a decision, he chose Caesar, his personal friend; and with Caesar he went through the wars from the passage of the Rubicon

ncipate of Augustus: the work appears to have ended when the Republic went down at Philippi. That Pollio chose to write no f

requiting his services by loans or legacies. 3 The gains of finance went into land. Men of substance and repute grew yet r

resources of patronage and mutual obligation for political ends. Men went out to serve under Pompeius as quaestors or legat

the saviour of the Republic. 7 Abetted by the praetor Caesar, Nepos went on with his proposals in the next year, causing b

for the moment an insult to the honour of his family. 6 Everything went wrong. The consul Celer turned against Pompeius,

hal robe of Magnus seemed chill comfort in political defeat. 4 Cato went too far. When the knights who farmed the taxes of

bination ruled, though modified in various ways, and impaired as time went on, for some ten years. 7 This capture of the N

ld military levies throughout Italy. 4 The demands for a dictatorship went on: to counter and anticipate which, the Optimate

on on behalf of the Commonwealth. Accompanied by the consuls-elect he went to Pompeius and handed him a sword, with dramatic

ted. No armed legions rose at his call. Even Picenum, his own barony, went over to the enemy without a blow. No less complet

stern coast of Italy, gathering troops, momentum and confidence as he went . Within two months of the crossing of the Rubicon

place in the designs of his employer. Crassus drew back, and Catilina went on, to his ruin. When Caesar took the Dictators

e family. It was often stronger. Whatever their class in society, men went with a leader or a friend, though the cause were

oman, whose citizenship, so far from being the recent gift of Caesar, went back to proconsuls a generation or two earlier. C

or Cisalpine Gaul; about the same time, it may be presumed, Trebonius went to Asia, Cimber to Bithynia. There were no legion

Caesar. Dolabella received Syria, Antonius Macedonia: with Macedonia went Caesar’s Balkan army, six of the best of the Roma

of Antonius. It is by no means clear that the behaviour of Antonius went beyond the measure of the Roman party-politician.

blems. When Antonius intervened, the sympathies of plebs and veterans went to Caesar’s heir. And now Heaven itself took a ha

ibunate, emulating the Gracchi and a long line of demagogues. Rumours went about in the July days at Rome that Octavianus, t

AT the beginning of the month of August certain political intriguesIX went wrong, and hopes of concord or of dissension were

ted the other. To counter that danger and outbid his rival the consul went farther with his Caesarian and popular policy.

ther’s veterans. A tour in Campania was organized. With the young man went five of his intimate friends, many soldiers and c

tivity lay beyond the constitution and beyond the laws. When Caesar went to war with the government, avid and desperate me

the Commonwealth could still muster. In public pronouncements Cicero went sponsor for the good conduct and loyalty of the a

were acting a pretence: they strove for power only. 1 Sallustius soon went deeper in his pessimism. The root of the trouble

us Dolabella; and of all the patricians, primacy in rank and standing went to M. Aemilius Lepidus. Like the patriciate, the

the second week of the month. 2 After departing from Italy, Brutus went to Athens and was seen at the lectures of philoso

of Apollonia. Even more spectacular was the success of Cassius. He went to Syria, a province where he was known and estee

northwards from Egypt through Palestine, to join Dolabella. They too went to swell the army of Cassius. NotesPage=>171

Aemilia, on April 22nd. He secured a start of two days, for D. Brutus went to consult Pansa at Bononia, only to find that th

inian Way and entered the city unopposed. The legions of the Republic went over without hesitation. A praetor committed suic

οὶ ‘Pωμαίων v πολλα ς βίβλοις αὐτὰ συνέγραψαν ϕ’ αυτ ν. These stories went a long way towards compensating the lack of prose

ss. The older men were dead, dishonoured or torpid: the young nobiles went in a body to the camp of Brutus and Cassius, eage

. The Romans had never fought such a battle before. 9 The glory of it went to Antonius and abode with him for ten years. The

own adherents and the Caesarian leader. 5 The paradox that Antonius went from Syria to Egypt and lurked in Egypt, while in

or the present, however, no indication of such a change. Octavianus went to Gaul for a brief visit, Lepidus to Africa. Ant

tonius at once dispatched Ventidius against the enemy. With Ventidius went as his legate or quaestor the Marsian Poppaedius

lieved that Antonius would not support his colleague. The young man went on with his war, encouraged by an initial advanta

ntonius for a time, it is uncertain for how long. 5 The young Lepidus went with Caesar’s heir from hatred of his triumviral

esarian general in Africa, carried with him a bull’s head wherever he went . 1 The credit of omens and astrology grew steadil

d and propagated the public opinion of the Hellenic world. Antonius went farther. During the War of Mutina he publicly ass

pected the constitution and dispensed with it. When the time came, he went beyond Senate and People, appealing to a higher s

heavily against him. Desertion set in. Certain of the vassal princes went over to the enemy, among them Amyntas with his Ga

bout the same time—on terms, namely the consulate. 2 Even Ahenobarbus went , stealthily in a small boat: Antonius dispatched

313 IN his sixth and seventh consulates C. Julius Caesar Octavianus went through a painless and superficial transformation

7 B.C. gave him for his provincia Spain, Gaul and Syria (with Syria went the small adjuncts of Cyprus and Cilicia Campestr

deprived of proconsuls. Whether the work of conquest and pacification went on, or whether order was held to be established,

aps Murena’s brother. He fades from recorded history. When M. Agrippa went out, he administered Syria through deputies, resi

lic men like Agrippa had no great reverence for forms and names. It went beyond the practices of Roman dynastic politics i

the victor of Naulochus and Actium declined honours and triumphs and went quietly about his work, his reward not applause o

s’. 3 All men knew that the noblest families of the Roman aristocracy went back to Latin or to Sabine ancestors to say not

the men from Spain, Saxa and Balbus were dead, but the younger Balbus went on in splendour and power to hold the proconsulat

rovinces (22-19 B.C.), while Agrippa in his turn passed westwards and went to Gaul and Spain (20-19 B.C.), after a brief soj

glad when Augustus returned. His rule, now more firmly consolidated, went on steadily encroaching upon the departments of S

he nobiles. Hence a steady cheapening of the consulate. In effect, it went now by nomination. NotesPage=>373 1 C. Fur

citizen of a free community, might elect whom he would: his suffrage went to ancestry and personality, not to alluring prog

econd the two Antonias, daughters of M. Antonius. The elder Antonia went to L. Domitius Ahenobarbus, to whom she had been

husband Barbatus died in his consulate. PageBook=>379 As time went on, more and more aristocratic families were lure

mansion from his profits as a political advocate money from P. Sulla went to pay for it. The Antonian L. Marcius Censorinus

l to Agrippa and the two Claudii. Agrippa on his return from the East went to Illyricum and fought a campaign in the winter

ius emerges as guide and counsellor to the young Gaius Caesar when he went to the East in 1 B.C.4 L. Calpurnius Piso (cos. 1

in the north would reveal momentous political facts. 1 When Tiberius went from Illyricum to the Rhine after Drusus’ death h

ed, ambition curbed but not crushed. The strife for wealth and powrer went on, concealed, but all the more intense and bitte

>411 In these matters Augustus required expert advisers. As time went on, knights who had served in the provinces as pr

may have been transgression against the Leges Juliae: the punishment went beyond that, and the procedure was probably a tri

. 1, 53, describes him as ‘pervicax adulter’, alleging a liaison that went back to the time when Julia was the wife of Agrip

eling of guilt it all came from neglect of the ancient gods. The evil went back much farther than Caesar or Pompeius, being

ice of Italian land rose steeply. 3 The rich grew richer. Their money went into landed property. Large estates grew larger.

ad not been in vain: it was not one man’s idea, and the origins of it went back before Actium. The different classes in the

e severe requisitions when Pollio governed the Cisalpina: the wealthy went into hiding then, and not a single slave betrayed

ibuting small coins to a fund in honour of the Princeps: the proceeds went towards dedications in the temples. 2 That was no

to the blind old censor, to the Decemvir. Yet by a paradox the power went , not to the brilliant and ambitious branch of the

e, Antonius and his admiral became the ancestors of emperors. As time went on, the Julii, the Antonii and the Claudii met an

Claudius. 2 The Cornelii Lentuli grew smaller and smaller: if they went on long enough, they would disappear, so a wit of

s to pay off. Moreover, the secret struggle for power and distinction went on as before, enhanced by the rival ambitions of

eigning house or when a powerful upstart, Gallus, Lollius or Seianus, went crashing to his fall. But they seldom got away un

shown, may be appropriated by any faction and any government: it soon went the way of Pax and became Libertas Augusta. Pom

to auctoritas, and ‘dux’ became beneficent, ‘dux bonus’. Ovid perhaps went too far when he spoke of ‘dux sacratus’. 3 But Du