e sat in the Senate of Rome and governed provinces; new-comers to the senatorial aristocracy, they all became deeply imbued with t

Crassus. But the wealth of knights often outstripped many an ancient senatorial family, giving them a greater power than the nomi

wer than the nominal holders of dignity and office. 4 Equestrian or senatorial , the possessing classes stood for the existing or

. Scribonius Curio (cos. 76), a man of capacity and repute, came of a senatorial family that had not previously reached the consul

the Sabine land. 3 The bulk of Pompeius’ personal adherents in the senatorial and equestrian orders derived, as was fitting, fr

>063 1 For example, the young Q. Cornificius (Catullus 38), of a senatorial family: he married a step-daughter of Catilina (A

s, varying widely in social distinction nobiles, members of reputable senatorial families that had not reached the consulate and s

tion of ‘Gaul’. Catullus’ family would perhaps have been eligible for senatorial rank, if not Virgil’s as well. Among Caesar’s nom

is maternal grandfather from Nursia. 5 Attempts were made to create a senatorial and even a patrician pedigree for certain Octavii

ped by the Metelli. For merit and military service he might enter the senatorial order under their protection: they never fancied

in a torn and discordant land. Pompeius’ son inherited: he secured senatorial rank or subsequent promotion for partisans such a

gns. 5 Nine consuls took office in the years 48–44 B.C., all men with senatorial rank before the outbreak of the Civil War. Five o

authentic facts, hostile slander and irrelevant information about the senatorial gens Octavia. Augustus in his Autobiography saw n

d the public invectives which designate, with names and epithets, the senatorial partisans of Antonius as a collection of bankrupt

om he had seduced from the consul. 3 These were the earliest of his senatorial associates and (except for C. Rabirius Postumus)

er was presumably an equestrian officer (Bell. Al. 31, 3) promoted to senatorial rank by Caesar. He commanded the legio Martia for

ts recognition as Caesarian leader beside Antonius, only eight men of senatorial rank can be discovered among his generals and the

ro’s proposal, Phil. 5, 46. PageBook=>168 be invoked to confer senatorial rank upon a private citizen. It had not been done

ntii were an opulent family at Atina, a Volscian town, perhaps not of senatorial rank. 3 A large number of local aristocrats suppo

years and military experience. His example showed that the holding of senatorial office was not an indispensable qualification for

ll the marshals of the Revolution. Like Balbus, he had held as yet no senatorial office the wars had hardly left time for that. Bu

BC 5, 66, 277. PageBook=>222 watched. As far as concerned the senatorial and equestrian orders, the primacy of Antonius se

ters or, failing such, impaled. Certain of the adherents of Pompeius, senatorial or equestrian in rank, were put to death. 2 After

n the revolutionary faction. The Peducaei were a modest and reputable senatorial family, on terms of friendship with Cicero, Attic

initely attested, were the first members of their families to acquire senatorial rank. The admirable D. Carfulenus, one of the cas

rious, but Calvus was a nobilis and Cornificius was born of reputable senatorial stock. The rest all came from the province of Gal

n rhetoric, must have been a man of some substance if he could secure senatorial rank for two of his sons. 4 CIL 12, p. 77. 5

original division (p. 840), Gallia Narbonensis as well as Baetica is senatorial . Syria at this time was simply the Antonian provi

in; 2 none of the others had consular ancestors—if their parents were senatorial at all, they were obscure and low in rank. These

r down to 23 B.C.; he therefore possessed a voice in the direction of senatorial debate and public policy, a vague and traditional

pa. That Agrippa at this early date possessed imperium maius over the senatorial provinces in the East has been argued, but cannot

the Alpine lands, as well as in Spain,2 but no serious warfare in the senatorial provinces. But now, as though to demonstrate thei

me of the minor partisans of Antonius may have been allowed to retain senatorial rank, in name at least. As soon as a census came

rty and the existing dispensation), boldly extended the term from the senatorial order to cover every class in society, not shutti

vice. In this way a soldier’s family might rise through equestrian to senatorial rank in two or three generations, according to th

re difficult, being restricted to those in possession of the badge of senatorial birth (the latus clavus) and a certain fortune.

s own existence for the pomp, the extravagance and the dangers of the senatorial life; of which very rational distaste both August

ndalous category. The ancestry of D. Laelius Ballus (cos. 6 B.C.) was senatorial . L. Volusius Saturninus (cos. suff. 12 B.C.) came

te early in the Principate five or six men appear to have begun their senatorial career, coming from the towns of Verona, Patavium

der Augustus, which gave them rank comparable to the consulate in the senatorial career. Two, if not three, provincials were Prefe

nds controlled access to all positions of honour and emolument in the senatorial career, dispensing to their adherents magistracie

magistrate. Her private activities were deep and devious. She secured senatorial rank for M. Salvius Otho, the consulate for M. Pl

e Principate the imperial frontier on the north-east consisted of two senatorial provinces, Illyricum and Macedonia, flanked and g

of consular rank, perhaps Asia as well. Illyricum, as long as it was senatorial , and Macedonia, while it retained legions, can fu

lead native cavalry and to provide for commissariat. Not all men of senatorial rank were untried in active warfare. The proconsu

d behind them. For the rest, young sons of senators, aspirants to the senatorial career, serve as military tribunes, sometimes as

insurgents were overcome. 6 Though incomplete, these annals of four senatorial careers of service are instructive and impressive

n organ that advertised or confirmed the decisions of the government; senatorial rank and the tenure of high office were no longer

ghts had been amongst the earliest friends of Augustus. Some attained senatorial rank. Others, like the modest Proculeius, remaine

st defenders of Libertas were nobles of the plebeian aristocracy; the senatorial historians Sallustius, Pollio and Tacitus, whose

s. The wealth needed to support the political and social dignity of a senatorial family imposed a rigorous limit upon its size. Au

for husbands and fathers in the shape of more rapid promotion in the senatorial career, with corresponding restrictions on the un

7 Like his kinsman, C. Propertius Postumus, he might have aspired to senatorial rank. PageNotes. 466 1 Propertius 3, 22, 17.

νϵν διχοσταίας . PageBook=>517 Libertas, it was widely held in senatorial circles, should be the very spirit of the Princip

., 82; in 44 B.C., 110; in the Triumviral period, 189, 213, 233; as a senatorial province, 314, 326 f., 330, 394; wars under Augus

f., 365, 476, 490, 506; in the Triumviral period, 223, 259 ff.; as a senatorial province, 328, 394, 395; worship of Augustus, 473

ff.; relations with the Senate, 313 ff., 370, 406, 408, 410 f.; with senatorial provinces, 314, 330, 336, 394 f., 406; administra

f., 350. Bithynia, allotted in 44 B.C., 103; under Antonius, 266; a senatorial province, 328; governors, 103, 111, 217, 220, 266

, allotted to the Liberators, 119, 126; liberated by Antonius, 272; a senatorial province, 328. Cupra Maritima, 31, 92, 473. Cur

icum, in the provincia of Caesar, 47; campaigns of Octavianus, 240; a senatorial province, 314, 315, 329 f., 394; taken by the Pri

; in the Triumviral period, 222 f., 266; campaigns of Crassus, 308; a senatorial province, 314, 315, 328 ff.; taken by Augustus, 3

0; poetry, 342; style, 484; defends Sex. Appuleius, 483; disdains the senatorial career, 359; decline and death, 409, 412; his wif

ff., 394; consular and praetorian, 326 ff., 393; Augustus’ control of senatorial provinces, 382, 406; provinces taken over by Augu

al family, 83. Sardinia, in the Triumviral period, 189, 213, 216; a senatorial province, 328; taken over by Augustus, 357, 394,

seized by Sex. Pompeius, 189; conquered by Octavianus, 230 ff.; as a senatorial province, 328, 405. Silanus, see Junius. Silii,