ok Vom Werden und Wesen des Prinzipats. My opinions about the oath of allegiance of 32 B.C. and about the position of the Princeps

s, through patronage exercised in the law-courts and ties of personal allegiance contracted in every walk of life, the political d

now recruited from the poorest classes in Italy, were ceasing to feel allegiance to the State; military service was for livelihood

ached to his cause from his provincial commands the dynast won to his allegiance and personal following (clientela) towns and whol

y and for a cause. But he did not compromise his future or commit his allegiance for all time. Caesar possessed close kin in certa

is clientela, to advertise monarchs and nations bound to his personal allegiance . 1 Like the Macedonian Alexander or the monarchs

e. About the same time decrees of the Senate ordained that an oath of allegiance should be taken in his name. 2 Was this the measu

his ruin. When Caesar took the Dictatorship for life and the sworn allegiance of senators, it seemed clear that he had escaped

is feud with Ap. Pulcher and his friendship with Curio determined his allegiance ’C. Curio, quoius amicitia me paulatim in hanc pe

, Dial. 25, 3, &c 6 Ad fam. 8, 14, 3 PageBook=>064 their allegiance . 1 Not only senators chose Caesar, but young nobi

nd standing of the family, whatever the event. The bond of personal allegiance may be compared to that of the family. It was oft

s left Caesar, but not from political principle he returned to an old allegiance . 1 Caesar’s following was dual in composition.

s were bound to the imperator of the Roman People by personal ties of allegiance . In the imminence of civil war, Rome feared from

a great part of the Senate and many private persons swore an oath of allegiance ,2 the consul set out for the north to join the re

esarians could be surmised: yet Caesarians themselves were divided in allegiance , for Antonius, for Octavianus, or for peace. Th

s of an advocate’s practice or the fluctuations of personal and party allegiance produce startling conflicts of testimony and mira

qualities as standards of an order in society or labels of political allegiance . Virtus itself stands at the peak of the hierarch

strife, however, played havoc with the most binding ties of personal allegiance . For profit or for safety it might be necessary t

effective strength was much less. Various in character, standing and allegiance , as a body they revealed a marked deficiency in v

en the theatre of confused fighting between generals of dubious party allegiance . The compact was sealed by a matrimonial alliance

ter Philippi, Valerius Messalla, Bibulus and others transferred their allegiance to Antonius, who, though a Caesarian, was one of

to get him an early consulate. 6 His ambition was now satisfied, his allegiance beyond question. Whether the discarded Scribonia

ted with Octavianus before 36 B.C. The reason given for his change of allegiance was naturally disapproval of Antonius’ conduct wi

arly twenty years. Complete darkness also envelops the career and the allegiance of M. Herennius, from the region of Picenum, and

er man from the Sabine country, diverse in character, attainments and allegiance , C. Sallustius Crispus. From the despotism of the

by any principle of uniformity but depended upon the ties of personal allegiance . Pompeius Magnus, binding to his clientela all

er in this direction. He had not been in Rome for six years : had his allegiance and his ideas swerved from Rome under the influen

party that was united not by principle or by a cause but by personal allegiance . Generous but careless, in the past he had not be

by the diplomatic arts of the new master of Italy, had changed their allegiance on a calculation of interest, or preferred to lap

kind of plebiscite was organized, in the form of an oath of personal allegiance . ‘All Italy of its own accord swore an oath of

personal allegiance. ‘All Italy of its own accord swore an oath of allegiance to me and chose me as its leader in the war which

he measure was carried out there stands no record at all. The oath of allegiance was perhaps not a single act, ordered by one decr

and substance in the Italian communities to contract ties of personal allegiance and mutual support. 3 When a Claudian faction enc

sne Crassi coniuge barbara? (37, 11) furnishes the text of an oath of allegiance to Drusus, which is significant though the phrase

ure. 3 Of the Roman State, of Senate and People, no word. The oath of allegiance bound followers to a political leader in a privat

the last of the monarchic faction-leaders based his rule on personal allegiance . Dux partium became princeps civitatis. 4 Nor i

after the annexation of that region (OGIS 532 = ILS 8781), an oath of allegiance probably to Caligula (CIL XI, 5998a: Sestinum, in

ld have been frank and bitter. Octavianus, supported by the oath of allegiance and consensus of all Italy, usurped authority and

stitution. The reference is probably wider, not merely to the oath of allegiance but to the crowning victory of Actium and the rec

t. His rule was personal—and based ultimately upon a personal oath of allegiance rendered by Rome, Italy and the West in 32 B.C.,

ccession of his sons, had been transformed both in composition and in allegiance . Some of the enemies or rivals of Tiberius, such

ce at once took a personal oath in the name of Tiberius, renewing the allegiance sworn long ago to Octavianus before Actium. 3 Thi

y and the provinces of the West had sworn a military oath of personal allegiance to the military leader in the War of Actium: it d

For himself and for the dynasty he monopolized every form and sign of allegiance ; no proconsul of Rome ever again is honoured in t

ames. Names of places are included when important for their political allegiance or as the origo of some person: in most cases the

s Pollio, C. (cos. 40 B.C.), his origin, and career, 5 f., 91 f.; his allegiance , 5, 121, 166, 180; in Spain, 110, 166; observatio

al province, 328; governors, 103, 111, 217, 220, 266, 303. Bononia, allegiance of, 285, 465. Bourgeoisie, characteristics of,

tial nullity, 105, 503. Gallia Cisalpina, as Caesar’s province, 36; allegiance to the Pompeii and to Caesar, 74; strategic impor

nus, T., legate of Caesar, 31, 90, 94, 163, 178, 396, 397; origin and allegiance , 31, 88; his tribunate, 32; attacked by Catullus,

and allegiance, 31, 88; his tribunate, 32; attacked by Catullus, 63; allegiance in 50 B.C., 42, 63; prospects of consulate, 67; d

, 437 see also Illyricum. Pansa, see Vibius. Paphlagonia, oath of allegiance sworn there, 288, 473. Papinius Allenius, Sex., A

ernment in the Triumviral period, 310; arrangements of Antonius, 266; allegiance in 32 B.C., 292; control of, after Actium, 302 f.

peror, 415, 501, 517 f. his wife, 502. Tralles, 262. Transpadana, allegiance of, 74; merits and virtues of, 455, 465; recruits

llio, equestrian officer, 361. Vestini, senator from 361. Veterans, allegiance of, 15; Sullan, 88, 89; Caesarian, 101, 120, 255;