. Pompeius fought against it; but Pompeius, for all his power, had to come to terms. Nor could Caesar have ruled without it.

ompeius. They would be able to deal with Pompeius later. It might not come to open war; and Pompeius was still in their cont

as a nobilis, Galba a patrician. Yet the opposition to Caesar did not come in the main from the noble or patrician elements

order in the dependent kingdom of Egypt. Nor was trouble likely to come from the other Caesarian military men or recent g

t Antonius may have spoken as he did in order to force his enemies to come out into the open. Nor was it likely that he woul

They would have to go quietly for the present but their chance might come . Octavianus’ other relatives were of little conse

generals and they are not an impressive company. 1 Senators who had come safely through civil war or who owed rank and for

bt with some effect. 3 Nor did any political enemy or ambitious youth come forward to arraign by prosecution a proconsul all

Oppius and by personal approach. But Cicero stood firm: he refused to come to Rome and condone Caesar’s acts and policy by p

brought well-authenticated reports from Spain that Sex. Pompeius had come to terms with the government. Cicero was sorry. 4

refused to be compromised in public. Then Octavianus urged Cicero to come to Rome, to save the State once again, and renew

vernment might still have been achieved. Now, at last, a chance had come to redeem all, to assert leadership, to free the

ly to conceal. But certain topics, not the least important, may never come up for open debate. The Senate listened to speech

seller of perfumes at Aricia. 4 As for Piso, his grandfather did not come from the ancient colony of Placentia at all it wa

not merely respectable but even an occasion for just pride why we all come from the municipial! 5 Likewise the foreigner. De

d to stampede the neutral or non-political elements. First in value come freedom and orderly government, without NotesPa

ecently induced the adventurer Sex. Pompeius to lay down his arms and come to terms with the government in Rome a heavy blow

Mutina. Octavianus and Hirtius avoided battle, waiting for Pansa to come up with his four legions of recruits. Pansa had l

lished himself at Cularo (Grenoble). There he waited for D. Brutus to come over the pass of the Little St. Bernard. If Planc

e flank of Cassius, he at last forced on a battle. Octavianus had now come up though shattered in health and never a soldier

nce, refused battle and retired through the Apennines. 6 Nor did help come from the south in time or in adequate strength.

urned towards the end of the summer, it was to find that Antonius had come up from the East and was laying siege to Brundisi

e or necessary to make war upon Sex. Pompeius. He invited Antonius to come to Italy for a conference in the spring of the ye

cking either of them he might have been lost. Antonius was induced to come to Tarentum in the spring of the following year (

urus comes from Volceii in Lucania (ILS 893 a). 5 Messalla may have come with ships from Antonius as did Bibulus and Atrat

the Caesarian leaders, neither could brook an equal. Should Antonius come again to Brundisium or Tarentum with the fleets a

the disappearance of Lepidus) was due to lapse. Then the trial would come . After the termination of the Sicilian and mari

ut a danger for the near future, should the Republicans and Pompeians come back from the East, should Antonius demand lands

and philosophy. From the official religion of the Roman People could come scant consolation in evil days, NotesPage=>2

yclical revolutions. For Rome it might appear to be the time of Sulla come again; in a larger sphere, the epoch of the kings

ia vidistis? ’ 2 Horace, Sat. 1, 5. PageBook=>255 Horace had come to manhood in an age of war and knew the age for

to be found in the higher ranks of the Senate a number of men who had come to maturity in years when Rome yet displayed the

hrough alliance with the men of property and influence. 1 A day would come when the ruling class in the cities of Asia might

moved. 3 Antonius was resentful. He accepted the troops. Octavia had come as far as Athens. Her husband told her to go back

e small coastal tract of Cilicia Aspera conceded to Cleopatra did not come under direct Roman government until a century had

avianus lacked standing before the law, for the triumviral powers had come to an end. 6 He was not dismayed: he took no No

inning of 32 B.C. may be taken as fair proof that the Triumvirate had come to an end, legally at least. PageBook=>278

ring. Yet the memory of the past reminded the Romans that change had come , though slow and combated. Rome’s peculiar grea

warfare and for glory but that consolidation and conciliation should come more easily and more naturally. Time, oblivion an

hunderbolt strikes the high peaks. 2 Another of the party-dynasts had come to grief. Murena was the brother of Terentia, the

it last? And, more than security of person and property, whence would come salvation and regeneration? Quem vocet divum po

s. If Caesar’s heir perished by disease or by the dagger, there might come again, as when Caesar the Dictator fell, dissensi

g, however, authority over the provinces of the Senate. 1 That was to come later and later too the jealously guarded tribuni

and Q. Fabricius, suffect consuls in 5, 4 and 2 B.C. Caelius may have come from Tusculum, CIL XIV, 2622 f. 6 C. Poppaeus S

V, 4201, a freedman of the family)? Further, C. Pontius Paelignus may come from Brixia, cf. ILS 942. 3 Cf. esp. CIL IX, 30

29 four novi homines and five nobiles. With 28 B.C. annual consulates come back, monopolized at first by Augustus, Agrippa a

s, Agrippa and Taurus. Of the consuls of the period 25-19 B.C., eight come of new families against five nobles. 3 The restor

a, whoever he may have been, was surely not inactive. Conquest had to come from two directions, from the west and from the s

a danger and a responsibility. By its unwieldy mass the Empire might come crashing to the ground, involving Rome in the rui

urs almost divine. Augustus was not a god, though deification would come in due course, from merit and for service, as to

t body that serious opposition to the new régime was at all likely to come and then not from the majority. The new men were

the whole government. The major scandals, it is true., did not always come before the courts; but politics are probably at t

n a century later, was scornful of the academic historian. 2 Livy had come to history from the study of rhetoric. That was n