ed it. The survivors of the old governing class, shattered in spirit, gave up the contest. Compensated by the solid benefits

ut this time Cato married Marcia, the granddaughter of Philippus, and gave his own sister Porcia to L. Domitius Ahenobarbus,

dy, Cato the Censor. But it was not character and integrity only that gave Cato the primacy before consulars: he controlled

ed for some fifteen years after Sulla’s death. Provinces and armies gave resources of patronage and mutual obligation for

t;035 1 The liaison was notorious (Plutarch, Brutus 5, &c.) and gave rise to the vulgar and untenable opinion that Bru

: himself the son of a Caecilia Metella and husband of a Servilia, he gave one daughter for wife to Pompeius’ elder son, ano

rded and disgraced as had been Gabinius, the governor of Syria. If he gave way now, it was the end. Returning to Rome a priv

verged sharply for eleven years. But Brutus, after Pharsalus, at once gave up a lost cause, receiving pardon from Caesar, hi

d counsels of Pompeius,4 and strengthening Caesar’s hands for action, gave his rule as party-leader a personal and monarchic

thlessly employed the three daughters of her second husband, whom she gave in marriage to C. Cassius Longinus, to M. Aemiliu

s were already personal friends of Caesar: it may be presumed that he gave them guarantees against revolution. They had more

terans, Antonius was forced into a policy that alarmed the Senate and gave his enemies a pretext for action. Thus he was to

convoy of wagons bearing money and equipment. 1 The appeal worked he gave a bribe of 500 denarii to each soldier, more than

ess his proconsulate of Syria, marriage to Atia and consulate: yet he gave his daughter Marcia (by an earlier marriage) for

und the result not altogether satisfactory. Rather than emend, Cicero gave it up, gladly. Caesar did not insist. Time was sh

d rumours from Rome. The situation appeared to have changed. Antonius gave signs of a readiness to conciliate NotesPage=&g

Book=>141 deference. 1 Cicero’s return provoked an incident, but gave no indication that the day of September 2nd would

re foully done to death. 5 Piso’s colleague Gabinius curled his hair, gave exhibitions of dancing at fashionable dinner-part

and bad became partisan appellations; wealth and the power to do harm gave to the champions of the existing order the advant

he glorious victory of Mutina. As the month of May wore on, rejoicing gave way to disillusion. Antonius had escaped to the W

utus as his prey. 2 Of the jurors, though carefully selected, one man gave his vote for absolution and remained unmolested u

solid guarantee against dissension in the Caesarian party. Octavianus gave up his betrothed, the daughter of Servilius, and

is and Hispania Citerior, augmented with Hispania Ulterior for Pollio gave up that province. To Octavianus fell a modest por

s grandson. PageBook=>200 from earlier posts of subordination, gave sign and guarantee of success, but did not surviv

in. Moreover, eastern princes and their levies were deserting. Brutus gave way at last. After a tenacious and bloody conte

er of the sea. He sent Maecenas on a diplomatic mission to Sicily and gave pledge of his sentiments by taking to wife Scribo

Calenus and the fatal error of Salvidienus. The compact with Antonius gave standing, security and the possession of the west

d been driven or duped. Ahenobarbus kept away from Sex. Pompeius, who gave guarantee neither of victory nor even of personal

, however, in high politics. The college of pontifices when consulted gave a politic response, and the husband showed himsel

nius, who came to Brundisium but departed again without a conference, gave him no help. Antonius disapproved, and Sex. Pompe

R. Rep. 11, 515 f.; Greek Coins, Sicily, 61; 95). 3 His misfortunes gave Antonius sufficient matter for ridicule (quoted i

it contained a programme. Octavianus remitted debts and taxes; and he gave public expression to the hope that the Free State

ry was becoming attractive and even respectable or rather, he already gave signs of becoming equal if not superior in power

y leader. 5 Civil war, tearing aside words, forms and institutions, gave rein to individual passions and revealed the inne

ntonius resolved to augment the territories of Egypt. To Cleopatra he gave dominions in Syria, namely, the central Phoenicia

vest Polemo, the orator’s son from Laodicea, with a great kingdom: he gave his own daughter Antonia in marriage to Pythodoru

here quoted; for Potamo, SIG3 754 and 764. 2 P-W xv, 2205 f. Caesar gave him a Galatian tetrarchy and the kingdom of Bospo

to convey enhanced powers, as after the end of the Triumvirate, still gave him the means to initiate and direct public polic

s closely comparable in extent and power. The settlement of 27 B.C. gave him for his provincia Spain, Gaul and Syria (with

24 B.C. or early in 23 a proconsul of Macedonia, a certain M. Primus, gave trouble. He was arraigned in the courts for high

steadily worse, passing into a dangerous illness. Close to death, he gave no indication of his last intentions he merely ha

supreme magistracy year by year. In the place of the consulate, which gave him a general initiative in policy, he took vario

r. 2 In the year 29 B.C., about the time of his triumph, Octavianus gave a donative in money to the veterans in his coloni

cient and reputable family among the Paeligni, the Ovidii. 3 Augustus gave the latus clavus to a promising young Ovidius.

held procuratorships and high equestrian posts under Augustus, which gave them rank comparable to the consulate in the sena

mise, it may be, of an imminent programme of reform. The consulate he gave up: converted since Actium into an office of oste

the advantageous and satisfactory Claudian connexion. Livia, however, gave him no children. But Julia, his daughter by Scrib

m are either 13–11 or 12–10 B.C. According to Seneca (l.c.), Augustus gave Piso ‘secreta mandata’: in order that the legatus

was well served. 1 When Pompeius got for Caesar the Gallic command he gave him Labienus, who must have had previous experien

of provincial magnates recall by their gentilicia the proconsuls who gave them the franchise; the newer Roman, however, bea

l this has sufficiently been demonstrated. The domination of Pompeius gave a foretaste of secret rule his Mytilenean client

r as well as an historian; his friend, the affluent senator Lucceius, gave valued counsel; and Balbus was instrumental in fo

anus, the governor of Upper Germany. 1 Trajan himself in his lifetime gave no unequivocal indication of his ultimate intenti

iuvenum obstaret initiis’. That was the reason which Tiberius himself gave at a later date (Suetonius, Tib. 10, 2). 3 Taci

mother. Until the fall of Lollius, Augustus remained obdurate. He now gave way what Livia had been unable to achieve was per

cs, the notion of pietas had not been entirely perverted. Pietas once gave world-empire to the Roman, and only pietas could

. It was observed with malicious glee that neither of the consuls who gave their names to the Lex Papia Poppaea had wife or

elicibu[s] voteis sueis. 2 When they died, the town council of Pisa gave vent to patriotic grief in lapidary commemoration

ty tyrants promoted the cult of their patron, friend and master. They gave cities his name, they erected temples in his hono

Marcus Brutus. 1 The distinguished ex-Republican Valerius Messalla gave himself airs of independence. In 26 B.C. he had l

ch cost him promotion he did not rise above the praetorship. Augustus gave the consulate to his rival, Ateius Capito, the gr

larorum virorum facta moresque’. 4 Therein lay the tragedy the Empire gave no scope for the display of civic virtue at home

way between these extremes. 4 It was not long before the Principate gave birth to its own theory, and so became vulnerable