h. 2 An enemy of Octavianus, Pollio had withdrawn from political life soon after 40 B.C., and he jealously maintained his in

repute. 5 Second and more important by far is that enigmatic faction soon to be led by a man who never became consul. Its o

the earliest consuls after Sulla were old men already, and some died soon or disappeared. 4 Even in numbers there was a poo

tribunes recovered the powers of which Sulla had stripped them. They soon repaid Pompeius. Through a tribune’s law the Peop

public emergency, as for the eastern commands. 1 Transalpine Gaul was soon added. Further, the three rulers designated consu

vigorous orator, began the year as a champion of the government, but soon showed his colours, blocking the long-awaited dis

rceptible. Despite five consulates in twenty-three years, the Metelli soon found that their power was passing. Death took of

controversy. 1 If they were ever clear, debate and misrepresentation soon clouded truth and equity. The nature of the polit

edom from the tribunician veto. Caesar knew that secret enemies would soon direct that deadly weapon against one who had use

ot afraid of vested interests. But Caesar was not a revolutionary. He soon disappointed the rapacity or the idealism of cert

se weighty matters. But Cicero’s hopes of res publica constituia were soon dashed. The Dictator himself expressed alarming o

of the law, the constitution and the Senate; it announced the triumph soon or late of new forces and new ideas, the elevatio

put up by a small group of influential consulars. 1 These prudent men soon refused further support to the rash, self-righteo

made governor of the Cisalpina in 49 (Appian, BC 2, 41, 165). He died soon after. PageBook=>065 Though astute and elu

shed families of that party had not been proscribed; and some rallied soon or late to the Sullan system and the cause of Pom

thinned the enemies of ordered government, and a purge of the Senate soon produced another crop of ‘homines calamitosi’.

n. In Gaul beyond the Alps, the provincia (or Narbonensis as it was soon to be called), there was a chieftain of the Vocon

ne in 57, ‘vir optimus et constantissimus’ (Pro Sestio 76), condemned soon after (Pro Piancio 75), despite Cicero’s defence,

ly more eminent, had not been debarred in that period; and Cicero was soon to witness the consulates of Murena and of Pompei

tors; and not Lepidus only there was P. Servilius his brother-in-law, soon to return from the governorship of Asia. 2 The

a kinsman of Brutus, hence a potential danger. But that province was soon to be stripped of its legions. As for the East, T

ius Caesar’. Further, the official deification of his adoptive parent soon provided the title of ‘Divi Julii filius’; and fr

little moment in the Roman conception of the family, barely known or soon forgotten by the inhabitants of the provinces.

tion towards the assassins, with impunity. The disloyal Caesarian was soon to be brought to book. To maintain power with the

, 7, 1. 4 So Cicero was informed at Leucopetra, near Rhegium, on or soon after August 6th, Ad Att. 16, 7, 1 (August 19th):

areer of the Dictator, however, showed the fabulous harvest to be got soon or late from the cultivation of the plebs and the

hat had been alien to the splendid and patrician nature of Caesar. He soon took the measure of Antonius: the Caesarian soldi

g that his own inheritance was sufficient. 3 His own patrimony he was soon to invest ‘for the good of the Commonwealth’ and

consulars averse from Antonius but unwilling to commit themselves too soon , he kept out of the way. Yet he probably lent a t

moved to celebrate the clemency and magnanimity of the Dictator,4 he soon set to work upon a vindication of Cato, which he

s of abuse and misrepresentation the hardy tribe of Roman politicians soon acquired immunity. They were protected by long fa

e’s, were acting a pretence: they strove for power only. 1 Sallustius soon went deeper in his pessimism. The root of the tro

im from allying with his bitterest enemy to save the State. 5 Plancus soon followed the unimpeachable example of the patriot

secured him a vote of thanks from the Senate. The enemies of Antonius soon entered the competition. One of the earliest acts

t silence. Macedonia was nearer than Syria or Egypt and Macedonia was soon to provide more than rumours. But there is no evi

a, only to find that the consul had succumbed to his wounds; Antonius soon increased his lead, for his army was strong in ca

rom Rome that amply justified his decision: he was to be discarded as soon as he had served the purposes of the enemies of A

s. Antonius might be destroyed hence ruin to the Caesarian cause, and soon to Caesar’s heir. Antonius had warned him of that

the situation; messages may then have passed. A clear indication was soon given. As Octavianus moved up the Flaminia, he in

nt Antonians; 1 M. Silanus, who had carried his messages to Antonius, soon fell away to the cause of the Republic. 2 The oth

rs. 5 As for the islands, it may already have been feared, and it was soon to be known, that some of them had been seized by

cribed remained in Italy, under collusion and protection, or returned soon , saving their lives but making a sacrifice in mon

m. The Caesarian party was fighting the Republicans at Rome as it was soon to fight them in the East. But the struggle was n

the Triumvirate witnessed no fewer than sixty-seven. 1 The Triumvirs soon introduced the practice of nominating several pai

ound holding high command. Of these, T. Sextius and Q. Fufius Calenus soon disappear. Only Antonius and Plancus remain. The

me had held independent command under Caesar: Allienus and Staius are soon heard of no more, but C. Calvisius Sabinus goes s

ugh the front of Cassius and pillaged his camp. Cassius despaired too soon . Unaware of the brilliant success of Brutus on th

the province, was at last overcome and killed. 3 Caesar’s heir would soon be trapped and crushed at last. That way all odds

t Libo whose daughter Sex. Pompeius had married. But Pompeius, as was soon evident, was already in negotiation with Antonius

ouble in Italy, the most disquieting rumours were already current: he soon learned that a new and alarming civil war had bro

he Golden Age is to be fulfilled, or at least inaugurated, by a child soon to be born. The child appears to be something m

dispatched to Bithynia to facilitate the Caesarian compact. 2 Plancus soon followed as governor of the province of Asia; 3 a

e. The complacency of the dynasts and the nuptials of Antonius were soon clouded by disturbances in the city of Rome. The

nary début, had everything to gain by stirring up trouble. Octavianus soon found it advisable or necessary to make war upon

o the mainland. 3 Cornificius rescued the remnants of the fleet. Hope soon revived. His generals, and Lepidus as well, had s

, and Lepidus as well, had secured a firm footing in the island. They soon overran the greater part. Pompeius was forced to

; and he gave public expression to the hope that the Free State would soon be re-established. 2 It only remained for his tri

his generals or active associates seven men who had held or were very soon to hold the consulate, all men of distinction or

us was an Antonian in 44 B.C. (Phil. 3, 26). There is no evidence how soon he joined Octavianus. On his origin, cf. above, p

campaigns in Sicily were advertised not as a civil but a foreign war, soon to become a glorious part of Roman history. In th

at the most, perhaps only one; 2 no Valerii yet, but the Valerii were soon to provide three consuls in four years. 3 No less

in splendour and power. He had probably gone eastwards with Antonius soon after the Pact of Brundisium:1 how long he remain

igns of Caesar; 3 and a certain Cornelius Severus was writing, or was soon to write, the history of the Bellum Siculum as an

e army. 1 Higher estimates can be discovered the failure in Media was soon taken up for propaganda and the survivors were no

oriented now on the line Macedonia-Bithynia-Pontus. The results would soon be evident in the Balkans and on the Black Sea co

eir and the resurgent nation of Italy. Yet, for all that, the contest soon assumed the august and solemn form of a war of id

blican Messalla turned his eloquence to political advantage; 5 he was soon to be requited with the consulate which Antonius

ontier. Octavianus had to wait and hope for the best. His enemy would soon have to make a ruinous decision. Antonius was a

e the chief men of the rival Caesarian faction. Ruinous symptoms were soon apparent, heralding the break-up of the Antonian

disturbed the provinces, the repercussions of a Roman civil war would soon be felt. Some at least of the triumphs soon to be

f a Roman civil war would soon be felt. Some at least of the triumphs soon to be held by Caesarian marshals (no fewer than s

9 and 28. 3 C Norbanus Flaccus, cos. 38 B.C., was proconsul of Asia soon after Actium(Josephus, AJ 16, 171), perhaps for m

ian or Augustan anticipations, probably derives from a source written soon after Actium, as Premerstein argues, Vom Werden u

thereon, clemency, valour, justice and piety. 2 He had founded—or was soon to found—the Roman State anew. He might therefore

ritas. 5 Such old-fashioned libertas was fatally out of place. Murena soon fell a victim to his indiscretion, or his ambitio

n the legal provision. 1 Marcellus might well seem the destined heir, soon to succeed a frail and shattered Princeps. Rumour

heir in name and blood. The sentiments of the Caesarian party were soon made known. The result was a defeat for Augustus

may have been allowed to retain senatorial rank, in name at least. As soon as a census came they would forfeit it, if they h

o Republican prejudices of birth. In the Principate, sons of freedmen soon occupy military posts; 7 and, just as under the R

ims of the capital levy. Though momentarily thinned, their ranks were soon augmented by a surge of successful speculators. B

ad been praefecti fabrum. Under the Principate, however, the position soon declines in importance. PageBook=>356 None

s was established in A.D. 6 (Dio 55, 26, 4), the charge of the Annona soon after: the first praefectus annonae was C. Turran

ler would be impotent to arrest the working of a natural process. How soon and how far it would go beyond Italy, which of th

procurator of Asia, entered the Senate during the reign of Augustus, soon followed by Cn. Domitius Afer, the great orator f

need of aristocratic adherents. The advantageous matrimonial alliance soon showed its effects Ap. Claudius Pulcher and M. Va

The abandoned scoundrel ‘per omnia gladiatori quam senatori propior’ soon paid the penalty for his popularity and his temer

er two marriages: from the first, C. Marcellus and two Marcellas, who soon became available for matrimonial alliances, from

rried Paullus after the death of his wife Cornelia in 16 B.C. He died soon after and her second husband Barbatus died in his

for a timely loan when the Civil War broke out. 4 But the Triumvirate soon blotted out the memory of Caesar’s generosity and

in the court life of the ruler of the Julio-Claudian house. A court soon develops, with forms and hierarchies. The ruler h

the constitutional powers and the effective position of Agrippa were soon augmented in a measure that none of the agents of

hat, he received a share in the tribunicia potestas. 2 The deputy was soon on his travels again and back at his work. After

Antonius and Octavianus competed to adorn the city of Rome. Augustus soon after Actium set about restoring temples; and the

careful supervision at first and then the abolition of free election soon diminished the personal influence of the nobiles.

for the passing of his laws. But the practice of comitial legislation soon decays: senatus consulta then became common, grad

tle part of the personnel, for the names of Balbus, Oppius and Matius soon emerge in the entourage of the young adventurer.

of new taxes in A.D. 6, the institution of the aerarium militare and, soon after, of the cura annonae. 2 Tacitus, Ann. 1,

lla were available to give advice; while Silius, Lollius and Vinicius soon gained experience in the frontier provinces, the

w monarchic hope. The Marcelli are close to the end, and the Metelli, soon to fade away, cannot show a consul at this time.

llius had suffered at the hands of raiding Germans a trifling defeat, soon repaired but magnified beyond all measure by his

But there were many other towns in Spain and Gallia Narbonensis that soon might send to Rome their local aristocrats, well

ssons of history’ in a vivid and convincing form. An excellent source soon became available, no less than the biographical m

n provinces when they were reconquered from Antonius. Later at least, soon after the territory of Paphlagonia was annexed to

Coerced through official repression, or tainted by servility, history soon decayed and perished. ‘Magna illa ingenia cessere

ina, taken away from P. Memmius Regulus by Caligula (Ann. 12, 22) and soon dropped by him: willing to marry Claudius, Ann. 1

t for long. Africa and the eastern lands are pressing rapidly behind, soon almost to overwhelm Italy and the western provinc

ntly shown, may be appropriated by any faction and any government: it soon went the way of Pax and became Libertas Augusta.

of the Republic and inherent in the New State from the beginning, was soon formulated, with its own exemplars and its own ph