bition. 3 The patricians continued to wield an influence beyond all relation to their number; and the nobiles, though a wider

framework and the bulk of the governing coalition is revealed in the relations and alliances between that house and two other gr

Hispania Citerior, with help from Caesar (BC 1, 22, 4). On Pompeius’ relations with the Lentuli, below, p. 44. 7 Florus 2, 13,

the winning side for discerning judges like Caelius assessed the true relation between Pompeius’ prestige and Caesar’s war-train

us, the brother-in-law of Brutus. D. Junius Brutus Albinus, a distant relation , had been a legate of Caesar in Gaul. For his ped

s a politician, he now became bewildered, impatient and tactless. His relations with Octavianus did not improve. Neither truste

grudge, no deep-seated cause of an inevitable clash: on the contrary, relations of friendship, to which they could each with just

the revolutionary adventurer. There is a danger, it is true, that the relations of Cicero and Octavianus may be dated too far bac

and deadly technique. As commonly in civil strife and class-war, the relation between words and facts was inverted. 3 Party-den

cero’s fanatical feud against Antonius. Brutus had not broken off all relations with M. Antonius he may still have hoped for an a

s stand as an equal: but the apportionment of power revealed the true relation between the three leaders. After elaborate and

ated in Egypt and reckoned as the beginning of a new era. 1 But the relations of Antonius and Cleopatra were not merely those o

cure enough. Only a few months passed, however, and the crisis in his relations with Octavianus became so acute that Antonius ins

ome. 2 Horace, Odes 1, 37, 21. 3 The unimportance of Cleopatra in relation to Caesar has been firmly argued by Carcopino, An

ough him, to the Roman State. One body of troops stood in an especial relation of devotion to the Princeps. Not only did he poss

tence, their character and their composition must be deduced from the relations between the Princeps and the State and from their

ird. 3 Not three years passed and Gaius was dead. After composing the relations of Rome and Parthia, in the course of the same ye

f Actium: it did not lapse when he became a magistrate at Rome and in relation to the laws of Rome. A similar oath, it may be pr

s of the Empire and recapitulate the sources of his personal power in relation to towns, provinces and kings. The sum of power a

revival of old scandals and the invention of new enormities. Strained relations between the principal members of the government w

uen dis oriundum, tu produxisti nos intra luminis oras. 6 Augustus’ relation to the Roman Commonwealth might also be described

35. Afranius Burrus, Sex., praefectus praetorio, 502. Africa, in relation to Marius, Pompeius and Caesar, 75 f., 82; in 44

07, 131; arrangements about provinces in 44 B.C., 107, 110, 115, 170; relations with the Liberators, 108, 117 ff.; with Octavianu

a, 219; prestige of Antonius, 221 f.; actions in 39–37 B.C., 221 ff.; relations with Cleopatra, 214 f., 260 f., 273 ff., 281; org

ff., 349 f., 357 ff., 501 ff.; see also Nobiles. Armenia, Antonius’ relations with, 224, 265, 270; after Actium, 301; Augustus’

tions, 193; in 42 B.C., 202; in the Cisalpina, 189, 207 f., 252, 462; relations with Virgil, 218 f., 252 f., 460; with Gallus, 75

of his party, 127 ff.,201, 234 ff., 349 ff.; political funds, 130 f.; relations with Cicero, 114, 134, 141 ff., 181 ff.; his posi

f., 326 f., 329 f., 373, 393 ff.; control of elections, 325, 370 ff.; relations with the Senate, 313 ff., 370, 406, 408, 410 f.;

moral reforms, 443 ff. His real power, 2 f., 322 f., 370, 404 f.; in relation to the Roman Commonwealth, 520 ff.; as a party le

er, 288, 322 f., 340, 349 ff., 419 ff., 473 ff. (see also Clientela); relations with the nobiles, 238 f., 291, 328, 368, 372 f.,

origin and name, 90, 93; no descendants,498. Carthage, fall of, in relation to Roman history, 154, 249; wars against Carthage

0 B.C.), 42, 43, 45, 112, 164, 197; neutral in the Civil War, 62, 64; relations with Octavianus, 142, 182; death, 217; character,

Cleon, the brigand, 259. Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, 6, 214, 259; relations with Caesar, 275; donations by Antonius, 260, 270

275; donations by Antonius, 260, 270, 300 f.; her rapacity, 260, 270; relations with Antonius and the problem of their marriage,

pect for, 101, 316; regarded as obsolete in 32 B.C., 285; Augustus in relation to, 314 ff., 520 ff.; a façade, 11 f., 340. Con

ed, 72, 151; great wealth, 77, 381; does not enter the Senate, 80 f.; relations with Octavianus, 114, 131, 133; consulate, 220; a

Octavianus’ arrangements, 300 f.; need for a separate ruler, 347; in relation to the Princeps, 473 f.; to the Empire, 365; Agri

71, 402. Egnatuleius, L., quaestor of Antonius, 126, 132. Egypt, in relation to Pompeius and Caesar, 37, 76; troops in, 111, 1

s, M., proscribed, 195. Financiers, activities of, 14 f., 355, 477; relations with senators, 14; detested by Cato, 26; hostile

ullus, 21; hostile to Gabinius, 67, 149 f.; supported by Crassus, 34; relations with Caesar, 73, 81 f.; afraid of the Pompeians,

ly from Puteoli, 90 f. Granius Petro, Caesarian, 90 f. Greece, in relation to Roman patriotism, 440, 449; and Roman literatu

f., 286 f., 359; aristocracy of, 87, 91 f., 285, 359 ff. Italy, in relation to Rome, 8, 16 f., 49, 82 ff., 86 ff., 208, 244,

mpeius, 8, 33 f.; his consular province, 36; at Ravenna and Luca, 37; relations with Pompeius, 40 ff.; responsibility for the Civ

317 f., 442. His partisans and adherents, 41, 51, 59, 61 ff., 94 f.; relations with the Marian party, 65, 89, 94; partisans amon

ff.; in the East, 262; his legates, 67, 94; secretariat, 71 f., 407; relations with financiers, 52 f., 72 f.; confiscations, 76;

ries Claudia, 45; marries Porcia, 58; his hatred of Pompeius, 27, 58; relations with Caesar, 58; motives for the assassination, 5

tics, 12; connexion with the Metelli, 22, 36; with the Scipiones, 36; relations with Catilina, 26, 60; with financiers, 34, 72;

ius, T., historian, 6; on Camillus, 305; Caesar, 317; Alexander, 441; relations with Augustus, 317, 464; as a ‘Pompeianus’, 317,

ic missions of, 213, 217, 224, 225; in charge of Rome, 233, 292, 298; relations with poets, 242, 253 f., 460, 466 f.; in 23 B.C.,

19, 128, 517. Marcius Philippus, L. (cos. 56 B.C.), 35 f., 62, 197; relations with Octavianus, 114, 128, 134, 142, 147, 164, 16

9, 16, 86, 441, 515; his policy, 86, 94; party, 19, 65, 86, 93 f.; in relation to Italians, 86 f.; and novi homines, 94; relatio

eum, of Augustus, 305, 438, 522. Media, Antonius’ invasion, 264 f.; relations with, 265 f.; and Octavianus, 301. Mediolanium,

or political promotion, 374 ff. Militia equestris, 353 ff., 396; in relation to the municipio, 384, 446; Greeks in it, 506. Mi

f Antonius, 222, 269 f., 282; and Augustus, 368, 379, 419 f., 479; in relation to the consulate, 372 f.; brief renascence, 419 f

Passienus Rufus, L. (cos. 4 B.C.), remarkable novus homo, 93, 362; relations with Sallustius Crispus, 384, 501; proconsul of A

erators, 102; helps Servilia, 102, 192; in the proscriptions, 192 f.; relations with Antonius and Octavianus, 257; deathbed of, 2

tum, 361, 385. Salvius Otho, M., see Otho, the Emperor. Samnium, in relation to Rome, 17, 87 f., 287; impoverished by Sulla, 9

Cicero, 164; quarrels with Cicero, 170, 182; appointed an envoy, 172; relations with Octavianus, 182, 189; his second consulate,

Strabo Libuscidius, Sex., a prodigy of nomenclature, 361. Spain, in relation to Pompeius Magnus, 29, 37, 42, 405; clientela of

on to Pompeius Magnus, 29, 37, 42, 405; clientela of the Pompeii, 75; relations with Caesar, 75; Caesarian partisans, 80; in 44–4

career and consulate, 24 f., 29 f., 32; as a novus homo, 11, 13, 94; relations with publicani, 14; with Cato, 137 f., 146; with

, 114, 141; in the summer of 44 B.C., 139 ff.; attacks Antonius, 123; relations with Octavianus, 141 ff.; policy in 44–43 B.C., 1

o, Cisalpine poet, 251. Valerius Catullus, C., his origin, 74, 251; relations with Caesar, 152; as a poet, 251, 460, 461; his f

consul of Illyricum, 110, 164, 171; his triumph, 197; his origin, 90; relations with Cicero, 144, 152; alleged vices and enormiti

trix, 471. Venus victrix, 67. Venusia, 254. Vergilius Maro, P., relations with Pollio, 218 f., 252 f.; with Maecenas, 253,

publicanism, 343, 413; disliked by nobiles, 344; hates Maecenas, 341; relations with Tiberius, 344; honours declined or accepted,