necessary to praise political success or to idealize the men who win wealth and honours through civil war. The history of t

cannot be annulled. When the individuals and classes that have gained wealth , honours and power through revolution emerge as c

and Populares, nobiles and novi homines, but by the strife for power, wealth and glory. The contestants were the nobiles among

own. The competition was fierce and incessant. Family influence and wealth did not alone suffice. From ambition or for safet

Not so T. Pomponius Atticus, the great banker. Had Atticus so chosen, wealth , repute and influence could easily have procured

es of tenants or slaves, and financial magnates like Crassus. But the wealth of knights often outstripped many an ancient sena

not brilliant cautious and crafty in habit, he might seem destined by wealth , family, and paramount influence in the Senate to

war and peace the government after Sulla, owing primacy to birth and wealth , linked by ties of kinship and reciprocal interes

ghter, was cut off before his NotesPage=>023 1 Evidence of the wealth and tastes of Lucullus, P-W XIII, 411 f. Frequent

other was a Lucilia, niece of that Lucilius from Suessa Aurunca whose wealth and talents earned him Scipionic friendship and t

summer of the year, Caesar stood for the consulate backed by Crassus’ wealth , and in concert with L. Lucceius, an opulent frie

us Magnus was openly revealed. It rested upon his own auctoritas, the wealth and influence of Crassus, the consular power of C

olerance of age, but sometimes by deliberate choice, to safeguard the wealth and standing of the family, whatever the event.

ff officers were Mamurra, an old Pompeian from Formiae, notorious for wealth and vice,2 and the phenomenal P. Ventidius, whose

ar with devoted recruits. 3 His new conquest, Gallia Comata, provided wealth and the best cavalry in the world. Caesar besto

wars, like Gabinius and Curio: the survivors expected an accession of wealth , dignity and power. Had not Sulla enriched his pa

these people cf. further below, p. 262 f. 4 P-W IV, 2802 f. On his wealth , power and ostentation, cf. Plutarch, Pompeius 40

born citizen was eligible to stand for the quaestorship: in fact, the wealth and standing of a knight was requisite no exorbit

ned the Senate of Rome, augmented in personal standing to match their wealth . 1 As tax-farmers, public contractors, princes of

the vicinity. 7 The Cilnii were dominant in Arretium, hated for their wealth and power. Centuries before, the citizens had ris

disguised by a Latin termination. 3 The plebeian houses might acquire wealth and dynastic power at Rome, but they could never

certain Statius fought bravely for Samnium. In recognition of valour, wealth and family and perhaps a timely abandonment of th

ce to the proconsul after his great exploits in Gaul. 3 The power and wealth of the Pompeii no doubt raised up many enemies ag

tion them. 2 In the professed ideals of a landed aristocracy earned wealth was sordid and degrading. But if the enterprise a

ion. The names of good citizens and bad became partisan appellations; wealth and the power to do harm gave to the champions of

he existing order by individuals or classes in enjoyment of power and wealth . The libertas of the Roman aristocrat meant the r

us the consulate. The latter request they were able to support with a wealth of historical precedents of a familiar kind. 5 Th

miraculous escapes adorned the many volumes which this unprecedented wealth of material evoked. 6 NotesPage=>190 1 App

of Calenus. 2 Foresight and good investments preserved Atticus: his wealth alone should have procured his doom. The Caesaria

the proscription of private enemies. Many a long-standing contest for wealth and power in the towns of Italy was now decided.

the Bellum Italicum and became a Roman senator, now perished for his wealth ; 5 so did M. Fidustius, who had been proscribed b

=>203 In the meantime, Brutus and Cassius had been gathering the wealth and the armies of the East. Not long after the Ba

g year were spent in chastising Rhodians and Lycians and draining the wealth of Asia. Brutus and Cassius met again at Ephesus.

sh measure; 6 and the contraction of marriage-alliances with birth or wealth was a sign and pledge of political success. Paull

members a preponderance of Caesarians owed status and office, if not wealth as well, to the Triumvirs; and a mass of Roman kn

e beneficiaries of the proscriptions, newly acquired along with their wealth and status, assumed the form of a dislike of free

ed in the year of the Parthian invasion. 4 In this emergency men of wealth and standing in Asia, among them the famous orato

onius marked the resurgence of the Ptolemaic kingdom in splendour and wealth , though not in military power. She had reconstitu

thodorus of Tralles, formerly a friend of Pompeius, a man of fabulous wealth and wide influence in Asia, founding thereby a li

l colouring, being transformed into a great naval battle, with lavish wealth of convincing and artistic detail. More than that

t turning the land into a Roman province. 3 Acquiring Egypt and its wealth for Rome, he could afford to abandon Armenia and

Rome. But Italy now extended to the Alps, embracing Cisalpina. To the wealth of the old Etruscan lands and Campania, to the ma

is played in the same arena as before; the competitors for power and wealth require the same weapons, namely amicitia, the dy

420, and Table IV at end. PageBook=>380 Power, distinction and wealth , the Princeps had seized all the prerogatives of

salla the house of Antonius. 7 Spacious pleasure-gardens attested the wealth and splendour of Maecenas and Sallustius Crispus,

eft millions to his family, not the blameless possession of inherited wealth , but the spoil of the provinces. 7 His granddaugh

pretended that she had borne him a son. 7 Pliny, NH 9, 117 (on the wealth of his grand-daughter): ‘nec dona prodigi princip

onspicuous and influential at Court. Such were the ways that led to wealth and honours in the imperial system, implicit in t

ed but not abolished, ambition curbed but not crushed. The strife for wealth and powrer went on, concealed, but all the more i

next in crime was C. Sallustius Crispus, who inherited the name, the wealth and the luxurious tastes of his great-uncle, the

and inculcated, if not adopted. It is not enough to acquire power and wealth : men wish to appear virtuous and to feel virtuous

nd selfish descendants had all but ruined the Roman People. Conquest, wealth and alien ideas corrupted the ancient ideals of d

ut through lack of heirs, the existence of others was precarious. The wealth needed to support the political and social dignit

ut primitive virtue and about the social degeneration that comes from wealth and empire. The Italian peasant may have been val

nceps. The Roman aristocracy, avidly grasping the spoils of conquest, wealth , luxury and power, new tastes and new ideas, had

e of Italy and the transformation of her governing class, the rule of wealth was conveniently masked as a sovran blend of anci

own interest and for their own defence, were made to understand that wealth and station imposed duties to the community. Like

: quo, Musa, tendis? 1 After praising the simple life and cursing wealth he adds: scilicet improbae crescunt divitiae; t

made an ill requital. The Pompeii were dead, but Titius lived on, in wealth and power. The town of Auximum in Picenum had onc

1. 2 lb. 3, 60 ff. PageBook=>491 The nobiles lost power and wealth , display, dignity and honour. Bad men, brutal, ra

It was not merely that the Principate engrossed their power and their wealth : worse than that, it stole their saints and their

s homo, avid and thrusting, stripped off all pretence in the race for wealth and power. The nobilis, less obtrusive, might be

s well as evil the strife for liberty, glory or domination. 1 Empire, wealth and individual ambition had ruined the Republic l

tivities for Caesar, 71 f., 139, 159, 407; prosecuted, 72, 151; great wealth , 77, 381; does not enter the Senate, 80 f.; relat

sulate, 37, 38, 374; misses an augurship, 41, 382; his feuds, 62, 63; wealth , popularity and influence, 13, 14, 24; connexions

ps in, 111, 124; augmented by Antonius, 260 f., 272 f.; annexed, 300; wealth of, 290, 304, 380; under Augustus, 314, 357; garr

s, 158 ff., 178 f., 217. Freedmen, sons of, in the Senate, 78, 354; wealth , 76, 195, 354; of Caesar, 76, 130; of Pompeius, 7

6. Hortensii, 492. Hortensius, Q. (cos. 69 B.C.), his character and wealth , 21; political activity, 22, 23, 28, 33, 39; his

s career, 22, 26, 29, 33 f., 35 f., 37; death, 38; his character, 22; wealth , 12; a dictum about politics, 12; connexion with

e and death, 428; his son, 435; connexion with the Valerii, 362, 379; wealth , 381; alleged venality, 429; praised by Horace, 4

53 B.C.), cousin of Pompeius, 31, 38 f., 363 proscribed, 193 f.; his wealth , 31, 195. Lucilius Longus (cos. suff. A.D. 7),

tisan of Octavianus, 235, 376; in Sardinia, 213, 216; at Actium, 297; wealth , 380. Lusitania, origin as a province, 395. P

ic minister, 347; character and vices, 341 f., 409, 452; luxury, 342; wealth , 380; poetry, 342; style, 484; defends Sex. Appul

Mamurra, of Formiae, praefectus fabrum of Caesar, 63, 71, 355; his wealth , 71, 380. Manius, agent of Antonius, 208, 209.

372 f.; ‘militaris industria’, 375 f., 397; virtues, 456; vices, 510; wealth , 381; prejudice against, 357 f., 509 f.; rehabili

1 ff.; in the equestrian service, 367, 506; in the legions, 295, 457; wealth of, 490, 501 f.; virtues of, 455; as emperors, 36

l function under the Principate, 407. Senators, as a class, 10 ff.; wealth of, 12, 14, 135, 380 f.; created by Sulla, 78; by

72; praefectus urbi, 403 f.; his career in general, 325; origin, 237; wealth , 380 f.; connexions, 379, 425; descendants, 498 f

aesar in the East, 429; loyal to Tiberius, 429, 434; his origin, 362; wealth , 381; patrician wives, 379; connexions, 425; lack

perhaps proconsul of Illyricum, 330; in Macedonia, 391; origin, 363; wealth , 382. Tarquinii, 18, 55, 59, 85. Tarraco, altar

entius Varro, M., Pompeian partisan and scholar, 31; his friends, 31; wealth , 195; proscribed, 193, 247; literary works, 247,

death, 192; Pollio’s verdict, 192.; His character, 122, 138, 320 f.; wealth , 195; town house, 195, 380; as an advocate, 149 f

erius, 344; honours declined or accepted, 231, 343; ambition, 343 f.; wealth , 238, 380 f.; his; marriages, 238, 379, 416; writ