ew order, ostensibly as servants of the Republic and heirs to a great tradition , not as mere lieutenants of a military leader or

tten by C. Asinius Pollio, in a Roman and Republican spirit. That was tradition , inescapable. The Roman and the senator could nev

not be left out of the indictment. Among the old nobility persisted a tradition of service to the State that could transcend mate

the primitive tenacity of the Roman family and the pride of their own traditions . They waited in patience to assert their ancient

e Senate to sustain the part of a great conservative statesman in the tradition of Philippus; and he formed a connexion with the

82 B.C.: though some versions exculpate Pompeius, there is a contrary tradition . Like the killing of Cn. Papirius Carbo (cos. III

efactor, for better reasons than that. They stood, not merely for the traditions and the institutions of the Free State, but very

personal interest masked by the profession of high principle, family tradition and the primacy of civic over private virtue, all

la, is appropriately discovered on the side of Caesar. 4 The Marian tradition in politics was carried on by men called populare

to and Pompeius his father’s murderer. The patricians were loyal to tradition without being fettered by caste or principle. E

aries. 3 Justice has not always been done to the generous and liberal traditions of the Roman aristocracy, conspicuous in the Juli

pendent, endowed with wide territories, a venerable history and proud traditions . The extension neither of the Roman citizenship n

s at Rome had not always disdained the aristocracies of other cities. Tradition affirmed that monarchs of foreign stock had ruled

archy, established by violence and confiscation, perpetuated a narrow tradition . Under the old order a considerable part of Italy

s, this motley and excitable rabble turned a deaf ear; for the august traditions of the Roman Senate and the Roman People they had

and the army were degenerate and Caesarian, respect for liberty, for tradition , and for the constitution might appear to survive

ctavianus’; the use of that name, possessing the sanction of literary tradition , will here be maintained, though it is dubious an

gh elegant in his tastes, Piso suited his way of living to his family tradition and to his fortune, which would not have supporte

and of fraud: almost any plea could triumph by an appeal to custom or tradition . Knowledge of the vocabulary of Roman political

re abundantly preserved, it might be discovered that respect for law, tradition and the constitution possessed a singular unanimi

upulous: even youth became a commendation, when possession of neither traditions nor property could dull the edge of action. From

se of liberty. The men who fell at Philippi fought for a principle, a tradition and a class narrow, imperfect and outworn, but fo

, Wiener Studien XXXVI (1914), 84 f., or at least influenced by court tradition , which embellishes the role of Octavia, cf. M. A.

cheap and frequent honours for his proconsuls from Spain and Africa. Tradition consecrated the expenditure of war-booty for the

mployed to advertise in literature and on monuments the glory and the traditions of a family, a dynasty, a whole people; 4 and a r

th in the circle of Clodius. 4 Of this literary, social and political tradition there was also a reminder in the person of the yo

as the West. The East was fundamentally different, possessing its own traditions of language, habit and rule. The dependent kings

er with the title of ‘Queen’:2 Republican principle, or rather family tradition and the prospects of his own son, made him insist

ctavianus, bravely followed him in death, true to noble and patrician tradition . She was the last person of note in a family that

t pill of supreme power with some harmless flavouring that smacked of tradition and custom. The military leader wished to be know

were possessed by an especial veneration for authority, precedent and tradition , by a rooted distaste of change unless change cou

olled libertas or ferocia of Pollio came as a verbal reminder of that tradition . Pollio, it is true, was preserved as a kind of p

rt of precedents—he claimed to be unique. Romans instructed in a long tradition of law and government did not need to take lesson

ost. The men of the Revolution can scarcely be described as slaves to tradition : but the dour Agrippa, plebeian and puritan, ‘vir

ors, reformers and even as revolutionaries. In Tiberius there was the tradition , though not the blood, of M. Livius Drusus as wel

of their families. In the forefront the military men, carrying on the tradition of the marshals of the revolutionary wars but not

and of Augustus could be supported by the venerable weight of ancient tradition . To promote novi homines was patently not a ‘novu

ished in Italian and provincial colonies. Fresh material and a better tradition took their place. Augustus in the same year pro

e acted as parent, magistrate or general. Augustus could have invoked tradition and propriety, had he needed or cared to justify

tus in 2 B.C. A political alliance with the Plautii was good Claudian tradition . 3 NotesPage=>422 1 Propertius 4, 11, 63 f

ed all that the Hellenes could give, they shaped their history, their traditions and their concept of what was Roman in deliberate

Ulixes: durum a stirpe genus. 3 They were peasants and soldiers. Tradition remembered, or romance depicted, the consuls of t

. Above all, the aristocracy was sharply recalled to its hereditary traditions of service; and the men of property, in their own

to Ovid, and perhaps to Horace; 4 and Piso satisfied the philhellenic traditions of his family by supporting a Greek versifier, An

f the Roman People. Moreover, the Roman citizen of the towns with his tradition of law and government could respect the magistrat

ain of the towns of Italy and the West took pride in their Republican traditions . On the whole, a harmless practice. Yet Mediolani

he Dictator, had committed suicide after Philippi, also preserved the traditions of libertas and ferocia. When the roll of the Sen

process, was sickened when men of his own class abandoned their Roman tradition and behaved like courtiers and flatterers of an o

’ 3 Hist, 1, 50. PageBook=>508 Captured and enslaved by the traditions of the Roman governing class and of Roman histori

e of Italy as well as of Rome. 2 But Cato was powerless against Roman tradition . The banker Atticus was more typical, if a little

the names of ‘rex’ or ‘princeps’,3 the more so because a respectable tradition of philosophic thought held monarchy to be the be

the phrase of Ennius. The Roman could feel it in his blood and in his traditions . Again Ennius must have seemed prophetic: O Rom