talent and repute, Q. Lutatius Catulus and Q. Hortensius, related by marriage . 2 The virtue and integrity of Catulus, rare in t

His aunt was the wife of Marius. Caesar, who took Cinna’s daughter in marriage , defied Sulla when he sought to break the match.

rimacy in Rome Pompeius needed support from the nobiles. The dynastic marriage pointed the way. Sulla, as was expedient, had mar

d Nepos, a woman of flagrant infidelity, he asked for Cato’s niece in marriage . 1 Cato rebuffed him. Baffling enough after an

ior in ability to Afranius. Pompeius had sealed the pact by taking in marriage Caesar’s daughter, Julia; and Caesar now married

ors, corrupt and debauched in the way of his life. 1 Pompeius took in marriage his daughter, Cornelia, the widow of P. Crassus,

n to good effect in the past; and one of their daughters was given in marriage to the elder son of the dynast Crassus. Further,

ther’s son married a Caecilia Metella (Ad Att. 13, 7, 1). 3 Brutus’ marriage to a daughter of Ap. Claudius Pulcher certainly t

men, C. Marcellus (cos. 50) and Philippus (cos. 56), related through marriage to Caesar’s grand-nephew, see below, p. 128. Pa

ndifferent or even distasteful. Of Caesar’s own relatives by blood or marriage , certain were neutral. 3 The young Marcus Antoniu

employed the three daughters of her second husband, whom she gave in marriage to C. Cassius Longinus, to M. Aemilius Lepidus an

e found. They spread their influence among the local aristocracies by marriage or alliance, northwards to Etruria and south into

pport from Pompeius and Caesar, as witness his proconsulate of Syria, marriage to Atia and consulate: yet he gave his daughter M

to Atia and consulate: yet he gave his daughter Marcia (by an earlier marriage ) for wife to Cato. Philippus was a wealthy man an

arlier. 6 In 40 B.C. Octavianus himself, it is true, had contracted a marriage with Scribonia; Julia, his only daughter, was bor

he despairing and impermanent alliance with Pompeius, a more glorious marriage than the reluctant nuptials with the morose siste

e a politic response, and the husband showed himself complaisant. The marriage was celebrated at once, to the enrichment of publ

by adoption and insinuated himself into the clan of the Claudii by a marriage . His party now began to attract ambitious aristoc

ipionic blood (Propertius 4, 11, 29 f.), but cannot be the issue of a marriage contracted as late as 38 B.C. A P. Scipio became

ith the Valerii, cf. PIR2, C 982. On Messalla, below, p. 423. 8 The marriage was contracted with the active approval of M. Ant

has been argued that precisely on this occasion Antonius contracted a marriage with Cleopatra, reconstituting the Ptolemaic king

m Laodicea, with a great kingdom: he gave his own daughter Antonia in marriage to Pythodorus of Tralles, formerly a friend of Po

nna): Cinna was the son of Pompeia, daughter of Magnus, by her second marriage , namely, with L. Cornelius Cinna, praetor in 44 B

of Pompeius Magnus: but the consul of 32 may be his son by an earlier marriage (PIR2, C 1338). CN. Pompeius was the son of Q. Po

of Q. Pompeius rufus (tr. pl. 52 B.C.), who was the offspring of the marriage between the son of Q. Pompeius Rufus (cos. 88 B.C

ep. n, 526 ff. 2 Plutarch, Antonius 56. 3 On the question of the ‘ marriage ‘of Antonius, for a discussion see Rice Holmes, T

39 ff. Both Holmes and Levi seem to be against Kromayer’s thesis of a marriage in 37/36 B.C. Difficulties of formulation (like t

being a Roman citizen, could not at any time contract a legally valid marriage with a foreign woman. PageBook=>281 able t

, had served his purpose adequately. Men could see that divorce, like marriage , was an act of high politics. Now came an opportu

as enlisted as an instrument of Roman imperial policy, being given in marriage to Juba, the prince of the Numidian royal stock w

alliance they had made him, in alliance they might destroy him. The marriage with Livia Drusilla had been a political alliance

ic, but in his own family and of his own blood. Two years earlier the marriage of his nephew to his only daughter Julia had been

ed to despise knights or municipal men; which did not, however, debar marriage or discredit inheritance. A recent municipal tain

. Augustus, they said, once thought of giving his daughter Julia in marriage to the knight Proculeius, who was commended by a

least from a long line of local magnates, bound by ties of blood and marriage to their peers in other towns, and desperately pr

olutionary leader the support of the nobiles in his youth. Before his marriage to Livia, only one descendant of a consular famil

er and wealth require the same weapons, namely amicitia, the dynastic marriage and the financial subsidy. Loyalty and service

. Suetonius, Galba 3. PageBook=>378 Of the use of the dynastic marriage , Augustus’ own début in politics provided the mos

ted no relative, however obscure, however distant, no tie whatever of marriage or of friendship retained after divorce. NotesP

ested by Tacitus, Ann. 2, 34; 4, 21 f. It may also be surmised in the marriage of her granddaughter to Claudius the son of Drusu

r heirs of his own blood. Julia was to provide them. In 21 B.C. the marriage of Agrippa and Julia was solemnized. In the next

young princes and minister of the Princeps in war and government. The marriage was unwelcome, so gossip asserted. Tiberius dearl

his proconsulate of Asia; 3 and he drew the bond tighter by giving in marriage his daughter Fabia Numantina to the son of Sex. A

relenting. He at once dispatched a missive to Julia, breaking off the marriage in the name of Tiberius. 3 NotesPage=>427

men of more recent stocks such as L. Nonius Asprenas (linked through marriage with L. Calpurnius Piso, with Varus and with L. V

her ancient self. In the aristocracy of the last age of the Republic marriage had not always been blessed with either offspring

ormidable and independent, retaining control of their own property in marriage . The emancipation of women had its reaction upon

n class, preferred alliance with a freedwoman, or none at all. With marriage and without it, the tone and habits of high socie

rbidden to senators, was condoned in others for it was better than no marriage . The Roman People was to contemplate and imitate

rnii Bibuli. The Domitii, however, survived and prospered through the marriage alliance which the grandson of Caesar’s enemy con

d battle by good fortune, diplomacy or the contraction of serviceable marriage alliances and lasted into the reign of Augustus p

6, 29, cf. 3, 66). On his vices, Seneca, De ben. 4, 31, 3 f.; on his marriage to Aemilia Lepida, Ann. 3, 23. PageBook=>493

mitii, primacy might be delayed, but not denied for ever. The complex marriage policy of Augustus transmitted a peculiar and ble

th the Julio- Claudians in the various ties of adoption, betrothal or marriage , with paradoxical and fatal results, dragging oth

lautius Silvanus from Tibur had become connected in some way, through marriage or adoption, with a new consular stock of the tim

er (ib. 4, 1), with Livia Drusilla (ib. 5, 2) and vainly solicited to marriage by Agrippina (ib. 5, 1). 2 Varus was the offici

e during the Perusine War, 214 f., 215; peace of Brundisium, 216 ff.; marriage to Octavia, 219; prestige of Antonius, 221 f.; ac

; Perusine War, 207 ff.; Brundisium, 217 ff.; in 38–37 B.C., 225; his marriage to Livia, 229, 340; the Bellum Siculum, 230 ff.;

rapacity, 260, 270; relations with Antonius and the problem of their marriage , 261, 273 f., 277, 280; character and ambitions,

nt writers, 488. See also History, Roman Poets. Livia Drusilla, her marriage to Octavianus, 229; character and ambitions of, 3

h is designed in the main to illustrate the political history and the marriage alliances of the Principate of Augustus, omits ce

the connexion with the descendants of Pompeius and Sulla through the marriage between Faustus Sulla and Pompeia the daughter of