not a single act. Sallustius began his annalistic record with Sulla’s death and the rise to power of Pompeius the Great. Po

an arbiter of high diplomacy; and he lived to within a decade of the death of Augustus. His character and tastes disposed hi

. 4 On the whole, when some fifteen years had elapsed since Sulla’s death , the predominance of the Metelli seemed to be pas

firm condemnation of their treason but sought to avert the penalty of death . It was the excellent consul who carried out th

sassination of a consul. 2 When he died of a natural but providential death the populace broke up his funeral. 3 Strabo was a

re were no words to describe Cn. Pompeius the son. After his father’s death , protected by influential politicians, he lay low

nequivocal or unclouded, endured for some fifteen years after Sulla’s death . Provinces and armies gave resources of patrona

of Gaul filched his laurels, his prestige and his partisans. With the death of Julia, and the disappearance of Crassus, slain

for primacy, not to destroy them. His enemies had the laugh of him in death . Even Pharsalus was not the end. His former ally,

of ruler-worship. PageBook=>055 in misunderstandings. 1 After death Caesar was enrolled among the gods of the Roman S

comfort to their enemies. Certain of the principes by providential death had been spared the experience of another civil w

, the two Luculli, Metellus (Creticus) and Hortensius. On Hortensius’ death , cf. esp. Cicero, Brutus 6 f. The venerable M. Pe

cida, the lover of a Metella (Apuleius, Apol. 10), mercilessly put to death by Q. Metellus Scipio in Africa (Bell. Afr. 46, 3

lexandrinum, with the intention of carrying his narrative down to the death of Caesar; and he produced less unobtrusive works

ther grievances and seeing no redress from Rome after the failure and death of their champion, the conservative demagogue Liv

and they did not think that it was necessary. At the time of Caesar’s death , the armies were held by his partisans, save that

rophilus. Then on a sudden he intervened, punishing the impostor with death . The Liberators had fled the city. Antonius Not

Balkan tribes, loyal allies of the Roman People, were foully done to death . 5 Piso’s colleague Gabinius curled his hair, gav

imself? About the time of the Battle of Forum Gallorum and rumoured death of Pansa, it was widely believed in Rome NotesP

ured in Macedonia. Cicero insisted that the criminal should be put to death : there was nothing to choose between Dolabella an

e domination of Octavianus? Cicero is as bad as Salvidienus. Men fear death , exile and poverty too much. Cicero, for all his

e; the Senate, by a violent usurpation of authority, condemned him to death . 3 The milder version of the fate of Q. Gallius i

d Cassius in Syria. 9 Trebonius the proconsul of Asia had been put to death by Dolabella; but his quaestor P. Lentulus, the s

f the new, senators nominated by the Dictator or introduced after his death , most of them absent from historical record befor

nd C. Sosius, perhaps a Picene, none of them heard of before Caesar’s death . 3 Another novelty was the mysterious family of t

dship, class and country, and bring himself to inflict the penalty of death upon the brother of Antonius. When Brutus heard o

ed as imperator, but reviled Octavianus. A number of them were put to death . 5 A body of nobles had fled to the island of Tha

ered at Brundisium, too weak to proceed. 2 Rumour spoke freely of his death . The rejoicing was premature: Senate and People s

he greater number was not actively impeded. The remainder were put to death among them Ti. Cannutius, the tribune who had pre

n Rome had secured for himself a seat upon the jury that condemned to death the assassins of Caesar. 2 These judicial murders

forces. His admiral was Ahenobarbus, Cato’s nephew, under sentence of death for alleged complicity in the murder of Caesar; h

nd virtuous Octavia, left a widow with an infant son by the opportune death of her husband, C. Marcellus, in this year. Suc

who was arraigned for high treason before the Senate and condemned to death . 6 This was the end of Q. Salvidienus Rufus the p

to mention chance and the incompetence of his enemies, the accidental death of Fufius Calenus and the fatal error of Salvidie

ither of victory nor even of personal security he had recently put to death on the charge of conspiracy a Republican admiral,

fied head, heart and senses, and endured unimpaired to the day of his death . For once in his life he surrendered to emotion:

tering his service. 1 At last Titius captured Pompeius and put him to death , either on his own initiative or at the instigati

adherents of Pompeius, senatorial or equestrian in rank, were put to death . 2 After which stern measures Octavianus, sending

of Jugurtha, he proposed to narrate the revolutionary period from the death of Sulla onwards. Though Sallustius was no blind

wider and even more menacing perspective. They might reflect upon the death of Alexander the Macedonian, the long contests fo

a, who had once been betrothed to Octavianus, bravely followed him in death , true to noble and patrician tradition. She was t

last revels, the last illusory plans and the last despondency before death . After brief resistance Antonius was defeated in

that called forth the shrillest jubilation from the victors, but the death of the foreign queen, the ‘fatale monstrum’. ‘Nun

other victims. As for the Antonians later captured, four were put to death , among NotesPage=>299 1 Plutarch, Antonius

thentic native hero, a god’s son and himself elevated to heaven after death as the god Quirinus. Full honour was done to the

lasting city did a hero win divine honours in life and divinity after death . That was the lesson of Romulus: it was enunciate

consul of Africa is not known. 2 Jerome (Chron., p. 164 h) puts his death in 27 B.C. Dio narrates the prosecution and end o

idienus. Octavianus praised the pietas of the Senate and deplored the death of a friend. 2 Gallus may have been recalled fr

ly or with the venerable adversary whose memory he had traduced after death . Again, Horace in the Odes omits all mention of C

ry and the oratory of Cicero was revived some fifteen years after his death has been maintained by scholars alert to investig

titutions—his whole conception of the Roman State triumphed after his death , receiving form and shape in the New Republic of

s were condemned in absence, captured when evading arrest, and put to death . The Senate sanctioned their doom by its publica

had grown steadily worse, passing into a dangerous illness. Close to death , he gave no indication of his last intentions he

erhaps, but it was disquieting. However, when Augustus in prospect of death made his last dispositions, yielding powers of di

alty to Antonius, Saxa slain by the Parthians, Ventidius of a natural death . Had they survived from good fortune or a better

nobiles. 1 Conspicuous among the latter are men whose fathers through death or defeat in the Civil Wars had missed the consul

riod of thirteen years, only four are recorded, two of them caused by death . 3 Augustus was baffled by circumstances. More an

arcellas, PIR2 C 1102 and 1103. The younger married Paullus after the death of his wife Cornelia in 16 B.C. He died soon afte

4, 1), and, like his father, was much in demand as a match. After the death of his wife (an Aemilia Lepida) he withstood the

s (cos. 21 B.C.) carried out the annexation of the province after the death of Amyntas; then he saw service in Macedonia as p

tia and subdued the Homonadenses. 2 In A.D. 2, after the disgrace and death of Lollius, Quirinius took his place with C. Caes

facts. 1 When Tiberius went from Illyricum to the Rhine after Drusus’ death he was succeeded by Sex. Appuleius (cos. 29 B.C.)

d not lapse with his memorable aedileship, but was sustained till his death , with the help of a large staff of slaves and wor

stituted the first president was Messalla. He held the post until his death . Ateius Capito followed, then the aged Tarius Ruf

tle the legions of Etruria surrendered to self-pity and the horror of death . 1 The better sort of Roman voluptuary waited for

eputy proceeded without any unfortunate incidents in public. With the death of Augustus, the Princeps’ powers lapsed he might

r of his nephew Marcellus. Their triumph was brief and transient. The death of Marcellus, a heavy calamity and much bewailed,

num princeps, deinde future senum. ’ The colony of Pisa, mourning his death , describes him as ‘iam designa|tu[m i]ustis-sumum

leader. may emancipate himself from control, or he may be removed by death . For the moment, Augustus had his way. He was lef

ive nobles were among them. 1 The consular Iullus Antonius was put to death ; 2 the others, the consular T. Quinctius Crispinu

died, of his own hand, so it was reported. Everybody rejoiced at his death , says Velleius, a contemporary witness and a flat

ok=>430 His diplomatic foresight was handsomely requited, before death by the governorship of Syria and after death. The

dsomely requited, before death by the governorship of Syria and after death . The novus homo from the small town of Lanuvium w

till averted by the continuous miracle of Augustus’ longevity. If his death occurred in the midst of the frontier troubles, i

lb. 3, 24. 4 The whole affair is highly obscure. The conspiracy and death of Paullus (Suetonius, Divus Aug. 19, 1) is undat

58, states that Julia was relegated after her husband had been put to death , then recalled, but finally exiled when she prove

us, however, paints an alarming picture of the crisis provoked by the death of Augustus. The exaggeration is palpable and sha

in scruple when scruple cost him nothing. He could wait for Lepidus’ death . Better that he should in recent history the dign

belonged to an old civilization that knew and honoured the majesty of death and the dead. Propertius might have been a high

ake Augustus’ confidence in the efficiency of his government. Herod’s death showed his value it was followed by a rising whic

ly distributed. Augustus alleged that in the Civil Wars he had put to death no citizen of his enemies’ armies who had asked t

evading capture. 1 Pietas justified the prosecution and hounding to death of the assassins of Caesar. It was no doubt recal

y omit certain passages, explaining that they would be read after his death . 4 The last years of Augustus witnessed stern m

incurred by the great ones of earth in their lifetime is silenced in death , being converted into recognition and love: exs

a wild paradox under the Empire. Augustus’ memory might be safe after death to attack or traduce the Founder was an offence a

ns, the last Scipio and the last Appius Claudius Pulcher, were put to death for offences against the State. 2 Another noble,

succumbed to the evil destiny of his family conspiracy and a violent death . 4 PageNotes. 494 1 Tacitus, Ann. 1, 7: ‘per

as blessed with three sons and two daughters, all of whom in turn, by death or relegation, paid full penalty for the exiguous

of incest with one of her brothers (Ann. 12, 4); for the date of her death , cf. Suetonius, Divus Vesp. 23, 4. PageBook=>

of the obscure but newly ennobled Appuleii was extinguished with the death of the young son born to Sex. Appuleius (cos. A.D

State; the better cause for which Cato fought had prevailed after his death when the Roman People was saved from despotism an

io hated Plancus and composed a memoir to be published after Plancus’ death ; 3 and it was Messalla who coined as a title for

the new dispensation. Pollio himself lived on to a decade before the death of Augustus, tough and lively to the end, Messall

), died in A.D. 5 (Jerome, Chron., p. 170b H). The date of Messalla’s death emerges from Frontinus, De aq. 102 (though this h

orum of Mars Ultor. This was the recompense due to ‘boni duces’ after death . 4 Sulla had been ‘Felix’, Pompeius had seized th

document was included in the state papers which the Princeps, near to death , handed over to the consul Piso in 23 B.C. But ea

, F. W. ‘The Chronology of the building operations in Rome from the death of Caesar to the death of Augustus’, Mem. Am. A

gy of the building operations in Rome from the death of Caesar to the death of Augustus’, Mem. Am. Ac. Rome IX (1931), 7 ff

f.; in Sicily, 231 f.; fall of, 231; remains pontifex maxi-musy 447; death , 469; character, 165 f.; style of politics, 230;

gt;536 Aemilius Paullus, L. (cos. A.D. 1), 422, 494; conspiracy and death of, 430, 432. Aemilius Scaurus, Mam. (cos. suff.

gnomen, 157; in the Perusine War, 208 ff., 215; pietas, 157, 208; his death , 211. Antonius, M. (cos. 44 B.C.), family and r

onius, 282; actions in 32 B.C., 280 ff.; strategy, 294 f.; defeat and death , 295 ff.; character and reputation, 104 f., 121 f

1; attitude in 32 B.C., 291; under the Principate, 320, 482, 512; his death , 512.; His character, 5 f.; dislikes Cicero, 166,

option of Tiberius, 431; last years, 431 ff.; last acts, 433, 438 f.; death and deification, 438 f., 521 f.; cult, 469, 524.

in and character, 36, 40, 45; his consulate, 40; kills L. Ticida, 63; death , 50. Caecina, agent of Octavianus, 131, 142, 20

; defended by Cicero, 150; feud with Ap. Pulcher, 41; disillusion and death , 53; talents as an orator, 63, 245. Caenis, fre

265, 266; against Cleopatra, 280; in the War of Actium, 294, 296 f.; death , 300, 480; his remarkable career, 397; origin and

19; in the East, 124, 171 f., 177; campaign of Philippi, 203 ff.; his death , 205; character, 57, 184; his clientela among the

eutral in the Civil War, 62, 64; relations with Octavianus, 142, 182; death , 217; character, 128; family connexions, 112, 134

Marcellus, C, nephew of Augustus, 219, 341, 342, 347, 369, 378, 491; death of, 389. Claudius Marcellus, M. (cos. 51 B.C.),

, 23. Clodius Pulcher, P. (tr. pl. 58 B.C.), 20, 23, 24, 33 f.; his death , 36; friends and allies, 60; shocking vices, 149;

sets out for Syria, 124, 166; actions in the East, 171 f.; defeat and death , 203; his character, 69, 150 f PageBook=>544

78, 281; dislikes Cleopatra, 281; loyalty of, 281, 282; desertion and death of, 296; descendants, 421 f., 494 f., 510. Domi

ius Drusus), 340 f., 378, 395 Alpine campaigns, 390; in Germany, 391; death of, 391; his three children, 422. Drusus, son of

165, 167, 168, 172; rescues Varro, 193; in 42–40 B.C., 202, 210; his death , 213; related to Pansa, 134. Fulvia, wife of M.

ns, 191; in the Perusine War, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212; her flight and death , 215, 217; her children, 189, 299; a rehabilitati

149 f.; trial and condemnation, 48, 66, 144; a Caesarian, 62, 81; his death , 62; no consular son, 498; alleged vices, 149; hi

r, 417, 472, 474; betrothed to Julia Livia, 422; in the East, 428 f.; death , 430. Galatia, in the Triumviral period, 259, 2

ens, M. (cos. suff. A.D. 1), 92. Herod the Idumaean, 201, 260, 474; death of, 412, 476. Herophilus, impostor, 99, 105, 11

63; his policy, 133, 176; in the War of Mutina, 167, 169, 173 f.; his death , 174; his character and activities, 71; writings,

character and wealth, 21; political activity, 22, 23, 28, 33, 39; his death , 44, 61; character of his oratory, 245; his town

63, 64; governor of Macedonia, 110 f.; with the Liberators, 171, 198; death at Philippi, 205. Hostilius Saserna, C., Caesar

ssus, M. (cos. 70 B.C.), 8; his career, 22, 26, 29, 33 f., 35 f., 37; death , 38; his character, 22; wealth, 12; a dictum abou

1, 406; in Gaul, 398, 429; with C. Caesar, 398, 428 ff.; disgrace and death , 428; his son, 435; connexion with the Valerii, 3

0, 427; betrothed to Aemilia Lepida, 379; honours for, 417, 472, 474; death of, 430; mourned at Pisa, 472. Lucretius Carus,

Sex. Appuleius, 483; disdains the senatorial career, 359; decline and death , 409, 412; his wife Terentia, 277, 341; name and

B.C.), Etruscan novus homo, 85, 93. Perperna, M. (cos. 92 B.C.), his death , 61. Perperna, M. (associate of Sertorius), 129

27 f., 269; cult of Neptune, 228; Bellum Siculum, 228 ff.; defeat and death of, 231 f.; relatives, 228, 424 f. Pompeius, Se

break of the Civil War, 42 f., 45 ff.; his strategy, 49, 90, 102; his death , 50. His family, 28 f.; relatives, 30 f.; descend

37, 46; misses the consulate, 40; in the Civil Wars, 46, 49, 50; bis death , 50; character, 26; dominated by Servilia, 23; in

and enemies, 63, 66; his relationship to L. Aemilius Paullus, 69; his death , 76, 110. Scribonius Libo, L. (cos. 34 B.C.), f

betrothed to Octavianus, 182, 189; married to Lepidus’ son, 230; her death , 298. Servilii, 18 f., 21, 23, 69, 84, 420, 492

1; a neutral in the Civil War, 45, 64; attitude in 43 B.C., 164, 170; death , 170, 197; connexions, 64, 134. Superstition, s

(cos. 23 B.C.), 225, 325 f., 329, 333, 358, 483, 504; conspiracy and death of, 333 f.; the problem of his full name, 325 f.;

182 f.; disagreements with Brutus, 147 f., 183 ff.; proscription and death , 192; Pollio’s verdict, 192.; His character, 122,

t, 338, 342, 371, 388 f.; in Spain, 333, 389, 457; in Illyricum, 391; death , 391; character, 341, 343 f; Republicanism, 343,