ll therefore be expedient and salutary to investigate, not merely the origin and growth of the Caesarian party, but also the v

, or descendants of consular houses, whether patrician or plebeian in origin , regarded the supreme magistracy as the prerogati

tin stock, as the name so patently indicates, probably deriving their origin from Picenum, a region where they possessed large

, 23, 14. Against Mithridates: Plutarch, Pompeius 34, &c. For his origin note the dedication nr. Cupra Maritima (ILS 878).

ginning is attractive, cf. JRS XXVIII (1938), 113 ff. About Gabinius’ origin , nothing is known. But his wife Lollia (Suetonius

(cos. 49), cf. Ad Att. 9, 7b, 2; 8, 15a, 2. This is evidence for the origin of Balbus’ gentilicium and for Lentulus’ service

on his side. The new party of the Liberators was not homogeneous in origin or in motive. The resentment of pardoned Pompeian

s not show a conspicuously high proportion. 5 Whatever might be their origin or affiliation, the generals of the Gallic Wars a

ed over to the plebeians long ago but had not forgotten its patrician origin . P. Servilius was a man of some competence: Lepid

he novus homo at Rome was all too anxiously engaged in forgetting his origin , improving his prospects and ingratiating himself

te and standing at least not all centurions were rustic and humble in origin . The centurionate was worth having: it could be g

red members. The incautious acceptance of partisan opinions about the origin and social status of Caesar’s nominees not only l

army from tenants and dependents. 4 Many cities of Italy traced an origin earlier than that of Rome: their rulers could vie

heirs in power, the patricians, themselves for the most part of alien origin . When Alba Longa fell, her gods and her ruling fa

er’Regillanus’ (cf. P-W III, 2663), probably indicates the village of origin of the Claudii. 5 For a Claudius who ‘Italiam p

They did not need to descend to fraud, and they could admit an alien origin without shame or compunction. About the early a

gh they faked a descent from the Sabine Numa (Plutarch, Numa 21). The origin of the Caecilii Metelli is not known. Caeculus, t

n Etruscan name (W. Schulze, ib.). 6 C. Sallustius Crispus’ town of origin is said to have been Amiternum (Jerome, Chron., p

Caesarian general L. Staius Murcus was presumably of central Italian origin ; 7 and the warlike Marsi emerge into prominence,

ty knows Ventidius as a muleteer. 3 His career was laborious, but his origin may have been reputable. History has record of a

ng, some stripped from Pompeius, others not to be closely defined: an origin from the towns of Picenum can be surmised for cer

erved and unedifying end, Appian, BC 3, 98, 409. 7 On Cimber (whose origin cannot be discovered), cf. P-W, VI A, 1038 ff.; o

pirant to Caesar’s power preferred to drop the name that betrayed his origin , and be styled ‘C. Julius Caesar’. Further, the o

of flame shot up and hovered over his head, a royal portent. 2 Of the origin and family of M. Agrippa, friends or enemies have

Agrippa himself preferred to drop it (Seneca, Controv. 2, 4, 13). The origin of it cannot be established: on names in ‘-anius’

held in check. The cause of Caesar’s heir was purely revolutionary in origin , attracting all the enemies of society old soldie

from Velitrae, Octavianus’ own town. 1 Evidence about the names and origin of the adherents of Octavianus in the first years

Agrippa and Maecenas: to the end his faction retained the mark of its origin . A long time passes before any number of senators

e allegation of disgusting immorality, degrading pursuits and ignoble origin the Roman politician knew no compunction or limit

of ancestors, the taint of trade or the stage, the shame of municipal origin . On the paternal side, the greatgrandfather of Oc

station, even the magnitudo animi of the governing class. 4 Municipal origin becomes not merely respectable but even an occasi

heirs in a famous lawsuit. 7 Namely L. Quinctius, of unascertained origin , who perished at sea (Appian, BC 4, 27, 114). 8

ove, p. 82. 5 On the Aelii Lamiae, cf. above, pp. 81 and 83; on the origin of the Vinicii (L Vinicius, cos. suff. 33 B.C., a

al period they could not have competed. Not only aliens or men of low origin and infamous pursuits even escaped slaves could b

with a gentilicium ending in ‘-isius’: non-Latin, cf. ‘Carisius’. His origin is unknown. The dedication ILS 925 (Spoletium) sh

erals and diplomats and secured two consulates:4 they were Umbrian in origin . 5 These were among the earliest to find mention.

of the gentilicium is palpably non-Latin, perhaps indicating Etruscan origin or influence, cf. W. Schulze, LE, 531 ff. Münzer,

is exceedingly rare: Schulze gives no epigraphic examples of it. The origin of C. Sosius is unknown: but observe the Roman kn

1. 6 On whom cf. below, p. 237. Statilius is presumably Lucanian in origin . 7 About L. Caninius Gallus (cos. 37 B.C.) noth

to a year. Salvidienus, the earliest and greatest of his marshals, of origin no more distinguished than Agrippa, was his senio

ageBook=>233 now stood some forty legions diverse in history and origin but united by their appetite for bounties and lan

ry. Of the legionaries of Pompeius a great number, being servile in origin , lacked any right or status: they were handed ove

l. 3, 26). There is no evidence how soon he joined Octavianus. On his origin , cf. above, p. 199 and p. 221. PageBook=>237

their valour in war, to urge that many of the upstarts derived their origin from ancient families among the aristocracies of

he melancholy austerity of a moralist and a patriot. In assigning the origin of the decline to the destruction of Carthage, an

who wrote epigrams, elegies and an epic, were probably now alive. The origin of these poets was diverse. Lucretius stands soli

describes him as ‘cos. des. ’ and ‘proconsul’ (probably of Asia). The origin of Titius is unknown possibly Picene, cf. CIL IX,

LS 895); and Sex. Appuleius was patron of that town (ILS 894). On the origin of the Vinicii, cf. above, p. 194. 3 Note, in t

0 ff.) deduced from the gentilicia of a number of soldiers of eastern origin the fact that they were given the Roman franchise

how and when he pleased. One thing could never change, the source and origin of his domination. When a faction seized power

were the very reverse of exclusive, recalling with pride their alien origin . In politics the Claudii, far from being narrowly

id rewards of a revolutionary age. Obscurity of birth or provincial origin was no bar. Of the great plebeian marshals a numb

m the hands of Italy’s leader the restored Republic did not belie its origin and cannot evade historical parallel. It was a fo

r hundred million sesterces. 5 The army still preserved traces of its origin as a private army in the Revolution. Not until A.

in others the family-name, by root or termination, betrays non-Latin origin . One even bears an Umbrian praenomen; and men wit

icium of C. Calpetanus Statius Rufus (PIR2, C 236) points to Etruscan origin (Schulze, LE, 138). Post. Mimisius Sardus certain

ufus, ‘infima natalium humilitate’, probably came from Picenum. 2 The origin of M. Lollius and of P. Silius is unknown. 3 A

citus, Ann. 12, 22). 4 Namely the poet C. Valgius Rufus, of unknown origin . The father-in-law of P. Servilius Rullus (tr. pl

een ‘equestris ordinis princeps’. Nothing definite is known about the origin of Q. Haterius, C. Caelius and Q. Fabricius, suff

be taken to commend and justify, but they do not explain in root and origin , the acts of Caesar and of Augustus. In granting

elf of a municipal family, was true in character and in habits to his origin ; Roman knights were among his most intimate frien

mong the party-chieftains. NotesPage=>413 1 Which explains the origin of Narbonensis (the high road to Spain), Macedoni

that Cinna was consul in A.D. 5 may have had something to do with the origin of the story, as well as explaining Dio’s date. Y

out of usurpation. It never forgot, it never entirely concealed, its origin . But the act of usurpation could be consummated i

was Tiberius Augustus had never been. Though the nobiles despised the origin of Augustus, remembered his past and loathed his

ith L. Calpurnius Piso And L. Volusius Saturninus. 5 For details of origin about these novi homines, see above, p. 362 f. Fo

tial divinities of Nile. 2 Phoebus, to be sure, was Greek in name and origin . But Phoebus had long been domiciled in Latium.

n nationalists. Augustus himself came of a municipal family. To his origin from a small and old-fashioned town in Latium cer

as Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam. 3 To this identity in origin and sentiment with a large class in Italy Augustu

wealthy freedman from Venusia. Virgil and Livy had a more respectable origin . Whatever racial differences the curious or the u

x Augusta could not be dissociated from Victoria Augusti. The martial origin and martial virtues of people and dynasty were fi

ters of the government. The pearls of Lollia Paullina had a notorious origin . 5 Lollius’ disgrace was due to a political error

ccessful war for liberty against the legions and colonies of Rome. In origin , the Roman colony was a military station. In Ital

etty superstitions which the Princeps had imported from his municipal origin . The person and character of Augustus and of hi

id not go unscathed. This man, an able and vigorous orator of obscure origin , resembling a gladiator in appearance,8 was hated

us. 3 Hadrian, his nearest kinsman, followed, then Antoninus Pius, in origin a Narbonensian from Nemausus. Even had Antoninus

r Caligula, cos. 11 46, and Cn. Domitius Afer, cos. suff. 39. 2 The origin of Burrus is revealed by ILS 1321. It is no accid

Avitus, see above, p. 502, n. 2; for Curtius Rufus, Ann. 11, 21. The origin of Verginius Rufus is made reasonably certain by

ment, has been at work here, eager to enhance or to invent an obscure origin , a repulsive character and evil deeds against the

ia, L. (cos. A.D. 3), 362, 436, 437. Aelius Seianus, L., family and origin , 358, 384; improperly derided by Tacitus, 358; hi

nia, 289. Afranius, L. (cos. 60 B.C.), 5, 31, 35, 45, 94, 163, 498; origin and career, 31 f., 396 f.; his consulate, 33, 3

novus homo, 79, 93, 498; in the Cisalpina, 235; as a jurist, 245; his origin , 79, 235. Alfidia, mother of Livia Drusilla, 35

us, M. (cos. A.D. 104), 500. Asinius Pollio, C. (cos. 40 B.C.), his origin , and career, 5 f., 91 f.; his allegiance, 5, 121,

Lurco, of Fundi, 358. Augustales, 472. Augustus, the Emperor, his origin and political début, 112 ff.; demagogic activitie

tivities, 11 6 ff., 119 f.; his first march on Rome, 125 ff., 141 f.; origin of his party, 127 ff.,201, 234 ff., 349 ff.; poli

ius, Nervian, 475. Baetica, not a province in 27 B.C., 326; date of origin , 395. Balbus, see Cornelius. Balkans, Roman con

22, 36, 43. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, Q. (cos. 52 B.C.), his origin and character, 36, 40, 45; his consulate, 40; kil

, C. (cos. suff. 4 B.C.), 362. Caelius Rufus, M., parentage of, 63; origin , 88; defended by Cicero, 150; feud with Ap. Pulch

ntonius, 283; in Spain, 292, 302 f.; repairs the Via Latina, 402; his origin , 199; descendants, 499 f. Calvus, see Licinius.

of Actium, 294, 296 f.; death, 300, 480; his remarkable career, 397; origin and name, 200 f.; no descendants, 498. Caninius

90, 111, 188, 199, 234, 327; in Spain, 213; in Gaul, 292, 302 f.; his origin and name, 90, 93; no descendants,498. Carthage,

, from Gades, 44, 97, 106, 142, 144, 147, 235, 250, 292; his name and origin , 44, 72, 75; career, 72, 355; activities for Caes

os. A.D. 10), 377, 434, 437. Cornelius Gallus, C, from Forum Julii, origin of, 75, 79; as a poet, 252; his mistress, 252; hi

x, misses the consulate, 377. Cornelius Tacitus, the historian; his origin , 490; as a traditionalist historian, 5, 8, 420; h

44; proconsul of Africa, 239, 292; rebuilds temple of Diana, 402; his origin , 237. PageBook=>545 Cornificius, Q., Caesa

truria, 82 f.; propertied classes, 89; Roman noble houses of Etruscan origin , 85 f.; Etruscan nomenclature, 93, 129 f., 362.

consular son, 498; alleged vices, 149; his character defended, 66 f.; origin , 31, 92. Gadara, 150, 385. Gades, 72, 75, 80,

death, 174; his character and activities, 71; writings, 71, 148, 460; origin , 95. Hispalis, 70, 75, 80. Hispania Citerior,

552 Labienus, T., legate of Caesar, 31, 90, 94, 163, 178, 396, 397; origin and allegiance, 31, 88; his tribunate, 32; attack

3 B.C.), novus homo and admiral of Octavianus, 200, 237 f., 242, 328; origin , 237; no descendants, 498. Latium, plebeian fam

21 B.C.), 236, 329, 362, 372, 392, 397, 413, 417, 452, 477, 509; his origin , 362; his career, 398; in Galatia, 338, 398; in M

376; in Sardinia, 213, 216; at Actium, 297; wealth, 380. Lusitania, origin as a province, 395. PageBook=>554 Lusus Tr

9; decline and death, 409, 412; his wife Terentia, 277, 341; name and origin , 129. Maecenas, L., 129, 132. Magistracies, a

ithridates the Great, 17. Mithridates of Pergamum, 76, 262. Moesia, origin of, 373, 394, 400; legates of, 399, 400 f., 436,

s priest in Caria, 404; his character, 165, 511; rehabilitation, 511; origin of his family, 95, 283. Munatius Plancus Bursa,

renas, L. (cos. suff. 36 B.C.), Caesarian partisan, 64, 111, 199; his origin , 92; descendants, 500. Nonius Asprenas, (L.), f

ion, 386. Palpellius Hister, Sex., Augustan senator, 363. Pannonia, origin of, 437 see also Illyricum. Pansa, see Vibius.

, M. (cos. suff. A.D. 9), Samnite, 363, 434, 452. Paquius Scaeva, P., origin and pedigree, 361; in Cyprus, 406. Parma, 95. P

eath, 61. Perperna, M. (associate of Sertorius), 129. Perusia, as origin of Pansa, 90; War of, 207 ff., 213; sack of, 211

artisan of Sex. Pompeius, 228, 232. Plotina, wife of Trajan, 415; her origin , 502. Plotius Plancus, L., proscribed, 193. Plo

ina, from Nemausus, 502. ‘Pompeianus’, meaning of, 317, 464. Pompeii, origin of, 28. Pompeius, Cn. (cos. suff. 31 B.C.), 279

er, Q. (pr. A.D. 15), 367. Pompeius Magnus, Cn. (cos. 70 B.C.), his origin and early career, 28 ff.; position in 62 B.C., 30

novus homo, 362, 434; legate of Moesia, 397, 437; his daughter, 499; origin , 362. Poppaeus Secundus, Q. (cos. suff. A.D. 9)

75, 289, 305; in the Principate, 459 ff. Propertius, Sex., 252; his origin and poetry, 466 f.; on Cornelia, 467; friends and

83, 90, 361. Salassi, conquest of, 329. Sallustius Crispus, C., his origin , 90, 420; tribunate, 66; expulsion from Senate, 6

. Salvidienus Rufus, Q., 93, 95, 121, 132, 184, 201, 202, 350, 355; origin and name of, 129, 220; in the Perusine War, 209 f

proconsul of Illyricum, 329, 390, 429; as a friend of Augustus, 376; origin , 362; his wife, 379; descendants, 435, 500. Sit

2 B.C., 276, 278, 327; at Actium, 295 ff.; as a survivor, 349 f.; his origin , 200; his daughter, 498. Sosius, Q., incendiary

iberators, 171; as an admiral, 202, 206, 210; his fate, 199, 227; his origin , 91. Statilia Messallina, wife of Nero, 499. St

2; at Rome, 372; praefectus urbi, 403 f.; his career in general, 325; origin , 237; wealth, 380 f.; connexions, 379, 425; desce

with Gaius Caesar in the East, 429; loyal to Tiberius, 429, 434; his origin , 362; wealth, 381; patrician wives, 379; connexio

Actium, 297; perhaps proconsul of Illyricum, 330; in Macedonia, 391; origin , 363; wealth, 382. Tarquinii, 18, 55, 59, 85. T

502. Valerius Cato, Cisalpine poet, 251. Valerius Catullus, C., his origin , 74, 251; relations with Caesar, 152; as a poet,

sul, 94; proconsul of Illyricum, 110, 164, 171; his triumph, 197; his origin , 90; relations with Cicero, 144, 152; alleged vic

randfather of Velleius Paterculus, 383. Velleius Paterculus, C, his origin , 360; military service, 356, 360, 428; family, 38

88. Ventidii, of Auximum, 92. Ventidius, P. (cos. suff. 43 B.C.), origin and early career, 71, 92; a ‘muleteer’, 92, 151;

y, 83. Vespasian, the Emperor, 386, 415, 455; and the nobiles, 504; origin and ancestors, 83, 354, 561. Vespasii, of Nursi

etronianus, C. (cos. 43 B.C.), Caesarian novus homo, 71; his name and origin , 71, 90; attitude in 44 B.C., 100, 114, 133, 134;

f. 5 B.C.), 375. Vinicius, M. (cos. suff. 19 B.C.), novus homo, his origin , 194, 362; in Gaul, 329, 339; perhaps proconsul o

grippa, M. (cos. 37 B.C.), 95, 129, 131, 187, 201, 331, 335, 336; his origin and name, 129; at Apollonia, 129; in the Perusine

ff. A.D. 12), novus homo, 363. Visidius, L., local magnate, 82; his origin and family-god, 83; protects Cicero in 63 B.C., 8

t his family, 487. Vitulasius Nepos, Sex. (cos. suff. A.D. 78), his origin , 361. Volaterrae, 82, 83, 87, 362. Volcacius Tu