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1 (1960) THE ROMAN REVOLUTION
. The debt of Tacitus to Sallustius in style and colouring is evident enough : their affinity goes much deeper than words. Nor
more sharply be revealed by unfriendly presentation. But it is not enough to redeem Augustus from panegyric and revive the
parties of Pompeius and of Caesar had hardly been strong or coherent enough to seize control of the whole State and form No
g property or changing the value of money. The financiers were strong enough to ruin any politician or general who sought to s
s. Nor was Pompeius in any way to their liking. His family was recent enough to excite dispraise or contempt, even among the p
e asked for Cato’s niece in marriage. 1 Cato rebuffed him. Baffling enough after an absence of five years, Roman politics we
te and guided by modest and patriotic principes. 2 Which was harmless enough , had he not been emboldened to announce in the Se
he constitution served the purposes of generals or of demagogues well enough . When Pompeius returned from the East, he lacked
with Ap. Claudius Pulcher for colleague (54 B.C.). Neither was strong enough to harm Pompeius; and Ap. Pulcher may already hav
bring their levies at his command. Magnus, it might seem, was strong enough to prevent civil war, free to negotiate without b
upon Caesar there stands the best of testimony ’my life has been long enough , whether reckoned in years or in renown. ’ The wo
hy’, whatever meaning may attach to that phrase. The Dictatorship was enough . The rule of the nobiles, he could see, was an an
who stood by the order he had established. Pompeius’ repute was evil enough with his own class; when he formed an alliance wi
from their ambitious and fraudulent devices. The Marcii were powerful enough to obtrude an ancestor upon the list of the kings
l remain obscure and controversial. In itself, the process is natural enough ; and it is confirmed not a little by subsequent a
was taken long before it was manifest and announced. It is evident enough that Caesar’s new senators, some four hundred in
rant fell and the constitution was restored, would Antonius be strong enough to hold party and government together? NotesPag
ok=>114 Exorbitant ambition mated with political maturity is not enough to explain the ascension of Octavianus. A sceptic
ldiers, their programme and their catchwords. If the process goes far enough , a faction may grow into something like a nationa
ould then have to postpone the avenging of Caesar until he was strong enough , built up by Republican help, to betray the Repub
much more than his patrimony. The diversion of public funds was not enough . Octavianus also won the support of private inves
The new consuls had a policy of their own, if only they were strong enough to achieve it. Public pronouncements on matters
sordid and degrading. But if the enterprise and the profits are large enough , bankers and merchants may be styled the flower o
Sulpicius Rufus. Nor had the years of Caesar’s Dictatorship furnished enough consuls of ability and authority to fill the gaps
an equal. Antonius had been thwarted and defeated at Mutina. That was enough . It lay neither in the plans nor even in the powe
nd his allies did not claim to be the government or the State: it was enough that their rivals should be thwarted and impotent
act of Bononia. There were many men alive who remembered Sulla. Often enough before now proscriptions had been the cause of se
the western seas and in the islands. There had been delay and warning enough . For the Triumvirs it was expedient to drive thei
the most wealthy cities of Italy. 3 What had already happened was bad enough . After the victory of the Caesarians impended the
s in 57 B.C. (Plutarch, Cato Minor 35). The name ‘Canidius’, familiar enough to literature from Horace’s witch Canidia, is exc
taius Murcus. When Octavianus arrived, the Caesarian fleet was strong enough to force the passage. Their supremacy at sea wa
aly from the east, Pompeius from the south and west. If this were not enough , all his provinces were assailed at once. Pompeiu
senatorial and equestrian orders, the primacy of Antonius seemed firm enough governing his provinces were the most prominent a
he fame of Pompeius Magnus belonged to an earlier age. Pietas was not enough . Greek freedmen were his counsellors, his agents
mp of Lepidus, with the name of Caesar as his sole protection: it was enough . 4 The soldiers had no opinion of Lepidus and thi
no rational hope any more. There was ordered government, and that was enough . Private gratitude had already hailed the young
the faction and the first revolutionary venture. Consulars were rare enough on either side. The most prominent of them, Polli
to provide the inhabitants with pure water or cheap food that was not enough . The services of Agrippa, the soldier and enginee
how no member of consular age or standing. The patricians were sparse enough at the best of seasons: Octavianus created new fa
ntiments. 2 Neither Brutus nor Calvus found Cicero firm and masculine enough for their taste. 3 Of those great exemplars non
te. 3 Of those great exemplars none had survived; and they left few enough to inherit or propagate their fame. Pomp and harm
nd relationships of private life. The revulsion from politics, marked enough in the generation that had survived the wars of M
not be convincing evidence, for it may derive from a belief, natural enough , in the authenticity of the very plausible Epistu
the senior partner. His prestige, though waning, was still formidable enough in 33 B.C.; and it is fatally easy to overestimat
e influence in Asia, founding thereby a line of kings. 6 It was not enough to acquire the adherence of influential dynasts o
n Armenia by planting garrisons over the land perhaps he did not have enough legions. Thus Artavasdes, given impunity, could d
n province and the Mede in alliance, the Roman frontier seemed secure enough . Only a few months passed, however, and the crisi
ullus and Favonius, the old admirer of Cato. There remained, however, enough distinguished survivors to support a new combinat
Cleopatra beyond all measure and decency. To ruin Antonius it was not enough that she should be a siren: she must be made a Fu
irony: the grandiose conquests of Antonius would surely be more than enough to provide bounties or lands for the armies of th
ctavianus an insecure control of Rome and Italy. But violence was not enough : he still lacked the moral justification for war,
ce and private ties, casual corruption or local intimidation were not enough . Lack of conviction as well as lack of organizati
ore recently, Perusia. For any contest it would have been difficult enough to enlist Italian sentiment. Italy had no quarrel
knew what war was like. On a cool estimate, the situation was ominous enough . NotesPage=>289 1 Cicero, Phil. 7, 23 f.
To serve the policy of Rome and secure the eastern frontiers, it was enough to invoke the arts of diplomacy and the threat of
grant of proconsular imperium. That such there was, however, is clear enough . Premerstein (Vom Werden und Wesen des Prinzipats
to. As it stood, the Roman constitution would serve his purpose well enough . It is, therefore, no paradox to discover in the
words have a venerable and antiquarian ring. That is all; and that is enough to show them up. Suetonius, however, a student
nstitutional settlement any more conspicuous. Most of them were young enough , for advancement had been swift and dazzling. Yet
1 The truth of the matter will never be known: it was known to few enough at the time, and they preferred not to publish a
of which, cf. J. G. C Anderson in JRS XVII, 33 ff.). It is reasonable enough to suppose that the powers granted in this year w
their public and plausible justification, Words and phrases were not enough . Piso and Sestius, ex-Republicans in the consulat
ld be some warrant for speaking of a veiled coup d’état. It was bad enough that the young man should become consul at the ag
PageBook=>348 The appointment of a single deputy-leader was not enough . Agrippa at once proceeded to his duties. Before
C. PageBook=>370 The Senate had been purged once. That was not enough for Augustus. He may have hoped to renew the work
asure of the Ptolemies, the nobility could not compete. Even if lucky enough to have retained their ancestral estates, they we
they once had shared the spoils of the provinces. Augustus was ready enough to bestow emolument upon impoverished nobles or m
rank. 7 The patronage which he could exert would have been formidable enough , even if he had not been Prefect of the Guard and
stige was his object, diplomacy his method. 3 The threat of force was enough . The King of the Parthians was persuaded to surre
cius in Germany (c. A.D. 2) and coolly at that (2, 104, 2). Naturally enough , not a word of Ahenobarbus or even of Quirinius.
bility and the inherited habit and prerogative of leadership were not enough , the proconsul could invoke the advice of experie
is post was no innovation, but the stabilization of a practice common enough in the armies of Pompeius and Caesar and extended
names that mattered in the critical period in question, but they are enough to illuminate the varied composition of the élite
30). The central government under the Principate, however, was strong enough to do without such a prohibition. 3 BCH XII (18
departure. 1 Not at all: both the Princeps and his party were strong enough to stand the strain. Though a certain lull prevai
e could have dealt with the matter there. His programme was unpopular enough with the aristocracy, and the most circumspect of
C.,) C. Sentius Saturninus and P. Quinctilius Varus. But that was not enough . Gaius was sent out, accompanied by M. Lollius as
on, but not their own sons the young men inherited nobility, that was enough . Caution, abetted by the memory of old feuds or s
ovi homines. A new government is already in being. Yet this was not enough to preclude rumours, and even risks. As the healt
or merit and firm rule in Rome, Italy and the provinces, that was not enough . Peace came, and order; but the State, still so
res’ needed to be professed and inculcated, if not adopted. It is not enough to acquire power and wealth: men wish to appear v
ng Claudii: fortes creantur fortibus et bonis. 1 But that was not enough , even in the Claudii: the poet proceeds, doctri
certain duplicity in the social programme of the Princeps is evident enough . More than that, the whole conception of the Roma
was another side to that. Yet the strong suspicion of fraud is not enough to lame the efficacy of the Augustan reform or da
sus honores, census amicitias: pauper ubique iacet. 3 Laws were not enough . The revolutionary leader had won power more thro
the mysterious mistake to which the poet refers was probably trivial enough . 2 But Augustus was vindictive. He wished to make
at injured morality was being avenged. The auctoritas of Augustus was enough . 3 Ovid received instructions to depart to Tomi,
austere appeal of the traditional gods of Rome. Nor was Divus Julius enough . His son could hardly have prevented, even had it
f. PageBook=>478 Yet on the whole the provinces were contented enough , for they had known worse, and could see no prosp
w to manhood in the happy prime of the restored Republic makes a poor enough showing, with Ovid to sustain the splendour and d
ate. The variations of the technique are curious and instructive. Not enough to celebrate in fulsome language the ‘inenarrabil
ed in the struggles of the dynasts. For many of them it had been hard enough to preserve and perpetuate the glory of their sta
The Cornelii Lentuli grew smaller and smaller: if they went on long enough , they would disappear, so a wit of the Republic o
omines, however, appeared to have established their families securely enough . But good fortune seldom accompanied their descen
rtain stocks of the new nobility, however, were prudent and tenacious enough to ensure consuls for several generations, Calvis
Domitius Ahenobarbus was the grandfather of the Emperor Nero has been enough to redeem him from oblivion or from panegyric he
for a season its formal and legal existence, there had been deception enough in the assertion of Republicanism. With monarchy
rhaps went too far when he spoke of ‘dux sacratus’. 3 But Dux was not enough . Augustus assumed the irreproachable garb of Prin
ti are revealed, L. Nonius (Asprenas) and a fragmentary name of which enough survives to show that it was Marcius. 35 B.C. T
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