he Senate, itself an oligarchy, a narrow ring, namely the nobiles, or descendants of consular houses, whether patrician or plebeian

ld, cannot attribute nobilitas to C. Fonteius and L. Licinius Murena, descendants of ancient and famous houses of praetorian rank.)

tlawed his adversaries, confiscated their property and deprived their descendants of all political rights. Caesar, advocating cleme

enate at Rome have been an extreme honour and unmixed blessing to the descendant of Etruscan kings or even to an Italian magnate.

irst of new families to attain the consulate. Beside them stand three descendants of patrician houses, Ap. Claudius Pulcher (cos. 3

and cos. suff. 38, and Marcius, cos. suff. 36). Ten only are sons or descendants of consular families. There remain twenty-five me

nobiles as the three Valerii, Cinna’s grandson, or Cn. Pompeius, the descendant of Sulla the Dictator. After 28 B.C only two of t

ns of men who had fallen in the last struggle of the Republic, or the descendants of families to which the consulate passed as an i

r. PageBook=>342 The Roman loathed the effeminate and sinister descendant of Etruscan kings who flaunted in public the luxu

heir power. M. Vipsanius Agrippa was a better Republican than all the descendants of consuls his ideal of public utility was logica

tury later the imperial Senate of Rome welcomed to its membership the descendants of kings and tetrarchs. 2 In the provinces of t

dmitted provincials. No evidence that Augustus expelled them all. The descendants of the Narbonensian partisans remained. 1 Of the

t of the nobiles in his youth. Before his marriage to Livia, only one descendant of a consular family (Cn. Domitius Calvinus) belo

. the remarks of E. Groag, P-W VI, 1784. PageBook=>377 The dim descendants of forgotten families were discovered in obscurit

families by a law of 30 B.C.8 Among the partisans thus honoured were descendants of ancient plebeian houses, such as the renegade

family, Samnite local gentry, stood by Rome in the Bellum Italicum: a descendant was Prefect of Egypt under Augustus. 3 On the oth

p. 406, n. 3. 2 Below, p. 434 f. 3 On Minatus Magius of Aeclanum, descendant of Decius Magius of Capua, and his activities in

4 At Rome the Princeps seized control of all games and largesse. The descendants of great Republican houses still retained popular

able to enlist whole communities and wide regions in his clientela. 2 Descendants of Pompeius survived: no chance that they would b

Maecenas gradually lost ground. When life ebbed along with power, the descendant of kings who had led to battle the legions of Etr

n one pair of consuls becomes regular. On the Fasti now prevail the descendants of ancient houses, glorious in the history of the

imi’. 2 Too much, perhaps, to hope for the power themselves but their descendants might have a chance or a portion. The Princeps mi

of Drusus and Antonia; two of them were artfully interlocked with the descendants of Augustus through his daughter Julia, Germanicu

isdaining, to join the inner circle of the dynastic group, namely the descendants of Cinna, Sulla, Crassus and Pompeius. Some misse

bonius Libo, the father-in-law of Sex. Pompeius; 1 and there were now descendants of Pompeius and Scribonia, who intermarried with

n the six years following the return to power of Tiberius, along with descendants of the old nobility, like the patricians M. Aemil

ndividuals were poor, but the State was rich. His immoral and selfish descendants had all but ruined the Roman People. Conquest, we

ed the market with captives of alien and often inferior stocks. Their descendants swelled and swamped the ranks of the Roman citize

now transcended the geographical limits of Italy, for it included the descendants of Italian colonists and natives who had received

crifices there, accompanied by the procession of his sixty-one living descendants in three generations. 4 Even slaves could be comm

of a robust democrat. Juvenal derives his names and examples from the descendants of the Republican nobility but not the living. Fe

efeated the Aemilii and the Antonii: to rule at Rome, he needed their descendants . The heir to his power was a Claudian. PageNote

nt, confined to islands. So much for the nearest of his kin among the descendants of the Julii. Iullus Antonius, the alleged paramo

e family of L. Calpurnius Piso (cos. 15 B.C.). Pompeius the Great had descendants only through collaterals or through the female li

For the stemma of Messallina, cf. PIRl V 89. 6 For a stemma of the descendants of Sulla, of necessity conjectural, cf. PIR2 C, f

adoxical and fatal results, dragging other families down to ruin. 1 A descendant of Pompeius Magnus raised civil war against Claud

, provide a continuous list of victims, blended and involved with the descendants of Pompeius and Crassus. A son of L. Calpurnius P

and Crassus. A son of L. Calpurnius Piso married Scribonia, a female descendant of Pompeius; 6 hence a family foredoomed like the

ian partisans Vatinius, Trebonius, Hirtius and Pansa left no consular descendants , any more than had Pompeius’ consuls Afranius and

attempt to assassinate his grim parent. 4 PageNotes. 498 1 On the descendants of Taurus, with consuls under Claudius, P-W III a

d M. Herennius (cos. 34 B.C.) each had a consular son, but no further descendants . 4 Seneca, De clem. 1, 15. PageBook=>499

r families securely enough. But good fortune seldom accompanied their descendants . The families of two Pompeian partisans, L. Scrib

six sons, of whom three at least attained to consular rank:4 a direct descendant was consul under Trajan. 5 In the Flavian period

sul in 116, by which time that name stood for the bluest blood. 8 The descendants of another novus homo, L. Nonius Asprenas (cos. s

were others: at this time there can have been in existence few direct descendants even of a Triumviral consul. 10 PageNotes. 500

s Lamia by birth, of which house after the consul of A.D. 3 no direct descendants are known. 8 Juvenal speaks of Domitian as ‘Lam

nt protest in his privy council those wealthy dynasts would swamp out descendants of noble houses and impoverished senators from La

the first provincial emperors, of stock Italian, native or mixed, the descendants or the peers of colonial magnates or of native dy

des two consuls, a Valerius from Vienna and a Domitius from Nemausus, descendants of native families long enfranchised. 1 A few yea

entrust a military province, Hispania Citerior (Tarraconensis), to a descendant of the Republican nobility and a loyal servant of

damning). PageBook=>504 The lesson was not lost. Nero was the descendant of Ahenobarbus, of Antonius, of Augustus. Vespasi

merit that their characters should be colourless and innocuous. Their descendants enjoyed power and repute, their enemies kept sile

use of humanitarian language, 158 ff.; family and kin, 69, 109, 230; descendants , 298, 494. Aemilius Lepidus, M., son of the Tri

11, 171, 206, 328, 329; legate of Hispania Citerior, 329 f., 332; his descendants , 499. Antium, conference at, 116. Antonia, ma

th, 295 ff.; character and reputation, 104 f., 121 f., 150, 277, 442; descendants , 376, 493 ff. Partisans of Antonius, 132, 199 f

llus, 377, 425. Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus, L. (cos. A.D. 32), descendant of Pompeius, 377, 425, 497. Artavasdes, King of

terary style, 484; on history, 484; on ‘Patavinitas’, 486; family and descendants , 500. Asisium, 360, 361, 466. Asturia, 332, 4

112, 127 ff., 150, 340 f., 378 f., 415 ff., 421, 426, 431, 432, etc.; descendants , 493 ff.; his marriages, 189, 213, 229 PageBook

1 B.C.), 363; legate of Moesia, 394, 399, 436; on the Rhine, 437; his descendants , 500. Caecinae, of Volaterrae, 83. Caelius, C.

nic tastes, 135 f., 149 f., 517; family and extraction, 74, 150, 357; descendants , 424, 434, 497. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, L. (cos.

itical and social importance of, 424; connexions, 424, 434, 437, 496; descendants , 496 ff., 500; character and bibulous habits, 436

in Spain, 292, 302 f.; repairs the Via Latina, 402; his origin, 199; descendants , 499 f. Calvus, see Licinius. Camillus, 18, 305

th, 300, 480; his remarkable career, 397; origin and name, 200 f.; no descendants , 498. Caninius Gallus, L. (cos. 37 B.C.), parti

in Spain, 213; in Gaul, 292, 302 f.; his origin and name, 90, 93; no descendants ,498. Carthage, fall of, in relation to Roman hi

lientela among the Transpadani, 465; his brothers, 64; wife, 69, 492; descendants , 492; see also M. Junius Brutus, Liberators. Ca

his brothers and sisters, 20, 23; his two daughters, 45; kinsfolk and descendants , 20, 23, 45, 229, 426. Claudius Pulcher, Ap. (c

cos. 38 B.C.), 229, 237, 238, 239, 327, 368; proconsul of Spain, 292; descendants and relatives, 423, 426, 493. Claudius Pulcher,

lius Cinna, L. (cos. 87 B.C.), 9, 25, 65, 197; his daughters, 20, 25; descendants , 65, 269, 279, 423, 496. Cornelius Cinna, L. (p

, 65, 190; Sullan senators, 78; Sullan creatures, 249; memory of, 65; descendants , 377, 423, 496 f. Cornelius Sulla, L. (cos. 5 B

es Cleopatra, 281; loyalty of, 281, 282; desertion and death of, 296; descendants , 421 f., 494 f., 510. Domitius Ahenobarbus, Cn.

, mother of C. Claudius Marcellus (cos. 50 B.C.), 134. Junia Calvina, descendant of Augustus, 495, 501. Junii, 19, 85, 163, 244,

serts Antonius, 296; made a patrician, 382; illustrious and ill-fated descendants , 495. Junius Silanus, M. (cos. A.D. 46), ‘the g

ndants, 495. Junius Silanus, M. (cos. A.D. 46), ‘the golden sheep’, descendant of Augustus, 1, 439, 495. Jurists, 374, 375, 41

omo and admiral of Octavianus, 200, 237 f., 242, 328; origin, 237; no descendants , 498. Latium, plebeian families from, 85; suppo

f Philippi, 203 ff.; end of, 205 f.; on the side of Antonius, 268 f.; descendants of, 492; their memory honoured at Mediolanium, 46

h Catilina, 26, 60; with financiers, 34, 72; Spanish clientela, 75; descendants , 424, 496 f. Licinius Crassus, M., elder son of

8, 327, 349; claim to spolia opima and clash with Octavianus, 308 f.; descendants , 424, 496 f. Licinius Crassus, M. (cos. 14 B.C.

os. suff. 36 B.C.), Caesarian partisan, 64, 111, 199; his origin, 92; descendants , 500. Nonius Asprenas, (L.), friend of Augustus

435; proconsul of Africa, 438; important family connexions, 434, 437; descendants , 500. Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas, L.

ign of Philippi, 202, 204; in Spain, 239; proconsul of Asia, 303; his descendants , 499. Norbanus Flaccus, C. (cos. 24 B.C.), 325.

h, 381; prejudice against, 357 f., 509 f.; rehabilitation of, 511 f.; descendants of, 498 ff.; their steady advance as a historical

sia, 399, 435; legate of Galatia, 399, 435; in Illyricum, 399, 436; descendants , 500. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus, Ti. (cos. A.D

egy, 49, 90, 102; his death, 50. His family, 28 f.; relatives, 30 f.; descendants , 228, 423, 425, 496 f.; adherents and legates, 31

a secret agent, 407; as a historian, 459; honoured at Mytilene, 263; descendants , 356, 367. Pompeius Trogus, Narbonensian, secre

her other husbands, 229. Scribonia, wife of Sex. Pompeius, 213; her descendants , 425, 496 f. Scribonia, wife of M. Licinius Crass

Sex. Pompeius, 45, 213, 215, 221, 228; joins Antonius, 232, 269; his descendants , 424 f., 497. Scribonius Libo, L. (cos. A.D. 16

a, 398, 425; on the Rhine, 401, 435; Pompeian relationship, 228, 424; descendants , 500. Sentius Saturninus Vetulo, proscribed, 21

econd consulate, 197, 208; career, character and connexions, 69, 136; descendants , 298, 492. Sestius, L. (cos. suff. 23 B.C.), 20

, 390, 429; as a friend of Augustus, 376; origin, 362; his wife, 379; descendants , 435, 500. Sittius, of Cales, 193. Sittius, P

r in general, 325; origin, 237; wealth, 380 f.; connexions, 379, 425; descendants , 498 f. Statilius Taurus, T. (cos. A.D. 11), 42

; legate of Syria, 398; his unpopularity, 376, 478; his wife, 379; no descendants , 498. Titulus Tiburtinus, attribution of, 398 f

a knight, 95; proconsul of Asia, 102 f., 164; his fate, 172, 197; no descendants , 498. Treia, 360. Tremellius Scrofa, Cn., lan

; his consulate, 339; governor of Syria, 303, 309; character, 303; no descendants , 498. Tullius Cicero, Q., 64, 67. Turius, L., o

onarchy, 512; relatives and connexions, 198, 238, 269, 279, 423, 425; descendants , 496. Valerius Messalla Corvinus, M. (cos. A.D.

ed advice, 177; character and policy, 133; his wife, 134; no consular descendants , 498. Vibius Postumus, C. (cos. suff. A.D. 5),

394, 400; in Germany, 393, 401, 431; attitude towards Tiberius, 425; descendants , 499 f.; nothing known to his discredit, 509. V

f. 12 B.C.), 362, 381, 434, 435, 438; connected with Tiberius, 424; descendants , 500. Volusius Saturninus, L. (cos. suff. A.D.

e six that follow claims to be exhaustive, to give all collaterals or descendants . In each of them the most important persons and r

e of Augustus, omits certain childless matches and does not carry his descendants beyond the second generation. IV. THE AEMILII L

Lepidus (cos. 21 B.C.). Groag’s elucidation of the connexion with the descendants of Pompeius and Sulla through the marriage betwee

NDANTS OF POMPEIUS This table illustrates the alliances between the descendants of Pompeius, Sulla, Crassus, and L. Piso (cos. 15

adopted by the last of the Licinii Crassi, the consul of 14 B.C. The descendants of Sulla are taken from Groag’s table, PIR2, C, f