e most important. Through alliance with groups of financiers, through patronage exercised in the law-courts and ties of personal

nce with Crassus need not alienate Pompeius utterly. Crassus used his patronage to demonstrate that he was still a force in polit

aristocracy: its first consul (in 141 B.C.) had been promoted through patronage of the Scipiones. 4 Subsequent alliances had not

n years after Sulla’s death. Provinces and armies gave resources of patronage and mutual obligation for political ends. Men wen

ed the consular elections for the next two years as well. 2 Despite patronage at home and armed power in the provinces, the asc

of mitigating electoral corruption, but in fact provided resources of patronage for the party in control of the government. Nor w

olitical orators. 5 Caesar’s generosity, revealed in corruption and patronage , knew no limits at all. The most varied motives

of Pompeius in the West and in the East furnished scope for political patronage as well as for military experience. His numerous

4 Suetonius, Divus Iulius 73. The poet may have owed something to the patronage of the Metelli. Celer, Clodia’s husband, governed

in origin. The centurionate was worth having: it could be got through patronage as well as service. 3 NotesPage=>078 1 The

ent against the nobiles and sought to break through their monopoly of patronage . Through alliance with the knights and personal t

ctator, duly surrendered by Calpurnia, Antonius had ample reserves of patronage . Their employment in the first place for his own

cian. He was consul and chief man in the Caesarian faction: power and patronage rested in his hands. Antonius restored an exile b

n abortive proposal to elect a pair of censors (ib. 2, 98 f.) clearly patronage and a means of admitting partisans to the Senate

s, and another agrarian bill, of fairly wide terms of reference. More patronage : L. Antonius the tribune was to be president of a

esence in Italy, the advantageous alliance and the regular control of patronage improved his prospects. Another four years, from

s T. Statilius Taurus (cos. suff. 37); he owed his advancement to the patronage of Calvisius, like himself of non-Latin stock. 3

to wait for some years not many. High priesthoods were conferred as patronage . Before long the marshal Calvisius engrossed two

or desperate ambition. As admission to the Senate and other forms of patronage rested in the hands of the Triumvirs, Octavianus,

ls in the previous year. 3 To distribute consulates and triumphs as patronage to senators, to embellish the city of Rome and to

e best of seasons: Octavianus created new families of that order, for patronage but with a good pretext. 1 Among the consulars

s with the new poets, survived to write verses himself and extend his patronage to others. Under the rule of the Triumvirate he w

a large and well organized political party as the source and fount of patronage and advancement. Such was Caesar Augustus. The

Augustus’ purpose was just the reverse. He controlled government and patronage , especially the consulate, precisely after the ma

of a Roman legion. 5 Military merit might also earn commendation or patronage for a post in civil life, namely the position of

of ‘small-town monsters’,4 lured by ambition and profit, elicited by patronage , bearing the garb and pretext of ancient virtue a

exclude any large body of nobiles from the Senate. But the master of patronage could attach to his cause even the most recalcitr

ast survivor, Caesar’s heir. Engrossing all their power and all their patronage , he conveniently revived the Republic to be used

iles. 2 After seizing power in 32 B.C. Octavianus has sole control of patronage , advancing his own partisans, in 31-29 four novi

ification for ennoblement in the Principate and the real working of patronage . Under the Republic nobility of birth, military s

tion or of election by the People, the claims of birth, influence and patronage had always been paramount. Nobles and above all p

ef men of the Caesarian party attained to the consulate and dispensed patronage in their turn, open or secret. Tiberius, being th

mselves might rank with senators in the New State or even above them. Patronage could therefore follow the reverse direction. The

y. Seianus had brothers, cousins and an uncle of consular rank. 7 The patronage which he could exert would have been formidable e

a connexion with Caenis, a freedwoman of Antonia; 2 and it was to the patronage of the great Narcissus that he owed the command o

ompetition was sterilized and regulated through a pervasive system of patronage and nepotism. Hence and at this price a well orde

favourites, Tiberius and Drusus, commanded armies in their twenties. Patronage was justified in its results and patronage was no

armies in their twenties. Patronage was justified in its results and patronage was no new thing at Rome. Under the Republic th

ird year, like his peers in that generation of nobiles. Privilege and patronage , and admitted as such but not outrageous. To best

SO far the manner in which power was seized and held, the working of patronage , the creation of an oligarchy and system of gover

hren: which meant enhanced dignity for the State and new resources of patronage . In 28 B.C. the Senate entrusted Augustus with th

e behaviour in a society where profit and promotion depended upon the patronage of the government. To say nothing of the patent v

of the Republic the aristocracy guided literature through individual patronage . As in politics, the other classes were susceptib

The Fabii and the Valerii regained distinction and power through the patronage of Caesar and of Augustus. Of the Fabii, Persicus

efect of the Guard, in alliance govern the world for Nero, dispensing patronage and advancement to their friends or fellow countr

vation and standing. As more and more sons of Roman knights passed by patronage into the ranks of the governing class, the convic

the Elder, 292, 356. Annaeus Seneca, L., the Younger, his power and patronage , 502; On monarchy, 516; as a viticultor, 451. A

7 f.; north-Italian, 465; Roman, 440 f.; in military colonies, 478. Patronage , control of, 15, 32, 36, 39, 55, 107, 238, 239, 2

orian Guard, 353, 357; see also Praefectus praetorio. Priesthoods, as patronage , 238, 381 f. Primus, M., proconsul of Macedonia

ia, 330; his consulate, 372; a personal friend of Augustus, 376; his. patronage , 384; long military career, 397, 413; re-emergenc