has to be selective: exhaustive detail cannot be provided about every family or individual. Even so, the subject almost baffle

ames, void of personal detail; their importance has been deduced from family , nomenclature, or rank; and most of them will be

rely confer power upon its holder and dignity for life: it ennobled a family for ever. Within the Senate, itself an oligarchy,

the novus homo (in the strict sense of the term the first member of a family to secure the consulate and consequent ennoblemen

ot evade detection. 1 Three weapons the nobiles held and wielded, the family , money and the political alliance (amicitia or fa

es. The novus homo had to tread warily. Anxious not to offend a great family , he must shun where possible the role of prosecut

ut the wealth of knights often outstripped many an ancient senatorial family , giving them a greater power than the nominal hol

hey were saved from extinction by the primitive tenacity of the Roman family and the pride of their own traditions. They waite

s Curio (cos. 76), a man of capacity and repute, came of a senatorial family that had not previously reached the consulate.

liant cautious and crafty in habit, he might seem destined by wealth, family , and paramount influence in the Senate to sustain

recent consuls with birth but no weight. NotesPage=>022 1 The family of his wife Tertulla is not known. But his elder

two young Metelli, Celer and Nepos in capacity no exception to their family . 2 Next came their cousins, the three sons of Ap.

miable by early struggles and expedients to maintain the dignity of a family left in poverty and to provide for all his brothe

tol or advocating the restoration of the proscribed, Caesar spoke for family loyalty and for a cause. But he did not compromis

t which his ancestor used to break the power of a monarchic patrician family , the Scipiones. Gloria, dignitas and clientelae,

, multae clientelae. ’ PageBook=>027 saw personal honour and a family feud. The young Pompeius, treacherous and mercile

h. III THE DOMINATION OF POMPEIUS PageBook=>028 THE Pompeii, a family of recent ennoblement, were of non-Latin stock, a

ation ‘-eius’ has been taken as evidence of Etruscan influence on the family at some time or other, cf. J. Duchesne, Ant. cl.

on their own terms. Nor was Pompeius in any way to their liking. His family was recent enough to excite dispraise or contempt

pulous region. Devoted attachment in war and politics to the baronial family of Picenum was the one sure hope of advancement.

from Pompeius, stifled for the moment an insult to the honour of his family . 6 Everything went wrong. The consul Celer turn

ancestry, cf. Cicero, Brutus 212 f.; his ignorance about a detail of family history, Ad Att. 6, 1, 17. His morals (Val. Max.

2 Marriage or adoption might retrieve the waning fortunes of a noble family . The Metelli had employed their women to good e

himself the grandson of a Metella, had passed by adoption into their family . This was Q. Metellus Scipio, father-in-law and c

Sura (71), Spinther (57), Marcellinus (56) and Crus (49). The precise family relationships of the various Cornelii Lentuli in

speech, honesty and loyalty. Privilege and station imposed duties, to family , class and equals in the first place, but also to

ied true to his principles and to his class. Then he strengthened the family tie and obligation of vengeance yet further by di

uds and personal interest masked by the profession of high principle, family tradition and the primacy of civic over private v

he hand of Pompeius, mindful at last of a marriage-connexion with the family of Caesar, abated his ardour, deserted his cousin

For example, the young Q. Cornificius (Catullus 38), of a senatorial family : he married a step-daughter of Catilina (Ad fam.

mes by deliberate choice, to safeguard the wealth and standing of the family , whatever the event. The bond of personal alleg

ent. The bond of personal allegiance may be compared to that of the family . It was often stronger. Whatever their class in s

Q. Cicero in Asia (Ad Q. fratrem 1, 1, 10), the latter belonged to a family on friendly terms with M. Cicero, cf. P-W XIX, 45

itary. In the traditional way of the patricians, Caesar exploited his family and the state religion for politics and for domin

fice of pontifex maximus: the Julii themselves were an old sacerdotal family . 4 Sulla and Caesar, both members of patrician ho

Fabius Maximus followed Caesar and brought back the consulate to his family . 1 Ap. Claudius, the most prominent member of the

Servilia, who worked steadily to restore the dignity and power of her family . In her dynastic policy she ruthlessly employed t

ilius Lepidus and to P. Servilius Isauricus. 4 Lepidus could recall a family feud against Pompeius; and his consular brother h

or democracy could be made to serve their ends, to enhance person and family . The NotesPage=>069 1 Q. Fabius Maximus, w

ILS 8890) is said by Dio (45, 17, 1) to have belonged to a proscribed family . Yet he is surely the same person as C. Vibius Pa

loyalties of Cicero. 1 C. Oppius probably belonged to a substantial family of Roman bankers. But Oppius lacks colour beside

e, cf. T. Rice Holmes, Caesar’s Conquest of Gaul2 (1911), 652. On the family , cf. also BG 7, 65, 2. 2 Ad fam. 10, 32, 5, whe

cer or man of affairs, the progenitor, when he was not the heir, of a family with municipal repute and standing at least not a

vated in rank, from the contemptuous appellation of ‘Gaul’. Catullus’ family would perhaps have been eligible for senatorial r

XXVII (1937), 127 ff. The gentilicium is Osean. Is he perhaps of the family of the proscribed Samnite, Cn. Decidius, whom Cae

le revelations to counter the ostensible derivation of that municipal family from Faunus and the goddess Vitellia through an a

n and archaeology of early Italy, in names of gods and of places. The family name of the Sanquinii recalls the Sabine god Sanc

ttle by subsequent and unimpeachable history. Enemies of the dominant family of the Scipiones, namely the Fabii and the Valeri

elius, the friend of Scipio Africanus, probably came from a non-Roman family of municipal aristocracy; 6 and the first Pompeiu

tius fought bravely for Samnium. In recognition of valour, wealth and family and perhaps a timely abandonment of the Italian c

optime homines. ’ 7 P-W VII, 1817 ff. They were a noted commercial family , trading with the East (for Granii at Delos see B

an among the Marrucini, fell in battle fighting for Italia. 9 But the family did not perish or lapse altogether into poverty o

8 f. (Praeneste). For M. Cusinius, ILS 965: for another member of the family , PIR2, C 1628. 4 ILS 932. 5 Cicero, De domo s

the house-agent Vettius (Ad. Att. 4, 5, 2; 6, 1, 15), clearly of the family of Vettius Scato, a Marsian insurgent leader. Not

ious, but his origin may have been reputable. History has record of a family of Ventidii, municipal magistrates at Auximum, en

M. Herennius Picens (cos. suff. A.D. 1) presumably belong to the same family . 3 So Cicero described him (Pliny, NH 7, 135) a

esar shows a fair but not alarming proportion of non-Latin names. The family and repute of certain Italici now admitted to the

n helped by him. 3 L. Licinius Murena (cos. 62), of a distinguished family of praetorian rank (Pro Murena 41), was the first

Junius Brutus and the novus homo L. Munatius Plancus, of a reputable family from Tibur; 2 and Caesar probably intended that M

oung men. A nobilis, born of an illustrious but impoverished plebeian family (his grandfather was a great orator, his father a

nius could induce him to depart to his province. Lepidus, through his family connexion with Brutus, might prove a bond of alli

military men or recent governors of provinces, few of whom possessed family influence or talent for intrigue. Even the consul

of his sisters. On the paternal side the youth came of a respectable family that lacked nobility: his grandfather, a rich ban

andidature, but the Caesarian alliance maintained the fortunes of the family . The widow Atia was at once transferred in matrim

s the military leader of the Caesarian NotesPage=>112 1 On the family , see above all Suetonius, Divus Aug. 1 ff., prese

as distant was a fact of little moment in the Roman conception of the family , barely known or soon forgotten by the inhabitant

e from horror of the deed, traditional sense of the solidarity of the family , or resentment at the thwarting of his own legiti

ctavianus, according them scant attention. 4 Which member of Caesar’s family inherited the remnant of his private fortune matt

ext for exile. Brutus and Cassius were in doubts whether to accept. A family conference at Antium, presided over by Servilia,

ge, not merely Catilinarian but Spartacist. Turning to the person and family of the revolutionary, he invoked both the traditi

, and the traditional contempt which the Roman noble visited upon the family and extraction of respectable municipal men. Octa

His arguments may be discovered from Cicero’s defence of the morals, family and patriotism of Octavianus, Phil. 3, 15 ff. 2

ot up and hovered over his head, a royal portent. 2 Of the origin and family of M. Agrippa, friends or enemies have nothing to

timents and ready to defend his interests against Roman tribunes. The family appears to have sided with Marius in the civil wa

was murdered (Sallust, Hist. 3, 83 M) is presumably a member of this family . The father was L. Maecenas (ILS 7848; cf. Nicola

aristocrats, lacked experience of affairs, vigour of personality and family influence. In public Cicero professed warm and ea

wn son. 5 Nor was the devious Marcellus wholly to be neglected he had family connexions that could be brought into play, for t

1 Though elegant in his tastes, Piso suited his way of living to his family tradition and to his fortune, which would not hav

pon a tortuous policy, to enhance his power and that of his clan. His family connexions would permit an independent and, if he

its rights again: that is to say, behind the scenes private ambition, family politics and high finance were at their old games

man aristocrat, was a sacred duty or an occasion of just pride. The family was older than the State; and the family was the

ccasion of just pride. The family was older than the State; and the family was the kernel of a Roman political faction. Loya

ility that would have excused his ambitions. 1 The Aemilian name, his family connexions and the possession of a large army tur

a Caesarian: but Brutus refused to concur in the hounding down of the family of Lepidus, who had married his own half-sister.

n of Rome had been subverted. With them perished honour and security, family and friendship. Yet all was not unrelieved horror

y enemies among the nobiles, but certain of the more eminent, through family connexions and social influence, had been able to

to others: he had recently shown conspicuous kindness to the wife and family of Antonius the public enemy, thereby incurring b

er in the towns of Italy was now decided. The Coponii were an ancient family of Tibur:3 the proscription of a Coponius may fai

n, BC 4, 47, 202 f. 3 Pro Balbo 53; cf. ILS 3700 (an aedile of that family ). 4 Appian, BC 4, 40, 170: for later enmity of

of that family). 4 Appian, BC 4, 40, 170: for later enmity of that family towards Plancus, cf. Velleius 2, 83, 3. below, p.

ea coasts. 1 Arruntius did the same. 2 The Arruntii were an opulent family at Atina, a Volscian town, perhaps not of senator

p. 31, n. I. 2 Appian, BC 4, 46, 195. 3 Cf. ILS 5349, This is the family of the Pompeian L. Arruntius, cos. 22 B.C., below

sular rank, P. Canidius Crassus, C. Norbanus Flaccus, of a proscribed family , and C. Sosius, perhaps a Picene, none of them he

heard of before Caesar’s death. 3 Another novelty was the mysterious family of the Cocceii, which furnished Antonius with gen

er married a first cousin of M. Antonius (Val. Max. 4, 2, 6). For the family of T. Peducaeus (cos. suff. 35), cf. below, p. 23

h is appropriate, given the rarity and non-Latin termination of their family names. But the Antonians were not the worst. Adva

or a temperate view of Fulvia, the last survivor of a great political family , cf. Münzer, P-W VII, 283 f.) Further, L. Anton

r in prestige and in popularity. Of Lepidus none took account: he had family influence and did not resign ambition, but lacked

vantage prominent Republicans now returned to Rome, nobles of ancient family or municipal aristocrats. Here were allies to be

iral, Staius Murcus. 3 Defeated at Pharsalus but not destroyed, the family and faction of the Pompeii had incurred heavy los

lowing persons of distinction, relatives, friends or adherents of his family . 1 Scaurus his step-brother was with him, and Lib

the Caesarian leaders, he might still exert the traditional policy of family alliances, though the day was long past when that

he military men C. Carrinas and Cn. Domitius Calvinus. Carrinas, of a family proscribed by Sulla, but admitted to honours by C

utionary faction. The Peducaei were a modest and reputable senatorial family , on terms of friendship with Cicero, Atticus and

bove, p. 199 and p. 221. PageBook=>237 the Lex Pedia. 1 Of the family of Q. Laronius (cos. suff. 33) and indeed of his

himself of non-Latin stock. 3 The name of Statilius recalled, and his family may have continued, an ancient line of the aristo

riumviral uncle (who had proscribed his father) or from a motive of family insurance not uncommon in the civil wars, when pi

he Bellum Siculum no Metelli, Scipiones or Marcelli had revived their family laurels and the memory of victories over a Punic

NotesPage=>237 1 Plutarch, Brutus 27. Nothing is known of his family or attachments: there is no evidence that he was

wife of Octavianus’ kinsman Q. Pedius (cos. suff. 43) belonged to the family of Messalla (ib. 35, 21). 6 Lepidus was not an

ex-Antonian, C. Fonteius Capito came of a highly reputable praetorian family , L. Vinicius (tribune in 51 B.C.) of equestrian s

Africa, in 28 and 25 B.C. respectively, PIR2, A 1680; 71. 3 On the family of Herennius, cf. above, p. 92. Memmius may be th

consul in 29. M. Valerius, cos. suff. 32, clearly belongs to the same family . 4 Above, p. 199 f. 5 Sallust, BJ 85, 17. 6

h, strength and justification. Men turned to the care of property and family , to the studies of literature and philosophy. Fro

tise in literature and on monuments the glory and the traditions of a family , a dynasty, a whole people; 4 and a return to the

onius discovered the men and set them up as kings without respect for family or dynastic claims. NotesPage=>259 1 Pluta

avianus, however, was no more ready yet to exploit the affront to his family than the affront to Rome arising from Antonius’ a

Evidence is scanty. Yet it could be guessed that the Cocceii, a new family showing two consuls in four years, were highly ci

known only from coins (BMC, R. Rep. II, 517 ff.): perhaps of the same family as antonius’ army commander in the invasion of me

The young Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, beyond all doubt the best of his family , refused to accept amnesty from Caesar the Dictat

ed, or to trust, like Murcus, the alliance with Pompeius (whose whole family he hated), Ahenobarbus with his fleet as an auton

as an autonomous admiral dominated the Adriatic, striking coins with family portraits thereon. 1 Pollio won him for Antonius,

ast, Caesarian, Pompeian and Republican, bound by personal loyalty or family ties rather than by a programme and a cause, woul

41, 6. 4 lb. 50, 1, 4; Plutarch, Antonius 55. PageBook=>277 family scandal, and the private vices of lust, cruelty a

alute her with the title of ‘Queen’:2 Republican principle, or rather family tradition and the prospects of his own son, made

ex-Pompeian and one of the proscribed (P-W iv, 1215), of a reputable family of Tibur (Cicero, Pro Balbo 53; ILS 3700) and hos

rretium, where his ancestors had ruled as kings, that the Appuleii (a family related to Octavianus) and Nonius Gallus won over

later may perhaps be put down to the agency of a local office-holding family , the Ovidii. 3 The soldiery might be purchased,

ts and among those senators most nearly allied to them by the ties of family or business. 2 But what if the partition of the

monarchic in their native Gades; it may be presumed that the wealthy family of the Annaei commanded adequate influence in Cor

experienced ex-Pompeian Q. Nasidius and by M. Octavius, of a consular family . 6 On the other side the fleet of Octavianus face

o noble and patrician tradition. She was the last person of note in a family that claimed descent from the nobility of Alba Lo

t all, or to Pompeius. Genuine Pompeians there still were, loyal to a family and a cause—but that was another matter. Insisten

nfortunate. 3 Among the ex-consuls were men dangerously eminent, from family or from ambition. Crassus was a recent warning. T

ng. 1 The others were praetorian. Nor was high birth in evidence. The family and connexions of one of the legates are uncertai

or at least discovered. The author was Fannius Caepio, Republican in family and sentiment. 6 PageNote. 333 1 Namely L. Ae

e leader of a party. At the core of a Roman political group are the family and most intimate friends of the real or nominal

e Livii. She exploited her skill for the advantage of herself and her family . Augustus never failed to take her advice on matt

line of succession that should be not merely dynastic, but in his own family and of his own blood. Two years earlier the marri

angements, however, were careful devices to ensure an heir in his own family as well; he wished to provide for a dynasty and t

y, behind the façade of the constitution, behind the Princeps and his family , to build up a syndicate of government. 1 It is t

t lay in service above all, military service. In this way a soldier’s family might rise through equestrian to senatorial rank

udaea was annexed (A.D. 6), Coponius, a Roman knight of a respectable family from Tibur, became its first governor; 1 and in a

ke of the princess his paramour for the disgrace she brought upon her family , her ancestors and all posterity by succumbing to

the Guard and Viceroy of Egypt; he married a wife from the patrician family of Cornelius Maluginensis. 3 By birth, Seius alre

e evidence. Again, it often happened that only one son of a municipal family chose to enter the Senate. If it was thus in colo

ature. NotesPage=>360 1 Velleius 2, III, 2 (in A.D. 7). On his family , below, p. 383 f. 2 ILS 937 (Treia); 2682 (Corf

Betilienus Bassus (BMC, R. Emp. I, 49) probably comes of a municipal family from Aletrium, cf. ILS 5348. For Treia, ILS 937;

sons entered the Senate. 5 Vespasius Pollio, of a highly respectable family from Nursia, in the recesses of the Sabine land,

ghter of Barbus, from Larinum (CIL IX, 751), might be related to this family . 2 There could scarcely be any doubt about [M]a

ze, LE, 138). Post. Mimisius Sardus certainly came from Asisium, of a family of municipal magistrates, ILS 947, cf. 5346: the

L. Volusius Saturninus (cos. suff. 12 B.C.) came of an old praetorian family . L. Aelius Lamia (cos. A.D. 3) was highly respect

ertainly came from Larinum (CIL IX, 730): for earlier members of this family , Cicero, Pro Cluentio 25 and 165. PageBook=>

al quies) often proved too strong. There was an ancient and reputable family among the Paeligni, the Ovidii. 3 Augustus gave t

, 10, 83, cf. PIR1, V 108: Brixia (cf. CIL V, 4201, a freedman of the family )? Further, C. Pontius Paelignus may come from Bri

3 Cf. esp. CIL IX, 3082 (L. Ovidius Ventrio). On the antiquity of the family , Ovid, Tristia 4, 10, 7, confirmed by the Paelign

provincial, perhaps from Bithynia- Pontus (for another member of this family , cf. ILS 5883: nr. Amastris). 5 A. Stein, Der r

iscal purposes. PageBook=>368 Augustus, himself of a municipal family , was true in character and in habits to his origi

outh. Before his marriage to Livia, only one descendant of a consular family (Cn. Domitius Calvinus) belonged to the faction.

ll his efforts to attaching these young nobiles to his person, to his family and to the new system, with no little success. Bu

n a partisan of Augustus and a military man, the first to ennoble his family , namely L. Arruntius, M. Lollius, P. Silius Nerva

c complaint when inferior Valerii sought to graft themselves upon his family tree. 3 Some frauds could perhaps evade detection

5, 8. Observing other frauds, old Messalla Rufus had taken to writing family histories (ib.). Pliny observes ‘sed, pace Messal

n early age. The schemes devised by Augustus in the ramification of family alliances were formidable and fantastic. He negle

more and more aristocratic families were lured by matrimony into the family and following of the Princeps. Of his allies amon

, 14, 3). There is an unexplained connexion with the Messallae in the family of M. Lollius (Tacitus, Ann. 12, 22, cf. E. Groag

arcius Censorinus entered into possession, from whom it passed to the family of Statilius Taurus. 6 Agrippa now lived in state

. 6 Lollius, officially commended for integrity, left millions to his family , not the blameless possession of inherited wealth

the municipal aristocracies of Campania and Samnium. One side of his family , Samnite local gentry, stood by Rome in the Bellu

us. Seius, the son of a Terentia, had married a wife from a patrician family . Seianus had brothers, cousins and an uncle of co

ters and masters of the Caesars. What in show and theory was only the family of a Roman magistrate, austere and national, was

d a second wife, Livia Ocellina, from a distant branch of Livia’s own family . If not exactly seductive, Galba himself was cert

rmans were conducted by Tiberius. Then in 6 B.C. came a crisis in the family and the party of Augustus. Tiberius retired, bitt

tive and impressive. Quirinius was certainly the first senator of his family , so perhaps was Lollius. Silvanus and Piso, howev

or the activity of Plautii in the East, cf. Münzer, RA, 43 f. On that family , cf. also below, p. 422. PageBook=>400 Mor

vice. Of the rest, no fewer than five were related in some way to the family of the Princeps. The significance of this fact fo

ied. Military glory was jealously engrossed by the Princeps and his family . The soldiers were his own clients it was treason

ve figures in the Caesarian party and certain members of the reigning family were probably present at most deliberations. Whet

ow, p. 424 f.). PageBook=>415 The Princeps, the members of his family and his personal adherents were the real governme

istocrat to subordinate the tender emotions to the advancement of the family and the good of the Republic. But was Augustus’ d

were magnates who stood close to Augustus in the inner circle of the family and close to the succession ‘nomini ac fortunae C

t have been the subject of public rumour and private intrigue. As the family circle of Augustus at one time comprised no fewer

not all outstanding in talent or very closely related to the reigning family ; and only two of them are known to have commanded

ted a rational distaste for politics and adventure two members of his family perished in the wars of Marius and Sulla; his gra

Aemilius Lepidus (cos, A.D. 6), attained the distinction due to their family and their mother’s prayers, but not with equal fo

rius lived on in exile and might never return. On her own side of the family she lacked relatives who might be built up into a

us (cos. 2 B.C.) and A. Plautius (cos.suff. 1 B.C.) descend from that family : which cannot be proved. As perhaps with certain

nceps. 3 In Ahenobarbus, the husband of Antonia, the great plebeian family of the Domitii boasted a solitary but strong supp

military provinces. They made alliances among themselves and with the family of the Pisones. 5 NotesPage=>423 1 Messall

and the firm avoidance of desperate ambition or party spirit. Piso’s family became related to the Crassi, an alliance which b

s. In evil days Roman aristocratic loyalty acknowledged the ties of family , of fides, of amicitia. Tiberius had few kinsmen.

d the trust and the esteem of Tiberius. 6 NotesPage=>424 1 The family of Piso, like that of Messalla, is a nexus of dif

ter (PIR2, C 323) married L. Nonius Asprenas, cos. suff. A.D. 6, of a family of the new nobility which can show highly eminent

2, 43). PageBook=>425 C. Sentius Saturninus was related to the family of L. Scribonius Libo, the father-in-law of Sex.

with certain Livii, kinsfolk of Tiberius on his mother’s side. 2 The family of L. Arruntius (cos. 22 B.C.), also an associate

us was dead, and his son did not live to reach the consulate, but the family was intact and influential. 4 Of the more recent

me now had their turn for nine years. Livia waited and worked for her family , patient and unobtrusive. There must be no open e

because his moral legislation had been baffled and mocked in his own family . Yet he could have dealt with the matter there. H

cool about the services of Vinicius as his personal attachment to the family of that general could with decency permit. 4 The

e island (A.D. 7). Augustus still lived through the scandals of his family . The disasters of his armies tried him more sorel

n the command of an army. L. Arruntius came of a wealthy and talented family , newly ennobled through his father, admiral at Ac

nius Asprenas as his legate. 5 In the East, L. Volusius Saturninus, a family friend of Tiberius, is attested as governor of Sy

L. Calpurnius Piso (cos. 15 B.C.) was connected, it is true, with the family of Caesar; but the bond had not been tightened. P

who enjoyed high social distinction although the first consul in his family . 6 After Lamia came Cossus Cornelius Lentulus (co

;443 The same proud insistence on the inherited virtue of class and family stands out in Horace’s laudation of the young Cla

red in this year, conspirators punished. 3 Legislation concerning the family , that was a novelty, but the spirit was not, for

rate. 5 The aim of the new code was no less than this, to bring the family under the protection of the State a measure quite

th needed to support the political and social dignity of a senatorial family imposed a rigorous limit upon its size. Augustus

apia Poppaea had wife or child. 2 One of them came of a noble Samnite family now reconciled to Rome: it might be added that th

cestral virtues. But the ancient piety and frugality, respect for the family and loyalty to bonds of sentiment and duty were r

g party of puritan nationalists. Augustus himself came of a municipal family . To his origin from a small and old-fashioned t

if ever a statesman was. But his devotion to the ancient ideal of the family and even to the ancient worship of the gods appea

tiquarianism. But the religion of the State, like the religion of the family , was not totally repugnant to sentiment. It was p

ps to Horace; 4 and Piso satisfied the philhellenic traditions of his family by supporting a Greek versifier, Antipater of The

s would be a soldier: nullus de nostro sanguine miles erit. 5 The family had been despoiled of property during the Civil W

Galli, and influential friends, Maecenas and the Volcacii, a Perusine family of consular standing. 7 Like his kinsman, C. Prop

ning the loyalty of the people and inculcating a suitable lesson. The family policy of the New State was vividly and triumphan

years later. On its sculptured panels could be seen the Princeps, his family and his friends moving in solemn procession to sa

e act of sacrifice after he has seen the portent that promises to his family an abiding home in Italy. Pax Augusta could not

ls as well as formidable in attack. Labienus came of a loyal Pompeian family reduced in circumstances: he lived in poverty and

sources and tightened their alliances. Thus did Servilia work for her family , capturing the Aemilian connexion. But alliances

’s enemy contracted with the daughter of Antonius and Octavia. Of the family of Brutus, his sister, Cassius’ wife, was the las

Tacitus, Ann. 4, 68 ff.), suffect consul in A.D. 36, belonged to this family . 2 Tacitus, Ann. 3, 76. The most germane were n

rtner for Quirinius’ Aemilia Lepida, who bore him a son with whom the family ended. M. Hortensius Hortalus, the grandson of th

rious orator, was subsidized by Augustus and encouraged to bring up a family : Tiberius refused to help, and it lapsed into a s

ium domuum adversa’, the victims of secret political intrigues in the family of the Princeps won unhappy prominence. Their m

lood-stained Principate, not the closest in power, in prestige, or in family to the Princeps. Allies and enemies now became in

litrae, after fighting against the great houses, attached them to his family and built up a new faction. By force or craft he

e ran through both parents, could look back through the annals of the family to that Appius Claudius who had promoted the aris

ed by Caligula as his successor, succumbed to the evil destiny of his family conspiracy and a violent death. 4 PageNotes. 49

ro all had Antonian blood in their veins, Nero from both sides of his family . Nero, the last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dyn

ble houses whose pedigrees were closely and fatally entwined with the family tree of the Julio-Claudians. Other families relat

chra: he succumbed to a prosecution in the reign of Tiberius, and the family is not heard of afterwards. 3 The Fabii and the

he Licinii who merged, by adoption after another generation, with the family of L. Calpurnius Piso (cos. 15 B.C.). Pompeius th

, they would disappear, so a wit of the Republic observed. 3 Yet this family survived the alliance with Pompeius Magnus, inher

, who was suppressed for alleged conspiracy against Caligula, and the family can show no consuls in any branch after Nero. 5 T

us Piso married Scribonia, a female descendant of Pompeius; 6 hence a family foredoomed like the Silani, with four brothers al

s and Gabinius. Cicero had been the great novus homo of that age: the family ended with his bibulous son. The marshals and a

cian Fabii; and other novi homines disappear utterly or prolong their family by one generation only. 3 Nor are the new famil

e dual composition of the governing oligarchy, became involved in the family history, court scandals or judicial murders of th

nd Norbanus to the third, Taurus to the fourth. Less spectacular, the family of C. Antistius Vetus (cos. suff. 30 B.C.) lasted

She married the obscure T. Ollius (Tacitus, Ann. 13, 45), of a Picene family , cf. CIL 12, 1919 (Cupra Maritima). Her daughter

sius Saturninus (cos. 12 B.C.,) himself of an ancient and respectable family that had not risen above the praetorship. 6 Eve

cracy, rare and portentous from the disappearance of their peers. The family of M. Plautius Silvanus from Tibur had become con

D. 210, and in A.D. 256. 10 Cf. Groag’s masterly elucidation of his family connexions, Jahreshefte XXI–XXII (1924), Beiblatt

ulation and the husband of princesses. 1 That was the end of a Sabine family . Passienus could not compete with L. Vitellius, t

osition becomes stronger, and a coalition government based largely on family ties has been built up, nobiles like Ahenobarbus,

s before, enhanced by the rival ambitions of Seianus’ faction and the family of Germanicus. At all turns the nobiles were impe

th sides, Pollio augmented the dignity as well as the fortunes of his family . Pollio’s son Gallus married Vipsania, his daught

Julio- Claudian age and died at the age of ninety-three. 2 As for the family of the Cocceii, they had a genius for safety. T

s draw up according to gentilicia, save that Augustus, members of his family , and Roman emperors are entered under their conve

Aelius Lamia, L. (cos. A.D. 3), 362, 436, 437. Aelius Seianus, L., family and origin, 358, 384; improperly derided by Tacit

65 f.; style of politics, 230; use of humanitarian language, 158 ff.; family and kin, 69, 109, 230; descendants, 298, 494. A

215; pietas, 157, 208; his death, 211. Antonius, M. (cos. 44 B.C.), family and relatives of, 63, 64, 103; early career, 41,

192; on literary style, 484; on history, 484; on ‘Patavinitas’, 486; family and descendants, 500. Asisium, 360, 361, 466.

, 522 ff.; literary tastes, 460, 484 f.; opinion about Cato, 506. His family and kinsmen, 83, 112, 127 ff., 150, 340 f., 378 f

efended, 136; character and philhellenic tastes, 135 f., 149 f., 517; family and extraction, 74, 150, 357; descendants, 424, 4

hed to Livia Medullina, 422; to Urgulania, 385, 422; not liked by his family , 433; his Antonian blood, 495; the manner of his

64; relations with Octavianus, 142, 182; death, 217; character, 128; family connexions, 112, 134. Claudius Marcellus, C. (c

362. Ferentum, in Etruria, 361. Ferocia, 299, 320, 482, 512. Feuds, family and personal, 13, 27, 44, 63, 69, 135, 140, 147,

, 60; and agriculture, 450 f. see also Sempronius. Granii, commercial family from Puteoli, 90 f. Granius Petro, Caesarian, 9

um Julii, 292, 356, 455, 502. Julius Caesar, C. (cos. 59 B.C.), his family and connexions, 25, 64, 68; early career, 25, 29,

the tyrannicide, 19, 27, 148. Junius Brutus, M. (pr. 44 B.C.), his family , 27, 44 f., 58; betrothed to Julia, 34; marries C

, 127, 144; in the War of Mutina, 162 ff., 176 ff.; his end, 180; his family and connexions, 64, 134. Junius Brutus Damasipp

114, 128, 134, 142, 147, 164, 167, 169, 170, 322; his character, 128; family and kinsmen, 36, 112, 128. Marcius Philippus, L

ria, 404; his character, 165, 511; rehabilitation, 511; origin of his family , 95, 283. Munatius Plancus Bursa, T., Antonian

; propertied classes, 14, 49, 89, 359; impoverished families 91, 129; family trees, 83, 361; repute and virtues of, 82, 193, 3

D. 6), 424; legate of Varus, 435; proconsul of Africa, 438; important family connexions, 434, 437; descendants, 500. Nonius

t Mutina, 235. Peducaeus, Sex., legate of Caesar, 64, 111, 199; his family , 235. PageBook=>558 Peducaeus, T. (cos. su

vil War, 42 f., 45 ff.; his strategy, 49, 90, 102; his death, 50. His family , 28 f.; relatives, 30 f.; descendants, 228, 423,

Tralles, 262. Quies, 14, 504, 517. Quinctilius Varus, last of his family , 496. Quinctilius Varus, P. (cos. 13 B.C.), 377

n of, under Augustus, 450. Sancus, Sabine god, 83. Sanquinii, local family , 83. Sardinia, in the Triumviral period, 189, 2

bo, L., friend of Augustus, 358, 506; praefectus praetorio, 411, 437; family of, 358, 384, 436 f. Seleucus, admiral from Rho

, 269; deserts to Octavianus, 282; proconsul of Africa, 328, 339; his family and relatives, 269. Sempronius Gracchus, last o

proposes the title of pater patriae, 411; as an orator, 246, 375; on family history, 377; as a patron of letters, 460, 483; h

eius Paterculus, C, his origin, 360; military service, 356, 360, 428; family , 383 f.; dishonesty of his history, 393, 488 f.;

rocurator of Augustus, 356; his four sons, 361; allegations about his family , 487. Vitulasius Nepos, Sex. (cos. suff. A.D. 7

Zeno, of Laodicea, 259. APPENDIX: Families I. THE METELLI The family tree of the Caecilii Metelli has been compiled wi

III, 1229 f.; RA, 304). Certain additions have been made, such as the family of Ap. Claudius Pulcher, the sons of Crassus, and