t, in the end, the Principate has to be accepted, for the Principate, while abolishing political freedom, averts civil war an

at Pharsalus, and Q. Metellus Scipio ended worthy of his ancestors; 2 while Cato chose to fall by his own hand rather than wi

ns to much effect. 3 Deplorable in appearance, the lack of consulars, while precluding the personal rivalries that disturbed

it. Caesar’s party had no monopoly of the bankrupts and terrorists; 2 while Pompeians and their leader himself, when war brok

aximus (45) and P. Cornelius Dolabella(cos. suff. 44) were patrician, while P. Servilius Isauricus (48) was ultimately of pat

strust of his father-in-law and by financial subsidies from Antonius, while Hirtius expressed his firm disapproval. 3 Antoniu

2 They were in the charge of Caesarians: Plancus took Gallia Comata, while Lepidus had already gone off to his command of th

frica. There was no public mention of the nobilis P. Sulpicius Rufus, while Sallustius reposed upon the satisfaction of his r

C. But Antonius proposed to exchange provinces, to give up Macedonia, while retaining the Balkan army, and receive as his con

following year. Crete and Cyrene were taken from Brutus and Cassius, while Macedonia was assigned to his brother, the praeto

ce, Decidius Saxa and a certain Cafo, raised recruits in this region, while P. Ventidius was suitably employed in the populou

mpact with Cicero, Cicero to provide political support for Octavianus while enjoying the protection of his financial resource

the Roman People. Servilius, however, was not altogether blameless, while Cicero stood out as the head and front of the gro

h from the governor of Cisalpine Gaul. Though nothing could be done while Antonius was still consul, Cicero seized the chan

ook=>167 Egypt in October, but no confirmation. Winter, however, while delaying news, would facilitate a revolution in t

, Calenus, seems to have commanded two legions established in Italy,3 while Pollio held the Cisalpina with a strong army. 4

sort the sole power which he scarcely seemed to desire. Octavianus, while prosecuting the policy of the Caesarian party, wa

veterans near Beneventum, enlisted troops at the bidding of Fulvia,7 while the Republican Ti. Claudius Nero raised the stand

e paradox that Antonius went from Syria to Egypt and lurked in Egypt, while in Italy his wife and his brother not NotesPage

ly was to be common ground, available for recruiting to both leaders, while Antonius held all the provinces beyond the sea, f

ated adversary and destined to follow him before long to destruction, while Rome and the Roman People perished, while a world

before long to destruction, while Rome and the Roman People perished, while a world-empire as great as that of Alexander, tor

gh. Greek freedmen were his counsellors, his agents and his admirals, while freed slaves manned his ships and filled his motl

Octavianus was to sail from Puteoli, Statilius Taurus from Tarentum, while Lepidus invaded Sicily from the south with the ar

had rioted so often against the Triumvirs. Their iron rule in Italy, while it crushed liberty, had at least maintained a sem

casualties of Mutina, and the ex-centurion C. Fuficius Fango, killed while fighting to hold Africa for Octavianus, were amon

of Gaul, Spain and Africa. 1 A powerful Caesarian oligarchy grew up, while the party of Antonius, by contrast, became more a

l. Virgil, however, persevered with poetry, completing his Eclogues while Pollio governed Macedonia for Antonius. It was ab

to Rome, or class to class. As after Sulla, the colonies of veterans, while maintaining order for the government, kept open t

ia. 2 The kings of Commagene and Cappadocia lent help to the invader, while Deiotarus, the most military of them all, lay low

in no way evident that the mishap in Media had ruined his reputation, while the material damage was compensated by subsequent

not given so much importance and effect by Plutarch (Antonius 58 f.), while Velleius omits this attractive subject altogether

e peninsula of Actium, on the northern shore of the gulf of Ambracia, while the fleet under Agrippa captured certain posts of

the more firmly. The tribunicia potestas was elusive and formidable; while imperium is so important that all mention of it i

stus himself set out on a tour of the eastern provinces (22-19 B.C.), while Agrippa in his turn passed westwards and went to

ll- starred. 1 Pride of birth, prejudicial or at least unprofitable while the Triumvirs ruled in Rome, now asserts its righ

as that Agrippa should prosecute the conquest of Illyricum in 12 B.C. while Drusus from the Rhine invaded Germany and Tiberiu

Asia as well. Illyricum, as long as it was senatorial, and Macedonia, while it retained legions, can furnish examples of cons

k=>406 ‘EADEM magistratuum vocabula. ’1 Names persist everywhere while substance changes. Like the individual senator, t

such as Calvisius, Taurus and Messalla were available to give advice; while Silius, Lollius and Vinicius soon gained experien

of Dio is brief and fragmentary, in part preserved only in epitomes; while Velleius records only trouble and disaster for Ro

s a bitter enemy, Vinicius and Silius apparently neutral or discreet, while Quirinius trimmed artfully. 5 It is evident that

disturbances in Armenia, a land over which Augustus claimed sovranty, while not seriously impairing the interests or the pres

the army of Germany eastwards as one column of the convergent attack, while under Tiberius served M. Valerius Messalla Messal

sperous age, based upon the convenient dogma that it retained liberty while discarding licence and achieved order without des

id not forget Brutus and Cassius; 2 Corduba produced a disloyalist; 3 while Patavium and Auximum harboured conspirators among

lous historian. On the other hand, Lollius was a political scapegoat, while Quirinius, Titius and Tarius left no consular son

f the system must have become more widely diffused in the Senate. Yet while this process was going on, the Republic itself be

mperor would dispense the blessings of his rule over the whole world, while the harm done by a bad emperor was not boundless:

ourage. 5 The Roman had once boasted that he alone enjoyed libertas while ruling others. It was now evident that obedience

permanent and enhancing his own prestige beyond that of a mortal man, while it consolidated his own regime and the new system