lba, cf. Suetonius, Galba 4, I; Dio 64, I, I; note, however, Tacitus, Ann . 6, 20. PageBook=>002 ‘Pax et Princeps. ’

λλἀ ĸαὶ στασίαρχoι µoναρχιĸoί. 2 Tacitus, Hist, 2, 38. 3 Tacitus, Ann . 1,1; Hist. 2, 38. 4 Sallust, Hist. I, 18 m: *e

us inconditae olim vitae mos, ut omne ius in viribus esset’; Tacitus, Ann . 3, 28: ‘exim continua per viginti annos discordi

ς θϵραπϵίαν τ ς πóλϵως πιĸλƞθϵίς; cf. Plutarch, Pompeius 55; Tacitus, Ann . 3, 28. 7 Asconius 30 = p. 34 Clark: ‘adfuerunt

ommends the voluptuary Petronius, an excellent proconsul of Bithynia ( Ann . 16, 18), Otho, who governed Lusitania with integ

que foeda memorari; ceterum regendis provinciis prisca virtute egit’ ( Ann . 6, 32). The same historian’s cool treatment of t

he father was L. Maecenas (ILS 7848; cf. Nicolaus 31, 133?). Tacitus ( Ann . 6, 11) and many of the moderns give Octavianus’

39; Dio 45, 3, 2. On this cf. the acute observations of B. R. Motzo, Ann . della facoltà di filosofia e lettere della r. Un

3 BMC, R. Rep. 11, 370 ff.; also the inscr., ILS 8891. 4 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 9: ‘pietate erga parentem et necessitudine re

tos, quamquam fas sit privata odia publicis utilitatibus remittiere’ ( Ann . 1, 10). 4 Ad fam. 10, 35, 2: ‘ut privatis offe

os. suff. 33 B.C., and M. Vinicius, cos. suff. 19 B.C.), cf. Tacitus, Ann . 6, 15. An inscr. from Cales (L’ann. e’p., 1929,

; also the pertinacious young Pompeian, Cn. Calpurnius Piso (Tacitus, Ann . 2, 43). For the coinage of the Liberators and th

e ‘Machares’, which occurs in the royal house of Pontus. 3 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 28. Ch. XV PHILIPPI AND PERUSIA PageBook=

s, the most important texts are Suetonius, Divus Aug. 29, 5; Tacitus, Ann . 3, 72. The complicated evidence is digested and

ζ. This sort of thing was described by Tacitus as ‘Graeca adulatio’ ( Ann . 6, 18). 3 SIG3 760: τὸν ἀπò εAρεωϛ καì ’Aϕρὸδє

sar (alleged son of the Dictator, but probably not, cf. J. Carcopino, Ann . de l’École des Hautes Études de Gand 1 (1937), 3

Cleopatra in relation to Caesar has been firmly argued by Carcopino, Ann . de l’École des Hautes Études de Gand 1 (1937), 3

. The increase of patricians was sanctioned by a Lex Saenia (Tacitus, Ann . 11, 25). L. Saenius was cos. suff. in 30 B.C.

4, 561 f.: ‘victorque volentes | per populos dat iura. ’ 4 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 28. PageBook=>308 marshals, such as Ag

θεραπείαν τῆζ πόλεωζ ἐπικληθείζ; cf. Plutarch, Pompeius 55; Tacitus, Ann . 3, 28. 5 Suetonius, Divus Aug. 42, 1: ‘ut salu

que pios, his dantem iura Catonem. 7 NotesPage=>317 1 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 28: ‘turn Cn. Pompeius, tertium consul corrig

2, 8, cf. above, p. 27). 3 Tacitus, in his history of legislation ( Ann . 3, 28), passes at once from 52 B.C. to 28 B.C. I

n between, ‘non mos, non ius. ’ 4 Seneca, NQ 5, 18, 4. 5 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 34, on the interpretation of which, JRS XXVII

rs would have said ‘pax et dominus’. NotesPage=>323 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1 , 9: ‘non regno tamen neque dictatura sed prin

cet divum populus mentis imperi rebus? 4 PageNote. 335 1 Tacitus, Ann . 2, 43. 2 Dio 53, 30, 2. 3 Ib. 50, 32, 4. Son

C., to exclude a man from the tribunate (Dio 52, 42, 3). 4 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 56. PageBook=>337 With his keen taste

me ‘talis hominibus fuit oratio qualis vita. ’ On Bathyllus, Tacitus, Ann . 1, 54 &c. 2 Pliny, NH 8, 170. 3 Suetoniu

a soon after: the first praefectus annonae was C. Turranius (Tacitus, Ann . 1, 7). 4 Cicero, In Pisonem, fr. 9 = Asconius

ther, Alfidius: her mother was called Alfidia, ILS 125). 2 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 3: ‘atque ilia, cui avunculus Augustus, socer

consular rank (Velleius 2, 127, 3), cf. Table VI at end. 4 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 40: ‘C. Proculeium et quosdam in sermonibus h

w furnished Rome with two consuls. 7 NotesPage=>362 1 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 48. Lanuvium is only five miles from Velitrae

378, on the mysterious connexion with the house of Messalla (Tacitus, Ann . 12, 22). 4 Namely the poet C. Valgius Rufus, o

us Naso (CIL V, 3341) was of praetorian rank before A.D. 26 (Tacitus, Ann . 4, 56). Note also Sex. Papinius Allenius (ILS 94

4, 3, 10 ff. (speech of the tribune Canuleius); ILS 212 and Tacitus, Ann . II, 24 (‘oratio claudi caesaris’). Cf. above, p.

nded far beyond the bounds of Italy. NotesPage=>367 1 Tacitus, Ann . 11, 24: ‘manent posteri eorum. ’ 2 Junius Gall

P-W x, 1035 f.). (Q.) Pompeius Macer was praetor in A.D. 15 (Tacitus, Ann . 1, 72), Cn. Domitius Afer in 25 (Ann. 4, 52). Ag

as praetor in A.D. 15 (Tacitus, Ann. 1, 72), Cn. Domitius Afer in 25 ( Ann . 4, 52). Again, a certain A. Castricius, the son

domi artes’) ennobled their adepts. NotesPage=>374 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 15. 2 Cicero, Pro Murena, passim. 3 He ho

etonius, Divus Iulius 24, 1. 5 Compare Tiberius’ practice (Tacitus, Ann . 4, 6): ‘mandabatque honores, nobilitatem maiorum

ant’, and Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus (on the latter, cf. also Tacitus, Ann . 3, 66; 6, 29). PageBook=>375 Under the ne

y, which he dedicated to Augustus. 7 NotesPage=>375 1 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 75. 2 On the ‘novicius morbus’ (Seneca, Con

him, cf. Seneca, Controv. 1, 2, 3; 7, 5, 10; 10, 4, 25. 5 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 75. He was the grandson of a Sullan centurion

ed connexion with the Messallae in the family of M. Lollius (Tacitus, Ann . 12, 22, cf. E. Groag, P-W XIII, 1378). 2 Velle

n the consulate, M. Valerius Messalla Barbatus Appianus. 5 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 22 f., cf. PIR2, A 420, and Table IV at end.

. ILS 7448 f.). 4 Pliny, NH 18, 37, cf. above, p. 362. 5 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 30 (Volusius): ‘opumque, quis domus illa in i

as highly as did Tacitus (cf. Seneca, De ben. 2, 27, 1). 6 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 22. His divorced wife Aemilia Lepida dishones

o 1, 1. The influence of Urgulania with Livia is attested by Tacitus, Ann . 2, 34; 4, 21 f. It may also be surmised in the m

Lcntulus Scipio, holding that post in A.D. 22 (ILS 940, cf. Tacitus, Ann . 3, 74). PageBook=>397 But even so, in the

. Later imperial freedmen appear. 2 Cf. above, p. 330. 3 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 80; 6, 39; Dio 58, 25, 4. PageBook=>398

sul of Crete and Cyrene? cf. E. Groag, P-W IV A, 825 ff. 2 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 48; Strabo, p. 569. Date unknown: the most pl

d the Danube are attested by Res Gestae 30; Florus 2, 28 f.; Tacitus, Ann . 4, 44; Strabo, pp. 303-5; and by the elogium wit

od. 2 Cassiodorus, Chron. min. 2, 135. 3 Dio 55, 10a, 2; Tacitus, Ann . 4, 44. 4 The date of M. Vinicius’ command (ILS

avour of 10 B.C. On Cn, Cornelius Lentulus (Florus 2, 28 f.; Tacitus, Ann . 4, 44), cf. now E. Groag, PIK2, C 1379, who demo

f the consuls of 8 B.C., ILS 5923 a–d; the first commission, Tacitus, Ann . 1, 79, cf. ILS 5893. 6 Dio 55, 25, 6; 26, 2. C

. C. Turranius is attested as praefectus annonae in A.D. 14, Tacitus, Ann . 1, 7. 7 Cyrene Edicts V, II.107 ff. (for a tex

f consulars on foreign affairs in A.D. 8, Dio 55, 33, 5. 8 Tacitus, Ann . 6, 11. PageBook=>404 Ten years later, whe

ing receptions. 7 NotesPage=>404 1 Dio 54, 19, 6. 2 Tacitus, Ann . 6, 11. For difficulties about the date, cf. PIR2

6 e.g., ILS 120. The last was Q. Junius Blaesus in A.D. 23 (Tacitus, Ann . 3, 74). The practice of awarding ornamenta trium

timate power needs to be discovered. NotesPage=>406 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 3. 2 As was permitted in 23 B.C. (Dio 53, 3

pissimum votum’, namely, ‘vita dum superest, bene est. ’ 2 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 30: ‘suberat tamen vigor animi ingentibus neg

nded in his accounts to the State. 9 NotesPage=>410 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 6. 2 ILS 109: ‘P. Veidius P. f. Pollio | Ca

aerarium militare and, soon after, of the cura annonae. 2 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 7. His son was at once appointed to be his co

Piso will have had something to say. NotesPage=>412 1 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 75, cf. above, p. 382. 2 Cf. W. Kolbe, Aus

faction. NotesPage=>416 1 Suetonius, Tib. 7, 2 f. 2 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 53; Dio 55, 9, 7. According to Velleius (2, 9

us himself gave at a later date (Suetonius, Tib. 10, 2). 3 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 56: ‘sic cohiberi pravas aliorum spes rebatur

hailed him as Princeps Iuventutis. 4 NotesPage=>417 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 4: ‘iram et simulationem et secretas libidine

simulationem et secretas libidines. ’ 2 Dio 55, 9, 2. 3 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 3: ‘necdum posita puerili praetexta principes

stus’ own birthday in A.D. I. 3 Suetonius, Tib. 14, 4, cf. Tacitus, Ann . 6, 21. 4 The narrative of Dio is brief and fra

ppianus (cos. 12 B.C.) and the younger Claudia Marcella. 2 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 5; Ovid, Ex Ponto 1, 2, 138; Fasti 6, 801 ff.

are connexions with the successful novi homines M. Lollius (Tacitus, Ann . 12, 22) and Taurus: his daughter married T. Stat

ngenio violentum et obsequii ignarum, insita ferocia a patre Pisone’ ( Ann . 2, 43). PageBook=>425 C. Sentius Saturnin

ompeian blood or connexions through the Cornelii Sullae, cf. Tacitus, Ann . 3, 31; E. Groag, PIR2, A 1130. 4 T. Statilius

ed with Claudii and Valerii. He was also kin to the Libones (Tacitus, Ann . 2, 30): precisely how, no evidence. 6 Above, p

were others, both senators and knights. 2 Dio 55, 10, 15; Tacitus, Ann . 1, 10; 4, 44. Velleius (2, 100, 4) says that he

2, 5: ‘singularem nequitiam supercilio truci obtegens. ’ 4 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 53: ‘sollers ingenio et prave facundus. ’ On

f the Scipiones and the last of the Claudii Pulchri. 6 Cf. Tacitus, Ann . 3, 24. 7 Seneca, De ben. 6, 32, 1 : ‘admissos

ew, cf. esp. E. Groag, Wiener Studien XLI (1919), 79 ff. 2 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 53, describes him as ‘pervicax adulter’, alle

J. G. C. Anderson in CAH x, 273 ff. 2 Velleius 2, 101, 3; Tacitus, Ann . 4, 1 (Seianus). 3 Suetonius, Tib. 13, 1. 4 l

er had been active in Narbonensis for Caesar (ib. 4, 1). 5 Tacitus, Ann . 2, 42, cf. Suetonius, Tib. 8. PageBook=>429

, 4 ff. Too much has been made of the ‘clades Lolliana’. 6 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 48: ‘Tiberium quoque Rhodi agentem coluerat.

from Rome (February 21st, A.D. 4). 5 NotesPage=>430 1 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 48: ‘incusato M. Lollio, quem auctorem Gaio C

ge=>432 1 Suetonius, Tib. 16, 1; cf. Tiberius’ remarks (Tacitus, Ann . 2, 63). 2 Tacitus, Ann. 4, 71, cf. 3, 24. 3

Tib. 16, 1; cf. Tiberius’ remarks (Tacitus, Ann. 2, 63). 2 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 71, cf. 3, 24. 3 lb. 3, 24. 4 The whole a

, perhaps in A.D. I, as Hohl argues (Klio xxx, 337 ff.). 5 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 3: ‘rudem sane bonarum artium et robore corpo

redde! ’ 2 Velleius 2, 121, 3; Suetonius, Tib. 21, 1. 3 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 5. Quite incredible, cf. E. Groag, P-W VI, 17

n. 1, 5. Quite incredible, cf. E. Groag, P-W VI, 1784 f. 4 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 13, according to whom some authorities substi

er. His daughter was betrothed to Drusus, son of Germanicus (Tacitus, Ann . 6, 40). Velleius described M. Lepidus (2, 114, 5

otesPage=>435 1 Lucilius Longus the friend of Tiberius, Tacitus, Ann . 4, 15: Lucilius the friend of Brutus, Plutarch,

69. 2 Velleius 2, 101, 3. 3 C. Silius A. Caecina Largus (Tacitus, Ann . 1, 31). 4 Velleius 2, 105, 1 (A.D. 4). How lon

362 (Asia); Dio 55, 28, 2 f., cf. SEG VI, 646 (Galatia). 8 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 13, cf. PIR2, C 287. 9 L. Cornelius Lentulu

, fuit. ’ On his habits, cf. also Suetonius, Tib. 42, 1. 5 Tacitus, Ann . 6, 10 (A.D. 32). 6 Dio 58, 19, 5 (‘genus illi

). 6 Dio 58, 19, 5 (‘genus illi decorum, vivida senectus’, Tacitus, Ann . 6, 27). 7 Seneca, Epp. 83, 15: ‘virum gravem,

ermany, A.D. 30-39), betrothed his daughter to Seianus’ son (Tacitus, Ann . 6, 30). Tiberius did not remove him. That was no

citus reports, but because he could trust these Lentuli. 2 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 4. 3 Velleius 2, 124, 1 : ‘quid tunc homine

arn festinanti exprimere vacat neque cui vacat potest. ’ 4 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 31. 5 Ib. 1, 16 (Blaesus); Velleius 2, 125,

5 Ib. 1, 16 (Blaesus); Velleius 2, 125, 5 (Dolabella). 6 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 80, cf. 6, 39. 7 Coin evidence attests him

for details, PIR2, C 64); for the betrothal of his daughter, Tacitus, Ann . 2, 43; ILS 184. PageBook=>438 M. Aemilius

s daughter too was betrothed to a son of Germanicus(Drusus), Tacitus, Ann . 6, 40. 2 Asprenas (cos. suff. A.D. 6) is attes

2 Asprenas (cos. suff. A.D. 6) is attested in A.D. 14/15 (Tacitus, Ann . 1, 53). Lamia (cos. A.D. 3) is presumably his su

ssor. For the evidence for his proconsulate, PIR2 A 200. 3 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 7: ‘Sex. Pompeius et Sex. Appuleius consules

vus Aug. 101, on which E. Hohl, Klio xxx (1937), 323 ff. 5 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 11: ‘proinde in civitate tot inlustribus viri

rue to form, despotic and murderous. NotesPage=>439 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 6, cf. the acute and convincing demonstration

461 ff. 2 Suetonius, Divus Aug. 46. Cf. above, p. 364. 3 Tacitus, Ann . 11, 24. Cf. the observations of Philip V, King o

at infests the back-stairs of monarchy. PageNotes. 452 1 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 53 f. 2 Ib. 3, 55. 3 Ib.: ‘nisi forte reb

in Italy, the levy detested,3 PageNotes. 456 1 Vibidius (Tacitus, Ann . 2, 48); Titedius (ib. 85); Bruttedius (3, 66). N

ragged in obscene jokes (Seneca, Controv. 1, 2, 21; 23). 2 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 52: ‘modicus dignationis et quoquo facinore p

quo facinore properus clarescere. ’ Cf. the reticent obituary notice, Ann . 14, 19. 3 Very impressive is the cumulative ef

y impressive is the cumulative effect of Velleius 2, 130, 2; Tacitus, Ann . 4, 4; Suetonius, Tib. 48, 2. PageBook=>457

1, 16, 3. On Romulus, cf. also above, pp. 305 f.; 313 f. 2 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 34. The term ‘Pompeianus’, however, need not

1. 6 ILS 877. 7 CIL IX, 5853. 8 Velleius 2, 79, 5. 9 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 22 f. PageBook=>479 Augustus, the patr

But was Augustus the ideal Princeps? 3 PageNotes. 479 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 10. 2 According to Suetonius (Divus Aug. 19

d before they had gone very far. 3 This is the argument in Tacitus, Ann . 1, 10 not against the Principate but against the

ents of no little frankness and vigour. PageNotes. 481 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 10: ‘interfectos Romae Varrones Egnatios Iull

s pupils, the other in writing books. 7 PageNotes. 482 1 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 34, cf. Ovid, Ex Ponto 1, 1, 23 f. 2 Plutar

and not to an indiscriminate public. 5 PageNotes. 483 1 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 75: ‘sed Labeo incorrupta libertate et ob id

ords, he said, must follow the sense. 5 PageNotes. 484 1 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 34. 2 Plutarch, Antonius 59; Strabo, p. 523

use. 7 Seneca, Controv. 10, praef. 8. 8 Pliny, NH 7, 55; Tacitus, Ann . 4, 21: ‘sordidae originis, maleficae vitae. Pa

s es, quasi dives es; unum tantum es non quasi, vappa. ’ 3 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 72, cf. Dio 56, 27, 1. 4 Ann. 4, 21. 5 Se

s non quasi, vappa. ’ 3 Tacitus, Ann. 1, 72, cf. Dio 56, 27, 1. 4 Ann . 4, 21. 5 Seneca, Ad Marciam de consolatione 26

deflevit … proscribentis in aeternum ipse proscripsit. ’ 6 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 34 f. 7 Ib., Hist. 1, 1. This is assigned a

es. 492 1 It is not certain that the delator Porcius Cato (Tacitus, Ann . 4, 68 ff.), suffect consul in A.D. 36, belonged

f.), suffect consul in A.D. 36, belonged to this family. 2 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 76. The most germane were not in evidence ‘se

, Daughter Of Germanicus: the Latter, the Jurist (Praised By Tacitus, Ann . 12, 12), was exiled by Nero (Ann. 16, 7 ff.).

er, the Jurist (Praised By Tacitus, Ann. 12, 12), was exiled by Nero ( Ann . 16, 7 ff.). 4 Seneca, Epp. 55, 2 ff., cf. Münz

to, ‘insignis nobilitate et orandis causis, vita probrosus’ (Tacitus, Ann . 6, 29, cf. 3, 66). On his vices, Seneca, De ben.

ices, Seneca, De ben. 4, 31, 3 f.; on his marriage to Aemilia Lepida, Ann . 3, 23. PageBook=>493 His son became consu

scendants. The heir to his power was a Claudian. PageNotes. 493 1 Ann . 2, 37 f. 2 Alleged paramours of Julia, the dau

paramours of Julia, the daughter of Augustus, see above, p. 426. 3 Ann . 4, 13: ‘adultus inter extorris et liberalium art

her had been executed in A.D. 14 by Asprenas the proconsul of Africa ( Ann . 1, 53). PageBook=>494 That was fitting. F

amily conspiracy and a violent death. 4 PageNotes. 494 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 7: ‘per uxorium ambitum et senili adoptione i

M. Junius Silanus, the ‘pecus aurea’, was killed in A.D. 54 (Tacitus, Ann . 13, 1). Junia Calvina was relegated on a charge

Calvina was relegated on a charge of incest with one of her brothers ( Ann . 12, 4); for the date of her death, cf. Suetonius

st consular Marcellus was consul in 22 B.C. 2 ILS 935. 3 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 66. 4 Paullus Fabius Persicus, cos. A.D. 34

0. Gaetulicus’ daughter was betrothed to the son of Seianus (Tacitus, Ann . 6, 30), reinforcing an earlier link between thei

r. 6 PageNotes. 499 1 She married the obscure T. Ollius (Tacitus, Ann . 13, 45), of a Picene family, cf. CIL 12, 1919 (C

4 Lollia Paullina, taken away from P. Memmius Regulus by Caligula ( Ann . 12, 22) and soon dropped by him: willing to marr

ula (Ann. 12, 22) and soon dropped by him: willing to marry Claudius, Ann . 12, 1. She was exiled and killed, Ann. 12, 22.

im: willing to marry Claudius, Ann. 12, 1. She was exiled and killed, Ann . 12, 22. 5 M. Vinicius, cos. 30, cos. 11 45, cf

lled, Ann. 12, 22. 5 M. Vinicius, cos. 30, cos. 11 45, cf. Tacitus, Ann . 6, 15; Dio 60, 27, 4. 6 Down to the consul of

PageNotes. 500 1 His wife had given birth to six children, Tacitus, Ann . 3, 33. 2 For the stemma, PIR1, S 512. 3 Ann.

x children, Tacitus, Ann. 3, 33. 2 For the stemma, PIR1, S 512. 3 Ann . II, 26 ff. 4 PIR2, A 1229. 5 M. Asinius Marc

following section. 4 L. Vitellius, married to Calvina, cf. Tacitus, Ann . 12, 4. 5 Tacitus, Ann. 11, 23: ‘quem ultra hon

Vitellius, married to Calvina, cf. Tacitus, Ann. 12, 4. 5 Tacitus, Ann . 11, 23: ‘quem ultra honorem residuis nobilium au

o’s reign were Pompeius Paullinus and L. Duvius Avitus in succession ( Ann . 13, 53 f.). The former was Seneca’s brother-in-l

For Paullinus and Avitus, see above, p. 502, n. 2; for Curtius Rufus, Ann . 11, 21. The origin of Verginius Rufus is made re

aw and like the best Romans of his day. PageNotes. 507 1 Tacitus, Ann . 3, 65: homines ad servitutem pararos! ’ 2 Sene

the Scipiones, the Fabii and the Aemilii. 4 Tacitus, Agr. 1, 1. 5 Ann . 4, 32. Ch. XXXIII PAX ET PRINCEPS PageBook=&

rtuis non nisi larvas luctari. ’ 4 Seneca, Suas. 1, 7. 5 Tacitus, Ann . 11, 7: ‘Asinium et Messallam, inter Antonium et

n was an orator, mentioned along with Messalla and Pollio by Tacitus, Ann . 11, 6 f.). 7 Pollio, ‘nervosae vivacitatis hau

ant the victory of the non-political classes. NotesPage=>513 1 Ann . 1, 3. 2 Lucretius 2, II ff. 3 Ib. 5, 1145 ff

gt;513 1 Ann. 1, 3. 2 Lucretius 2, II ff. 3 Ib. 5, 1145 ff. 4 Ann . 3, 28. 5 Gibbon, Decline and Fall, c. VII, ini

minatio’, not ‘principatus’. NotesPage=>516 1 Dial. 41, 4. 2 Ann . 4, 33. 3 De clem. 1, 4, 3: ‘principes regesque

gratior exstat quam sub rege pio. 6 NotesPage=>518 1 Tacitus, Ann . 4, 20: ‘unde dubitare cogor fato et sorte nascen

riculis vacuum. ’ 2 On the virtues of Memmius (cos, suff. A.D. 31), Ann . 14, 47; for Volusius (cos. suff. A.D. 3), Ann. 1

(cos, suff. A.D. 31), Ann. 14, 47; for Volusius (cos. suff. A.D. 3), Ann . 13, 30. 3 Tacitus, Agr. 42, 5: ‘sciant, quibus

ullum rei publicae usum, ambitiosa morte inclaruerunt. ’ 4 Tacitus, Ann . 15, 31. 5 Hist. 4, 69, 18 M (not invalidated b

ceronem 4, 7. 6 Quoted by Cicero, De re publica 1, 64. 7 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 2: ‘munia senatus magistratuum legum in se tr

ssor more delicate and more arduous. NotesPage=>521 1 Tacitus, Ann . 1, 9. 2 Suetonius, Divus Aug. 28, 2. PageBoo

en I–II2. Berlin, 1864. MOTZO, B. R. ‘Caesariana et Augusta’, Ann . della facoltà di filosofia e lettere della real