ions, an assertion which his ferocious and proverbial independence of speech and habit renders entirely credible. 1 Pollio,

tia (Plutarch, Caesar 7). PageBook=>026 high assembly. But the speech and authority that won the day was Cato’s.1 Aged

2 Comm. pet. 5, cf. 51. Compare also Cicero’s whole argument in the speech against the land bill of Rullus. 3 Both actions

. 6 Nepos also silenced the consul Cicero and forbade by veto a great speech from the saviour of the Republic. 7 Abetted by

contest. 2 Pompeius Magnus trod warily and pleased nobody. His first speech before the People was flat and verbose, saying no

nduct constancy in purpose and act, independence of habit, temper and speech , honesty and loyalty. Privilege and station impos

Caesarem esse fidemque praestaturum. ’ Compare also a phrase from the speech Pro Bithynis (quoted by Gellius 5, 13, 6): ‘neque

rom the citadel, had made vain appeal to the populace in the Forum. A speech of Marcus Brutus delivered on the Capitol the nex

al, earnest and austere oratory of Brutus. How different, how fiery a speech would Cicero have composed; 2 but Cicero was not

d imposed the respectable pretext of peace and concord. Cicero made a speech , proposing an amnesty. In this simple fashion,

party; and the results may have outstripped his designs. In form, the speech was brief and moderate:1 the audience was inflamm

s perpauca a se verba addidit. ’ An elaborate passionate and dramatic speech of Antonius is recorded by certain historians (es

ent, not merely to deceive; about the same time, Antonius delivered a speech before the People, friendly and favourable to the

vate, had hitherto been couched in a vein of conciliation; his recent speech was held to be distinctly amicable. 1 To their ed

d not see him again for more than three months. The importance of his speech is difficult to estimate: but the stand made by t

Cannutius by name. The exacerbated Antonius then delivered a violent speech , with abuse of the Liberators. This was on Octobe

ly of the People by Ti. Cannutius, the young man delivered a vigorous speech attacking Antonius, praising Caesar and asserting

laudetur, servitutem, honorificam modo, non aspernatur. ’ 4 In the speech Pro Marcello (autumn, 46 B.C.). PageBook=>13

belief that he was in danger of his life, and by the composition of a speech in reply, the pamphlet known as the Second Philip

ly made and easily revoked. More significant and most ominous was the speech delivered in Rome, the solemn oath with hand outs

ive as good as he got he seems to have borne Cicero no malice for the speech In Vatinium. 2 It was a point of honour in a libe

led vigour and indecency by inviting the poet to dinner. 3 Freedom of speech was an essential part of the Republican virtue of

become the ally of a Catilina, NotesPage=>162 1 Phil. 3. In a speech to the People on the same day he states: ‘deincep

enate NotesPage=>167 1 Phil. 5. Something at least of Calenus’ speech can be recovered from Dio (46, 1, ff.). 2 Res G

wn day. But not without rivals: a different conception and fashion of speech was supported and defended by reputable champions

heir departure. But a direct, not to say hard and truculent manner of speech would be well matched with the temper of a milita

e practice of rhetoric: in public, the official panegyric. Freedom of speech could never return. Freedom, justice and honest

or thought. Octavianus moved first. Early in the year he delivered a speech before the Senate, criticizing the acts of Antoni

the consulate which Antonius should have held. Republican freedom of speech now revelled in a brief renascence as though it w

ack, perhaps in hope of peace. 2 Sosius took the lead and delivered a speech in praise of Antonius, with strong abuse of Octav

3 that Antonius had abruptly left a court of law in the middle of a speech by Furnius, the most eloquent of the Romans, beca

subtraham et ero praeda victoris. ’ Charisius (GL 1, 80) refers to a speech or pamphlet of Pollio contra maledicta Antonii.

B.C. as πᾶσαν μὲν ἀρχὴν μᾶλλʋν αἱρʋύμενʋζ αναρξίαζ. Compare Dio, in a speech put into the mouth of Augustus (53, 10, 1): πρῶτʋ

e proconsul of Macedonia. A man of notorious and unbridled freedom of speech , he took no pains to conceal his opinion of the e

apacious, corrupt and subservient to power. Their manner and habit of speech was rustic, their alien names a mockery to the ar

nobilissimum. ’ Cf. Cicero, Pro Balbo, passim. 4 Livy 4, 3, 10 ff. ( speech of the tribune Canuleius); ILS 212 and Tacitus, A

ugustus inexorably read out to a recalcitrant Senate the whole of the speech which a Metellus had once delivered in the vain a

s greeted his capture of Rome in the next year. Cicero in a political speech described his young ally as ‘divinus adulescens’.

bsidies, the populace might still assert for itself the right of free speech , as no order else in the New State. They demonstr

of Augustus’ position when Princeps enabled him to permit freedom of speech as well as to dispense with the most excessive an

ious, defended his ideals in the only fashion he could, by freedom of speech . 3 Too eminent to be muzzled without scandal, too

he snored. 7 Dig. 1, 2, 2, 47. PageBook=>483 His freedom of speech cost him promotion he did not rise above the prae

tus, who came to the court and sat there. 2 He did not need to make a speech . Such was auctoritas. Maecenas and Sex. Appuleius

historian from Patavium than the obvious and trivial comment that his speech showed traces of his native dialect. Pollio himse

f Seianus. Cremutius anticipated conviction by suicide, after a noble speech defending history against oppression and despotis

, 5 (Messalla Volesus). 4 ILS 212 11, 1. 24 f. Commentators on this speech have failed to notice that Persicus was not only

of that happy time, when freedom of thought prevailed and freedom of speech , the Principate of Nerva and the rule of Trajan.

lled for military service, 458. Freedom, see Libertas. Freedom of speech , in the Republic, 149 ff.; an essential part of L

, 377; as a patron of letters, 460, 483; his memoirs, 484; freedom of speech , 482; a supporter of the monarchy, 512; relatives