ition between Senate and People, Optimates and Populares, nobiles and novi homines, but by the strife for power, wealth and

or threatened by rivals in power and dignity, enlisted the vigour of novi homines, orators and soldiers, helping them by in

n the alert, expecting three consulates, but not unaided. 4 Against novi homines the great families after Sulla stood with

respectable jurist lacking in pronounced political opinions, and two novi homines, the Pompeian general Afranius and the or

was the first knight’s son to become consul. He was correct but other novi homines, socially more eminent, had not been deba

na and of Pompeius’ men, Afranius and Gabinius. 3 After that, no more novi homines as consuls on the Fasti of the Free State

were nobiles, with patricians in high and striking relief. 6 The four novi homines were all signalized by military service i

n his hopes and his efforts towards the more obscure of the Caesarian novi homines in the Senate, or, failing them, to knigh

o istorum. ’ Likewise Q. Cicero, Ad fam. 16, 27, 1: ‘quos ego penitus novi libidinum et languoris effeminatis-simi animi ple

or defeat in the eastern lands, became the proverbial trio among the novi homines of the Revolution. 1 Which is appropriate

ried (Dio 54, 3, 5). Other persons later prominent, such as the great novi homines M. Lollius (cos. 21 B.C.), L. Tarius Rufu

a Cornelia, as was fitting, of the stock of the Scipiones. 7 For the novi homines splendid matches were now in prospect. By

Nor did they achieve great fame afterwards, either the nobiles or the novi homines. 2 Octavianus may now have honoured men o

place, Etruscan or Umbrian, Picene or Lucanian. 4 Rome had known her novi homines for three centuries now, admitted in the

s fuit tuti aut eo magis honesti sunt. ’ 2 Ib. 4, 7: ‘etiam homines novi , qui antea per virtutem soliti erant nobilitatem

’ 3 lb.: ‘fecitque ipse se compotem voti, nisus omni modo, ne quem novi status paeniteret. ’ On the meaning and use of ‘s

ere presumably three nobiles in the prime of life; 2 and three recent novi homines. 3 Not to mention T. Statilius Taurus.

re young enough, for advancement had been swift and dazzling. Yet the novi homines like Q. Laronius, M. Herennius, L. Vini

nstead upon the interested loyalty of partisans of lower standing—and novi homines at that. Hence the conspicuous lack of le

act attested, namely three of the principal marshals of Augustus, all novi homines. 2 Under the Triumvirate and in the yea

to him in rank. Only two names are recorded in this period. 3 Certain novi homines, subsequent consuls, probably earned enno

ted to 22 b.c.). 4 For example, no previous military service of the novi homines C. Sentius Saturninus (cos. 19 b.c.) and

red to adorn the Senate of a revived Republic there were far too many novi homines about. From an ostentation of clemency an

ate, perpetuating the Revolution, can boast rich and regular corps of novi homines, obscure or illustrious, some encouraged

however (A.D. 4-14), a significant phenomenon the renewed advance of novi homines, most of them military. Picenum, as would

.D. 3 very few consuls who are not of consular families. The mere six novi homines do not belong to the sudden and scandalou

be supported by the venerable weight of ancient tradition. To promote novi homines was patently not a ‘novus mos’. 3 All men

sure was neither revolutionary nor outrageous; and the recruitment of novi homines was perpetuated and regularized by Caesar

What more simple than to assign to Augustus alone the advancement of novi homines under the Principate? That is to leave ou

ated numerous consuls, in 33 B.C. no fewer than eight, with masses of novi homines promoted for merit to a cheap distinction

shows itself clearly on the Fasti. In the seven years 39-33 nineteen novi homines appear as against nine nobiles. 2 After s

sole control of patronage, advancing his own partisans, in 31-29 four novi homines and five nobiles. With 28 B.C. annual con

ons, a new generation was growing up, and along with them the sons of novi homines ennobled in the Revolution. NotesPage=&

unting Varro Murena. PageBook=>373 From 18 to 13 B.C. only two novi homines appear on the Fasti, both with military s

t. 4 Nobiles did not need to adduce proficiency in the arts. Of the novi homines, C. Ateius Capito won promotion as a poli

rose at last to the consulate after a command in the Balkans. 1 Other novi homines, worthy heirs of the revolutionary marsha

dy enough to bestow emolument upon impoverished nobles or meritorious novi homines, enabling them to preserve the dignity of

a long time by Augustus, may be detected in the frequent promotion of novi homines to the consulate after A.D. 4.2 But Tib

rge and succeed to the heritage of power and command, both nobles and novi homines. They had hitherto been kept in the backg

cialization, for political no less than for military reasons: elderly novi homines were safe. Lollius and Quirinius, who won

y discussed, there is a total of ten eminent men. Of these, three are novi homines, next to Agrippa and Taurus the most dist

eps now had to lean heavily on the loyalty and tried merit of certain novi homines. For many years nothing had been heard of

PIR2, A 1488. To be noted further are connexions with the successful novi homines M. Lollius (Tacitus, Ann. 12, 22) and Tau

late, but the family was intact and influential. 4 Of the more recent novi homines, L. Tarius Rufus, though a personal frien

iso And L. Volusius Saturninus. 5 For details of origin about these novi homines, see above, p. 362 f. For the contrary in

o, with Varus and with L. Volusius Saturninus), and a firm company of novi homines. A new government is already in being.

to shield Augustus but to incriminate the new régime. ‘Primum facinus novi principals’, so Tacitus describes the execution o

ernment. To say nothing of the patent vice or rapacity of the greater novi homines, the friends of Augustus: the lesser craw

nd 317). PageBook=>498 So much for the nobiles. The successful novi homines of the Revolution and of the New State we

o known progeny from his alliance with the patrician Fabii; and other novi homines disappear utterly or prolong their family

ilia. 2 Certain of the more reputable of the Triumviral or Augustan novi homines, however, appeared to have established th

the perpetuation of the schematic contrast which virtuous and pushing novi homines of Republican days were in the habit of d

advancing remorselessly. The power of the nobiles was passing to the novi homines, to the knights, the army and the provinc

the novi homines, to the knights, the army and the provinces. After novi homines Etruscan, Samnite or Picene, Spain and Na

t an obscure origin, a repulsive character and evil deeds against the novi homines prominent in the oligarchy. NotesPage=&

who have handed down the most typical and most malicious portraits of novi homines. The nobiles were comparatively immune.

ony, described as ‘nobilissimus vir, amicus meus’. 4 The successful novi homines can stand their ground. Superfluous the e

s in 81 B.C.’, CQ XXVI (1932), 170 ff. HOHL, E. ‘Primum facinus novi principatus’, Hermes LXX (1935), 350 ff. —â

376 ff., 382, 404 f., 419 ff.,453, 490 ff., 510 f.; with knights and novi homines, 129 ff., 235 ff., 289 f., 328, 349 ff.,

in relation to Roman history, 154, 249; wars against Carthage promote novi homines, 19, 238, 244; altar of gens Augusta at,

Caesarian partisans, 90, 93; Sertorius, 129; Triumviral and Augustan novi homines, 199 f., 363; ancient families of Etruria

86, 94; party, 19, 65, 86, 93 f.; in relation to Italians, 86 f.; and novi homines, 94; relationship with the Julii, 25, 76;

.; Italic, 89, 94, 360 f., 456; Etruscan, 85, 129, 362; of Triumviral novi homines, 199 ff.; Augustan novi homines, 360 f.;

Etruscan, 85, 129, 362; of Triumviral novi homines, 199 ff.; Augustan novi homines, 360 f.; vicious novi homines, 456. Non

umviral novi homines, 199 ff.; Augustan novi homines, 360 f.; vicious novi homines, 456. Nonia Polla, wife of L. Volusius

, 31, 88, 90; Caesarians, 92; other men from Picenum, 200; Augustan novi homines, 362, 364; a Catilinarian rising there, 8

ped by Crassus, 26, 60; virtues and vices of, 149 f.; his views about novi homines, II; about patricians, 68; his stepdaught

servility, 507; attitude to the aristocracy, 344 f., 368; attitude to novi homines, 434; Pompeian affinities, 414, 424; his

Political programme, 15 f., 37, 88 f., 319 f.; on tota Italia, 88; on novi homines, 89; political illusions, 143; political