ample the two chapters (v and vi) that analyse the composition of the Caesarian party in the form of a long digression. No less

nt. The Dictatorship of Caesar, revived in the despotic rule of three Caesarian leaders, passed into the predominance of one man,

There is no breach in continuity. Twenty years of crowded history, Caesarian and Triumviral, cannot be annulled. When the indi

and salutary to investigate, not merely the origin and growth of the Caesarian party, but also the vicissitudes of the whole rul

all was the party willing to provoke a war. As the artful motion of a Caesarian tribune had revealed, an overwhelming majority in

ods of the Roman State by the interested device of the leaders of the Caesarian party. It might appear that subsequent accounts h

litical conduct wholly to be predicted. Brutus might well have been a Caesarian neither he nor Caesar were predestined partisans

f Pompeius. Servilia reared her son to hate Pompeius, schemed for the Caesarian alliance and designed that Brutus should marry Ca

ltimately, after conquering the last of his rivals, converted the old Caesarian party into a national government in a transformed

, revenge or reinstatement. Along with bankrupts and adventurers, the Caesarian party comprised a formidable array of ability and

ulars Philippus and C. Marcellus; and the son of Philippus joined the Caesarian tribunes. 4 Old associations that might have appe

of Cato. History can show no writings of Pansa, or of C. Matius, the Caesarian business man, but Matius’ son composed a treatise

f all the bankers and financiers, C. Rabirius Postumus, was an ardent Caesarian . 4 His father, C. Curtius, is designated as a lea

promoted. Campania, again, a prosperous region, could show Marian and Caesarian connexions in towns like Puteoli, Cales and Nucer

great landowners in Samnium now were not of Samnite stock. 6 But the Caesarian general L. Staius Murcus was presumably of centra

heir to his personal rule. But Antonius was both a leading man in the Caesarian party and consul, head of the government. The Ide

tator’s papers and then consulted in secret with the chief men of the Caesarian faction, such as Balbus, the Dictator’s secretary

ined ensconced upon the Capitol. Their coup had been countered by the Caesarian leaders, who, in negotiation with them, adopted a

onal government again. Concord was advertised in the evening when the Caesarian leaders and the Liberators entertained one anothe

arch 20th) may not have been intended as a political manifesto of the Caesarian party; and the results may have outstripped his d

violent demonstration against the Liberators neither Antonius nor the Caesarian party were securely in power. The earliest contem

t. The moderates, the party of Caesar, the veterans in Italy, and the Caesarian armies in the provinces would have been too stron

and lovers of peace, representing a large body in the Senate, whether Caesarian or neutral. The Senate, thinned by war and recent

rmy had been outraged. Though Rome and the army were degenerate and Caesarian , respect for liberty, for tradition, and for the

deferential and flattered by the presence of Roman nobiles, whom even Caesarian consuls acclaimed as ‘clarissimi viri’. 4 Whether

e of Munda, conducted guerrilla warfare with some success against the Caesarian governors in the far West. In Syria Bassus had st

nconsiderable, one or two legions; and Apamea was closely invested by Caesarian generals. So much for provinces and armies. Had

t not to be avenged; an assertion of liberty had been answered by the Caesarian leaders with concord in word and action. As the c

d by the Dictatorship might even be prolonged. It all turned upon the Caesarian consul. Marcus Antonius was one of the most abl

are trivial, ridiculous or conventional. That the private life of the Caesarian soldier was careless, disorderly, and even disgra

l or politic formula Antonius was never accused of dissimulation: the Caesarian leader was later to be taunted with inconsistency

bject of his ambition, which was to seize and maintain primacy in the Caesarian party. No doubt Antonius desired them to be away

i. ’ 5 Hence Cicero’s indignation that under the pretext of concord Caesarian partisans should retain their acquisitions ’pacis

ure of the Roman party-politician. He was consul and chief man in the Caesarian faction: power and patronage rested in his hands.

of the ulterior ambitions of Antonius. In the light of his subsequent Caesarian policy and final contest for the dominion of the

gt;109 be a resourceful politician, presenting a double front, both Caesarian and Republican, and advancing steadily. To what e

n and Republican, and advancing steadily. To what end? Primacy in the Caesarian party was now his: but he might have to fight to

ght have to be admitted by neutrals even by Republicans. As for the Caesarian party, there were rivals here and potential adver

isance to any government: not less so, but for different reasons, the Caesarian young men Curio and Caelius, had they survived fo

teness of the glorious Ides of March could not justly complain if the Caesarian consul solicited the favour or enlisted the servi

in Hispania Ulterior. Nor was this all. The trusty and experienced Caesarian partisans P. Vatinius and T. Sextius were in co

isius Sabinus. PageBook=>111 the proconsul of Macedonia, was a Caesarian but also a kinsman of Brutus, hence a potential d

nia: the only armies east of Macedonia were the six legions under the Caesarian generals beleaguering Apamea (L. Staius Murcus an

ent kingdom of Egypt. Nor was trouble likely to come from the other Caesarian military men or recent governors of provinces, fe

of a consulate. 4 Death frustrated his intended candidature, but the Caesarian alliance maintained the fortunes of the family. T

vi Julii filius’; and from 38 B.C. onwards the military leader of the Caesarian NotesPage=>112 1 On the family, see above

ed son have succeeded in playing off the Republican cause against the Caesarian leaders, survived the War of Perusia and lived to

idant and secretary of the Dictator. 2 Other prominent members of the Caesarian faction were approached: Hirtius and Pansa were c

fortune mattered little for the power rested with the leaders of the Caesarian party. Foreseeing trouble with Antonius about the

imacy depended upon a delicate equilibrium between the support of the Caesarian interests, especially plebs and veterans, and the

essed conciliation towards the assassins, with impunity. The disloyal Caesarian was soon to be brought to book. To maintain power

he last extended command in Gaul had meant. Two other measures of a Caesarian and popular character were passed, a law permitti

ined over the populace. The heir of Caesar at once devoted himself to Caesarian propaganda. Games and festivals were customary

n house (July 20th to 30th). Octavianus again sought to exhibit the Caesarian emblems. When Antonius intervened, the sympathies

of July. The recrudescence of public disorder and the emergence of a Caesarian rival might well force Antonius back again to the

e hopes were shattered at a blow. The prospect of a split between the Caesarian leader and Caesar’s heir was distasteful to the s

owever, no mention of the Ludi Victoriae Caesaris, which revealed the Caesarian sentiments of the mob and the popularity of Caesa

ies on his journey from Brundisium to Rome. As the months passed, the Caesarian sentiments of the legionaries were steadily reinf

ed by the plebs and the veterans, he possessed the means to split the Caesarian party. For his first designs he needed funds and

e must turn his hopes and his efforts towards the more obscure of the Caesarian novi homines in the Senate, or, failing them, to

ed following was won, and his power revealed, he could build up a new Caesarian party of his own. It was the aim of Octavianus

patrician nature of Caesar. He soon took the measure of Antonius: the Caesarian soldier was a warning against the more generous v

Octavianus to subvert the domination of Antonius, and so destroy the Caesarian party, first Antonius, then Octavianus. But befor

e frustrated. Brutus and Cassius did not return to Rome and the rival Caesarian leaders were reconciled through the insistence of

ter that danger and outbid his rival the consul went farther with his Caesarian and popular policy. In the Senate on September

the plebs, from the veterans and from Octavianus. In pursuance of his Caesarian policy, Antonius caused to be set up in the Forum

s being rebuilt, this time against Antonius, by a hostile alliance of Caesarian and Pompeian elements. Antonius had failed as a n

see O. E. Schmidt, Philologus LI (1892), 198 ff. PageBook=>127 Caesarian leader his primacy was menaced. Senate, plebs and

the private army of Octavianus would not stand against Antonius, the Caesarian general: yet Antonius was impotent against the he

Out of Rome and liberated from the snares of political intrigue, the Caesarian soldier recovered his confidence in the fresh air

n of action. Brutus refused to yield. Antonius marched northward with Caesarian rapidity and entered the province of Cisalpine Ga

=>129 Octavianus turned for help to friends of his own, to loyal Caesarian adherents, to shady adventurers. Good fortune has

ostumus) the only such recorded for a long time. What remained of the Caesarian faction after the Ides of March showed a lack of

ying their own game or bound to Antonius; and some of the best of the Caesarian military men were absent in the provinces. The

e Ti. Cannutius, L. Cassius Longinus (a brother of the assassin but a Caesarian in sympathy), and D. Carfulenus. The latter was p

hrough all vicissitudes of craft and violence, extorts recognition as Caesarian leader beside Antonius, only eight men of senator

policy they had, and they might achieve it to restore concord in the Caesarian party and so in the Roman State. They would gladl

ted he had family connexions that could be brought into play, for the Caesarian cause or for the Republic. 6 Whatever the rumou

head and front of the group of politicians who intended to employ the Caesarian adventurer to destroy the Caesarian party. Cice

icians who intended to employ the Caesarian adventurer to destroy the Caesarian party. Cicero claimed that he had always been c

terms with the government. Cicero was sorry. 4 The domination of the Caesarian faction in the person of Antonius appeared unshak

body to support him. The sanguine hopes of a concerted assault on the Caesarian position were rudely dispelled. Cicero’s changed

opetra. Only a domestic quarrel, it might appear, in the ranks of the Caesarian party: yet clearly of a kind to influence the pub

on to return, Cicero did not know that unity had been restored in the Caesarian party. Again, in the first two speeches against A

e, however, but an accurate forecast of the hazards of supporting the Caesarian revolutionary. Octavianus NotesPage=>142 1

se. In the provinces of the West stood Plancus, Lepidus and Pollio, Caesarian partisans all three, but diverse in character, at

ill have reflected that next to Antonius he was the most hated of the Caesarian leaders, hated and despised for lack of the splen

teemed, outstripping Dolabella. There he found six legions, under the Caesarian generals Staius Murcus and Marcius Crispus, encam

end. Consternation descended on the associates of Antonius, on many a Caesarian , and on such honest friends of peace as were not

ement with Antonius: Antonius suppressed, he would be the next of the Caesarian generals to be assailed. They protested loyalty t

ius warned them that they were being used by Pompeians to destroy the Caesarian party, assured them that the generals stood by hi

wrote Pollio from Spain. 3 Cicero had boasted in the Senate that the Caesarian veterans were on the wane, no match for the patri

h his own position was. Antonius might be destroyed hence ruin to the Caesarian cause, and soon to Caesar’s heir. Antonius had wa

nifest. It did not require to be demonstrated by the advice which the Caesarian consul Pansa on his death-bed may or may not have

uanimity the ruin of D. Brutus and the triumph of diplomacy among the Caesarian armies of the West. Antonius marched westwards

mpeius. He did not wish to be nor could he have subjugated the strong Caesarian sympathies of officers and men: they followed Lep

ed Lepidus not from merit or affection but only because Lepidus was a Caesarian . The troops introduced Antonius into the camp, th

a Gallic chieftain. It would be easy and unprofitable to arraign the Caesarian generals for lack of heroism and lack of principl

le and of all Italy’. 2 The energy of Antonius, the devotion of the Caesarian legions, the timidity, interest or patriotism of

enduring compact of interest and sentiment through which the revived Caesarian party was to establish the Dictatorship again, th

ly the subtle and masterly policy of using Caesar’s heir to wreck the Caesarian party. Octavianus did not intend to be removed; a

ius he may still have hoped for an accommodation:7 the brother of the Caesarian leader was a valuable hostage. Brutus had been

a Republican to resist the worst excesses of civil war. Lepidus was a Caesarian : but Brutus refused to concur in the hounding dow

r of Caesar’s heir to consummate the ruin of the most powerful of the Caesarian generals. Hence an immediate change of front No

the coalition of March 17th, and divided for a time the ranks of the Caesarian party. With the revival of the Pompeian faction i

f Rome and the gathering power of Brutus and Cassius in the East, the Caesarian leaders were drawn irresistibly together. They we

the soldiery insisted on a solid guarantee against dissension in the Caesarian party. Octavianus gave up his betrothed, the daug

many astute individuals who owed security, if not enrichment, to the Caesarian party. NotesPage=>191 1 Suetonius, Divus A

emble a class-war and in the process transformed and consolidated the Caesarian party. Yet there were personal and local causes

stocrats supported Caesar; 4 and some will have remained loyal to the Caesarian party. Certain wealthy families, such as the Aeli

ges, the first to provide money for the war, the second to reward the Caesarian legions after victory. War and the threat of ta

. Fufius Calenus held a military command and died in 40 B.C.; but the Caesarian nobilis Cn. Domitius Calvinus prolonged an active

imself ‘Divi filius’. Under the sign of the avenging of Caesar, the Caesarian armies made ready for war. The leaders decided to

er the Republican admiral Staius Murcus. When Octavianus arrived, the Caesarian fleet was strong enough to force the passage. T

1 Dio 47, 18, 3. 2 The Lex Rufrena, ILS 73 and 73 a. Rufrenus was a Caesarian (Ad fam. 10, 21, 4, above, p. 189). 3 Appian, B

labella, and the recalcitrance of Rhodes and the cities of Lycia, the Caesarian cause had suffered complete eclipse in the East.

l. But with Caesar’s heir there could be no pact or peace. 1 When the Caesarian leaders united to establish a military dictatorsh

ntrary, Brutus at last was calm and decided. After the triumph of the Caesarian generals and the institution of the proscriptions

the tried merit of Cassius. The best of the legions, it is true, were Caesarian veterans. Yet the soldiers welcomed Cassius when

paign into the winter months, the lack of supplies would disperse the Caesarian legions over the desolate uplands of Macedonia or

. The battle was indecisive. Brutus on the right flank swept over the Caesarian lines and captured the camp of Octavianus, who wa

Brutus gave way at last. After a tenacious and bloody contest, the Caesarian army prevailed. Once again the Balkan lands witne

arrinas. On the field of Philippi fell the younger Hortensius, once a Caesarian , Cato’s son, a Lucullus, a NotesPage=>205

. She must force him by discrediting, if not by destroying, the rival Caesarian leader, and thus win for her absent and unsuspect

y seemed to desire. Octavianus, while prosecuting the policy of the Caesarian party, was in danger of succumbing to just such a

eneste in the neighbourhood of Rome. And now the soldiery took a hand Caesarian veterans from Ancona, old soldiers of Antonius, s

surrender. The Queen, who was able to demonstrate her loyalty to the Caesarian party, received confirmation in her possessions a

d alarming civil war had broken out between his own adherents and the Caesarian leader. 5 The paradox that Antonius went from S

ut even raised civil war with a fair prospect of destroying the rival Caesarian leader, might well seem to cry out for an explana

ilippi, of Perusia. With this moral support Antonius confronted his Caesarian rival. For war, his prospects were better than he

usia. His errors had enabled Octavianus to assert himself as the true Caesarian by standing for the interests of the legions. But

vidienus should have known how the odds lay. Once again, however, the Caesarian legions bent the Caesarian leaders to their will

how the odds lay. Once again, however, the Caesarian legions bent the Caesarian leaders to their will and saved the lives of Roma

. Marcellus, in this year. Such was the Pact of Brundisium, the new Caesarian alliance formed in September of the year which bo

h the morose sister of Pompeius’ father-in-law. Brundisium united the Caesarian leaders in concord and established peace for the

istorical situation in 40 B.C. PageBook=>220 leadership of the Caesarian party, should in truth have ruled over a world th

That was not to be known. At the end of 40 B.C. the domination of the Caesarian faction, founded upon the common interests of lea

ublican Ahenobarbus had been dispatched to Bithynia to facilitate the Caesarian compact. 2 Plancus soon followed as governor of t

lvisius Sabinus and L. Marcius Censorinus, were a visible reminder of Caesarian loyalty alone of the senators they had sought to

ng the impeccable precedent set by the soldiers, they constrained the Caesarian leaders to open negotiations with After interchan

s to check the power of his ambitious rival for the leadership of the Caesarian party. The young Caesar, strong in the support of

us and others transferred their allegiance to Antonius, who, though a Caesarian , was one of themselves, a soldier and a man of ho

ctavianus was able to win over more and more of the leading senators, Caesarian , Republican or neutral. 2 For the present, howeve

ppaedius Silo. 6 Ventidius had served under Caesar, and he moved with Caesarian decision and rapidity. In three great battles, at

in order and the organs of government repaired or the position of the Caesarian leaders so far consolidated that they could dispe

us would have none of that. Further, from duty to his ally and to the Caesarian party, Antonius had lost the better part of two y

nd princes or local dynasts in foreign lands had lapsed by now to the Caesarian party. Sextus’ brother was dead, as were those fa

t. Lepidus in Africa was silent or ambiguous. Ambition had made him a Caesarian , but he numbered friends and kinsmen among the Re

th the armies and a provincial clientela like that of Pompeius or the Caesarian leaders, he might still exert the traditional pol

troy Pompeius without delay. For the moment Antonius was loyal to the Caesarian alliance; but Antonius, who came to Brundisium bu

ictory. In the night a tempest arose and shattered the remnant of the Caesarian fleet. Pompeius rendered thanks to his protecting

Caesar’s officers and a senator before the assassination, was a loyal Caesarian , at first a partisan of Antonius. 5 L. Cornificiu

lcher are obscure probably tortuous. 7 The principal members of the Caesarian faction won glory and solid recompense. In publ

govern the military provinces of Gaul, Spain and Africa. 1 A powerful Caesarian oligarchy grew up, while the party of Antonius, b

nd Octavia had given Antonius no son to inherit his leadership of the Caesarian party and monarchy over all the world. Of the Cae

ership of the Caesarian party and monarchy over all the world. Of the Caesarian leaders, neither could brook an equal. Should Ant

honourable wounds. Antonius must not be allowed to presume upon his Caesarian qualities or retain the monopoly of martial valou

in, murderous and unrelenting, took on the contemporary features of a Caesarian military leader. 5 Civil war, tearing aside wor

mpeians retorted by scandalous imputations about the character of the Caesarian writer. 3 In Rome of the Triumvirs men became i

n mistake for one of the assassins of Caesar; Q. Cornificius, another Caesarian , orator and poet, perished in Africa, commanding

ligions or gross superstitions, invading all classes. T. Sextius, the Caesarian general in Africa, carried with him a bull’s head

chose to give to his rule, because it was for monarchy that the rival Caesarian leaders contended ‘cum se uterque principem non s

ce hitherto at least in so far as concerned Roman politics, the rival Caesarian leader or even the parent himself. Antonius now a

vincial governors, generals, admirals and diplomats. 3 Of his earlier Caesarian associates, the marshals Ventidius and Decidius w

B.C. (Dio 51, 7, i), is otherwise unknown: perhaps a relative of the Caesarian legate C. Didius (Bell. Hisp, 40, I, &c). M.

268 Antonius had been a loyal friend to Caesar, but not a fanatical Caesarian . The avenging of the Dictator and the contriving

In birth and in repute Ahenobarbus stood next to Antonius in the new Caesarian and Republican coalition. Another kinsman of Cato

e names is impressive when contrasted with the following of the rival Caesarian dynast, but decorative rather than solid and usef

le doubt whether the motley party of Antonius with a variegated past, Caesarian , Pompeian and Republican, bound by personal loyal

n an accident in the contest, inevitable without her, between the two Caesarian leaders. Failing Cleopatra and her children, Octa

eir as well as authentic son of the Dictator. Octavianus put up the Caesarian agent Oppius to disprove paternity. 4 The Republi

accusing Sosius and Antonius. None dared to raise a voice against the Caesarian leader. Octavianus then dismissed the Senate, ins

єóχμωσєν. Perhaps he was approached by eminent ex- Republicans in the Caesarian party. 3 More than seven hundred senators fough

ompeians as amenable to discipline as were the chief men of the rival Caesarian faction. Ruinous symptoms were soon apparent, her

ll kept in his company men of principle, distinction and ability, old Caesarian partisans, Republicans, Pompeians. Certain allies

ber and perpetuate. The Pompeians Saturninus and Arruntius had turned Caesarian by now; and certain consular diplomats or diploma

andria. 2 The signal was given for a renewed attack. Calvisius, the Caesarian soldier, adopting with some precipitance the unfa

allegiance was perhaps not a single act, ordered by one decree of the Caesarian leader and executed simultaneously over all Italy

in his own right, and implacable ambition. From the rivalry of the Caesarian leaders a latent opposition between Rome and the

ny a man might discern a patent fraud, distrust the propaganda of the Caesarian party and refuse to believe that the true cause o

hey knew the price of peace and survival. There was no choice : the Caesarian leader would tolerate no neutrality in the nation

ntellect: he had no illusions about Octavianus and his friends in the Caesarian party, old and new, about Plancus, or about Agrip

onists and business men or native dynasts, were firmly devoted to the Caesarian cause. Men from Spain and Gallia Narbonensis had

n of a pacified West as well as the power and glory of Caesar and the Caesarian party. 4 The armies of the West were left in ch

ight for the Queen of Egypt? They had all the old personal loyalty of Caesarian legions to a general of Caesar’s dash and vigour;

marshals after Agrippa, and the renegade Titius were in charge of the Caesarian legions. The course, character and duration of

would soon be felt. Some at least of the triumphs soon to be held by Caesarian marshals (no fewer than six in 28-26 B.C.) were f

ported in the years following by the triumphs of men prominent in the Caesarian party, the proconsuls of the western provinces :4

Romulus in Dionysius of Halicarnassus (2, 7 ff.), with its remarkable Caesarian or Augustan anticipations, probably derives from

s the process of regulating the State to go, under what name were the Caesarian party and its leader to rule? He had resigned the

Princeps by his use of ‘imperator’ as a part of his name recalled his Caesarian and military character; and he ruled the province

e of literature in the Augustan age is certainly Pompeian rather than Caesarian , just as its avowed ideals are Republican, not ab

s, were well aware of what was afoot. To secure the domination of the Caesarian party, the consolidation of the Revolution and th

of praetors. 2 A noble, but none the less by now a firm member of the Caesarian party, was M. Junius Silanus, of a variegated pas

n of Philippi. Norbanus himself was married to a great heiress in the Caesarian party, the daughter of Cornelius Balbus. 4 As for

undisium Rome had witnessed no fewer than ten triumphs of proconsuls, Caesarian or Antonian, before Actium, and six more since th

risis, in itself of no great moment, arose grave consequences for the Caesarian party and for the Roman State. Late in 24 B.C. or

is friend. Since that catastrophe until recently the chief men of the Caesarian party had remained steadfastly loyal to Caesar’s

istory and in certain of the Odes of Horace. 1 The chief men of the Caesarian party had their own reasons. If Caesar’s heir per

tavianus, who was his heir in name and blood. The sentiments of the Caesarian party were soon made known. The result was a defe

ics into the realm of pure monarchy; and it might end in wrecking the Caesarian party. In the secret debate which the historian

tood it. Agrippa is rather to be regarded as the deputy-leader of the Caesarian party. PageNote. 345 1 Suetonius, Caligula 23

d a monarchy in the full and flagrant sense of those terms. But the Caesarian party had thwarted its leader in the matter of Ma

. There is always an oligarchy somewhere, open or concealed. When the Caesarian armies prevailed and the Republic perished, three

pre-ordained harmony or theory of politics, but by the history of the Caesarian party and by the demands of imperial government.

in the end, by stripping Antonius, it not merely swallowed up the old Caesarian party but secured the adhesion of a large number

embers, lacking claims of pietas towards the Princeps, service to the Caesarian cause and protection in high places. The Caesaria

e knights who had won the War of Actium. In the crisis of 23 B.C. the Caesarian party thwarted the monarchical designs of Augustu

nt predilection for the aristocracy. Like Caesar’s faction, the new Caesarian party comprised diverse elements, the most ancien

ancial subsidy. Loyalty and service to the patron and leader of the Caesarian party continued to be the certain avenue of advan

rate and detailed treatment. Noble or upstart, the chief men of the Caesarian party attained to the consulate and dispensed pat

nd of Ti. Claudius Nero. PageBook=>384 The next generation was Caesarian . His father’s brother, a senator, supported Agrip

less, a certain number of prominent and representative figures in the Caesarian party and certain members of the reigning family

he other in his eleventh year. The Princeps had broken loose from the Caesarian party, alienated his deputy and a section at leas

iral. The Aemilii perpetuated their old political alliance with the Caesarian cause, but not through the Triumvir. His nephew a

stood closely bound by ties of kinship or personal alliance with the Caesarian house. Scarcely less prominent the Valerii, thoug

ly over Rome: Philippi, Perusia and even Actium were victories of the Caesarian party over the nobiles. Being recruited in so lar

ure, so did Octavianus. It was the fashion to be Pompeian rather than Caesarian , for that was the ‘better cause’. 2 It may be pre

the enemies of the Fatherland. Divus Julius was the watchword of the Caesarian army; and Divus Julius had been avenged by his so

rtune when the soldiers of Brutus broke into the camp and tent of the Caesarian leader at Philippi: he was not there. After the

sumed that they were not alarmingly outspoken about the career of the Caesarian leader in the revolutionary wars. Messalla prai

: no offspring of theirs could hope to receive the consulate from the Caesarian leader. But the Caesarians themselves seem to far

a traditional Roman prejudice, sharpened under the domination of the Caesarian party and debarred from attacking the head of the

of his earlier partisans; the nobiles returned to prominence and the Caesarian party itself was transformed and transcended. A g

character of in 32 B.C., 288; sworn to Tiberius, 438. Allienus, A., Caesarian partisan, 64, 111, 171, 199. Alps, conquest of,

ius. Camillus, 18, 305. Campania, Roman nobles from, 84; Marian and Caesarian partisans, 90 f., 193 f.; relatives of Velleius P

rrinas, C., Marian partisan, 65. Carrinas, C. (cos. suff. 43 B.C.), Caesarian partisan, 65, 90, 111, 188, 199, 234, 327; in Spa

us, L. (cos. A.D. 30), 492. Cassius Longinus, Q. (tr. pl. 49 B.C.), Caesarian , 43, 64. Cassius Severus, the orator, 375, 483;

nus, M. (cos. 22 B.C.), 64, 339, 423, 491, 512. Claudius Nero, Ti., Caesarian and Republican, 69, 98; in the Bellum Perusinum,

elius Lentulus Marcellinus, Cn. (cos. 56 B.C.), 35, 36, 44; his son a Caesarian , 64; his wife Scribonia, 229. Cornelius Lentulu

of Diana, 402; his origin, 237. PageBook=>545 Cornificius, Q., Caesarian partisan, 63, 76; in Africa, 110, 189, 213; as a

385 f. Courtiers, 385 f., 501. Crassus, see Licinius. Crastinus, Caesarian centurion, 70. Cremona, 74, 79, 251. Cremutius

, Cn., proscribed Samnite, 80. Decidius Saxa, L. (tr. pl. 44 B.C.), Caesarian partisan from Spain, 79, 80, 116, 126, 132, 151,

itius Apulus, Antonian, 132. Domitius Calvinus, Cn. (cos. 53 B.C.), Caesarian partisan, 62, 111, 165, 197, 327, 368; in the cam

87 ff.; punished by Sulla, 87; rises for Lepidus, 17, 89; Marian and Caesarian partisans, 90, 93; Sertorius, 129; Triumviral and

Calenus, 213. PageBook=>548 Fufius Calenus, Q. (cos. 47 B.C.), Caesarian partisan, 66, 94, 111, 126, 197; defends the caus

of Syria, 66 f., 103, 149 f.; trial and condemnation, 48, 66, 144; a Caesarian , 62, 81; his death, 62; no consular son, 498; all

; the clientela of the Domitii, 44, 74 f., 79 f.; of Pompeius, 74 f.; Caesarian partisans, 74 f.; senators from, 79 f., 367, 502

onius. Granii, commercial family from Puteoli, 90 f. Granius Petro, Caesarian , 90 f. Greece, in relation to Roman patriotism,

vii, Gallic tribe, 75. Helvius, of Formiae, 27. Helvius Cinna, C, Caesarian and poet, 79, 251. Heracles, 263. Herennius, M.

., from Ferentinum, 362. Hirtius, A. (cos. 43 B.C.), novus homo and Caesarian , 95; in 44 B.C., 97, 99 f., 102, 114, 115, 142, 1

verished grandson of the orator, 493. Hortensius Hortalus, Q., as a Caesarian , 63, 64; governor of Macedonia, 110 f.; with the

iberators, 171, 198; death at Philippi, 205. Hostilius Saserna, C., Caesarian , 79. Hostilius Saserna, L., Caesarian, 79. Hostil

, 205. Hostilius Saserna, C., Caesarian, 79. Hostilius Saserna, L., Caesarian , 79. Hostilius Saserna, P., Caesarian, 79. Hybrea

ian, 79. Hostilius Saserna, L., Caesarian, 79. Hostilius Saserna, P., Caesarian , 79. Hybreas, orator of Mylasa, 259. Idealizati

192; disappears from notice, 197. Julius Caesar, Sex. (q. 47 B.C.), Caesarian , 64. Julius Calidus, L., poetical knight, prosc

sthumous reputation, 148, 320, 465, 506. Junius Brutus Albinus, D., Caesarian and tyrannicide, 64, 95, 109; after the Ides of M

Licinius Crassus, M., elder son of M. Crassus (cos. 70 B.C.), and a Caesarian , 22, 36, 64. Licinius Crassus, M. (cos. 30 B.C.

s, C. (Marian partisan), 19. Marcius Censorinus, L. (cos. 39 B.C.), Caesarian and Antonian partisan, 221, 266, 327; proconsul o

L. (cos. 8 B.C.), 496. Marcius Coriolanus, 85. Marcius Crispus, Q., Caesarian partisan, 64, 111, 171, 199; his extensive milita

men, 36, 112, 128. Marcius Philippus, L. (cos. suff. 38 B.C.), as a Caesarian , 64; his consulate, 229; proconsul of Spain, 239;

242. Memmius Regulus, P. (cos. suff. A.D. 31), 499, 518 Menedemus, Caesarian in Thessaly, 262. Messalla, see Valerius. Messa

us, M., early partisan of Octavianus, 132, 236. Minucius Basilus, L., Caesarian partisan from Picenum, 92, 95. Minucius Thermus,

f, 169 ff. PageBook=>556 Mylasa, 260. Mytilene, Pompeian and Caesarian partisans from, 76, 263; honours Pompeius and The

es, of new nobility, 424. Nonius Asprenas, L. (cos. suff. 36 B.C.), Caesarian partisan, 64, 111, 199; his origin, 92; descendan

.C.), Marian partisan, 65, 93. Norbanus Flaccus, C. (cos. 38 B.C.), Caesarian partisan, 65, 200, 235, 325, 327; in the campaign

8, 374; promoted by Marius, 86, 94; allies of Pompeius, 31 f.; in the Caesarian party, 80 ff.; in the Triumviral period, 199 ff.,

ianus, see Augustus. Octavii, 19, 83, 493. Octavius, the Marsian, Caesarian partisan, 91, 200. Octavius, C., equestrian grand

oppaeus Sabinus, 499. Opitergium, 75. Oppii, 72, 268. Oppius, C., Caesarian agent and banker, 71 f., 81, 159; after the Ides,

n of Pansa, 90; War of, 207 ff., 213; sack of, 211 f., 466. Petraeus, Caesarian in Thessaly, 262. Petreius, M., Pompeian partis

uary, 105. Petronius, P., praefectus Aegypti, 338. Petrosidius, L., Caesarian centurion, 89. Pharsalus, Battle of, 50. Philhe

plebeian families, 19 f.; local origins, 84 f. Plebs, venality and Caesarian sentiments of, 100 f., 119 f., 142; and Augustus,

character and virtues of, 334, 358. Procurators, 356. Profiteers, Caesarian , 76 f., 380; in the proscriptions, 191, 194 f.; f

92. Satyrus, from Chersonnesus, 262. Saxa, see Decidius. Scaeva, Caesarian centurion, 70. Scaurus, see Aemilius. Scipio, s

76 B.C.), 19, 63. Scribonius Curio, C. (tr. pl. 50 B.C.), becomes a Caesarian , 41 f.; his friends and enemies, 63, 66; his rela

.C.), 20, 21, 25, 64. Servilius Vatia Isauricus, P. (cos. 48 B.C.), Caesarian partisan, 64, 69, 94; proconsul of Asia, 109, 136

35. Sestius, P. (tr. pl. 57 B.C.), 335. Seviri, 472. Sextius, T., Caesarian general, 110; in Africa, 189, 199, 213; his super

37, 42, 405; clientela of the Pompeii, 75; relations with Caesar, 75; Caesarian partisans, 80; in 44–43 B.C., 110, 165 f., 189; u

the Principate, 455, 474. Spolia opima, 308. Staius Murcus, L., Caesarian partisan, 91; proconsul of Syria, 111; joins the

99. Sulpicius Rufus, P. (tr. pl. 88 B.C.), 65. Sulpicius Rufus, P., Caesarian , 65. Sulpicius Rufus, Ser. (cos. 51 B.C.), as c

es, see Cn. Pompeius Theophanes. Thermus, see Minucius. Theopompus, Caesarian from Cnidus, 76, 262. Thessaly, Caesarians in,

422, 511. Ticida, L., lover of a Metella, 63. Tillius Cimber, L., Caesarian and assassin, 95, 102 f., 206. Timagenes, Greek h

equestrian civil servant, 514. Titiopolis, in Cilicia, 281. Titius, Caesarian senator, perhaps from Spain, 80. Titius, M. (co

ini, senator from 361. Veterans, allegiance of, 15; Sullan, 88, 89; Caesarian , 101, 120, 255; bribed by Octavianus, 125; change

rinum, 362, 434, 498. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, C. (cos. 43 B.C.), Caesarian novus homo, 71; his name and origin, 71, 90; atti

Eutrapelus, P., friend of Antonius, 195, 252. Volusenus Quadratus, C, Caesarian officer, 71, 355. Volusius, Q., kinsman of Tibe