ife-blood of Rome and involved the whole world in strife and anarchy.
Gaul
and the West stood firm; but the horsemen of the
e in the West Africa and Mauretania, all Spain, and both provinces of
Gaul
. The power and glory of the master of the world w
e as well as the pretext to march on Rome; and Caesar did not conquer
Gaul
in the design of invading Italy with a great army
Great. No longer an agent and minister but a rival, the conqueror of
Gaul
filched his laurels, his prestige and his partisa
red defeat in contest for an augurship against M. Antonius, sent from
Gaul
by Caesar. 3 That event showed clearly the streng
nted to his armed forces and spoke contemptuously of the proconsul of
Gaul
. 5 Rumour spontaneous or fabricated told of disco
ate, but only for a year. He had another grievance Caesar’s tenure of
Gaul
beyond the Alps robbed him of a province to which
(tacitus, Agr. 6, 1; ILS 966). Note also the championing of a wronged
Gaul
by Cn. Domitius (cos. 96), Cicero, In Verrem 11,
me and alone. His work done, the Dictator resigned. The conquest of
Gaul
, the war against Pompeius and the establishment o
he might enjoy his conscious mastery of men and events, as before in
Gaul
. Easy victories but not the urgent needs of the R
tia, vanity or perfidy, Caesar gained them and held them. The gold of
Gaul
poured in steady streams to Rome, purchasing cons
us Brutus Albinus, a distant relation, had been a legate of Caesar in
Gaul
. For his pedigree, showing connexions with the Po
30) was in charge of Syria in 45 (Dio 47, 27, 2). 6 With Caesar in
Gaul
from 54 onwards, M. Licinius Crassus was made gov
ong with the consular C. Antonius (ILS 6204). PageBook=>066 in
Gaul
. The active tribune was a marked man. Some of the
Gesch. Roms IV2, 420 ff.; 486. 4 Among Caesar’s earliest legates in
Gaul
were T. Labienus, Q. Titurius Sabinus, whose fath
Cicero, Ad Att. 14, 10, 2 (Scaeva as a type). PageBook=>071 in
Gaul
and in the Civil Wars. 1 There were other represe
a gourmet: it was a danger to ask him to dinner. 5 Pansa was also in
Gaul
for a time. Hirtius was later to complete the Bel
such was the party of Caesar. With the Roman plebs and the legions of
Gaul
, a group of ancient families, young men of eager
to his person the towns of Gallia Cisalpina and the tribal princes of
Gaul
beyond the Alps. Excellent men from the colonies
, his allies or his former adversaries, of a frank and generous race.
Gaul
remained loyal during the Civil War. Pompeius M
wealthy and talented individuals from the towns of Spain and southern
Gaul
will have been more acceptable to the Roman arist
ble to refuse admittance to the proconsul after his great exploits in
Gaul
. 3 The power and wealth of the Pompeii no doubt r
f. 6 The four novi homines were all signalized by military service in
Gaul
. 7 NotesPage=>094 1 For examples, P. Wille
certain of the marshals, adherents of long standing who had fought in
Gaul
, conspired to assassinate their leader. 4 The sou
and ruinous repercussions outside Rome, provoking a native rising in
Gaul
or else the legions might invade Italy to avenge
gain were frankly willing to make the best of the new dispensation.
Gaul
and the armies remained tranquil, the danger of p
ich in resources and recruits and lying athwart the communications to
Gaul
and Spain. Antonius was ready to parry that dan
ue prominence, Fufius and Caninius, who had been legates of Caesar in
Gaul
and elsewhere, and Cn. Domitius Calvinus, who had
ary evidence for the praenomen comes from coins of Agrippa, struck in
Gaul
in 38 B.C., BMC, R. Rep. 11, 411 ff. 2 Antonius
l as extreme Republicans. They knew what the last extended command in
Gaul
had meant. Two other measures of a Caesarian an
es LXXI (1936), 226 ff.; P-W XIX, 38 ff. Q. Pedius had been legate in
Gaul
(BG 2, 2, 1, &c.) and proconsul in Hispania C
avianus’ best marshal and last hope. The Triumvir’s own province, all
Gaul
beyond the Alps, was held for him by Calenus and
with an armament from the East, Antonius’ man Calenus still held all
Gaul
beyond the Alps. On the coasts Ahenobarbus threat
s son, lacking experience or confidence, was induced to surrender all
Gaul
and eleven legions. 5 Octavianus left Italy to ta
take over this welcome accession: he placed Salvidienus in charge of
Gaul
, confident in the loyalty of his friend. When O
of Antonius. PageBook=>217 Salvidienus with the armies of all
Gaul
was in negotiation and ready to desert. If anybod
resent, however, no indication of such a change. Octavianus went to
Gaul
for a brief visit, Lepidus to Africa. Antonius de
and the possession of the western provinces. He at once dispatched to
Gaul
and Spain the ablest among his partisans, the tru
Ventidius now celebrated over the Parthians. Agrippa, returning from
Gaul
with useful achievements to his credit and the co
n the years that followed the men to govern the military provinces of
Gaul
, Spain and Africa. 1 A powerful Caesarian oligarc
f praefectus fabrum (cf. Balbus and Mamurra under Caesar in Spain and
Gaul
respectively). 5 The various statements concern
nd protégé of Cicero, a partisan of Caesar and a legate of Plancus in
Gaul
. 5 Other diplomats were Q. Dellius, who deserted
f the Roman People was large, dangerously large. Caesar’s conquest of
Gaul
brought its bounds to the English Channel and the
n the West municipal self-government was already advancing rapidly in
Gaul
and in Spain; elsewhere, however, the burden of a
1 Cicero, Phil. 7, 23 f. 2 M. Nonius Gallus, active for Augustus in
Gaul
about the time of the battle of Actium (Dio 51, 2
displayed no hesitation. The native population remained tranquil: in
Gaul
the chieftains of the various tribes were attache
rtisans. The tried soldiers C. Carrinas and C. Calvisius Sabinus held
Gaul
and Spain, L. Autronius Paetus (or another) was p
eparted to the West before long, to replace Carrinas and Calvisius in
Gaul
and Spain. 5 In Syria a safe man became proconsul
y have preceded that of Taurus. He is not mentioned at Actium. As for
Gaul
, Dio records operations of Nonius Gallus (50, 20,
us Sabinus and Sex. Appuleius; from Africa, L. Autronius Paetus; from
Gaul
, C. Carrinas and M. Valerius Messalla. The procon
, 20, 5). It is not certain, however, what position he was holding in
Gaul
(above, p. 302). Dio expressly states that Octavi
’ half-sister, followed Taurus in Spain. Messalla, who triumphed from
Gaul
on September 25th, 27 B.C., was in command of a g
e form of proconsular authority over a large provincia, namely Spain,
Gaul
and Syria. That and nothing more. 1 For the rest,
m their ravages. Spain, a vast land, had not been properly conquered;
Gaul
cried out for survey and organization; Syria, dis
us and Caesar took a large share of provinces. From 55 B.C. they held
Gaul
, Cisalpine and Transalpine, Spain and Syria, with
power. The settlement of 27 B.C. gave him for his provincia Spain,
Gaul
and Syria (with Syria went the small adjuncts of
and seldom suspected since—he wished to remove proconsuls from Spain,
Gaul
and Syria, becoming proconsul of all those region
ank of proconsuls and celebrated triumphs for victories won in Spain,
Gaul
, Africa and Macedonia. Spain and Gaul, the martia
phs for victories won in Spain, Gaul, Africa and Macedonia. Spain and
Gaul
, the martial provinces of the West, were now depr
the Spanish legates, below, p. 332 f.). M. Vinicius won a victory in
Gaul
in 25 B.C. (Dio 53, 26, 4). In Syria a certain Va
e. PageNote. 331 (No Notes) PageBook=>332 Augustus came to
Gaul
. A vain expectation was abroad, made vocal in the
ia had no place in the mind of Augustus. Passing through the south of
Gaul
he arrived in Spain before the end of the year.
w years later, in 20 and 19 B.C., Agrippa is found, not there, but in
Gaul
and Spain (Dio 54, 11, 1 ff.). PageBook=>338
proconsuls: they were merely Narbonensis and Cyprus, no great loss to
Gaul
and Syria. 1 There had been successful operations
eat loss to Gaul and Syria. 1 There had been successful operations in
Gaul
and in the Alpine lands, as well as in Spain,2 bu
done. PageNote. 339 1 Dio 54, 4, 1 (22 B.C.). 2 M. Vinicius in
Gaul
(Dio 53, 26, 4), Murena against the Salassi (Dio
stern lands as well. Not only this the war in Spain was not yet over.
Gaul
and the Balkans, large regions with arduous tasks
of Sulla and of Crassus. 2 Balbus under Caesar in Spain, Mamurra in
Gaul
. It might also be conjectured that men like Venti
(22-19 B.C.), while Agrippa in his turn passed westwards and went to
Gaul
and Spain (20-19 B.C.), after a brief sojourn in
Rebilus, consul and consul suffect, died in office. 4 Namely Syria,
Gaul
, Illyricum (probably taken over by the Princeps a
her adherents like the obscure admiral M. Lurius. 2 As proconsul of
Gaul
or as Dictator, Caesar had spent generously. Cice
n Spain (27-24 B.C.,) in the East (22-19 B.C.) and again in Spain and
Gaul
(16-13 B.C.). In the East, prestige was his objec
L. R. Taylor, JRS XXVI (1936), 161 ff. PageBook=>389 Spain and
Gaul
were very different. It was necessary to subjugat
he Alpine passes, survey, organize and tax the provinces of Spain and
Gaul
, build roads, found cities and provide for the ve
me to Rome in 13 B.C., to find Augustus newly returned from Spain and
Gaul
. During the last fourteen years, they had seldom
en were now available in the provinces of the northern frontier, from
Gaul
to Macedonia: a great advance was designed all al
. This was the essential and the minimum. An advance from the side of
Gaul
into Germany might shorten communications yet fur
ber of legions recently withdrawn from Spain reinforced the armies of
Gaul
and Illyricum; and a new legion, XXI Rapax, was p
e same years Drusus with the legions of the Rhine and the levies of
Gaul
invaded Germany and reached the Elbe. 5 In 9 B.
me to time, certain peaceful regions, namely the southern portions of
Gaul
and Spain (Narbonensis and Baetica) and the islan
rights hence the resentment of an Ahenobarbus when Caesar monopolized
Gaul
for many years. It does not follow that the wars
lled Licinus who assessed and exploited for Augustus the resources of
Gaul
. 5 The treasury of the Roman State was placed (
mountain warfare in Spain and in the Alpine lands. Vinicius knew both
Gaul
and Illyricum. Lollius was not famed for service
eastern provinces only. After his consulate he governed Macedonia and
Gaul
in succession; it may be presumed that he had for
voured by Augustus, loathed by Tiberius. In 17 B.C., when governor of
Gaul
, Lollius had suffered at the hands of raiding Ger
l measure by his detractors. 5 In the following year Augustus came to
Gaul
, Tiberius with him. Tiberius inherited Lollius’ c
erius with him. Tiberius inherited Lollius’ command of the legions of
Gaul
and the glory of the Alpine War. Like P. Silius f
fication for Roman intervention and for Roman rule was the defence of
Gaul
against the German invader. When the Romans set o
the world, whether in the cities of Asia or the country districts of
Gaul
and Galatia. National memories were not strong in
in 22 B.C., 339; in the East, 371, 388; moral programme, 443 ff.; in
Gaul
and Spain, 388 f.; after 12 B.C., 391 f.; dynasti
aesarian partisan, 65, 90, 111, 188, 199, 234, 327; in Spain, 213; in
Gaul
, 292, 302 f.; his origin and name, 90, 93; no des
under the Principate, 468 f. Gardens, pleasure-, 21, 77, 380, 452.
Gaul
, see Gallia. Gellius Poplicola, L. (cos. 72 B.C
f., 168, 172, 285. Legates, of Pompeius, 31, 67, 396; of Caesar in
Gaul
, 67, 94 f., 199; of Octavianus, consular and prae
and the adoption of Trajan, 415. Licinus, freedman and procurator of
Gaul
, 410, 476. Ligarius, Q., Pompeian and assassin, 9
62; his career, 398; in Galatia, 338, 398; in Macedonia, 391, 406; in
Gaul
, 398, 429; with C. Caesar, 398, 428 ff.; disgrace
nius Gallus, M., partisan of Octavianus from Aesernia, 289; active in
Gaul
, 289, 302, 308. Nonius Quinctilianus, Sex. (cos
, 238, 368; allegations against Antonius, 277; his consulate, 291; in
Gaul
and Syria, 302 f., 309; campaign against Salassi,
his early services to Antonius, 126, 176, 178; his consulate, 188; in
Gaul
, 189, 202, 210; in the Perusine War, 210 ff.; aga
nicius, M. (cos. suff. 19 B.C.), novus homo, his origin, 194, 362; in
Gaul
, 329, 339; perhaps proconsul of Macedonia, 330; h
in and name, 129; at Apollonia, 129; in the Perusine War, 209 ff.; in
Gaul
, 227, 231; consulate, 231; in the Bellum Siculum,