erely restricted. Instead, the noble houses of Rome and the principal allies of the various political leaders enter into their

powerful in himself, the Roman statesman cannot stand alone, without allies , without a following. That axiom holds both for t

games and shows, to bribe voters and jurors, to subsidize friends and allies . Hence debts, corruption and venality at Rome, op

arked upon a course of unconstitutional action. The dynast required allies and supporters, not from his own class only. The

ealthy was clearly the financiers. Many senators were their partners, allies or advocates. Concord and firm alliance between S

st, of classes even, and of military leaders. Before long the Italian allies were dragged into Roman dissensions. The tribune

nsuls. The Sulpicii and Manlii had lost prominence. The Servilii, old allies of the NotesPage=>018 1 Münzer, RA, 53 ff.

ilia would not be thwarted by that accident. She cast about for other allies . About this time Cato married Marcia, the grandda

t provoking flagrant disorder. 3 Generous in financial subsidy to his allies and tireless in the law-courts, he might yet prev

political life at Rome under Caesar’s consulate, several partisans or allies already in control of the more important provinci

le timidity. 4 But the dynast remained ambiguous and menacing. To his allies he expressed firm confidence, pointed to his arme

ward by uncontrollable forces, entangled in the embrace of perfidious allies : or, as he called it himself, patriotic submissio

With these four families was now joined the faction of Cato. Of his allies and relatives, Lucullus and Hortensius were dead,

. 56), cf. P-W IV, 1390. 2 Not that they were all, or consistently, allies of Pompeius: Lentulus Sura (cos.71) was expelled

gt;046 The policy arose from the brain and will of Marcus Cato. His allies , eager to enlist a man of principle on their side

decision. 3 Yet his plan was no mere makeshift, as it appeared to his allies , but subtle and grandiose to evacuate Italy, leav

arch, Brutus 4, cf. Pompeius 64). PageBook=>059 Brutus and his allies might invoke philosophy or an ancestor who had li

leader or principal agent of a faction goes beyond the wishes of his allies and emancipates himself from control, he may have

t that Caesar would restore and reward his friends and partisans, old allies in intrigue and illegal activities or, more simpl

e told people at Hispalis, misguided Spaniards. 4 The centurions were allies and political agents as well as officers. At Phar

fore and after the outbreak of the Civil War to confirm the political allies of the proconsul, to win over influential neutral

n the world. Caesar bestowed the franchise upon the chieftains, his allies or his former adversaries, of a frank and generou

e. 4 In strife for power at Rome, the patricians were ready to enlist allies wherever they might be found. They spread their i

ands, had not belonged to the Roman State at all, but were autonomous allies . Italy had now become politically united through

efeat and devastation. Only forty years before Caesar’s invasion, the allies of Rome from Asculum in the Picene land through t

This was secession. The proposal to extend the Roman franchise to the allies was first made by agrarian reformers at Rome, wit

f dissension in Roman politics, the agitation spread and involved the allies . Reminded of other grievances and seeing no redre

liation until a long time had elapsed. Sulla recognized merit among allies or opponents. Minatus Magius, a magnate of the Sa

the neighbouring city of Corfinium. Pompeius knew better than did his allies the oligarchs the true condition of Italy: his de

ld be recovered in the provinces, as Pompeius knew and as some of his allies did not. The price was civil war. Even had the Li

ing a private army, securing official recognition and betraying his allies . Caesar, more consistent in his politics, had to

volutionary needed an army in the first place, after that, Republican allies and constitutional backing. He would then have to

of the way a Republican faction, relying on the support of anomalous allies and illicit armies, attempted to seize power in t

s political career under the auspices of Cato. 2 Most of his friends, allies and relatives followed Cato and Pompeius in the C

enial of compromise; and he claimed that he had been abandoned by the allies of Cato. Towards Pompeius he continued to profess

o late. He had few illusions about Pompeius, little sympathy with his allies . Yet he found himself, not unnaturally, on the si

exile, Cicero hoped that Pompeius could be induced to go back on his allies , drop Caesar, and become amenable to guidance: he

ile proconsul; 4 and the blameless chieftains of Balkan tribes, loyal allies of the Roman People, were foully done to death. 5

of peace and goodwill might still suitably be employed to seduce the allies or adherents of the opposing party. To establish

duty and loyalty, even to the extremity of civil war. Among Caesar’s allies Pollio was not the only one who followed the frie

r? Octavianus had the veterans, the plebs and the name of Caesar: his allies in the Senate would provide the rest. NotesPage

olence. He did not believe in violence. At Athens he looked about for allies , opened negotiations with provincial governors bu

ontrol, open or secret, of the organs of government. Pompeius and his allies did not claim to be the government or the State:

commanded the armies that destroyed the Republic along with their new allies and peers in rank, Ventidius and Carrinas. On the

siege to Brundisium, with Ahenobarbus and Pompeius as open and active allies . The affair of Perusia had been sadly mismanaged.

, he must be strongly armed: he prepared a fleet and looked about for allies . From Sex. Pompeius came envoys, with offer of al

soldier and a man of honour. Peace with Pompeius brought him further allies . 1 The aristocrats would have disdained to associ

to Rome, nobles of ancient family or municipal aristocrats. Here were allies to be courted, men of some consequence now or lat

had promoted in the main his marshals, with a few patricians, his new allies from the families of the Claudii, the Aemilii and

constraining the Roman to lean more heavily on the support of eastern allies . Antonius set out upon his great campaign, leav

ly spring of 33 B.C Antonius, alert for the care of his dominions and allies , marched out again and conferred with the King of

necessities of war. Like Caesar, he never deserted his friends or his allies . Nobler qualities, not the basest, were his ruin.

mere detestation of eastern monarchs and prejudice against the alien allies of his rival the low-born Amyntas, the brutal Her

and ability, old Caesarian partisans, Republicans, Pompeians. Certain allies were now dead; others, estranged by absence or by

iend and patron of the leading men in the communities of Italy; 5 his allies took an oath of personal loyalty, and the towns o

ld it together. But Antonius victorious in war with the help of alien allies was another matter. No less disquieting, perhaps,

treat to Macedonia, to seek an issue there with the help of barbarian allies . 4 The battle of Actium was decided before it was

th Crassus, any hint of the attitude of other proconsuls. Had he firm allies or kinsmen among them, the course of events might

lary manifestations. The ruler had taken counsel with his friends and allies —and perhaps with neutral politicians. They knew w

ary adventurer, won Pompeian support by guile and coolly betrayed his allies , overthrowing the Republic and proscribing the Re

gs, tetrarchs and dynasts over the wide empire were in his portion as allies and clients. A citizen and a magistrate to the se

nd probably for Maecenas as well. Between the Princeps’ two steadfast allies of early days there was no love lost. The men of

auctoritas beyond all others, he could invite to a share in his rule allies who would not be rivals. It was hardly to be ex

d firm by their protector. The vassal kings, though still in name the allies of the Roman People, were in fact the devoted cli

us, Tarius and Quirinius. That was no bar. Others were not merely his allies , bound by amicitia, but in a true sense his intim

ed by matrimony into the family and following of the Princeps. Of his allies among the young nobiles the most able, the most e

soldiers and plebs, to adorn the city and to subsidize his political allies . Corruption had been banished from electoral cont

ndal and conspiracy, merciless towards Julia and the five nobiles her allies ; and in A.D.I, when his son and heir was consul,

ry rebuke of their enemies. 3 Augustus did not forget his friends and allies : he was able to preserve from justice a certain C

ier days, upon a period or a government. In the background lurk their allies or their rivals, certain great houses or permanen

d passed to the Metelli. Both houses waned before the Julii and their allies . The Metelli had backed Sulla: they made a final

the government of the New State, namely the Princeps himself and his allies , Agrippa, Maecenas and Livia, history and scandal

indeed occurs twice, but much more as a date than as an agent. Other allies of the Princeps are omitted, save for Tiberius, w

, P. (tr. pl. 58 B.C.), 20, 23, 24, 33 f.; his death, 36; friends and allies , 60; shocking vices, 149; as a demagogue, 459; hi

ar, 183 f., 203; campaign of Philippi, 203 ff.; his suicide, 206. His allies and relatives, 44 f., 69, 95, 163, 198, 205 f., 4

ir advancement, 11, 13, 24, 45, 358, 374; promoted by Marius, 86, 94; allies of Pompeius, 31 f.; in the Caesarian party, 80 ff

425, 496 f.; adherents and legates, 31 f., 44 f., 67, 396; political allies , 28 f., 43 ff., 491; freedmen, 76, 385; provincia