l of Republican institutions, the assumption of a specious title, the change in the definition of authority, all that made no

als capture attention and engross history, but the most revolutionary changes in Roman politics were the work of families or of

ation of the Roman State, the manner and fashion of dynastic politics changes but little; and though noble houses suffered defe

h: a Sullan partisan before turning popularis, Pompeius by his latest change of front came back to earlier alliances. Sulla

as his power subsisted. Enemies and rivals were waiting to exploit a change . In Egypt Caesar could support a candidate, Cleop

ed by orators or by political theorists: the slow process of peaceful change , the gradual adoption of the Latin tongue and Rom

mph of a military leader, reviving the party of Marius, might promise change . 2 Cicero claimed that in the space of thirty yea

ntic and contemporary testimony, a perpetual hazard in estimating the change and development between youth and middle age. T

d the need for courage and constancy in all the paths of duplicity. A change of front in politics is not disastrous unless cau

d to the following of Isauricus. 3 Piso and P. Servilius each had a change of side to their credit. No politician could comp

ive people, devoted to the worship of law and order. The advocates of change therefore appealed, not to reform or progress, no

ersonal allegiance. For profit or for safety it might be necessary to change sides. Suitable terminology was available. The di

was then proclaimed. It existed already. For the moment, however, no change in the military situation in the north. The easte

inary command over all the provinces of the East. The revolutionary change in the East alarmed the friends of Antonius: ther

in of the most powerful of the Caesarian generals. Hence an immediate change of front NotesPage=>187 1 Velleius 2, 69,

ctims as well, men of substance and repute from the towns of Italy. Change and casualties are most clearly evident among the

lican or neutral. 2 For the present, however, no indication of such a change . Octavianus went to Gaul for a brief visit, Lep

not attested with Octavianus before 36 B.C. The reason given for his change of allegiance was naturally disapproval of Antoni

d Roman, might be prized and preserved until threatened by a complete change of taste, by a reversion to Asianism, or by the r

he manner and fashion of the new. On the surface, consolidation after change and disturbance: beneath, no confidence yet or un

us in 35 (Dio 49, 17, 5; Appian, BC 5, 137, 567 ff.). 6 On Dellius’ changes of side, Seneca, Suasoriae 1, 7; Velleius, 2, 84,

e the time when the entry into office of new consuls last portended a change in politics a whole age seemed to have elapsed, a

t the enemies of the State (hostes); and as such the oath could never change or lapse. By whatever name known or public title

. Romans too departed, M. Junius Silanus and the agile Dellius, whose changes of side were proverbial but not unparalleled. 1 T

n his sixth and seventh consulates carried out certain constitutional changes , various in kind and variously to be interpreted.

ation for authority, precedent and tradition, by a rooted distaste of change unless change could be shown to be in harmony wit

ority, precedent and tradition, by a rooted distaste of change unless change could be shown to be in harmony with ancestral cu

had an evil ring. Yet the memory of the past reminded the Romans that change had come, though slow and combated. Rome’s pecu

) multum, quod putarem novandum in legibus ‘(ib. 3, 12). In fact, the changes he proposes are few and modest, little more than

een stabilized. Neither the Princeps nor any of his adherents desired change and disturbance. Well might he say, when asked hi

ni viri’ could ever produce an exemplary kind of citizen. Names might change : Augustus was none the less a revolutionary leade

ark an era in dating; in the provinces it passed almost unnoticed. No change in the foreign or domestic policy of the governme

ight later be modified how and when he pleased. One thing could never change , the source and origin of his domination. When

νεωτερίσαι δυνάμενα κατέσχεν. PageBook=>327 the only immediate change from Triumviral practice. No longer the menace of

ire might suitably be reckoned from this year. The legal and formal changes have been summarily described, the arguments indi

, from the centurionate to equestrian posts. The Revolution brought a change , deriving perhaps from purely military needs as w

ous Republic of the nobiles. No mere stabilizing here, but a constant change and renewing. Liberal theory and the long-desir

the more important. On neither occasion is evidence recorded of vital changes concerning the magistracies: it is therefore hard

ted from control and restored to Republican freedom. That there was change and development is clear. The minor magistracies

toration of the nobiles, the proportion on the Fasti showing no great change from the Triumviral period. After 19 B.C., howe

at hand, with long periods of residence in the provinces. Now comes a change in part the result of accident. Augustus himsel

oscribed and defeated Republicans, the provincia of Augustus began to change into a permanent order of praetorian and consular

ons. The contrast with the three provinces of 27 B.C. illustrates the change both in administration and in foreign policy. A

EM magistratuum vocabula. ’1 Names persist everywhere while substance changes . Like the individual senator, the Senate as a bod

other board of magistrates and fifteen senators chosen by lot, was to change every six months. 1 It appears to have persisted

upon the functions of the full Senate. 2 But this was not a permanent change ; and the committee seems subsequently to have lap

the Lex Julia de adulteriis, both of this year; there were subsequent changes and additions, the most important being the Lex P

an morality, was forced to express his doubts to the Senate. 1 That a change later came over the Roman aristocracy was evident

t;476 THE army had made one emperor and could make another; and the change from Republic to Empire might be described as the

quent Rabirius who had written about the War of Actium. 1 Governments change and careerists make mistakes. Seianus fell. The h

fated to return again when a state had run through the whole cycle of change . The Roman, with his native theory of unrestric

or from honest independence like Piso. With the Principate comes a change . For the senator, as for the State, there must su

f., 352, 365, 510 f., 521; prejudice in, 11, 78, 81, 354, 357; social change , 78 f., 243, 255 f., 351 ff., 455 f., 501 ff. S

Sullan, 88, 89; Caesarian, 101, 120, 255; bribed by Octavianus, 125; changes of side, 159; pacifism of, 180 f.; Roman compared