en 60 B.C. and A.D. 14. It is composed round a central narrative that records the rise to power of Augustus and the establishme

was a long process, not a single act. Sallustius began his annalistic record with Sulla’s death and the rise to power of Pompe

criticism, interpretation, or disbelief) may encourage the attempt to record the story of the Roman Revolution and its sequel,

ere written in an oligarchic spirit. History arose from the inscribed record of consulates and triumphs of the nobiles, from t

many of them obscure or casually known. 1 The remainder have left no record of activity or fame in a singularly well-document

or inferred by politicians of the time, but often evading historical record and baffling posterity. It is manifest in action

orst of reasons. A huge bribe decided C. Scribonius Curio, so history records and repeats but that was not the only incentive,

Hirtius was later to complete the Bellum Gallicum and to compile the record of the Bellum Alexandrinum, with the intention of

or service in his army can be detected. Others, failing contradictory record , may be presumed to owe their status to him, for

er was laborious, but his origin may have been reputable. History has record of a family of Ventidii, municipal magistrates at

albus could keep his counsel,4 and time has respected his secrets. No record survives of his services to Caesar’s heir. After

. 16, 11, 4). 5 This may perhaps be supported by what St. Augustine records about the De re publica (De civ. dei 5, 13): ‘loq

ppear. 5 Two honest men, L. Piso and L. Caesar, lapse completely from record . Philippus and Marcellus had played their part fo

.) was still alive: for the sons and relatives of the others the only record in the years 43–39 B.C. is a Metellus and a Lentu

or or introduced after his death, most of them absent from historical record before 44 B.C. Ventidius and Carrinas lead the pa

Peducaeus, M. Herennius the Picene and L. Vinicius, who have left no record of service to the rulers of Rome but, as sole and

services were diverse and impressive, but barely known to historical record . Octavianus now learned of the danger that had

, 75 ff. Appian (BC 5, 75, 320) mentions the Dardani, but there is no record of any operations against them. The history of Ma

again until he becomes consul for the second time in 40 B.C., with no record of his activity, and governor of all Spain for Oc

the novi homines splendid matches were now in prospect. By chance, no record is preserved of the partners of Taurus, Calvisius

foreign enemies had augmented the aristocracy with a new nobility. No record stands of the sentiments of the nobiles when they

or a career of war and politics, disappearing utterly from historical record to emerge after nine years in splendour and power

s in political mythology. Of the facts, there is and was no authentic record ; even if there were, it would be necessary furthe

ajestic memorial of his own life and deeds. When an official document records voluntary manifestations of popular sentiment und

n. Of the manner in which the measure was carried out there stands no record at all. The oath of allegiance was perhaps not a

3 Of one of the Claudii, presumably the Censor, Suetonius (Tib. 2, 2) records ‘ Italiam per clientelas occupare temptavit. ’ 4

, 78; Sallust, BJ 42, 1: ‘per socios ac nomen Latinum. ’ Sallust also records (ib. 40, 2) how in 109 B.C. the nobiles employed

operations by land and sea of which history has preserved no adequate record . Antonius’ admiral Sosius was defeated by Agrippa

ceded that of Taurus. He is not mentioned at Actium. As for Gaul, Dio records operations of Nonius Gallus (50, 20, 5) and of C.

assertion of imperial NotesPage=>303 1 Appian (BC 4, 51, 221) records that he became governor of Syria. About the date,

him. Some informal exchange of opinion there may well have been. No record would be likely to survive, when an important pub

de disputes of competence, a new regulation was required. No source records any political repercussions of the clash with Cra

The frequency of these appellations in the Silvae of Statius deserves record . 5 Namely ἡγεμών. On the propriety of this term

doubted whether Augustus, his counsellors or his critics scanned the records of the past with so anxious an eye for legal prec

al conception, the Dictatorship and the Triumvirate were blotted from record . 3 This meant a certain rehabilitation of the las

s! 6 Save for that veiled rebuke, no word of Caesar in all the epic record of Rome’s glorious past. Following an inspired vi

erson, only the detachment commanded by Augustus himself has left any record . The campaign was grim and arduous. Augustus fe

s 2, 78, 3; Dio 48, 42, 1 ff. 3 Apart from the Acta Triumphalia, no record of any fighting save when Taurus was there (Dio 5

mention of it is studiously omitted from the majestic and misleading record of Augustus’ own life and honours. The two pillar

ame the enemies of the government found for his behaviour has escaped record . One of them was removed by violence. A certain

B.C., Macrobius 3, 13, II. 2 Cicero, Ad fam. 8, 14, 1. 3 Augustus records that about one hundred and seventy of his adheren

iumphant campaigns (15 B.C.). Silius has almost faded from historical record : the two Claudii, the stepsons of the Princeps, h

4, 20, 2; Strabo, p. 206. 6 Velleius 2, 96, 2 f.; Florus 2, 24. Dio records risings in Dalmatia in 16 B.C. and among the Pann

province or refrained from having a proconsul appointed. There is no record of the title of M. Lollius. 2 Dio 54, 28, I f.,

sty and the State, Augustus and history have paid scant requital; the record of their achievements has been defaced and oblite

promoted to the Senate, like Velleius Paterculus, often had a useful record behind them. For the rest, young sons of senators

and for an almost undisturbed peace on the frontiers. The historical record of the wars of Augustus is fragmentary and capric

wn, other campaigns no doubt have lapsed into oblivion. No complete record exists either of governors of the military provin

Sentius Saturninus. 2 But Syria, though more prominent in historical record , was not the only Eastern province that called fo

ephalous and much-contested elogium from Tibur (ILS 918). This inscr. records the career of a man who was legate of Augustus in

. If they could with accuracy and completeness be recovered, the full record of wars and generals in the north would reveal mo

cy. That was the work of other bodies, which kept and left no written records . Their existence, their character and their compo

as Sallustius who procured the removal of Agrippa Postumus. 1 History records no such acts of public service to the credit of P

ts that he could never discover. Dio was well aware that no authentic record of such momentous transactions was ever published

f and fragmentary, in part preserved only in epitomes; while Velleius records only trouble and disaster for Rome in the absence

in him than that either prudence or consummate guile: his name finds record in no political transactions, intrigues or conspi

ys, the builders of empire. 1 He caused their statues, with inscribed record of their deeds, to be set up in his new Forum, wh

ess acceptable to the Senate. If the later books of Livy with their record of recent and contemporary history had been prese

y regained their property, or at least compensation. History does not record , or legend embroider, any loss sustained by Livy

the Forum stood the mailed statues of military men with the inscribed record of their res gestae, from Aeneas and Romulus in t

have not spoken themselves. They have left no personal and authentic record to show what they thought of the Principate of Au

us refused to help, and it lapsed into a shameful poverty. 1 In the record of disaster and degradation, ‘illustrium domuum a

or the ill fortune that attended upon the progeny of consulars. Their record displays the sharpest of contrasts in fate and du

g tenaciously to the memory of the first beginnings of their art, the record of consulates and triumphs, the elogia of the nob

great men any more: the aristocracy was degraded and persecuted. The record of their ruin might be instructive it was not a h

a break (ILS 1448). PageBook=>515 The Republic, with its full record of great wars abroad and political dissensions at

mmonwealths, lacking that ‘licence which fools call liberty’, left no record in the annals of eloquence. 5 Not so Athens and R

eatres they had erected; their mailed statues and the brief inscribed record of their public services adorned Augustus’ Forum

idents of his career, the achievements and character of his rule. The record is no less instructive for what it omits than for

ring the War of Mutina, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172; disappears from record , 197; his policy defended, 136; character and phi