litary tyranny. If despotism was the price, it was not too high: to a patriotic Roman of Republican sentiments even submission to

f all classes bound in loyalty to the Senate and guided by modest and patriotic principes. 2 Which was harmless enough, had he no

led in the embrace of perfidious allies: or, as he called it himself, patriotic submission to the needs of the Commonwealth. 1 Th

building confronted him, stern and thankless. Without the sincere and patriotic co-operation of the governing class, the attempt

ctical measure. Though Caesar was slain as a tyrant by honourable and patriotic citizens, the acta of the Dictator and even his l

association with the Queen of Egypt were vulnerable to the moral and patriotic propaganda of his rival. Most of that will be coo

ty. So it was to be in the end. But this was no time for an ideal and patriotic appeal. Such were the resources that Octavianus

ofessed, and sometimes followed, with such robust conviction. Piso, a patriotic Roman, did not abandon all care for his country a

ous as well as dishonourable5 they might impair the resolution of the patriotic front. 6 Then war became just and heroic: rather

e the State. 5 Plancus soon followed the unimpeachable example of the patriotic Lepidus, in word no doubt as well as in deed; Pol

had resort to the most impudent sophistries, delivering a solemn and patriotic panegyric upon treason. 1 He demonstrated that if

t declared a public enemy. But Cicero did not abate his efforts. As a patriotic demonstration he proposed on the same day yet ano

. March 6th). PageBook=>173 impair the military fervour of the patriotic front. 1 The project was therefore wrecked. On

cero supported him, with lavish praises for the good offices of those patriotic and high-minded citizens Lepidus and Plancus, but

eace: neither the Senate nor the People approves of them nor does any patriotic citizen. ’5 Lepidus did not forget the insult to

Senate that the Caesarian veterans were on the wane, no match for the patriotic fervour of the levies of Republican Italy. 4 When

arnage was tremendous. With a glorious victory to the credit of the patriotic armies and all the provinces of the East in the h

. But the Senate reduced the bounties so generously promised to the patriotic armies, choosing a commission to effect that salu

bout the country and the life of the farmer in a grave, religious and patriotic vein. Virgil was not the only discovery of Maec

n from alien habits of thought. Inspired by the first beginnings of a patriotic revival, the new taste for history might be induc

mmended. Nor is it to be fancied that all the land rose as one man in patriotic ardour, clamouring for a crusade against the fore

e by money or by moral suasion the levying of ‘volunteer’ armies in a patriotic cause. Cicero’s friends used votes of the colonie

distinctive appellation of ‘Italian’. Within a few years of Actium, a patriotic poet revolted at the mere thought that Roman sold

nd prevailed, imposing upon the strife for power an ideal, august and patriotic character. But not all at once. A conscious and

nasts exerted their influence to induce the municipal senates to pass patriotic resolutions; they persuaded their neighbours, the

rmers. 1 Interest unconsciously transformed itself into righteous and patriotic indignation. Landowners, especially the newly enr

aud that was made to appear above party and politics. The excesses of patriotic idealism and mendacious propaganda revolted both

ce and consensus of all Italy, usurped authority and the conduct of a patriotic war. He proceeded to declare Antonius stripped of

arched under the gods of Rome and the leadership of Caesar, united in patriotic resolve for the last war of all. Hinc Augustus

hey lacked the moral advantage of attack and that stimulating dose of patriotic fervour that had been administered to the army of

e inexpedient to defy, but it was easy to delude, the sentiments of a patriotic people. The disaster of Crassus and the ill succe

tia, thence perhaps into the Senate. It might be conjectured that the patriotic clubs (collegia iuventutis) of the Italian towns

. But was Augustus’ design beneficial to the Roman People? Of that, a patriotic Roman might have his doubts. The New State was fa

l sons of Roman knights, of municipal extraction; and the author of a patriotic epic poem on the fall of Libertas was a colonial

That was excessive. There were other symptoms. Nemausus, a loyal and patriotic city of Narbonensis, cast down the statues of Tib

. Out of the War of Actium, artfully converted into a spontaneous and patriotic movement, arose a salutary myth which enhanced th

table than the conqueror of all the East had ever seen. In a surge of patriotic exaltation, the writers of Augustan Rome ingenuou

f the Republic. To judge by the catalogues of worthies as retailed by patriotic poets, he had to go a long way back to find his f

were banished now from the precincts of the city. 3 The national and patriotic revival of religion is a large topic; and a movem

is gallery of national portraits had already been foreshadowed by the patriotic poets. 2 The Romans were encouraged to regard t

n of his freedmen (CIL XI, 600: Forum Livi). PageBook=>452 The patriotic poet might deplore the seizure of plough-land for

asure imaginary or spurious, the creation conscious or unconscious of patriotic historians or publicists who adapted to Roman lan

n the north there was a new Italy, but recently a province, populous, patriotic and proud of its retention of ancestral frugality

ow, not merely to the foreign and frontier policy of Rome, but to the patriotic pride of Augustus. In dejection he thought of mak

he varied checks and disappointments in Augustus’ policy of moral and patriotic regeneration, the effort had not been in vain: it

Without need of apology and more naturally came the moral, rustic and patriotic vein to the poet Virgil. The Georgics completed (

literary compositions fostered by the government, Livy’s history was patriotic , moral and hortatory. Even antiquarianism had its

es of the propertied classes of the new Italy of the north, which was patriotic rather than partisan. The North, unlike so many p

he politics of Rome, its loyalties were mixed and confused. There was patriotic recollection of the great Marius who had saved It

Propertius. Propertius again, when singing the praises of Italy in a patriotic vein, invokes, not Italy, but the name of Rome:

the earlier generation. But even Propertius was not untouched by the patriotic theme, or the repeated instances of Maecenas. For

teis sueis. 2 When they died, the town council of Pisa gave vent to patriotic grief in lapidary commemoration of inordinate len

mpliment. It was Messalla who proposed in the Senate, with moving and patriotic language, that Augustus should be hailed as pater

ged position. In the Senate he once launched a savage attack upon the patriotic gymnastics in which one of his grandsons had brok

iers, 449, 451; on freedmen, 354; the interpretation of his moral and patriotic poetry, 451 f., 461 f.; his Ode to Pollio, 6, 8;

overnor of Cyrene, 298. Pirates, wars against, 29, 31, 228. Pisa, patriotic town-council of, 418, 472, 519f. Pisaurum, 132, 2

e, 82; his origin and family-god, 83; protects Cicero in 63 B.C., 89; patriotic exertions in 43 B.C., 169 f., 289. Vitellii, of