the year 23 B.C., so that a continuous narrative may run down to that date , thence to diverge into a description of the char

oligarchy. Subject and treatment indicated, it remains to choose a date for the beginning. The breach between Pompeius

turned the year named after the consuls Metellus and Afranius into a date heavy with history. 5 In the next year the domi

onius, Divus Iulius 19, 1. On his influence with Pompeius (at a later date ), comparable to that of the Greek Theophanes, cf.

ular settlements of immigrants and a large number of citizens by this date . L. Decidius Saxa, made tribune of the plebs by C

the regal period. For the evidence, P-W III, 2662 ff. Doubt about the date need not prejudice the fact. 2 For the Valerii,

hankful for, as partisan testimony was prepared to concede at a later date and for abusive comparisons. 1 The consul was f

Madvig choose to omit the word ‘Sextilibus’ wrongly. But even so, the date meant by Cicero is quite certain. PageBook=>

the skill and the resolution to use them. An NotesPage=>120 1 Date and circumstances are vague, various and inconsis

politician. 1 Pansa, however, encouraged Octavianus at a quite early date . Along with Pansa in this context certain other

t et, si non est, tamen videtur. ’ 5 Ad fam. 16, 24, 2 of uncertain date , but fitting November of this year. 6 Ad Att. 1

us but a Republican, Pollio found his loyalties at variance or out of date : it is pretty clear that he had no use for any pa

r provinces, that is, until the end of the year 39 B.C., probably the date originally named in the plebiscite of June 1st.

12, 2 (Feb. 2nd); 3 (later in the month). 2 Phil. 10, of uncertain date . 3 Phil, 10, 13; ILS 9460 (Delos). On the relat

ian provinces which they had refused to take over (P-W x, 1000). This date is probably too late, for it does not allow a suf

n nobilis Cn. Domitius Calvinus prolonged an active career after that date , the solitary relic of a not very distant past.

0 Most of the assassins of Caesar had no doubt left Italy at an early date ; and the party was NotesPage=>198 1 Above,

n, a Lucullus, a NotesPage=>205 1 Plutarch, Brutus 43. 2 The date is given by the Calendar of Praeneste, L’ann. ép.

64, 272. 3 Dio 48, 28, 4; Appian, BC 5, 65, 274 4 An approximate date is provided by the fact that the magistrates of t

and utilized here, though it may very well be several years later in date . The problem of priority between the Epode and th

rge share in negotiating the treaty he is an agent here, not merely a date . Antonius’ son, heir to the NotesPage=>219

a party and devoted legions. His style of politics was passing out of date . Antonius, however, was still the victor of Phili

years 38-32 B.C. is a complete blank. 3 Coins of Sosius, ranging in date from his quaestorship (40 or 39) to his consulate

leius 2, 75; Suetonius, Tib. 4. 4 The Calendar of Verulae gives the date L’ann. ép., 1923, 25). On the difficulty of harmo

25). On the difficulty of harmonizing the literary evidence about the date of Drusus’ birth, cf. E. Groag, PIR2 C 857. 5 A

of affairs when Octavianus departed (Dio 49, 38, 4). 2 The precise dates of the various triumphs are provided by the Acta

i, suffect consuls in 32 and 29 respectively. For uncertainties about date and identity, PIR1, V 94 and 96: the new Fasti sh

ut sarcinas colligam antequam proficiscar e vita. ’ This gives as the date 38 or 37 B.C. Varro lived on for ten years more (

ain and Gaul respectively). 5 The various statements concerning the date and occasion when Virgil’s estate was confiscated

one hand, the Triumvirs could continue to hold their powers after the date fixed for their expiry, as in 37 B.C. This was wh

ti. These consuls might have been designated for office at an earlier date . L. Cornelius Cinna (pr. 44 B.C.) was the husband

4, 6, 13 ff. The various Augustan calendars celebrate August 1st, the date of the capture of Alexandria ‘quod eo die imp. Ca

; Velleius 2, 84, 2). 2 Dio 51, 4, 3. There is no indication of the date of his desertion. He had previously been with Sex

he took an imperatorial salutation (ILS 895). The precise nature and date of his command is not certain (see Ritterling, Fa

n (BC 4, 51, 221) records that he became governor of Syria. About the date , no evidence. The period 29–27 B.C. is attractive

a mysterious calamity in these years unexplained in cause, obscure in date . C. Cornelius Gallus the Prefect of Egypt, vain,

emur. acriora ex eo vincula. ’ PageBook=>324 A later historian dates from this ‘constitutional’ settlement the beginni

etus in 35 or 34 B.C. (Appian, Ill. 17) and by Messalla Corvinus at a date difficult to determine (Dio 49, 38, 3, under 34 B

cold baths, a prescription of the physician Antonius Musa. From that date the Princeps enjoyed a robust health that baffled

mentions no grant of imperium to Agrippa. That Agrippa at this early date possessed imperium maius over the senatorial prov

a government, the Principate assumed form and definition. If an exact date must at all costs be sought in what is a process,

hen the lines were composed, they are not even appropriate to a later date , when Agrippa’s power had been accorded status an

of civic order was steadily replenished. Down to 13 B.C., a cardinal date in the history of the Roman army, Augustus provid

y organ and function, nor yet by the settlement of 23 B.C. The former date was celebrated officially: in truth the latter wa

C. do suffect consuls become frequent and regular upon the Fasti. The date is not accidental: the flagrant dynastic policy o

ito who then interpreted the Sibylline oracle no doubt to justify the date chosen by the government. 6 Yet beside the great

age=>395 1 Cyprus and Narbonensis in 22 B.C. (Dio 54, 4, 1). The date at which Baetica was severed from Hispania Ulteri

18) is not so strong. Cf. n. 8. 2 Josephus, AJ 16, 344, &c. The date of his command is probably 9–6 B.C. (P-W I A, 151

ure support, for it may belong to another L. Piso at a slightly later date ; and Castabala was the capital of a native princi

could recall hereditary ties. 7 NotesPage=>399 1 Florus 2, 31. Date unknown: c. 15 B.C., as proconsul of Crete and Cy

E. Groag, P-W IV A, 825 ff. 2 Tacitus, Ann. 3, 48; Strabo, p. 569. Date unknown: the most plausible, 9–8 or 4–3 B.C., cf.

Chron. min. 2, 135. 3 Dio 55, 10a, 2; Tacitus, Ann. 4, 44. 4 The date of M. Vinicius’ command (ILS 8965) is quite uncer

as composed, however, not of consulars but of praetorians. At a later date a definite body assumed the maintenance of temple

sted to the consuls of the year 8 B.C.; the first standing commission dates from A.D. 15 or not long after. 5 Other small g

1 Dio 54, 19, 6. 2 Tacitus, Ann. 6, 11. For difficulties about the date , cf. PIR2 C 289. No praefectus urbi is mentioned

Ilium). 5 Dio 53, 15, 4 f. There is no evidence, however, about the date of this innovation. XXVII. THE CABINET PageBo

thing to do with the origin of the story, as well as explaining Dio’s date . Yet Cinna’s consulate was probably due, not so m

initiis’. That was the reason which Tiberius himself gave at a later date (Suetonius, Tib. 10, 2). 3 Tacitus, Ann. 3, 56:

tudien, 325 ff. The theory that the Ars Poetica was written at a late date in Horace’s life and was dedicated to two sons of

on a charge of incest with one of her brothers (Ann. 12, 4); for the date of her death, cf. Suetonius, Divus Vesp. 23, 4.

(Val. Max. 8, 13, 4), died in A.D. 5 (Jerome, Chron., p. 170b H). The date of Messalla’s death emerges from Frontinus, De aq

and avenger alone. 1 Agrippa indeed occurs twice, but much more as a date than as an agent. Other allies of the Princeps ar

c Dialects I–II. Cambridge, 1897. CORBISHLEY, T. ‘A Note on the Date of the Syrian Governorship of M. Titius’, JRS X

Avectius, Nervian, 475. Baetica, not a province in 27 B.C., 326; date of origin, 395. Balbus, see Cornelius. Balkans,

of, 188 f.; reinforced at Brundisium, 217; renewal at Tarentum, 225; date of expiry, 225, 277 f., 279; merits of, as a form

he names of consuls are printed in black type. On Tables I and II the dates are given in years B.C. II. THE KINSMEN OF CATO