etellus and Afranius, in which year the domination of that dynast was established (60 B.C.). Tacitus in his Histories told of a gre

1 P. Willems, Le Sénat de la république romaine I (1878), 427 ff., established this total for the Senate of 55 B.C. 2 Sallust,

re. Another year and he was dead (78 B.C.). The government which he established lasted for nearly twenty years. Its rule was thre

Princeps beyond dispute but not at Rome. By armed force he might have established sole rule, but by that alone and not in solid per

al and repair the Commonwealth. 6 With armed men at his back Pompeius established order again and secured the conviction of notorio

r clementia, a Gracchus but lacking a revolutionary programme, Caesar established his Dictatorship. His rule began as the triumph o

mory of Sulla was loathed even by those who stood by the order he had established . Pompeius’ repute was evil enough with his own cl

y and substance, never too warmly to be commended as champions of the established order. No mere concordia ordinum, with senators a

llotted functions a new government of national concentration had been established . Cicero shuddered to think that he would have t

ty had been defeated and proscribed by Sulla. The restored oligarchy, established by violence and confiscation, perpetuated a narro

as a legend upon their coins, and Italia was the new state which they established with its capital at Corfinium. 1 This was secessi

ll political causes in turn, was sincere in one thing, loyalty to the established order. His past career showed that he could not b

spectable family that lacked nobility: his grandfather, a rich banker established at the small town of Velitrae, had shunned the bu

the colonies of Etruria and the region lying towards Ravenna. He now established a base at Arretium, the town of one of his chief

ed to drop it (Seneca, Controv. 2, 4, 13). The origin of it cannot be established : on names in ‘-anius’, cf. Schulze, LE, 531 ff.

ordance of policy and aim. The programme of Cicero had already been established and made public on December 20th. On January 1st

only irregularity practised by the party of the constitution when it ‘ established the Republic upon a firm basis’. While consul, An

both Lepidus and his army were unreliable. So Plancus turned back and established himself at Cularo (Grenoble). There he waited for

to trial and punishment the assassins of Caesar, a special court was established by a law of the consul Pedius; along with these s

eremonial pomp on separate days. A Lex Titia, voted on November 27th, established the Triumvirate according to the Pact of Bononia.

He maintained the grants of Sulla. Further, many of his colonies were established on provincial soil, sparing Italy. A party prevai

or one of his partisans, Calenus, seems to have commanded two legions established in Italy,3 while Pollio held the Cisalpina with a

eir auspices a full settlement was reached. 3 The Triumvirate was re- established . Italy was to be common ground, available for rec

father-in-law. Brundisium united the Caesarian leaders in concord and established peace for the world. It is a fair surmise that th

uccess itself was unsafe as well as dishonourable. 1 New men emerging established claims to the consulate by brutality or by craft.

repute, in the well-ordered state which he almost lived to see firmly established . 1 T. Pomponius Atticus died in 32 B.C., aged sev

ly full sources for the years 33 and 32 B.C., has been satisfactorily established by Kromayer, Hermes XXXIII (1898), 37 ff. 2 Dio

fate—or rather by their own ambition, inadequacy or dishonesty. Sulla established order but no reconciliation in Rome and Italy. Po

evaded on the plea of wars abroad or faction at home. Peace had been established , there was only one faction left—and it was in po

of conquest and pacification went on, or whether order was held to be established , the territories of Augustus’ provincia were to b

pa. The fiction is transparent but not altogether absurd. Unity was established : it was to a Roman proverb about unity that Agrip

ings the equal and colleague of Caesar Augustus. No system was thus established of two partners in supreme power, twin rulers of

pect, did the State take charge of the payments, a special fund being established for the purpose (the aerarium militare). 6 Note

peace by the standing force of nine cohorts of the Praetorian Guard, established in Rome and in the towns of Italy. When address

1937), 337) will fall after 2 B.C. The command over the Vigiles was established in A.D. 6 (Dio 55, 26, 4), the charge of the Anno

. 1 Over all the world were zealous and interested defenders of the established order cities, dynasts and kings, Roman citizens

or some time. None the less, in the ordinances of Augustus as finally established , a man became eligible to assume the quaestorship

w that the low age limit was in force before 23 B.C.: it was probably established in 29-28 B.C. PageBook=>370 The Senate had

eed no recapitulation. Their manoeuvres were seldom frustrated by the established practice of balloting for provinces. The lot was

d and disciplined, for by now the veterans of the Civil Wars had been established in Italian and provincial colonies. Fresh materia

d to the legate of Moesia. 5 However that may be, no consulars can be established in this period, only praetorians in charge of the

. 1 In the meantime a number of permanent boards of senators had been established . The first dealt with roads (20 B.C.); 2 it was c

m A.D. 15 or not long after. 5 Other small groups of consulars were established from time to time, such as an Economy Commission

ustly claim to be the second founder of Rome. A government had been established . The principes viri were tamed, trained and harne

∈ςκτλ. 5 In 19 B.C., but only for a few years, after which Augustus established an imperial mint at Lugdunum, cf. H. Mattingly, B

members to the citizen body. 3 This generosity, which in the past had established Rome’s power in Italy on the broad basis that alo

d fate of literature under the Empire. When the rule of Augustus is established , men of letters, a class whose habit it had been

nerations to civic virtue. The story of the first days of the city, established as the old poet recorded ‘augusto augurio’, calle

for the constitution; and even with praise of Cato Cato stood for the established order. Virgil, Horace and Livy are the enduring

e provinces’ revenge upon Rome. Army and provinces stood firm for the established order. The legions were inspired with a fanatical

of the Triumviral or Augustan novi homines, however, appeared to have established their families securely enough. But good fortune

ic long ago. Marius and Sulla overthrew libertas by force of arms and established dominatio. Pompeius was no better. After that, on

t, he encouraged the hope of development in the future. The New State established as the consolidation of the Revolution was neithe