n Pollio—a Republican, but a partisan of Caesar and of Antonius. This also explains what is said about Cicero and about Livy

pographical studies of Münzer, Groag and Stein. Especial mention must also be made of Tarn’s writings about Antonius and Cle

ulation was repugnant to his character. Another eminent historian was also constrained to omit the period of the Triumvirate

stigate, not merely the origin and growth of the Caesarian party, but also the vicissitudes of the whole ruling class over a

and P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus (cos. 147, cos. II 134). The Fabii also adopted a Servilius (the consul of 142). PageBo

r. pl. 83) and L. Junius Brutus Damasippus P-W x, 972 f.; 1025). Note also C. Marcius Censorinus (P-W XIV, 1550 f.) and Cn.

Aurelia, of the house of the Aurelii Cottae. For the stemma, showing also a connexion with the Rutilii, Münzer, RA, 327. Ca

a, showing also a connexion with the Rutilii, Münzer, RA, 327. Caesar also had in him the blood of the Marcii Reges (Suetoni

forth by Sallust in his Histories. 2 Comm. pet. 5, cf. 51. Compare also Cicero’s whole argument in the speech against the

031 licence to write political satire with impunity. 1 Pompeius was also related to other families of the local gentry, th

ate in 67 (Val. Max. 3, 8, 3) and again in 65 (Ad Att. 1, 1, 1). Note also Pompeius’ legate L. Lollius (Appian, Mithr. 95; J

ul in absence or recalled to Italy to establish public order. 6 Nepos also silenced the consul Cicero and forbade by veto a

nours for the absent general and trouble for the government. 2 He had also prosecuted an ex-consul hostile to Pompeius. 3 Bu

at, Spain and Syria respectively for five years; Caesar’s command was also to be prolonged. Pompeius emerged with renewed

f. A.D. 39) and domitius decidius (tacitus, Agr. 6, 1; ILS 966). Note also the championing of a wronged Gaul by Cn. Domitius

n imposed duties, to family, class and equals in the first place, but also towards clients and dependents. 4 No NotesPage=

maximam partem illo adfinitatis tempore iniunxerat Caesari. ’ Compare also , in his letter to Oppius and Balbus (Ad Att. 9, 7

12, 2 ff.; ‘Sallust’, In Ciceronem 3. 3 Caesar, BC 3, 89, 3. Caesar also stole Venus victrix from his adversaries, Appian,

n might recall past favours conferred upon the Roman plebs:3 he could also appeal to the duties which they owed to birth and

trician to the core. ‘He was Caesar and he would keep faith. ’1 As he also observed, ‘If he had called upon the services of

Bell. Hisp. 19, 6: ‘se Caesarem esse fidemque praestaturum. ’ Compare also a phrase from the speech Pro Bithynis (quoted by

epute as a gourmet: it was a danger to ask him to dinner. 5 Pansa was also in Gaul for a time. Hirtius was later to complete

or trial, both Pompeius and Crassus defended the man of Gades. Cicero also spoke. Envious detractors there might be but Balb

bi, the dynasts of Gades, from Pompeius’ following to his own. He may also have inherited the Spanish connexion of his old a

ce Holmes, Caesar’s Conquest of Gaul2 (1911), 652. On the family, cf. also BG 7, 65, 2. 2 Ad fam. 10, 32, 5, where it is s

aised an army for Caesar and relieved the siege of Alexandria; he was also helped by the Idumaean Antipater. Mytilene was in

Cicero speaks of his auctoritas with Pompeius (Ad Att. 5, 11, 3); cf. also Caesar, BC 3, 18, 3 (Libo, Lucceius and Theophane

example, in Thessaly (BC 3, 34, 4; 35, 2; Cicero, Phil. 13, 33). Note also men of Cnidus (SIG3 761; Strabo, p. 656, &c).

a municipal magistrate at Acerrae (CIL X, 3758). L. Decidius Saxa may also have been an ex-centurion, below, p. 80, n. 1; al

Decidius Saxa may also have been an ex-centurion, below, p. 80, n. 1; also the Etruscan Cafo, JRS XXVII (1937), 135, though

ony at Narbo as early as 118 B.C., before all Italy became Roman, was also subjected to casual settlement of Italians and in

transient union of interest between Senate and knights. 5 The episode also revealed what everybody knew and few have recorde

all over Italy, broken men and debtors ready for an armed rising, but also , and perhaps more disquieting, many municipal ari

dius’, ILS 6132b, cf. Schulze, LE, 170; Münzer, P-W XIX, 1304 f. Note also the names of the centurions in Bell. Afr. 54, 5.

arly of the family of Vettius Scato, a Marsian insurgent leader. Note also Phil. 11, 4: ‘Marso nescio quo Octavio, scelerato

gap till P. Ventidius (cos. suff. 43). Names in ‘-isius’ and ‘-asius’ also deserve study. Note the Caesarian C. Calvisius Sa

ntifex maximus, once held by a glorious and remembered ancestor; 1 he also sought to attach that ambiguous person by betroth

PageBook=>111 the proconsul of Macedonia, was a Caesarian but also a kinsman of Brutus, hence a potential danger. Bu

d Att. 15, 11 (June 8th). The wives of Brutus and Cassius were there, also the faithful Favonius and Cicero, who was mercile

consul at the meeting of the Senate announced for August 1st; it may also have been known who was to take the lead, namely

us imitated his leader which came easy to his open nature: Octavianus also , though less easily perhaps. Only two of his asso

‘Aνтώνιoν, ἔπ∊ιтα ĸἀĸ∊ȋνov ĸαтαλȗσαι ὲπ∊χί⍴ησαν (45, 11, 3). Compare also his valuable observations on the War of Mutina (4

ctivities of Ventidius can be deduced from subsequent events, perhaps also from a mysterious passage in Appian (BC 3, 66, 27

patrimony. The diversion of public funds was not enough. Octavianus also won the support of private investors, among them

hows that he had not been inactive. 5 The Caesarian Rabirius Postumus also shows up, as would be expected, benevolent and al

Junia (Ad fam. 15, 8), presumably the aunj: of D. Brutus: and he was also connected with Ser. Sulpicius Rufus (cos. 51 B.C.

done Caesar’s acts and policy by presence in the Senate. Courage, but also fear he was intimidated by the bloodthirsty threa

This treatise was published in 51 B.C. About the same time Cicero had also been at work upon the Laws, which described in de

2 Phil. 12, 3. 3 Ad Att. 15, 7 (used of Ser. Sulpicius Rufus). Cf. also ‘ista pacificatio’ (Cicero to Lepidus, Ad fam. 10

’ 2 Appian, BC 2, 104, 430 Eὐσέβ∈ια). 3 BMC, R. Rep. 11, 370 ff.; also the inscr., ILS 8891. 4 Tacitus, Ann. 1, 9: ‘pi

n addition, dismissal after the campaign and estates in Italy. It was also decided that governors should continue to hold th

Republican victory by protecting the mother of Brutus. 4 Atticus was also able to save the knight L. Julius NotesPage=>

irly be put down to Plancus. 4 A brother and a nephew of Plancus were also on the lists. 5 Pollio’s rivals among the Marruci

ucini will likewise have been found there:6 his own father-in-law was also proscribed. 7 Such respectable examples conferred

Varro was an old Pompeian, politically innocuous by now: but he was also the owner of great estates. 3 Likewise Lucilius H

of the consul of 61 B.C. His half- brother, L. Gellius Poplicola, was also with Brutus for a time, but acted treacherously (

vius Drusus Claudianus and Sex. Quinctilius Varus (Velleius2, 71, 3); also the pertinacious young Pompeian, Cn. Calpurnius P

II, part 1); and perhaps Q. Marcius Crispus, if he be the Marcius who also was cos. suff. in that year. Nothing is known of

r treachery provide victims and vacancies. Persons of some permanence also emerge before long, rising to consular rank, P. C

onsul): the new Fasti have shown which Cocceius was consul in 39. See also below, p. 267. 5 From Narnia, cf. Victor, Epit.

these were all (including Drusus) related together. Of nobiles there also perished Sex. Quinctilius Varus (Velleius, ib.),

s of Parma and Turullius. Cn. Piso, C. Antistius Vetus and L. Sestius also survived. 9 Appian, BC 4, 137, 577 f. PageBoo

ained Comata, however, and took Narbonensis from Lepidus. Lepidus was also despoiled of Spain, for the advantage of Octavian

the people when he marched upon Rome for the first time. 1 Death was also the penalty exacted of the town council of Perusi

r of Antonius, who had fled to Sicily. Ti. Claudius Nero and his wife also came to Greece about this time. PageBook=>21

people dwelling in the hinterland of Dyrrhachium. 1 The Dardani will also have felt the force of the Roman arms Antonius ke

cceius Nerva (still perhaps a neutral), the negotiator of Brundisium, also the Antonian C. Fonteius Capito and a troupe of r

bly be convoked for ceremonial purposes or governmental proclamations also decreed that a golden statue should be set up in

shed crew may perhaps be added P. Alfenus Varus (cos. suff. 39 B.C.), also a new name. 8 NotesPage=>235 1 CIL 12, p.

in which latter function he was probably succeeded by Taurus, who was also augur (ILS 893a). Taurus held ‘complura sacerdoti

Agrippa is attested by Appian, Ill. 20; Dio 49, 38, 3 f. Messalla was also there (Panegyricus Messallae 108 ff.); and Taurus

: he had not been heard of for nearly twenty years. Complete darkness also envelops the career and the allegiance of M. Here

Octavianus wrote to him almost every day (ib. 20, 2): yet Atticus was also in sustained correspondence with M. Antonius, fro

r dynasts ; 2 but her portion was exceedingly rich. Her revenues were also swollen by the gift of the balsam groves near Jer

at, vivat denique an mortuus sit, quis aut scit aut curat? ’ Antonius also complained of the execution of Caesar’s Thessalia

appellation of saviour and benefactor not only to Pompeius Magnus but also to his client Theophanes. 2 The example was nothi

nd saviour of the city (ILS 8780). C. Cocceius Balbus (cos. suff. 39) also had won an imperatorial salutation (IG II2, 4110:

to was to be found with Antonius, his grandson L. Calpurnius Bibulus, also an admiral; 2 and M. Silanus, a connexion of Brut

αϛ (SJG3 767), on coins as ‘q. pro cos. ’ (BMC, R. Rep. 11, 522). Cf. also IG XII, 9, 916 (Chalcis). PageBook=>269 Th

assius of Parma ; 3 young Sentius Saturninus, a relative of Libo, had also been among the companions of Pompeius. But Cato

Clodius. 4 Of this literary, social and political tradition there was also a reminder in the person of the young Curio, loya

, 1. c, and Velleius 2, 87, 3 (the last of the assassins). Cassius is also a figure in literary history, cf. P-W III, 1743.

s of kingdoms, not all of them in the power or gift of Antonius, were also bestowed upon the three children whom Cleopatra h

(p. 671) so clearly states. 3 Dio 42, 6, 3. PageBook=>272 he also removed Cyprus from Roman control and resigned it

1, 19, 78; Sallust, BJ 42, 1: ‘per socios ac nomen Latinum. ’ Sallust also records (ib. 40, 2) how in 109 B.C. the nobiles e

er, as clients to a patron, as soldiers to an imperator. It resembled also the solemn pledge given by the Senate to Caesar t

as a public enemy. 1 The winter passed in preparation. An oath had also been administered to the provinces of the West. A

of Libertas, no second War of Perusia. The surest guarantee provided also the fairest pretext. 7 Octavianus took with him a

o of his sons. 4 CIL 12, p. 77. 5 CIL 12, p. 77. C. Carrinas (cf. also Dio 51, 21, 6) triumphed on May 30th, 28 B.C., Ca

Roman franchise on enlistment by certain partisans of Antonius. Note also the inscription from Philae in Egypt (OGIS 196),

his admirals, the principal were Sosius and Poplicola; commands were also held by M. Insteius, a man from Pisaurum, by the

1, 9, 11 (Cinna). 8 Dio 51, 2, 5. Aquillius Florus and his son were also killed. PageBook=>300 them the last of the

the proconsul of Asia. 1 P. Canidius, the last of Antonius’ marshals, also perished. Loyal to Antonius, he shared in the cal

er Actium, that he died without fortitude. 2 Antonius’ eldest son was also killed. The children of Cleopatra presented a m

against a foreign enemy. The martial glory of the renascent state was also supported in the years following by the triumphs

, under the year 26 B.C.: his account of the procedure (53, 23, 7) is also vague— καì ἡ γερʋυσία ἃττασα ἁλῶναί τє αὐτὸν ἐν τ

victor of Actium was the last and the greatest of them all. It could also fit a political leader—dux partium. But warfare a

rting illicit power, or ‘potential for personal rule :2 ‘principalis’ also acquired the force and meaning of ‘dominatus’. 3

tremendous powers did not make its way all at once. Princeps remained also and very truly Dux, as the poetical literature of

ion and standing between the different classes of society. 3 Such was also the NotesPage=>319 1 E. Meyer, Caesars Mon

11, 5; cf. 53, 17, 1: καì ἀπ’ αὑτʋῦ καί ἀκριβὴζ μʋναρχία κατέστη. Cf. also 52, 1, 1. 2 Velleius 2, 89, 4. 3 Divus Aug. 2

um, bearing the title of ‘legatus’, perhaps c. 23 B.C. (ILS 86). Note also a proconsul, L. Piso, sitting in justice at Medio

nd revolutionaries are not sentimental. Their loyalty to Augustus was also loyalty to Rome a high and sombre patriotism coul

c.; BC 3, 60, 4. L. Decidius Saxa probably belongs to this type. Note also P. Considius (BG 1, 21, 3), a centurion or knight

Crassus. 2 Balbus under Caesar in Spain, Mamurra in Gaul. It might also be conjectured that men like Ventidius, Salvidien

laced in temporary charge of a Roman legion. 5 Military merit might also earn commendation or patronage for a post in civi

tr. mil. VI, praef. | equit. VI, praef. | fabr. II, pro leg. II.’ Cf. also ILS 2707, the inscr. of a man who was ‘trib. mil.

>357 1 Josephus, BJ 2, 117 f.; AJ 18, 29 ff. 2 Dio 55, Ioa, 1; also Sardinia from A.D. 6 (Dio 55, 28, 1, cf. ILS 105)

quaestorship and so enter the Senate. Not only that the tribunate was also thus used. 2 To the best of the new-comers loyalt

41) was of praetorian rank before A.D. 26 (Tacitus, Ann. 4, 56). Note also Sex. Papinius Allenius (ILS 945: Patavium); T. Tr

s Rufus (931: Concordia); Sex. Palpellius Hister (946: Pola). Perhaps also the Vibii Visci, Schol. on Horace, Sat. 1, 10, 83

ong them, above all Agrippa, whose policy prevailed on that occasion, also sought to curb Augustus’ ardent predilection for

pudici devitabant’, and Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus (on the latter, cf. also Tacitus, Ann. 3, 66; 6, 29). PageBook=>375

on for ennoblement. Nothing could be more fair and honest. There were also deeper and better reasons for political advanceme

the Princeps bringing distinction and strength to the new régime, but also feuds and dissensions in the secret oligarchy of

of Valerius Messalla (for the stemma, see P-W III A, 2197). One might also infer a relationship with the Marcii Censorini (c

t;381 1 Dio 48, 32, 2. 2 Ib. 54, 29, 5. 3 CIL V, 323; 409; 457; also 878 (Aquileia). The burial-place of the Statilii

fuerant sed avitae opes, provinciarum scilicet spoliis partae. ’ Note also the numerous slaves of the Lollii in Rome (for th

ancient plebeian houses, such as the renegade M. Junius Silanus; but also the new nobility of the Revolution, conspicuous a

o, attests the influence of C. Sallustius Crispus. The great minister also adopted his friend’s son, who became in time the

ulania with Livia is attested by Tacitus, Ann. 2, 34; 4, 21 f. It may also be surmised in the marriage of her granddaughter

emanded by the needs of government, the separation of the two dynasts also helped to remove causes of friction and consolida

ost at this point. Innocent trust in the fraudulent Velleius, perhaps also ignorance about the condition of Dio’s narrative,

conquests or annexations had fallen to the share of the Princeps: he also took over Sardinia, and kept it. 4 NotesPage=&g

governed Spain for Pompeius. Of the others, the obscure Petreius was also in high repute as a military man. 4 He may have s

d Canidius were models and precedents. A great school of admirals had also been created. After Actium, no place for them. 1

cf. now E. Groag in PIR2, C 289. 7 Anth. Pal. 10, 25, 3 f. Possibly also the inscrr. IGRR IV, 410 f. (Pergamum) and BCH V

w, p. 429. 4 Josephus, AJ 17, 355, cf. 18, 1, &c; ILS 2683. Cf. also St. Luke 2, 1 If.; Acts 5, 37. Attempts to discov

ity of Plautii in the East, cf. Münzer, RA, 43 f. On that family, cf. also below, p. 422. PageBook=>400 More importan

uinctilius Varus passed after his proconsulate of Africa. 3 There was also fighting in Africa. 4 These are not the only na

rebuilt the temple of Diana, both from war-booty; and Balbus’ theatre also commemorated a triumph (19 B.C.)2 Augustus himsel

cted, to honour Augustus, a Caesareum in the city of Beneventum. 2 He also formed the habit of feeding his lampreys with liv

from his own provinces that Augustus paid into the aerarium, which he also subsidized from his own private fortune. 7 August

Pollio. His name occurs on coins of Tralles, and perhaps his portrait also , cf. BMC, Greek Coins: Lydia, 338. 5 Dio 54, 21

a, who died on her wedding day (Suetonius, Divus Claudius 26, 1). Cf. also below, p. 425. 3 On the Plautii, one of the ear

g in PIR2, C 289; for a stemma of the Pisones, ib., facing p. 54. See also Table V at end. 2 His daughter (PIR2, C 323) ma

us on his mother’s side. 2 The family of L. Arruntius (cos. 22 B.C.), also an associate of Sex. Pompeius, formed a Pompeian

la Appianus, Quirinius was connected with Claudii and Valerii. He was also kin to the Libones (Tacitus, Ann. 2, 30): precise

two Vibii from the small town of Larinum in Samnium; Papius Mutilus, also a Samnite; the two Poppaei from the Picene countr

ius Mutilus, also a Samnite; the two Poppaei from the Picene country; also L. Apronius and Q. Junius Blaesus. No less signif

is custos, ebrius ex quo semel factus est, fuit. ’ On his habits, cf. also Suetonius, Tib. 42, 1. 5 Tacitus, Ann. 6, 10 (A

ss in the matter of inheriting property. The education of the young also came in for the attention of the Princeps. For th

a bought the vineyard from Remmius (on which unsavoury character, cf. also Suetonius, De gramm. 23). 2 Odes 3, 2, 1 ff.

licis | per quae spiritus et vita redit bonis | post mortem ducibus’; also the lists of names in Odes 1, 12 (with a Scaurus

empire. The Italian peasant may have been valorous and frugal: he was also narrow and grasping, brutal and superstitious. No

us (Tacitus, Ann. 2, 48); Titedius (ib. 85); Bruttedius (3, 66). Note also the orator Murredius, who dragged in obscene joke

Noricum (ILS 2033) and Thracians from Macedonia (ILS 2030; 2032) can also be found. 4 Compare the list of soldiers from C

was the ‘better cause’. 2 It may be presumed that Augustus’ historian also spoke with respect of Brutus and Cassius they had

yed his master. 3 PageNotes. 464 1 Livy 1, 16, 3. On Romulus, cf. also above, pp. 305 f.; 313 f. 2 Tacitus, Ann. 4, 34

eserved eulogies of the New State as were Virgil and Horace. Maecenas also took up Propertius, a young Umbrian in whom somet

‘divinus adulescens’. 2 The epithet was rhetorical, not religious: he also applied it to the legions that had deserted the c

after a not very well authenticated conspiracy, the Principate could also show its judicial murders or deaths self-inflicte

the assassins of the Dictator, had committed suicide after Philippi, also preserved the traditions of libertas and ferocia.

luded, but enrolled last on the list of the consulars. 5 Labeo, it is also recorded, brought to ridicule a proposal that a b

tus 53. 3 Pliny (NH 36, 33) speaks of his ‘acris vehementia. ’ Note also Seneca, Controv. 4, praef. 3: ‘illud strictum eiu

, 3. 4 Strabo, p. 213; Pliny, Epp. 1, 14, 6; Martial II, 16, 8. Cf. also above, p. 464. PageBook=>486 A critic arme

e more eminent were not immune. He even criticized Pollio. 3 Labienus also wrote history. When reciting his works, he would

a illa ingenia cessere. ’7 Not history only, but poetry and eloquence also , now that Libertas was no more. The Principate in

re decora ingenia donee gliscente adulatione deterrerentur. ’ Compare also the elder Seneca on the burnings of books (Contro

sed to another branch of the patrician Cornelii, the Lentuli, who had also decided for Pompeius against Caesar, but were mor

were more fortunate in duration. 1 The plebeian Claudii Marcelli were also among the group of consular families that support

his family. Nero, the last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, was also the last of the Domitii Ahenobarbi, eight consuls

). 2 On the Junii Silani, PIR1, 1 541 if.; the stemma, ib. 550; cf. also Table IV at end. M. Junius Silanus, the ‘pecus au

ts of Sulla, of necessity conjectural, cf. PIR2 C, facing p. 362. See also Table V at end. PageBook=>497 By paradox a

dopted by a Crassus, married a Scribonia descended from Pompeius, but also with the Julio- Claudians in the various ties of

grandfather, the plebeian Agrippa. One of the wives of Caligula, and also a candidate for the hand of Claudius when the swo

come emperor. 3 Nero and his advisers had made a prudent choice. They also thought that they could safely entrust a military

ommonwealth. But when independence of spirit and of language perished also , when servility and adulation took the place of l

of Tiberius Caesar down to the end of Nero. Period and subject might also be described as ‘The Decline and Fall of the Roma

e governing class, the conviction not merely of the inevitability but also of the benefits of the system must have become mo

ophic thought held monarchy to be the best form of government. It was also primeval, fated to return again when a state had

luminis oras. 6 Augustus’ relation to the Roman Commonwealth might also be described as organic rather than arbitrary or

d bear the burden with pride as well as with security. Augustus had also prayed for a successor in the post of honour and

ry far, Auctoritas, however, does betray the truth, for auctoritas is also potentia. There is no word in this passage of the

bellum inferentis rei publicae | vici b[is a]cie. ’ 2 Ib. 30. Note also the prominence of the naval expedition in A.D. 5,

e was dead, Augustus would receive the honours of the Founder who was also Aeneas and Romulus, and, like Divus Julius, he wo

, 10 ff., 18, 77 ff., 196 ff., 244 ff., 349 f., 357 ff., 501 ff.; see also Nobiles. Armenia, Antonius’ relations with, 224

; as a party leader, 288, 322 f., 340, 349 ff., 419 ff., 473 ff. (see also Clientela); relations with the nobiles, 238 f., 2

rnelius. Balkans, Roman conquests in, 222 f., 240, 308, 390 f.; see also Macedonia, Moesia. Barbarius Philippus, escaped s

ce of, 285, 465. Bourgeoisie, characteristics of, 360, 453 ff.; see also Municipia. Britain, rumours about, 332. Brixia,

nspadani, 465; his brothers, 64; wife, 69, 492; descendants, 492; see also M. Junius Brutus, Liberators. Cassius Longinus,

is, famous actress, 252. Dacians, 74, 296, 400 f. Dalmatia, 437 see also Illyricum. Dalmatians, rising of, 431, 457, 476

rincipate, 471. Dolabella, see Cornelius. Domi nobiles, 82, 89; see also Municipia. Dominatio, 155, 418, 516. Domitia, d

157. Factions, in Roman politics, 7 f., 11 ff., 16, 20, &c. see also Feuds. Faesulae, prolific person from, 469. Fanni

f., 290; welcome the Principate, 351; under the Principate, 355; see also Knights. Firmius, L., military tribune, 354. Fi

ntonius, 231, 294 f.; command of, under the Principate, 356, 397; see also Admirals. Fleginas, C, knight from Placentia, 7

al evidence, 84 f., 89, 91, 93 f., 129, 200 f., 237, 360 f., 405; see also Nomenclature. Germanicus Caesar, son of Drusus,

Gracchi, activity of, 16; party of, 60; and agriculture, 450 f. see also Sempronius. Granii, commercial family from Puteol

32 f., 401, 433 f., 438, 503; extent of, under Augustus, 395, 401 see also Spain. Hispania Ulterior, governors of, 34, 64,

, 72, 110, 166, 213, 332 f., 401; status under Augustus, 395, 401 see also Spain. Histonium, 360, 361. History, Roman, i

ustus, 313 f., 336 f., 406, 412. Inimici, 13, 61, 288, &c.; see also Feuds. Insteius, M., Antonian partisan from Pis

ff., 359, 365, 450; local families in, 10, 31, 82 ff., 356, 359; see also Bellum Italicum, Municipia, Tota Italia. Iurati

irth, 68; literary interests, 459 f.; Caesar and Cicero, 137 ff.; see also Divus Julius. Julius Caesar, C. (cos. A.D. 1),

83. Land, ownership of, 12, 31, 194 f., 451 f.; price of, 451; see also Agriculture, Estates. Lanuvium, 94, 303, 360, 3

6; decline of, 487, 515 f.; servility of government writers, 488. See also History, Roman Poets. Livia Drusilla, her marri

, need for, in politics, 120, 157; impaired by civil war, 157 f.; see also Fides. Luca, pact of, 37, 44, 72, 326. Lucan, s

provisions of Augustus, 369 ff.; dispensations, 369, 3731 417 f.; see also Consulate. Magius Maximus, M., from Aeclanum, p

rvice, 356; organic function in the system of the Principate, 364 see also Italy, Novi homines. Murcus, see Staius. Mure

ius Hister, Sex., Augustan senator, 363. Pannonia, origin of, 437 see also Illyricum. Pansa, see Vibius. Paphlagonia, oa

119 ff., 152 ff; distaste for, 13, 94, 246, 358 f., 363, 513 f.; see also Quies. Pompeia, wife of Caesar, 25. Pompeia,

ste, 91; the divine founder of, 85. Praetorian Guard, 353, 357; see also Praefectus praetorio. Priesthoods, as patronage,

6. Sardis, honours the grandsons of Augustus, 474. Saserna, 131 see also Hostilius. Satire, 489; does not attack the wea

404; virtues of peasant soldiers, 449; social status of, 15, 457 see also Army, Legions. Sosius, C. (cos. 32 B.C.), novus