, the assumption of a specious title, the change in the definition of authority , all that made no difference to the source and fa

No matter: the Princeps stood pre-eminent, in virtue of prestige and authority tremendous and not to be defined. Auctoritas is t

sanctioned clemency, when he seized power by force, and when he based authority upon law and consent. The Dictatorship of Caesar,

ons not directly concerned with Roman political life. Whether he held authority from the State or not, he could thus raise an arm

s, the men in power, who naturally invoked the specious and venerable authority of the Senate. 1 But there were to be found in th

ch, Caesar 7). PageBook=>026 high assembly. But the speech and authority that won the day was Cato’s.1 Aged thirty-three a

n their champion a vast command against the Pirates, with proconsular authority over the coasts of the Mediterranean (the Lex Gab

arried to a daughter of L. Cossinius (Varro, RR 2, 1, 2), the leading authority on goats (ib. 2, 3, 1), who had been a legate of

claim. 4 As for Bibulus, he smarted still beneath the humiliation of authority set at nought and fruitless contests with the con

nded that the issue lay between a rebellious proconsul and legitimate authority . Such venturesome expedients are commonly the wor

spectable classes in the towns of Italy would rally in defence of the authority of the Senate and the liberties of the Roman Peop

more active rival, a spurious and disquieting champion of legitimate authority when men recalled the earlier career and inordina

’2 Brutus and Cassius, since they were praetors, should have usurped authority and summoned the Senate to meet upon the Capitol,

dictated the same salutary policy. By force of argument and personal authority , Antonius brought the session of March 17th to te

ot provide convincing evidence. From his career and station, from the authority of the office he held, the predominance of Antoni

im as ‘Q. Salvius imp. cos. desig. ’ (BMC, R. Rep. 11, 407). No other authority gives ‘Salvius’ as his name: had he taken to lati

was precisely the question at Rome where and what was the legitimate authority that could demand the unquestioning loyalty of al

ruled through consent and prescription. There were two principles of authority , in theory working in harmony, the libertas of th

sed, immediate and imperative. For the present, however, legitimate authority still commanded respect, and the traditional phra

ulatum. ’ PageBook=>163 invoking on the side of insurgents the authority of the Senate and the liberty of the People. Cice

y envisaged. What resources might be enlisted for the struggle? The authority of the Senate was now to be played against the Pe

ears of Caesar’s Dictatorship furnished enough consuls of ability and authority to fill the gaps. 3 This dearth explains the prom

, as a body they revealed a marked deficiency in vigour, decision and authority . ‘We have been let down by the principes’; such w

vernors should continue to hold their provinces until relieved by the authority of the Senate. This covered Brutus in the Cisalpi

within a distance of two hundred miles of Rome, but to submit to the authority of the government. This was a firm and menacing

sed in defiance of the auspicia: but that plea was very weak, for the authority of sacred law had been largely discredited by its

But Cicero did not relent. He proclaimed the revival of the Senate’s authority , the loyalty of the plebs and the unanimity of It

nsul. Where and with whom stood now the legitimate government and the authority of the Roman State, it was impossible to discover

, the mob plundered his house; the Senate, by a violent usurpation of authority , condemned him to death. 3 The milder version of

ip to little but a name, the consulate never afterwards recovered its authority . But prestige it still guaranteed, and the confer

tion, such as the father of Brutus and others. The decadence of legal authority and the ever-present threat of civil war enhanced

nd designating them a long time in advance. Of consulars and men of authority in the Senate there was a singular dearth, recall

After a tenacious siege Jerusalem surrendered (July, 37 B.C.). The authority of Rome had been restored. It remained to settle

n, but he numbered friends and kinsmen among the Republicans. Lacking authority with the armies and a provincial clientela like t

pported by the oath of allegiance and consensus of all Italy, usurped authority and the conduct of a patriotic war. He proceeded

3 The knight L. Annaeus Seneca, later to be known as a historian and authority on rhetoric, must have been a man of some substan

s, well aware of their own weakness, were unswervingly loyal to Roman authority and Roman interests, by whomsoever represented, b

he title traditionally pertaining to the senator foremost in rank and authority , that of princeps senatus. Further, a comprehensi

the Republican leader was dead; but Messalla and Pollio carried some authority . If the young despot were not willing of his own

h he could appeal if he wished to coerce a proconsul was the consular authority , exorbitantly enhanced. To preclude disputes of c

Republic had commonly been called principes, in recognition of their authority or their power. 1 The name was not always given i

Caesarian and military character; and he ruled the provinces with an authority familiar to them as proconsular and absolute, whe

cial commission for a period of ten years, in the form of proconsular authority over a large provincia, namely Spain, Gaul and Sy

service expected, the Senate invested the first citizen with rank and authority . Caesar Augustus was to govern a provincia in vir

The Romans as a people were possessed by an especial veneration for authority , precedent and tradition, by a rooted distaste of

mmonwealth keeping to traditional functions and respecting legitimate authority . True libertas was very different from licence: i

rom family or from ambition. Crassus was a recent warning. Triumviral authority , succeeded by an enhanced consular imperium, had

guide its counsels and set in order its imperial dominions and a firm authority to enforce a programme of social and moral regene

on a charge of having made war against the kingdom of Thrace without authority . Primus alleged instructions from the Princeps. T

aken, in the name of Caesar Augustus. The constitutional basis of his authority was altered. More important than that, official s

in that sense a return to constitutional government, in so far as his authority was legal. The new settlement liberated the consu

vered the dominions of the Princeps, east and west, lacking, however, authority over the provinces of the Senate. 1 That was to c

ι δ’ ’Aγρίππας τ ν π ραν ‘Ioνίoυ διάδoχoς Kαίσαρι. Against a grant of authority over all the East in 23 B.C. can be urged the fac

ulate he gave up: converted since Actium into an office of ostensible authority through Augustus’ continuous tenure, and regainin

or official powers. In 26 B.C. Taurus was consul, it is true; but the authority of Agrippa, Maecenas and Livia, who ruled Rome in

the various boards were commonly men of consular standing. An ancient authority states a reason for these innovations that as man

gradually acquiring force of law. Yet once again, behind the nominal authority and government of the Roman Senate the real and u

3, 32, 5). This does not mean, however, that he exercised proconsular authority in Rome or in Italy, cf. A. v. Premerstein, Vom W

it was a committee, not a cabinet an organ of administration, not of authority . As it was there, it might suitably be employed b

s, though a personal friend of Augustus, probably commanded as little authority as he deserved; Lollius was a bitter enemy, Vinic

itical and general, 63, 379 f. Cossinius, L., Pompeian partisan and authority on goats, 31. Court, the imperial, 385 f. Court