in twenty years drained the life-blood of Rome and involved the whole world in strife and anarchy. Gaul and the West stood fi

only to punish. 5 Against the blind impersonal forces that drove the world to its doom, human forethought or human act was p

pretty clear. (As Gelzer shows, Cicero, with all the goodwill in the world , cannot attribute nobilitas to C. Fonteius and L.

The repercussions of the ten years’ war in Italy echoed over all the world . The Senate was confronted by continuous warfare

and both provinces of Gaul. The power and glory of the master of the world were symbolized in three triumphs won from three

effeminate orientals, and scorned alliance with the conqueror of the world . The triumphal robe of Magnus seemed chill comfor

as merely the head of an Italian confederation. In the capital of the world they were anachronistic and ruinous. To the blood

y, the great Pompeius, glorious from victories in all quarters of the world , lay unburied on an Egyptian beach, slain by a re

ate, levelling class and nation, ruling a subject, united and uniform world by right divine. 2 This extreme simplification

his son, a banker whose business had wide ramifications over all the world . The disinterested and enlightened Postumus lent

the Germans shattered, the Rhine crossed and Britain revealed to the world . The levies of northern Italy filled the legion

conquest, Gallia Comata, provided wealth and the best cavalry in the world . Caesar bestowed the franchise upon the chiefta

subsequent Caesarian policy and final contest for the dominion of the world , it was easy to pretend that Antonius strove from

rved, the name of Caesar was the young man’s fortune. 2 Italy and the world accepted him as Caesar’s son and heir; that the r

broke off negotiations with a contumacious proconsul and plunged the world into war. The lesson must have provided arguments

nia. Two days of concentrated diplomacy decided the fate of the Roman world . Antonius when consul had abolished the Dictators

ere, perhaps to some Fortunate Isles beyond the western margin of the world , without labour and war, but innocent and peacefu

were quickly adopted for purposes of propaganda by the rulers of the world . Already coins of the year 43 B.C. bear symbols o

is no reason to imagine that Pollio expected a son of his to rule the world , no indication in the poem that the consul there

united the Caesarian leaders in concord and established peace for the world . It is a fair surmise that the Fourth Eclogue was

leadership of the Caesarian party, should in truth have ruled over a world that had been pacified by the valour of his fathe

d by the land. A rope cut, and Pompeius would have the masters of the world in his power a topic fertile in anecdote. The P

alance of power and disconcerted Antonius. Three dynasts had held the world in an uneasy equilibrium. With only two remaining

herit his leadership of the Caesarian party and monarchy over all the world . Of the Caesarian leaders, neither could brook an

journeyed together to Brundisium, at that time when the rulers of the world were to meet not far away at Tarentum (37 B.C.).

the homage due to gods and masqueraded, for domination over a servile world , in the guise of divinity, Caesar’s heir as Apoll

e, these men formed and propagated the public opinion of the Hellenic world . Antonius went farther. During the War of Mutin

rought gladness and succour to humanity. Before the eyes of the Greek world Antonius could parade imperially, not only as a m

Hellenistic monarch either over a separate kingdom or over the whole world ? Again the argument is from intentions intentio

array all the East against Rome, establish herself as empress of the world at Rome and inaugurate a new universal kingdom. 4

The weapon forged to destroy Antonius changed the shape of the whole world . NotesPage=>275 1 Tarn (CAH x, 76) concede

the ties of family or business. 2 But what if the partition of the world was to be perpetuated? The limit between the domi

voted that the Temple of Janus should be closed, a sign that all the world was at peace on land and sea. 5 The imposing and

ands. Like Alexander, he had spread his conquest to the bounds of the world ; and he was acclaimed in forms and language once

sus embraced and the oath enlisted, not only all Italy, but the whole world . 3 In 28 B.C Caesar’s heir stood supreme—’potenti

ese manifestations of loyalty and patriotism, the master of the whole world consented to assume a special commission for a pe

all the vast resources of personal domination over the empire of the world . NotesPage=>330 1 C. Antistius Vetus (cos

of Augustus revealed the precarious tenure on which the peace of the world reposed. Meagre and confused, the sources defy an

established of two partners in supreme power, twin rulers of all the world , as a schematic and convenient theory might sugge

and Augustus, Caesar’s heir, a god’s son and saviour of Rome and the world , was unique, his own justification. Continuity, h

and the Republic perished, three dynasts divided and ruled the Roman world : their ambitions and their dissensions broke the

hardly to be expected that the qualities requisite for a ruler of the world should all be found in one man. A triumvirate was

imperial Senate, time and circumstance would ordain. 1 Over all the world were zealous and interested defenders of the esta

ny for the good of the State found himself the richest man in all the world . Like the earlier dynasts, he spent for power and

uld there be now to prosecute the northern wars or govern the eastern world with special powers? An ageing despot was left st

overnment of Rome, the future succession and the destiny of the whole world . NotesPage=>418 1 Ovid, Ars am. I, 194: ‘n

tponed. A loyal but not ingenuous historian exclaims that the whole world felt the shock of Tiberius’ departure. 1 Not at a

The Roman People occupied a privileged rank in the empire of all the world . Privilege should stand for service. If the citiz

called on Rome and Italy to supply soldiers for warfare all over the world . They were united now, and strong, a nation wroug

were occupied by graziers. The sons of Italy were scattered over the world : many preferred to stay in the provinces or drift

prosperous than ever before. Peace and security returned to the whole world . The release of the capital hoarded by the Ptolem

a magno demissum nomen lulo. 3 Later it is not the conqueror of the world but the coming inaugurator of the New Age, hic vi

oretold the coming of a great ruler in Italy and conqueror of all the world : sed fore qui gravidam imperiis belloque fremente

nceps’ own form and features were reproduced in Rome and over all the world . It is true that he caused no fewer than eighty s

e great astrologer Nigidius Figulus cast the horoscope a ruler of the world was portended. When the child could first speak,

course, from merit and for service, as to Hercules, who had made the world habitable for mankind, and to Romulus, the Founde

ning of its calendar-year; for that day announced good tidings to the world . 3 Asia surpasses decency in the thanks it render

pertied classes which the Empire preserved and supported all over the world , whether in the cities of Asia or the country dis

s Burrus from Vasio, the Prefect of the Guard, in alliance govern the world for Nero, dispensing patronage and advancement to

r, he would still have been one of the wealthiest citizens in all the world . Hostility to the nobiles was engrained in the

good emperor would dispense the blessings of his rule over the whole world , while the harm done by a bad emperor was not bou

: so did contemporaries. 3 Augustus’ rule was dominion over all the world . To the Roman People his relationship was that of