controversial opinions quite nakedly, without hedging and without the support of elaborate argumentation. Further, the bibliogr

and remembered ramifications of the Roman noble clan won concentrated support for the rising politician. The nobiles were dynas

ish to sell his estates: yet he required ready cash at every turn, to support the dignity of his station, to flatter the popula

Rome were usually impoverished or idealistic nobles, that they found support in the higher ranks of the aristocracy rather tha

ldiers, helping them by influence to the consulate and claiming their support in requital. From of old the Claudii were the gre

Manilia were Cicero and Caesar, not ceasing to solicit and claim the support of Pompeius even though the one of them turned ag

nus, and perhaps A. Gabinius. 6 For primacy in Rome Pompeius needed support from the nobiles. The dynastic marriage pointed t

n L. Afranius. The other place was won by Metellus Celer, who, to get support from Pompeius, stifled for the moment an insult t

heir potential ally. Now he would have an army of his own in Spain to support his predominance at Rome. The enemies of the dy

ambition, by his acts of arrogance towards other principes and by his support , when consul and proconsul, of the domination of

ith one another and with the Catonian faction. Rising to power with support from the Metelli, though not without quarrels and

r, namely L. Domitius Ahenobarbus and M. Calpurnius Bibulus. To loyal support of Cato, Ahenobarbus and Brutus joined a sacred v

ancied that Pompeius, weakened by the loss of his ally and of popular support , would be in their power at last, amenable to gui

fter long strife against the domination of Pompeius, Cato resolved to support a dictatorship, though anxiously shunning the nam

m, rancorous and incorruptible. A jury carefully selected, with moral support from soldiers of Pompeius stationed around the co

nent consulars, some of whom Caesar won to sympathy, if not to active support , by his studious moderation. To the survivors of

on (Cicero, Phil. 2, 27). PageBook=>052 To rule, he needed the support of the nobiles, yet he had to curtail their privi

by no means a fanatic. 2 As for the tenets of the Stoics, they could support doctrines quite distasteful to Roman Republicans,

up of influential consulars. 1 These prudent men soon refused further support to the rash, self-righteous tribune when he plung

suls and tribunes, paying the debts of needy senators and winning the support of daring agents. There was no scope for talent

es and rivals were waiting to exploit a change. In Egypt Caesar could support a candidate, Cleopatra, against her sister and th

XXXIV (1929), 54 ff.; R. Syme, BSR Papers XIV (1938), 4 ff.; 23 f. To support this view one need not appeal merely to general s

funeral (see the preceding note), it would not prove, though it might support , the view that Antonius intended to cause trouble

the conspirators had not initiated him into their designs. The public support of Cicero would be of inestimable value after a r

ular cult of Caesar at Rome: it was hoped that he might be induced to support the Liberators. 1 Further, attempts were made to

and in Bithynia, only two in the Cisalpina. For the rest, the only support in the provinces was distant and negligible the p

le L. Munatius Plancus. For self-preservation, Antonius must build up support for the settlement of March 17th and the legislat

account. His primacy depended upon a delicate equilibrium between the support of the Caesarian interests, especially plebs and

When L. Piso spoke, at the session of August 1st, there was no man to support him. Of the tone and content of Piso’s proposal t

that certain intimate friends of the dead autocrat at once lent their support and devotion to his son and heir. Loyalty could o

us holding the Cisalpina and cutting off Antonius from the precarious support of Lepidus his ally, from the even less dependabl

on November 10th. He had hoped for a meeting of the Senate and public support from senior statesmen. In vain his backers were t

cy. With Antonius out of the way a Republican faction, relying on the support of anomalous allies and illicit armies, attempted

astute politician above, p. 19. In politics the son was able to enjoy support from Pompeius and Caesar, as witness his proconsu

The diversion of public funds was not enough. Octavianus also won the support of private investors, among them some of the weal

ctavianus needed the Senate as well. He hoped to win sympathy, if not support , from some of the more respectable Caesarians, wh

e pair made a secret compact with Cicero, Cicero to provide political support for Octavianus while enjoying the protection of h

among the Liberators, as the congress at Antium showed, or any armed support from the provinces. Early July brought well-authe

Piso, he learned, had indeed spoken in the Senate but with nobody to support him. The sanguine hopes of a concerted assault on

or statesmen. Without armed aid from the provinces, or at least loyal support from the provincial governors, usurpation of powe

g the Aemilia towards the west, making for Gallia Narbonensis and the support of Lepidus and Plancus, assured to him a month ea

f persons and interests, it was likely that Antonius would regain the support of Lepidus and Plancus. Antonius and the Liberato

f the results thereby achieved, in hoping that Octavianus would still support the constitutional cause now that it had become f

y, for Octavianus the consulate. The latter request they were able to support with a wealth of historical precedents of a famil

t for war but faithful to the end. 4 At Athens he found a welcome and support among the Roman youth there pursuing the higher e

admiral Ahenobarbus, whose fleet controlled the Adriatic, and won his support for Antonius. 5 The partnership in arms of the

. PageBook=>215 merely championed his cause and won Republican support , but even raised civil war with a fair prospect o

vors of the proscriptions, of Philippi, of Perusia. With this moral support Antonius confronted his Caesarian rival. For war,

he leadership of the Caesarian party. The young Caesar, strong in the support of the plebs and the veterans, would have to be

ay by treachery and who, by the virtue of the name of Caesar, won the support of the plebs in Rome and the armed proletariat of

me was on his side. For the present, his colleague was constrained to support the war against Pompeius. From his fleet Antonius

oved, and Sex. Pompeius for his part believed that Antonius would not support his colleague. The young man went on with his w

oyal and unscrupulous friends like Agrippa and Maecenas, a nucleus of support already from certain families of the ancient aris

wn town of Velitrae:1 to say nothing of aliens and freedmen, of which support Pompeius had no monopoly, but all the odium. 2 C.

ley of the Save and across the Julian Alps; and an enemy would win no support along or near the coast of Dalmatia. These danger

ributes of gods, and ruling their diverse kingdoms with the hazardous support of mercenary armies. There was fair evidence at h

were tumultuous from pride in their exploits, conscious that by their support the government stood or fell. Grave mutinies brok

ia or by a defeat, constraining the Roman to lean more heavily on the support of eastern allies. Antonius set out upon his gr

r of Cato. There remained, however, enough distinguished survivors to support a new combination in the Roman State. The young

ntonius must not be mentioned. To secure Roman sanction and emotional support for the enterprise it was necessary to invent a f

names might convey the guarantee, or at least advertise the show, of support from the Roman aristocracy. 3 For the moment vi

nough: he still lacked the moral justification for war, and the moral support of the Roman People. The charges and counter-char

talian communities to contract ties of personal allegiance and mutual support . 3 When a Claudian faction encouraged a revolutio

esernia in northern Samnium, that the Vinicii could answer for fervid support from the colony of Cales in Campania. 2 Less emin

ad been the gainer: his own conscience was clear. 1 But he refused to support the national movement. Pollio cared for Rome, for

vinces of the West. As in Italy, the military colonies were the chief support of Octavianus’ power; and the local magnates, whe

n his youth Caesar’s heir, the revolutionary adventurer, won Pompeian support by guile and coolly betrayed his allies, overthro

to schematism and a dreary delusion. Augustus proudly dispensed with support of precedents—he claimed to be unique. Romans ins

etain power, however, he must base his rule upon general consent, the support of men of property and the active co- operation o

, 2; ILS 1335 (Magius). The dedication made by the Tarraconenses will support the conjecture that Magius had been a procurator

me, his ambition and his acts had denied the revolutionary leader the support of the nobiles in his youth. Before his marriage

e flagrant dynastic policy of Augustus constrained him to bid for the support of the nobiles. Hence a steady cheapening of the

omote a deserving partisan. Pompeius, however, could not or would not support the Picene intriguer, the loquacious Lollius Pali

ovis praetulit, non sine ratione. ’ The examples which Seneca adduces support his contention, namely Paullus Fabius Persicus, ‘

or unknown to him, may belong here. 2 For evidence and arguments in support of this theory, cf. Klio XXVII (1934), 122 ff.

reshefte XVIII (1915), Beiblatt 51, would not be sufficient or secure support , for it may belong to another L. Piso at a slight

ost serious menace to his rule. On the contrary, it proved his surest support . NotesPage=>419 1 Velleius 2, 100, 1: ‘sen

he great plebeian family of the Domitii boasted a solitary but strong support , not far below monarchic hope. The Marcelli are c

g the aristocracy old and new, built up with such care by Augustus to support the monarchy and the succession of his sons, had

f heirs, the existence of others was precarious. The wealth needed to support the political and social dignity of a senatorial

o two sons of this Piso is so plausible that it can dispense with the support of Porphyrio. PageBook=>461 As was fitting

re worthy to stand beside the achievement of Greece, a twin pillar to support the civilization of a world- empire that was both

ght against Caesar’s heir at Philippi, could not have been invoked to support his Principate without scandal or inconvenience.

y of the nobiles was a fraud as well as an anachronism it rested upon support and subsidy by a military leader, the enemy of th

s, 34; relations with Caesar, 73, 81 f.; afraid of the Pompeians, 73; support Octavianus in 44 B.C., 131; attitude to Antonius,

igin, 237; no descendants, 498. Latium, plebeian families from, 85; support for Liberators in, 101; Augustan senators from, 3