riumphs of a younger rival; and L. Licinius Lucullus, thwarted of his triumph for years by the machinations of his enemies, tur

sul Pupius Piso from getting the province of Syria. 3 But the great triumph was Cato’s, and the greater delusion. The leader

h consuls. Caesar, returning from his command in Spain, asked for a triumph . Cato blocked the triumph. To wait for it would b

ning from his command in Spain, asked for a triumph. Cato blocked the triumph . To wait for it would be to sacrifice the consula

programme, Caesar established his Dictatorship. His rule began as the triumph of a faction in civil war: he made it his task to

he rule of the law, the constitution and the Senate; it announced the triumph soon or late of new forces and new ideas, the ele

by Pompeius Strabo at Asculum, he had been led or carried in a Roman triumph . From obscure years of early manhood some said th

he Peninsula. 6 Africa had given the name and occasion to the first triumph of the young Pompeius. But in Africa the adventur

he patricians in the middle of the fourth century did not portend the triumph of the Roman plebs. The earliest new families to

dent and martial peoples, the Marsi in the forefront, without whom no triumph had ever been celebrated whether they fought agai

Of the consulate there had been scant prospect in the past. But the triumph of a military leader, reviving the party of Mariu

triumphs of the Dictator. In Caesar’s defiance of the Senate and his triumph over noble adversaries, they too had a share of p

when the popular excitement had subsided: time and forbearance might triumph over violence, heroism or principle. The salutary

he expended lavishly at the Ludi Victoriae Caesaris, in honour of the triumph of Caesar’s arms and of Venus Genetrix, the ances

ved soldiery who devised the appropriate songs of licence at Caesar’s triumph . 10 The victims of invective did not always suf

artisan interpretation, of debate and of fraud: almost any plea could triumph by an appeal to custom or tradition. Knowledge

to free Rome from the tyranny of the consul Antonius. 5 His ultimate triumph found its consecration in the legend Libertatis p

of legality, with arguments for compromise. The result was hardly a triumph for Cicero. One point, indeed, he carried the tro

honours Octavianus was granted an ovation, Decimus Brutus, however, a triumph , the charge of the war and the legions of the dea

of Bononia and awaited with equanimity the ruin of D. Brutus and the triumph of diplomacy among the Caesarian armies of the We

41. On January1st, 41 B.C. L. Antonius inaugurated his consulate by a triumph over Alpine tribes: Dio, however, says οὔθ’ λως ἡ

of the Roman People. 4 Roman society under the terror witnessed the triumph of the dark passions of cruelty and revenge, of t

numbered twelve at the most, probably less. P. Vatinius celebrates a triumph in 42 B.C.; 4 a Triumvir’s uncle, C. Antonius,

esar. On the contrary, Brutus at last was calm and decided. After the triumph of the Caesarian generals and the institution of

calculation could have predicted that he would emerge in strength and triumph from the varied hazards of this eventful year.

first day of the year 39 Censorinus inaugurated his consulship with a triumph . 4 Later in the year NotesPage=>222 1 Belo

ius Strabo fifty-one years before, celebrated in Rome his paradoxical triumph . 1 Ventidius is not heard of again save for the

ed and discredited. The military glory of Antonius was revived in the triumph which his partisan Ventidius now celebrated over

consulate for the next year as his reward, did not choose to hold the triumph that would have thrown the disasters of Octavianu

his prospects. Another four years, from the Pact of Brundisium to his triumph in the Sicilian War, and the new party has acquir

urance not uncommon in the civil wars, when piety or protection might triumph over political principle, saving lives and proper

and offensive parody of Duillius, the author of Rome’s earliest naval triumph . 1 For Agrippa, the greatest of the admirals, was

the Parthians (38). Then in 36 the balance inclined with the Sicilian triumph , and Octavianus pressed the advantage in the next

ired a shrine of Neptune, as was right, even though he did not hold a triumph . Apollo, however, was the protecting deity of t

unfinished by his father; and L. Marcius Philippus after his Spanish triumph (33) repaired a temple of Hercules. These were

(Panegyricus Messallae 108 ff.); and Taurus, coming from his African triumph (June 30th, 34 B.C.) to Illyricum, took charge of

n to Asianism, or by the rise of a new romanticism. Pollio, after his triumph abandoning public life, returned to the habits of

In Ecl. 8, 6-13 Virgil addresses Pollio, anticipating his return and triumph , in a tone and manner that would have been fittin

rom the conquest of Armenia. 1 The Roman general celebrated a kind of triumph , in which Artavasdes, the dethroned Armenian, was

und a way out. The last of the Ptolemies scorned to be led in a Roman triumph . Her firm and defiant end, worthy of a Roman nobl

lexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene were reserved to walk in a Roman triumph . The boy is not heard of again—he was probably su

ome expected (and the poets announced) the true, complete and sublime triumph —the young Caesar would pacify the ends of the ear

in Spain, Dio 51, 20, 5 (under the year 29 B.C.). Calvisius held his triumph on May 26th, 28 B.C. (CIL I 2, p. 77): none the l

us Gallus (50, 20, 5) and of C. Carrinas (51, 21, 6). Carrinas held a triumph , on May 30th, 28 B.C. (CIL 12, p. 77). Not so Non

uccesses deserved special honour: he was not allowed to celebrate his triumph till July, 27 B.C. When a party has triumphed i

cedonia, after pacifying Thrace and defeating the Bastarnae, earned a triumph but claimed more, namely the ancient honour of th

PageBook=>309 Yet Crassus was granted the bare distinction of a triumph when a convenient interval had elapsed (July, 27

old the proconsulate of Africa with legions and the nominal hope of a triumph . 3 The wars of Augustus were waged in the main by

p d’etat of 23 B.C. was the work of Livia as well as of Agrippa and a triumph for both. ‘Remo cum fratre Quirinus. ’2 Thus di

on and their defender. 2 In the year 29 B.C., about the time of his triumph , Octavianus gave a donative in money to the veter

nt on in splendour and power to hold the proconsulate of Africa and a triumph , the last ever celebrated by a senator. Moreover,

f Diana, both from war-booty; and Balbus’ theatre also commemorated a triumph (19 B.C.)2 Augustus himself repaired the Via Flam

. 3, 74). The practice of awarding ornamenta triumphalia instead of a triumph began towards 12 B.C. (Dio 54, 24, 8; Suetonius,

mbitions of the Princeps in the matter of his nephew Marcellus. Their triumph was brief and transient. The death of Marcellus,

his paramount auctoritas. Soon after the War of Actium and the triple triumph Rome witnessed his zealous care for religion ’sac

tium. The Principate itself may, in a certain sense, be regarded as a triumph of Italy over Rome: Philippi, Perusia and even Ac

populosque ferocis contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet. 5 His triumph did not bring personal domination, but the unity

autobiographical memoir, recording his destiny, his struggles and his triumph a masterly exercise on the august theme of ‘tanta

t with all this, Augustus was not indispensable that was the greatest triumph of all. Had he died in the early years of the Pri

sium, 217; and the Fourth Eclogue, 218 ff.; in Macedonia, 222 f.; his triumph , 222, 241; not at Tarentum, 225; his public libra

235, 402; his daughter, 325, 498; proconsul of Africa, 328, 339; his triumph , 339, 367. Cornelius Cinna, L. (cos. 87 B.C.),

nd Antonian partisan, 221, 266, 327; proconsul of Macedonia, 222; his triumph , 244; acquires Cicero’s mansion, 195, 380. Marc

s, 63, 252; as consul, 94; proconsul of Illyricum, 110, 164, 171; his triumph , 197; his origin, 90; relations with Cicero, 144,

210; in the Perusine War, 210 ff.; against the Parthians, 223 f.; his triumph , 224, 231, 241; as a type of novus homo, 199 f.;