nce, commerce and industry. The publicani were the fine flower of the equestrian order, the ornament and bulwark of the Roman Stat

d. 3 The bulk of Pompeius’ personal adherents in the senatorial and equestrian orders derived, as was fitting, from Picenum men

tain poems; cf. T. Frank, AJP XL (1919), 407 F. among literary men of equestrian rank on Caesar’s side, note C. Asinius Pollio (Ca

unds from his centurions before the crossing of the Rubicon. Though equestrian officers, whether senators’ sons or not, commonly

ound in the following of a proconsul, in a variety of functions. Such equestrian staff officers were Mamurra, an old Pompeian from

Caesarian. 4 His father, C. Curtius, is designated as a leader of the equestrian order: not only that Curtius was ‘fortissimus et

and BSR Papers XIV (1938), 13. PageBook=>079 Some of Caesar’s equestrian officers may have been ex-centurions. Of the sena

.C., had served under him in the wars, either as a centurion or as an equestrian officer. 1 Saxa may be described as an immigrant

l and luxurious, became quaestor in 44 B.C.2 Of Caesar’s partisans, equestrian or new senators, from the provinces of the West,

a great company of bankers and financiers, the cream and pride of the equestrian order, old friends, loyal associates or grateful

tax-farmers, public contractors, princes of industry and commerce, as equestrian officers in the army superintending supply or com

ld have been a damaging revelation. Salvidienus may well have been an equestrian officer in Caesar’s army. On the local distributi

esarian in sympathy), and D. Carfulenus. The latter was presumably an equestrian officer (Bell. Al. 31, 3) promoted to senatorial

he inseparable Favonius and by his own personal friends and agents of equestrian rank, such as the banker C. Flavius, with no hear

PageBook=>222 watched. As far as concerned the senatorial and equestrian orders, the primacy of Antonius seemed firm enoug

ng such, impaled. Certain of the adherents of Pompeius, senatorial or equestrian in rank, were put to death. 2 After which stern m

ghly reputable praetorian family, L. Vinicius (tribune in 51 B.C.) of equestrian stock from Cales. L. Flavius was an Antonian (Dio

tions ‘my friend, Cornelius Gallus’. 3 The poet may have served as an equestrian officer on the staff of Pollio when he governed t

Note, in this period, L. Ovidius Ventrio, a municipal magistrate with equestrian military service behind him, the first man to be

East except Egypt. Egypt might seem secure, governed by a viceroy of equestrian rank yet there had been Cornelius Gallus. The nex

ht salute the munificent patron of letters, the peculiar glory of the equestrian order modestly abiding within his station; the pe

e Romans did not believe in equality. 1 But passage from below to the equestrian order and from the equestrian order to the Senate

uality. 1 But passage from below to the equestrian order and from the equestrian order to the Senate was to be made incomparably m

, military service. In this way a soldier’s family might rise through equestrian to senatorial rank in two or three generations, a

a court of law; 3 and he advanced the soldier T. Marius of Urvinum to equestrian rank. 4 The Revolution opened, and the New Stat

o higher. After service, it is true, he might be in possession of the equestrian census, and hence eligible for equestrian posts;

ght be in possession of the equestrian census, and hence eligible for equestrian posts; 5 further, it is by no means unlikely that

equestrian posts; 5 further, it is by no means unlikely that sons of equestrian families from the towns of Italy entered the legi

valry commander (praefectus equitum) were reserved for members of the equestrian order, that is to say, for knights (including sen

as no regular promotion, in the army itself, from the centurionate to equestrian posts. The Revolution brought a change, deriving

st themselves temporarily of their rank to become centurions. 2 The equestrian order is recruited in two ways. First, soldiers o

rvice. T. Flavius Petro, from Reate, a Pompeian veteran, had a son of equestrian rank, T. Flavius Sabinus the tax gatherer, who wa

ius Pollio (the son of a freedman). PageBook=>355 Thus was the equestrian order steadily reinforced from beneath; and it tr

the knights acquire from the Princeps both usefulness and dignity. An equestrian career of service in the army, in finance and in

of mobility, supply and strategy, at once enhancing the importance of equestrian praefecti. Not merely in charge of detachments or

e practice always confined to Egypt elsewhere for the needs of war an equestrian officer might be placed in temporary charge of a

y Augustus were placed under the charge of prefects or procurators of equestrian rank. Such were Raetia and Noricum. When Judaea w

rom Tibur, became its first governor; 1 and in a time of emergency an equestrian officer governed Cyrene. 2 None of these province

s chosen to command the Praetorian Guard. Less important stages in an equestrian career that might culminate in the governorship o

r it is evident that the Senate after Sulla contained many members of equestrian families. 5 Like other senators outside the circl

’s Dictatorship, proceeded to confer the latus clavus on young men of equestrian stock, encouraging them to stand for the office o

e senatorial life; of which very rational distaste both Augustus’ own equestrian grandfather and his friends Maecenas and Proculei

nights. C. Velleius Paterculus, of Campanian and Samnite stock, after equestrian service at last became quaestor. 1 Contemporary a

Nursia, in the recesses of the Sabine land, served in the army as an equestrian officer:6 his son became a senator, his daughter

ecisely when he had every reason to expect the right kind of senator: equestrian distaste for public life and for politics (the pe

encouraged the towns to commend candidates for military posts in the equestrian service. 1 Further, he devised a scheme for makin

the equestris militia; 3 further, they held procuratorships and high equestrian posts under Augustus, which gave them rank compar

assin C. Cassius under the Lex Pedia. 1 Velleius’ father served as an equestrian officer. 2 After equestrian service himself, Vell

ex Pedia. 1 Velleius’ father served as an equestrian officer. 2 After equestrian service himself, Velleius entered the Senate. 3 T

enturions were normally summoned to the general’s council. Again, the equestrian officer might turn out to be a valuable person, w

e introduced no startling novelties. As before, senior centurions and equestrian officers were a repository of wisdom; both centur

slaves it was not until A.D. 6 that he took the step of appointing an equestrian official, the praefectus vigilum. 1 In the meanti

nnonae of that year and the next, whose function passed at once to an equestrian prefect. 6 Again, appeals from the provinces were

s Maximus. These persons, it is true, have no known history among the equestrian councillors of the Princeps, but any Prefect of E

ocess, which belong generations earlier when provincials were already equestrian officers and political or financial agents of the

f.; his marriages, 189, 213, 229 PageBook=>539 Aulienus, Sex., equestrian officer from Forum Julii, 367. Aurelia, mother

t;541 Cappadocia, King of, 260, 301. Capua, 84. Carfulenus, D., equestrian officer and senator, 132, 235. Carisius, P., pa

ived in 22 B.C., 339. Centurions, 70, 79 f., 243, 395; promotion to equestrian rank under the Principate, 353. Chumstinctus, N

progeny, 378. PageBook=>542 Claudius Cleonymus, Ti., Greek in equestrian service, 506. Claudius Dinippus, Ti., Greek in

Greek in equestrian service, 506. Claudius Dinippus, Ti., Greek in equestrian service, 506. Claudius Drusus, Nero (cos. 9 B.C.)

onciliated by Antonius, 262 f.; derided by Juvenal, 490; in the Roman equestrian service, 506; in the Senate, 365 ff. Hadrian, t

. Junius Gallio, rhetorician and senator, 367. Junius Montanus, T., equestrian officer with long service, 356. Junius Silanus, D

. Octavius, the Marsian, Caesarian partisan, 91, 200. Octavius, C., equestrian grandfather of Augustus, 112, 359. Octavius, C.,

262. Potentia, 472 f. Praecia, political intriguer, 385. Praefecti, equestrian , 70 f., 353, 355 f. Praefectus annonae, 357, 40

f. Provincials, in the Senate, 79 f., 367, 455 f., 501 ff.; in the equestrian service, 367, 506; in the legions, 295, 457; weal

ndhal, compared with Pollio, 485. Stertinius Xenophon, C., Greek in equestrian service, 506. Stoicism, 57, 247, 321, 461, 519.

456. Titinius, partisan of Octavianus, 236. Titinius Capito, C., equestrian civil servant, 514. Titiopolis, in Cilicia, 281.

8. Vediovis, worshipped by the Julii, 68, 454. Vedius Pollio, P., equestrian friend of Augustus, 342, 452; activities in Asia,

cestors, 83, 354, 561. Vespasii, of Nursia, 83. Vespasius Pollio, equestrian officer, 361. Vestini, senator from 361. Vetera