ct and even abrupt, avoiding metaphors and abstractions. It is surely time for some reaction from the ‘traditional’ and conv

rtas and the defeat of the governing class. Though symbolized for all time in the Battle of Philippi, it was a long process,

years. Loyal to Caesar, and proud of his loyalty, Pollio at the same time professed his attachment to NotesPage=>005

ower, vested in a pair of annual magistrates; and though compelled in time to admit the plebeians to political equality, cer

a dozen dominant families, hold a monopoly of office and power. From time to time, families rise and fall: as Rome’s rule e

dominant families, hold a monopoly of office and power. From time to time , families rise and fall: as Rome’s rule extends i

haginians: some had maintained it since then, others had lapsed for a time . The Fulvii, the Sempronii and the Livii were alm

ty decisions taken in secret, known or inferred by politicians of the time , but often evading historical record and baffling

uls of 79–75 B.C. are heard of after 74. PageBook=>023 After a time the most distinguished of the principes, resentfu

hwarted by that accident. She cast about for other allies. About this time Cato married Marcia, the granddaughter of Philipp

or hostile to the interests of property and finance, and at the same time carefully soliciting the aid of young nobiles who

But he did not compromise his future or commit his allegiance for all time . Caesar possessed close kin in certain houses of

as been taken as evidence of Etruscan influence on the family at some time or other, cf. J. Duchesne, Ant. cl. III (1934), 8

the fray, and slashed the bill to pieces. Yet he claimed at the same time that he was doing a good service to Pompeius. 1 C

e combination ruled, though modified in various ways, and impaired as time went on, for some ten years. 7 This capture of th

B.C. (Ad fam. 3, 4, 2), that of Cn. Pompeius probably about the same time (ib.). The younger son, Sextus, married the daugh

erate and may not be dismissed as mere manoeuvres for position or for time to bring up his armies. 2 Caesar knew how small w

ry 44 B.C. Caesar was voted the Dictatorship for life. About the same time decrees of the Senate ordained that an oath of al

Caesar the Dictator was either suppressed outright or called up from time to time to enhance the contrast between the unscr

the Dictator was either suppressed outright or called up from time to time to enhance the contrast between the unscrupulous

to Caesar’s name, his grand-nephew, attracted little attention at the time of his first appearance in Rome. The young man ha

him, Caesar stands out as a realist and an opportunist. In the short time at his disposal he can hardly have made plans for

at least, a salutary pause from political activity: with the lapse of time the situation might become clearer in one way or

hopeless. It was necessary to strike at once absence, the passage of time and the solid benefits of peace and order might a

was probably desirous of conciliating the financial interests at this time . 3 For the list, Drumann-Groebe, Gesch. Roms

e party in power, had been a Marian and a popularis, was feared for a time by contemporaries and often believed by posterity

ünzer, RA, 356; 358 f.; 424. PageBook=>069 not in vain. In the time of Sulla the Fabii have declined so far that they

ving his prospects and ingratiating himself with the nobility to find time to secure the promotion of deserving friends to t

it was a danger to ask him to dinner. 5 Pansa was also in Gaul for a time . Hirtius was later to complete the Bellum Gallicu

Caesar, too, had his partisans in the cities of Hellas, augmented by time and success. 3 Pompeius constantly employed freed

promoted partisans from the ranks of the legions, with no interval of time or status. An ex-centurion could be a knight, and

4. On the whole question of the social standing of centurions at this time , cf. the evidence and arguments adduced in JRS XX

hold for Caesar’s Senate, with added force, and render it at the same time more difficult and less important to discover pre

f defeat and suffering. There could be no reconciliation until a long time had elapsed. Sulla recognized merit among allie

only fifteen years before, provided the nucleus of the movement this time largely, but not wholly, disappointed Sullan vete

lbus he did not gratify the expectations of Rabirius; and who at this time had ever heard of Salvidienus Rufus, Vipsanius Ag

for their cause and they did not think that it was necessary. At the time of Caesar’s death, the armies were held by his pa

ly in April Decimus Brutus set out for Cisalpine Gaul; about the same time , it may be presumed, Trebonius went to Asia, Cimb

orm had spent its strength, when the popular excitement had subsided: time and forbearance might triumph over violence, hero

Antonius was an intrepid and dashing cavalry leader: yet at the same time a steady and resourceful general. He commanded th

e and imposing façade certain defects of character and judgement that time and the licence of power were to show up in deadl

verdict of conventional history must be constrained to silence for a time . With the suppression of the Dictator and retur

irs by the consuls. To this end Antonius the consul tolerated for a time the popular cult in the Forum and the seditious i

of faction, veiled at first under honourable names and confined for a time to the scramble for honours and emolument, to bre

rce of intrigue and feuds. Pompeius they might have tolerated for a time , or even Caesar, but not Antonius and young Dolab

1 Ad Att. 14, 14, 4 2 For details about all the provinces at this time , cf. W. Sternkopf, Hermes XLVII(1912), 321 ff.; W

, 1). 4 Cicero, Phil. 3, 15. 5 The young Octavius, in Spain for a time with Caesar in 45 B.C., was enrolled among the pa

nfine his attentions to one party. Cicero was living at Cumae at this time . He had heard rumours about Octavianus, according

s, probably with honest intent, not merely to deceive; about the same time , Antonius delivered a speech before the People, f

the Republic. 2 Cassius, however, lingered in Italian waters for some time . As for Antonius, pressure from a competitor wa

ng like a national party. So it was to be in the end. But this was no time for an ideal and patriotic appeal. Such were th

e lead and act. 1 NotesPage=>122 1 The whole situation at this time is summed up by Dio (45, 11, 1 ff.) with unwonted

he citizen body in cases of breach of the peace or high treason. This time there was criticism and opposition in the Senate

h had not merely been split and shattered: it was being rebuilt, this time against Antonius, by a hostile alliance of Caesar

anus. 4 Nothing else is known of their attitude or activities at this time . NotesPage=>128 1 His father, L. Marcius P

reveal the awkward fact that Octavianus at Brundisium in April, for a time at least, had control both of certain funds desti

April was the millionaire Balbus. Balbus could keep his counsel,4 and time has respected his secrets. No record survives of

a financier. In November he is discovered on a familiar errand, this time not for Caesar, but for Caesar’s heir a confident

d (except for C. Rabirius Postumus) the only such recorded for a long time . What remained of the Caesarian faction after the

cenas: to the end his faction retained the mark of its origin. A long time passes before any number of senators emerge on hi

edominance of Pompeius was threatened (in 61-60 B.C. and in 56): each time he reasserted it in a convincing fashion. Cicero

nned the Senate, the theatre of his old triumphs. With the passing of time , he might indeed have silenced his conscience and

too often deluded in his political judgements. No easy optimism this time , however, but an accurate forecast of the hazards

nted the excellence of his own plan: it may be doubted whether at any time he felt that he could trust Octavianus. Neither w

by tribunes. This treatise was published in 51 B.C. About the same time Cicero had also been at work upon the Laws, which

at all, improper to adduce any standards other than those of a man’s time , class and station. Yet it was precisely in the e

an and no detractor of Cicero, reckoned as the greatest Romans of his time . 1 Eager to maintain his dignitas as a consular,

nd command the attention of history: in the background, emerging from time to time, Philippus, Servilius and other schemers,

nd the attention of history: in the background, emerging from time to time , Philippus, Servilius and other schemers, patent

nded and enigmatic individual, he possessed many virtues, which for a time had deceived excellent and unsuspecting persons,

alled a muleteer:8 the fullest elaboration on that theme belongs to a time when it could do him no harm. 9 Nor was it Caesar

established and made public on December 20th. On January 1st came the time for action. Hirtius and Pansa opened the debate.

of war had been averted; for the advocates of concord, a respite and time for negotiation. Even now the situation was not b

change in the East alarmed the friends of Antonius: there was little time to be lost, for the beginning of hostilities in t

rst. The conduct of the war by the two consuls had overshadowed for a time the person of Octavianus. Hirtius and Pansa, at t

over the fleets and sea-coasts of the Roman dominions. It was high time for the Caesarians to repent and close their rank

d have deceived nobody. The two armies lay against each other for a time . A small river ran between the camps. When soldie

A lull followed. Antonius was in no hurry. He waited patiently for time , fear and propaganda to dissolve the forces of hi

ed Lepidus may yet in treachery be held true to the Roman People at a time when patriotism and high principle were invoked t

revived Caesarian party was to establish the Dictatorship again, this time without respect of life and property, in the spir

uired, what more deserving candidate than Cicero himself? About the time of the Battle of Forum Gallorum and rumoured deat

te is probably too late, for it does not allow a sufficient margin of time for the passage of news and movements of troops i

y Cicero. 6 The Senate refused. The sword decided. 7 For the second time in ten months Caesar’s heir set out to march on R

heir now held Rome after the second attempt in ten months. The first time he had sought backing from senior statesmen and f

ius shattered for ever the coalition of March 17th, and divided for a time the ranks of the Caesarian party. With the reviva

an world. Antonius when consul had abolished the Dictatorship for all time . The tyrannic office was now revived under anothe

ng the nobiles were never complete without a marriage- alliance: this time the soldiery insisted on a solid guarantee agains

nds of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. The possession of Africa at this time was dubious, disputed in a local civil war for se

victims was probably never as high as was believed with horror at the time , or uncritically since, perpetuated in fiction an

everal pairs of consuls for a single year and designating them a long time in advance. Of consulars and men of authority i

rother, the proscribed Paullus, retired to Miletus and lived on for a time unmolested. 6 Of the supposed dozen survivors a

. His half- brother, L. Gellius Poplicola, was also with Brutus for a time , but acted treacherously (Dio 47, 24, 3 ff.). Abo

rry the war into Italy in winter or even in summer, but to occupy the time by organizing their resources and raising more mo

nd entombed the armies of the Republic ‘Romani bustum populi’. 4 This time the decision was final and irrevocable, the last

aly. Denied justice and liberty, Italy rose against Rome for the last time . It was not the fierce peoples of the Apennine as

nus, gross and mendacious, exaggerated the role of Fulvia both at the time and later, putting her person and her acts in a h

egions to take charge of that region. Even if Salvidienus returned in time and their combined armies succeeded in dealing wi

pted an ambiguous and threatening attitude earlier in the year. For a time he refused to let Salvidienus pass through the Ci

ompeius. Pompeius seems to have let slip his opportunity not the only time . A concerted effort of the Antonian and Republica

retired through the Apennines. 6 Nor did help come from the south in time or in adequate strength. Plancus, another of An

esar’s heir before the people when he marched upon Rome for the first time . 1 Death was also the penalty exacted of the town

s are obscure. Pollio retired north- eastwards and held Venetia for a time against the generals of Octavianus. Then all is a

active allies. The affair of Perusia had been sadly mismanaged. This time the enemies of Octavianus had a leader. The final

Sicily. Ti. Claudius Nero and his wife also came to Greece about this time . PageBook=>216 include Pompeius, Antonius

the Parthians. 4 Pollio may have departed to Macedonia about the same time if he came to Rome to assume the insignia of his

bus, he had held as yet no senatorial office the wars had hardly left time for that. But Octavianus had designated him as co

MC, R. Rep. 11, 500; 504; 508; 524. Not that Sosius was there all the time he governed Syria for Antonius in 38–36. 4 Dio

years is a long period in a revolutionary epoch. Octavianus felt that time was on his side. For the present, his colleague w

ufus. 3 To the defeated of Philippi and Perusia it had seemed for a time that the young Pompeius might be a champion of th

. 11, 564 f. (coins of his admiral Q. Nasidius, honouring at the same time Pompeius Magnus and the god of the sea). 5 Res

r 37 passed in thorough preparations. There was to be no mistake this time . Agrippa devised a grandiose plan for attacking S

te army of three legions in Asia, with which force he contended for a time against the NotesPage=>231 1 Dio 48, 49, 4

ughout the whole of Italy. How desperate had been his plight at the time of the War of Perusia has already been described.

f Philippi. Then silence again until he becomes consul for the second time in 40 B.C., with no record of his activity, and g

’s new senators. The younger Balbus was probably in Spain at the same time as Peducaeus; 6 and the obscure admiral M. Lurius

Sicilian campaigns reveals on the side of Caesar’s heir for the first time among his generals or active associates seven men

C), were perhaps making their début in Octavianus’ service about this time . 4 The names derive, unless otherwise stated, f

erty at Philippi and was proud of it. He then followed Antonius for a time , it is uncertain for how long. 5 The young Lepidu

in foreign policy of the long Principate of Augustus. But Octavianus’ time was short, his aims were restricted. In the first

adily in strength. In 33 B.C. Octavianus became consul for the second time , and his influence, not total but at least prepon

of Triumviral despotism. Despite repeated disturbances, the lapse of time permitted the Revolution (for such it may with pr

deterred. At the age of eighty, discovering, as he said, that it was time to gather his baggage for the last journey,3 he p

Then Caesar the Dictator became a subject of literary warfare, for a time at least, until his heir discountenanced an uncom

ed itself in cyclical revolutions. For Rome it might appear to be the time of Sulla come again; in a larger sphere, the epoc

ogues while Pollio governed Macedonia for Antonius. It was about this time , in the absence of Pollio, that he was ensnared b

ragedian Varius Rufus, they journeyed together to Brundisium, at that time when the rulers of the world were to meet not far

. Rome had witnessed a social revolution, but it had been arrested in time . After the next subversion of public order it mig

eno of Laodicea, received kingdoms. Other arrangements were made from time to time, but it was not until the winter of 37-36

aodicea, received kingdoms. Other arrangements were made from time to time , but it was not until the winter of 37-36 B.C. th

e competed with Italy in valour and even in discipline. It would take time to train them: Antonius wanted the twenty thousan

. Her husband told her to go back to Rome, unchivalrous for the first time in his life. He was dealing with Octavianus: but

spositions were not immediately exploited by his enemies at Rome. The time was not quite ripe. The official Roman version

n person for the Ptolemies. Caesar Augustus was therefore at the same time a magistrate at Rome and a king in Egypt. But tha

76 THE year 33 B.C. opened with Octavianus as consul for the second time : with its close, the triumviral powers were to ex

publicity. The old themes, familiar from reciprocal invective at the time of Octavianus’ first essay in armed violence and

and unfamiliar, from the arbitrary rule of the Triumvirate. Since the time when the entry into office of new consuls last po

alized. He respected the constitution and dispensed with it. When the time came, he went beyond Senate and People, appealing

f prime importance. Antonius, being a Roman citizen, could not at any time contract a legally valid marriage with a foreign

ι άχθεσθέντεϛ (50, 3,2). Velleius, no safe guide about Plancus at any time , alleges that this corrupt character, ‘in omnia e

timidation and by violence, Italy was forced into a struggle which in time she came to believe was a national war. The conte

What were the real sentiments of the upper and middle classes at this time ? Many a man might discern a patent fraud, distrus

7, 23 f. 2 M. Nonius Gallus, active for Augustus in Gaul about the time of the battle of Actium (Dio 51, 20, 5), certainl

salla; and he was to wage Rome’s war as consul himself, for the third time . Antonius was not outlawed that was superfluous.

cinius Crassus may have made his peace with Octavianus about the same time —on terms, namely the consulate. 2 Even Ahenobarbu

ly, he began by following Antonius’ policy and even granted him for a time the territory of Armenia Minor—for the Mede would

A, 346). 4 CIL 12, p. 50 and p. 77. 5 Res Gestae 13. At the same time the ancient ceremony of the Augurium Salutis was

signs were not wanting in 28 B.C Octavianus was consul for the sixth time with Agrippa as his colleague. In the previous ye

tesPage=>306 1 Georgics 3, 27. On the cult of Romulus about this time , cf. esp. J. Gagé, Mélanges XLVII (1930), 138 ff.

powers of that office, had the question been of concern to men at the time . From 31 B.C onwards he had been consul every yea

ber 25th, 27 B.C., was in command of a great military province at the time of Crassus’ dispute with Octavianus. The successo

PageBook=>316 one age, but to many men and the long process of time . 1 Augustus sought to demonstrate a doctrine —R

ius Magnus governed Spain in absence through his legates. At the same time he acquired a quasi-dictatorial position in Rome

acquired a quasi-dictatorial position in Rome as consul for the third time (52 B.C.), at first without a colleague, under a

ity’ should find no quarrel with a rigid law of high treason. It is time to turn from words and theories. Only a robust fa

rved that the pay of Augustus’ military guard was doubled at the same time —and that in virtue of the Senate’s decree. 1 Th

sting basis’ is not a matter of paramount importance. No man of the time , reared among the hard and palpable realities of

lier dynasts, but with more thoroughness and without opposition. This time the domination of a faction was to be permanent a

. No need to violate the laws: the constitution was subservient. This time the new enactments were carried through under the

axims of political wisdom; it is more instructive to discover, in any time and under any system of government, the identity

surrendering power. Very different his real purpose, disguised at the time and seldom suspected since—he wished to remove pr

), Gallia Narbonensis as well as Baetica is senatorial. Syria at this time was simply the Antonian province (Syria and Cilic

d to postpone the final conquest of the Balkan and Danubian lands. In time , however, the Princeps encroached in Illyricum an

s of consular rank. In the early years it might be expected that from time to time men of consular rank would be put in char

sular rank. In the early years it might be expected that from time to time men of consular rank would be put in charge of th

e Princeps were an infant, an idiot or an absentee. That would take time . Augustus’ provincia at once called for attention

of the matter will never be known: it was known to few enough at the time , and they preferred not to publish a secret of st

ng. 2 Under their direction the government could have continued for a time . Augustus recovered. He was saved by cold baths

organizing the vast province of Galatia and Pamphylia. 2 Moreover the time might seem to be near for renewing diplomatic pre

inceps and his family, to build up a syndicate of government. 1 It is time to investigate in some detail the composition and

oundation-members; and subsequent accessions have been indicated from time to time. It grew steadily in numbers and in digni

n-members; and subsequent accessions have been indicated from time to time . It grew steadily in numbers and in dignity as Ca

er three hundred senators had chosen Antonius and the Republic at the time of the coup d’état of 32 B.C Some made quick repe

Principate; and senators were eligible for the purple. The passage of time extended the process and abbreviated the stages,

s their patron and their defender. 2 In the year 29 B.C., about the time of his triumph, Octavianus gave a donative in mon

tunities arose for service, for distinction and for promotion that in time knights were willing to divest themselves tempora

nus the tax gatherer, who was the father of a Roman Emperor. 3 By the time of the Flavian dynasty a common soldier can rise

ly A. Stein, Der r. Ritterstand, 142 ff. The equestris militia in the time of Augustus is a highly obscure subject. The post

post of praefectus cohortis does not at first belong to it, but takes time to develop. Notice, on the other hand, frequent p

respectable family from Tibur, became its first governor; 1 and in a time of emergency an equestrian officer governed Cyren

.C. (Dio 55, 10, 10), Q. Ostorius Scapula and P. Salvius Aper. In the time of Augustus the Guard was not so important as Egy

ry to the Senate. The concordia ordinum thus achieved was at the same time a consensus Italiae, for it represented a coaliti

es a part of it; the bond of unity was organic and grew stronger with time . The votes of confidence of the municipia had bee

he ambitions of earlier Roman politicians, practised since immemorial time but now embracing a whole empire, to the exclusio

Asia and even the kings of the East would enter the imperial Senate, time and circumstance would ordain. 1 Over all the w

that of the Julii. Supplying a preponderance, perhaps already in the time of Augustus, of the recruits for the legions of t

two rulers will be explained in large measure by circumstances by the time Augustus acquired sole power, the Revolution had

me of its maladies at least no juvenile consuls are attested for some time . None the less, in the ordinances of Augustus as

o Gaul and Spain (20-19 B.C.), after a brief sojourn in Rome. For a time the capital city was relieved of the burdensome p

the marshals. Nor will it be forgotten that Taurus was there all the time , with no official standing. 1 Rome was glad whe

gence before the war of Pompeius and Caesar. He persevered for a long time , hardly ever admitting a suffect consul. After 19

east, when four or five large commands already existed. 4 It was some time before their number increased through division of

econd husband Barbatus died in his consulate. PageBook=>379 As time went on, more and more aristocratic families were

een reduced again in the wars, being represented in the Senate at the time of Actium by not many more than twenty members. T

of the Roman constitution: his influence, checked no doubt for a long time by Augustus, may be detected in the frequent prom

spus. The great minister also adopted his friend’s son, who became in time the husband of two princesses of the blood of Aug

Influences more secret and more sinister were quietly at work all the time women and freedmen. The great political ladies of

n very well with his stepmother, whose name he took and carried for a time (ib., 4, 1), and, like his father, was much in de

poison and murder. Her power and her following can be detected in the time of her son, most distasteful to him. Antonius’ da

sulars alive, mostly of no consequence. By the year of Pollio, at the time of the Pact of Brundisium, their total and their

temporary poet. 4 The kingdom of Noricum was annexed about the same time . 5 Then came the turn of Illyricum and the Balkan

yricum; and a new legion, XXI Rapax, was probably enrolled about this time . 2 For this conception of the foreign policy of

dead by now; and Maecenas, no longer a power in politics, had a short time to live. But there was a new generation, the two

lative, were almost without exception praetorian in rank. At the same time , as more senators reached the consulate, sturdy m

To the Senate he had restored no military territories, but only, from time to time, certain peaceful regions, namely the sou

enate he had restored no military territories, but only, from time to time , certain peaceful regions, namely the southern po

n the Princeps himself visited Spain. Two armies still remained for a time in Spain in the two provinces of Ulterior (Lusita

uetonius, Divus Aug. 38. 6 Suetonius, Divus Aug. 38, 2. 7 At this time , they are often, perhaps usually, quaestorian in

ring twenty-five years this man had charge of Moesia, for most of the time with the provinces of Macedonia and Achaia as wel

be, legate of Syria. 8 NotesPage=>398 1 He is attested at some time between 13 and 8 B.C. (Josephus AJ 16, 270), perh

XXIV (1934), 43 ff. Strabo (p. 748) says that he was governor at the time of the surrender of the Parthian hostages, which

ribe of the African desert dwelling to the south of Cyrene. 1 At some time in the twelve years after his consulate Quirinius

long after. 5 Other small groups of consulars were established from time to time, such as an Economy Commission of three m

er. 5 Other small groups of consulars were established from time to time , such as an Economy Commission of three members i

erals by good arts or bad acquired popularity with the troops, and in time even an edict forbidding senators to admit soldie

t entirely at the expense of the Senate. That body even regains for a time the prerogative of coining in gold and silver. 5

at their powers were developed and used, though not frequently in the time of Augustus, cf. J. G. C. Anderson, JRS XVN (1927

s and gradually usurped jurisdiction: to aid him he would summon from time to time a consilium, drawn from personal friends,

adually usurped jurisdiction: to aid him he would summon from time to time a consilium, drawn from personal friends, represe

of State, under Caligula and Claudius: they had been there for a long time . 8 Senators might preside over the treasury, bu

Book=>411 In these matters Augustus required expert advisers. As time went on, knights who had served in the provinces

as no urgent need of him in the East. Augustus wished to remove for a time this unbending and independent character, to prev

be made consul. 2 Augustus expressed public disapproval and bided his time with secret exultation. 3 In the next year it cam

rumour and private intrigue. As the family circle of Augustus at one time comprised no fewer than three pairs of women bear

which cannot be proved. As perhaps with certain other families in the time of Augustus, genealogical claims may be tenuous o

end, and the Metelli, soon to fade away, cannot show a consul at this time . 4 Other families dominant in the oligarchy of go

of the new nobility which can show highly eminent connexions at this time : the first wife of P. Quinctilius Varus was the a

s him as ‘pervicax adulter’, alleging a liaison that went back to the time when Julia was the wife of Agrippa. On the greate

r of a history of the Punic Wars in the manner of Sallustius. 2 The time for such exciting speculations had passed ten yea

ricum, was recalled by urgent messages from his mother. He arrived in time to receive the last mandates from the lips of the

r Augustus had drawn up his last will and testament. 4 About the same time , it may be inferred, three state-papers were comp

feel the full pride of Rome’s imperial destiny empire without end in time and space: his ego nec metas rerum nec tempora

si, ‘genus acre virum’, a tribe small in numbers but renowned for all time in war. In the exaltation of ‘Itala virtus’ Rome

ecially the freedman class, the antithesis of urban and rural at this time in Italy was not complete and exclusive the new p

Hist. 42, cf. 499 f.) rates the social status of the legionary in the time of Augustus far too high. 3 Indirect arguments

1 and Brutus’ father had been besieged at Mutina by Pompeius. In the time of Augustus, Mediolanium preserved with pride the

that place ever again. When Caesar’s heir entered Rome for the first time , the sun was surrounded with a halo; and the omen

nd benevolence. Few trials of offending governors are recorded in the time of Augustus: one of them reveals what Asia had to

us’, he was well described:1 he seemed a century earlier than his own time . A plain, solid style recalled the earliest annal

stius, too, he turned with distaste from the wars and politics of his time and became a historian. Both writers had practica

’s daughter turned prostitute. 1 It was Cassius who defined for all time the character and capacity of Paullus Fabius Maxi

lasted into the reign of Augustus produced no more consuls after that time . That was not all. To Roman and aristocratic pr

ustice, Antonius and his admiral became the ancestors of emperors. As time went on, the Julii, the Antonii and the Claudii m

e way, through marriage or adoption, with a new consular stock of the time of Augustus, the Aelii Lamiae. 7 The last Lamia w

ustus, the Aelii Lamiae. 7 The last Lamia was consul in 116, by which time that name stood for the bluest blood. 8 The desce

of the reasons, no doubt, for the choice. There were others: at this time there can have been in existence few direct desce

a portent of the future power of Spaniards and Narbonensians. By the time of Caligula, Narbonensis provides two consuls, a

a Marullina, sister, wife or mother of an eminent military man of the time , whose name is missing (CIL XII, 3169). PageBoo

itical, justice less a matter of partisan interpretation. At the same time , however, a new scourge arose which, for the aris

ege of freedom and submit to strict government as in the beginning of time : nam genus humanum, defessum vi colere aevum, ex

among the nobiles there can have been few genuine Republicans in the time of Augustus; and many of the nobiles were inextri

nced an intention of writing in his old age the history of that happy time , when freedom of thought prevailed and freedom of

a pillar of the Roman State and secure himself, though married for a time to Lollia Paullina, and the venerable L. Volusius