variously computed, from the winning of sole power by the last of the dynasts through the War of Actium, from the ostensible re

allies, without a following. That axiom holds both for the political dynasts of the closing age of the Republic and for their

he Rubicon, but with the compact of 60 B.C., devised by the political dynasts Pompeius, Crassus and Caesar to control the State

Great. Stricken by the ambitions, the alliances and the feuds of the dynasts , monarchic faction- leaders as they were called,

ith proscription and murder of the best men; for the ambitions of the dynasts provoked war between class and class. Naked power

won concentrated support for the rising politician. The nobiles were dynasts , their daughters princesses. Marriage with a well

and Piso were the most conspicuous, but not the only adherents of the dynasts , whose influence decided the consular elections f

ntent thus to satisfy both personal honour and the convenience of the dynasts , the tribune proceeded to reinforce his own influ

wn in Spain to support his predominance at Rome. The enemies of the dynasts paid for their confidence or their illusions. A

rvading auctoritas of a senior statesman. Augustus, the last of the dynasts , took direct charge of the greater military provi

remedy was simple and drastic. For the health of the Roman People the dynasts had to go. Augustus completed the purge and creat

ces and confounding the oligarchy by pertinacious proposals that both dynasts should surrender their armies and save the Common

in the Senate again, revealing an overpowering majority against both dynasts . 2 The consul C. Marcellus denounced the apathy o

ty in the Senate, nearly four hundred against twenty-two, wished both dynasts to lay down their extraordinary commands. 3 A ras

times in the past. Exceptions had been made before in favour of other dynasts ; and Caesar asserted both legal and moral rights

s appeared to have triumphed. They had driven a wedge between the two dynasts , winning over to their side the power and prestig

ing his title to the Roman citizenship. The pact of Luca reunited the dynasts and saved their agent. When the case came up for

to Rome since the great Punic War, and Caesar filched the Balbi, the dynasts of Gades, from Pompeius’ following to his own. He

forgotten Marius and the war against Jugurtha. 1 In the East kings, dynasts and cities stood loyal to Pompeius as representat

tors, knights and centurions, business men and provincials, kings and dynasts . Some fell in the wars, like Gabinius and Curio:

in the Samnite country, reinforced the new nobility. 6 These foreign dynasts were taken up and brought in by certain patrician

tive demagogue Livius Drusus, a friend and associate of certain local dynasts ,2 the Italians took up arms. It was not to extort

ood statesman would not be deserted by his peers, coerced by military dynasts or harried by tribunes. This treatise was publi

of genuine renown. The good statesman will not imitate those military dynasts : but he needs fame and praise to sustain his effo

aborate and no doubt necessary precautions for personal security, the dynasts met in conference on a small island in a river ne

But prestige it still guaranteed, and the conferment of nobility. The dynasts made arrangements for some years in advance which

t the proscriptions which it was his duty to announce. 3 If the three dynasts be excluded, the surviving consulars now numbered

, the remnants of twenty-eight legions. Of the acts and policy of the dynasts , the share of Caesar’s heir was arduous, unpopula

Macedonia, formed their frontier by land. To the inferior Lepidus the dynasts resigned possession of Africa, which for three ye

s. 4 It might not have happened: the armed confrontation of the angry dynasts at Brundisium portended a renewal of warfare, pro

to be a girl (the elder Antonia, born in 39 B.C.), the compact of the dynasts a mere respite in the struggle. That was not to b

tune of war had been manifestly on his side. The complacency of the dynasts and the nuptials of Antonius were soon clouded by

he refused, from disgust of politics. Resentful and suspicious, the dynasts met at Tarentum. Both the patience of Antonius an

s through desperate valour at Thapsus and Munda; and princes or local dynasts in foreign lands had lapsed by now to the Caesari

frica disturbed the balance of power and disconcerted Antonius. Three dynasts had held the world in an uneasy equilibrium. With

uld Antonius demand lands for the veterans of his legions, should the dynasts , fulfilling a solemn pledge, restore the Republic

igners. Aliens had served in the legions of the Roman People; and the dynasts were lavish in grants of the franchise. In times

ion revealed grave defects in system and personnel most of the native dynasts proved incompetent or treacherous. In many of the

rritories, for Cleopatra received no greater accession than did other dynasts ; 2 but her portion was exceedingly rich. Her rev

llegiance. Pompeius Magnus, binding to his clientela all the kings, dynasts and cities of the wide East, had shown the way to

kings. 6 It was not enough to acquire the adherence of influential dynasts over all the East, friends of Rome and friends of

came a sudden revival, heralded by the private correspondence of the dynasts , frank, free and acrimonious and designed for pub

e Roman People. The charges and counter-charges in the dispute of the dynasts , whether legal or personal, were no novelty to a

fender and were firmly attached to his clientela. For the rest, local dynasts exerted their influence to induce the municipal s

ed empire. The temporary severance of East and West between the two dynasts after the Pact of Brundisium had been prejudicial

rld was to be perpetuated? The limit between the dominions of the two dynasts , the Ionian Sea, and, by land, a narrow and impas

any more. Yet if the coming struggle eliminated the last of the rival dynasts and there by consummated the logical end of the f

he local magnates, whether Roman colonists and business men or native dynasts , were firmly devoted to the Caesarian cause. Men

Cassius, or by Antonius. Octavianus deposed a certain number of petty dynasts or city tyrants. The greater vassals, however, he

e national honour clamoured for a war of revenge; and the last of the dynasts might desire to outshine all the generals of the

ho sought power illegally and held it for glory and for profit. Rival dynasts rent the Empire apart and destroyed the Free Stat

inces knew him as their founder or their patron, kings, tetrarchs and dynasts over the wide empire were in his portion as allie

nage, especially the consulate, precisely after the manner of earlier dynasts , but with more thoroughness and without oppositio

When the Caesarian armies prevailed and the Republic perished, three dynasts divided and ruled the Roman world: their ambition

e zealous and interested defenders of the established order cities, dynasts and kings, Roman citizens and natives. The provin

erod, whom Agrippa prized so highly, Polemo of Pontus or the Thracian dynasts , all worked for Rome, as though provincial govern

ce and for glory: behind the façade of the constitution the political dynasts dealt out offices and commands to their partisans

itical dynasts dealt out offices and commands to their partisans. The dynasts had destroyed the Republic and themselves, down t

tes of Ventidius and Carrinas in 43 B.C. showed the way. At first the dynasts were temperate. Then after the Pact of Brundisium

tate found himself the richest man in all the world. Like the earlier dynasts , he spent for power and ostentation to gratify so

Sec. PageBook=>383 The acts and devices whereby the political dynasts of the previous age disposed of provincial comman

en who managed the private finances and political machinations of the dynasts , such as Pompeius’ agent Demetrius, the affluent

pated in politics. The principes of the dying Republic behaved like dynasts , not as magistrates or servants of the State. Aug

their total and their prestige had sunk still further except for the dynasts Antonius, Octavianus and Lepidus, only four of th

Italy could be firmly held for the Princeps in his absence by party- dynasts without title or official powers. In 26 B.C. Taur

place. Demanded by the needs of government, the separation of the two dynasts also helped to remove causes of friction and cons

ore advisable for the government that is, the Princeps and the party- dynasts to sound the feelings of the senators, avoid surp

towns (perhaps ex-magistrates). 2 The municipia, or rather the local dynasts who controlled them, were sufficiently aware of t

d lord of the land. Elsewhere in the East Augustus inherited from the dynasts Pompeius, Antonius and Caesar, along with their c

ansgressions of the wealthy. Rome seldom intervened against the local dynasts . C. Julius Eurycles, the lord of Sparta and great

he army and with the Roman People. 1 Hence the veterans and the local dynasts would sharply have dealt with social discontent o

more than mere faction-leaders; yet the personal domination of those dynasts never meant so drastic a depression of the nobile

es begot feuds, and the nobiles were involved in the struggles of the dynasts . For many of them it had been hard enough to pres

oble families old and recent. The dominant figures of the monarchic dynasts , Sulla, Pompeius and Caesar, engross the stage of

ata, there arose indignant protest in his privy council those wealthy dynasts would swamp out descendants of noble houses and i

mixed, the descendants or the peers of colonial magnates or of native dynasts who received the citizenship from proconsuls of t

ors, or any of the rulers of Rome, introduced his clients, the tribal dynasts of Comata, into the Senate. This measure, however

d in truth be called the Commonwealth, ‘res publica’. The last of the dynasts prevailed in violence and bloodshed. But his pote

t of the principes and better than all of them. They had been selfish dynasts , but he was ‘salubris princeps’. He might easily

and of imperium the Princeps acknowledges his ancestry, recalling the dynasts Pompeius and Caesar. People and Army were the s

of civil war, 440, 507, 515; on Pompeius, 9; disapproval of political dynasts , 9, 442, 515; on Libertas, 155; on Augustus, 3; o

cipes, definition of, 10, 311; ideal principes, 37, 145; as political dynasts , 8 f., etc.; inadequacy of principes in 43 B.C.,

d friend of Varro, 31. Tribunate, 16, 52, 120. Tribunes, use of, by dynasts , 29, 32, 35, 41; sacrosanctity of, 233, 336. Tr