Republican spirit. That was tradition, inescapable. The Roman and the senator could never surrender his prerogative of liberty

nce in their own right, exercising a power beyond the reach of many a senator . Of such dominating forces behind the phrases and

command in Africa against Marian remnants and triumphed, though not a senator , adding ‘Magnus’ to his name. After supporting Le

une from his control. Four years before, Pompeius had not even been a senator . The decay of the Republic, the impulsion towards

n Cafo, JRS XXVII (1937), 135, though it is not certain that he was a senator . 2 Suetonius, Divus Iulius 80, 2: Gallos Caes

ilius Saserna, can be distinguished, of whom the first at least was a senator (Münzer, P-W VII, 2512 ff.). If the scholiast Por

neer from Hispalis thrown to wild beasts (Ad fam. 10, 32, 3). Another senator from Spain may be Titius, Bell. Afr. 28, 2, cf. M

sely which worthy nonentities owed admission to the Dictator. Between senator and knight the cleavage was of rank only. The gre

ή⍴ιoν ἀναĸ∊λ∊ƞµένoς. No evidence, however, precisely when he became a senator . 3 ILS 8888. Cf. above, p. 28, n. 1. 4 Above,

PageBook=>089 received more active assistance. 1 Atina’s first senator was very recent. 2 But Tusculum, and even Atina,

presumably Umbrian or Etruscan. 4 Pansa came from Perusia,5 but was a senator already. The Sabine country, a land of hardy demo

gni have to wait a generation yet, it is true, before they can show a senator ; 4 the leading families of the Paeligni and Marsi

nr. Sulmo of the Paeligni, but not his home, for the first Paelignian senator comes later (ILS 932). Perhaps Marsian, cf. the n

cenum; and a Picene Herennius, presumably his grandson, turns up as a senator and consul in the revolutionary period. 2 Most fa

(1938), 23 f. C. Vibienus (Pro Milone 37) and the one-legged Pompeian senator Sex. Teidius (Asconius 28 p. 32 Clark, cf. Plutar

ll the virtues. 2 He married Atia, the daughter of M. Atius Balbus, a senator from the neighbouring town of Aricia, and of Juli

uestri familia ortum se scribit vetere ac locuplete, et in qua primus senator pater suus fuerit’ (ib. 2, 3). For a tessera of h

plea of the consular L. Julius Caesar, the uncle of Antonius, an aged senator of blameless repute and Republican sentiments. Pa

genarian Samnite, who survived the Bellum Italicum and became a Roman senator , now perished for his wealth; 5 so did M. Fidusti

C. Calvisius Sabinus (cos. 39 B.C.), one of Caesar’s officers and a senator before the assassination, was a loyal Caesarian,

il, Aen. 8, 684. 3 Salvidienus had been imperator before becoming a senator (BMC, R. Rep. 11, 407). Q. Laronius is ‘imp. II’,

as the art was practised in the classical manner of the Roman and the senator , archaic yet highly sophisticated, sombre but not

, a Cato, a Calpurnius, was so patently the pride and monopoly of the senator that it was held a matter of note, if not of scan

ld be impugned in his lifetime for posthumous dispositions. Already a senator of unusual independence had openly derided the re

Octavianus himself assumed the title traditionally pertaining to the senator foremost in rank and authority, that of princeps

sprung from ancient and dynastic stock in Etruscan Ferentum, became a senator under Augustus. 4 P. Vitellius from Nuceria won d

land, served in the army as an equestrian officer:6 his son became a senator , his daughter married the tax-gatherer T. Flavius

., 2877 f.; in Istria, ib. 3060. 3 P. Silius Nerva was the son of a senator of the preceding generation, praetorian in rank (

inted, precisely when he had every reason to expect the right kind of senator : equestrian distaste for public life and for poli

d to serve the Roman People. He might have become a lawyer, a Roman senator , a provincial governor: he preferred to be a fash

red the distinction, proudly recorded on his tomb, of being the first senator from all the Paeligni. 4 NotesPage=>363 1

ic Dialects 1, 246, no. 225). 4 ILS 932: ‘is primus omnium Paelign. senator | factus est et eos honores gessit. ’ PageBook=

e proconsulate of Africa and a triumph, the last ever celebrated by a senator . Moreover, Junius Gallio, an opulent rhetorician

f its existence the faction of Caesar’s heir numbered hardly a single senator ; in its first years, few of distinction. What mor

and P. Silius married the daughter of a respectable municipal man, a senator of praetorian rank. 2 But Titius secured Paullina

=>384 The next generation was Caesarian. His father’s brother, a senator , supported Agrippa in prosecuting the assassin C.

alla (Propertius 3, 12, 1, cf. 38), may surely be identified with the senator C. Propertius Postumus (ILS 914). 7 Velleius 2,

f auxiliary cavalry. 6 After the quaestorship or the praetorship, the senator might command a legion this post was no innovatio

ice are instructive and impressive. Quirinius was certainly the first senator of his family, so perhaps was Lollius. Silvanus a

2). 7 Suetonius, Divus Claudius 25, 1. PageBook=>405 For the senator no hope or monument of fame was left. Italy by th

ners to give their names to cities, and that was in far Cilicia. No senator might depart from Italy and visit the provinces,

Names persist everywhere while substance changes. Like the individual senator , the Senate as a body preserves dignitas but lose

es was an intriguer as well as an historian; his friend, the affluent senator Lucceius, gave valued counsel; and Balbus was ins

ely noxious. 1 Philosophy studied to excess did not fit a Roman and a senator . 2 Only law and oratory were held to be respectab

ovincial paragons will be set the figure of the earliest Narbonensian senator who attained prominence in Rome, Cn. Domitius Afe

will be a fair inference that Pollio, the eminent consular, like the senator Tacitus more than a century later, was scornful o

23: ‘quem ultra honorem residuis nobilium aut si quis pauper e Latio senator foret? oppleturos omnia divites illos. ’ PageBo

ready been set, the action has begun. Like Sallustius and Pollio, the senator Tacitus, who admired Republican virtue but believ

mong the members of the class that owed everything to the Empire. The senator Helvidius Priscus, the son of a centurion, may ha

independence like Piso. With the Principate comes a change. For the senator , as for the State, there must surely be a middle

between classes. Service to Rome won recognition and promotion for senator , for knight or for soldier, for Roman or for prov

33, 345, 370, 411, 443, 468, 519, 523. Aufidius, T., publicanus and senator , 81. Aufidius Lurco, of Fundi, 358. Augustales,

.; see also Macedonia, Moesia. Barbarius Philippus, escaped slave and senator , 196. Barbatius Pollio, M., quaestor of Antoniu

s Metellus, L. (cos. 68 B.C.), 43. Caecilius Metellus, Q., Augustan senator , 377. Caecilius Metellus Celer, Q. (cos. 60 B.C

ee Fufius. Cales, 90, 193, 194, 289, 362. Calidius, M., important senator , 39. Caligula, jests of, 357 f.; literary prefe

lina, 499. Callaecia, 401. Calpetanus Statius Rufus, C., Augustan senator , 361. Calpurnia, wife of Caesar, 36, 98. Calpur

g of, 260, 301. Capua, 84. Carfulenus, D., equestrian officer and senator , 132, 235. Carisius, P., partisan of Octavianus

m, 31, 90. Cilnii, of Arretium, 83, 129 f. Cispius, M., condemned senator , 81. Citizenship, spread of, 74 f., 79, 86 ff.,

, 325; his enigmatic career, 234 f. Domitius Decidius, Narbonensian senator , 44. Donations, of Antonius, 260, 270, 300 f. D

; under Augustus, 482 ff.; decline of, 487 ff., 507. Fruticius, M., senator from Verona, 363. Fuficius Fango, C., ex-centur

us Papius, C., officer in Egypt, 295. Julius Severus, C., Hadrianic senator from the East, 366. Julius Spartiaticus, C, Greek

amasippus, L., partisan of Marius, 19. Junius Gallio, rhetorician and senator , 367. Junius Montanus, T., equestrian officer w

, 446; Greeks in it, 506. Milo, see Annius. Mimisius Sardus, Post., senator from Umbria, 361. Mindius Marcellus, M., early

, Mamius, Augustan novus homo, 361. Mussidius Pollianus, T., Augustan senator , 361. Mutina, Battle of, 174. Mutina, War of, 1

tte of, 385; palace faction, 386. Palpellius Hister, Sex., Augustan senator , 363. Pannonia, origin of, 437 see also Illyricum

f allegiance sworn there, 288, 473. Papinius Allenius, Sex., Augustan senator , 363. Papirius Carbo, Cn. (cos. 85 B.C.), 16, 2

vinitas, nature of, 485 f. Patavium, 465; total of knights at, 292; senator from, 363; conspirator from, 478; requisitions at

friends and relatives, 384, 466. Propertius Postumus, C., Augustan senator , 384, 466. Proscriptions, 190 ff. Provinces, co

. A.D. 11), 423, 425. Statio principis, 520. Statius the Samnite, senator at Rome, 88, 195. Stendhal, compared with Pollio,

ed by Augustus, 351; new taxation, 352, 411. Teidius, Sex., obscure senator , 94. Temples, built by viri triumphales, 241, 4

civil servant, 514. Titiopolis, in Cilicia, 281. Titius, Caesarian senator , perhaps from Spain, 80. Titius, M. (cos. suff.

cruits from, 456 f.; senators from, 79, 363. Trebellenus Rufus, T., senator from Concordia, 363. Trebonius, C. (cos. suff.

o descendants, 498. Tullius Cicero, Q., 64, 67. Turius, L., obscure senator , 81. Turranius, C. (pr. 44 B.C.), obscure perso

51, 460, 461; his friends, 63, 269. Valerius Catullus, L., Augustan senator , 363. Valerius Flaccus, L., legate of L. Piso i

esus, L. (cos. A.D. 5), murderous proconsul, 477, 511. Valerius Naso, senator from Verona, 363. Valerius Troucillus, C, Narbo

Varius Cotyla, Antonian, 189. Varius Geminus, Q., first Paelignian senator , 363. Varius Rufus, L., poet, 225, 254. Varro,

of Nursia, 83. Vespasius Pollio, equestrian officer, 361. Vestini, senator from 361. Veterans, allegiance of, 15; Sullan,

n, 91. Vibidius, disreputable novus homo, 456. Vibienus, C, obscure senator , 94. Vibii Visci, perhaps from Brixia, 363. Vib

ates, 396. Viri triumphales, 241, 327. Viriasius Naso, P., Augustan senator , 361. ‘Virtues’, cardinal, of Augustus, 313, 33