constantly endeavoured to suggest a comparison between true and false religions , and to make children feel and be grateful that “

revealed truth. By bringing fictions into contact with the facts, of religion , I hope I shall in no case impair the sentiment o

that Christian piety will lose nothing by the assumption that natural religion was an elementary principle of human feelings and

d himself in a particular manner. The fables connected with the false religions of antiquity are still carefully preserved. They

eople, that means, they were chosen by God to be instructed in a true religion , and to teach it to the rest of mankind. The othe

ter the patriarchs, who at different times instructed mankind in true religion ? Did the patriarchs and prophets teach one doctri

To what nation did God particularly communicate himself? What was the religion of the rest of mankind? Were those that believed

by colonies of Phœnicians and Egyptians, and it is probable that the religion of the Greeks was a mixture of Phœnician and Egyp

ets have celebrated pagan deities? Whence did the Greeks derive their religion ? How are the heathen gods classed? Who are the ch

ns are considered as the original inventors of the arts, science, and religion of Greece; though the arts and sciences flourishi

. The worship of Ceres was universal among those who received the religion of Greece. The most solemn ceremonial of that rel

o received the religion of Greece. The most solemn ceremonial of that religion was the festival of Ceres, celebrated at Eleusis,

phantoms of Paganism faded before the light of Christianity, and the religion of Paul has been diffused all over the world, whi

etter than the old ones, to be erected: and he showed much respect to religion : extended his dominions to the territory of Megar

philosophy was founded by Thales? What were the opinions of Thales in religion and morals ? Who was Solon, and what were the ins

nd who was his daughter? Was Periander of Corinth a virtuous man? Religion of the Hindus. A part of the people of Hindus

f the Hindus. A part of the people of Hindustan have received the religion of Mohammed, but another portion of the inhabitan

, and many six; grasping sceptres and shields; symbols of justice and religion ; or war-weapons. Amongst them are conspicuous, th

viour himself spent his days on earth, that a universal corruption of religion should exist, — that Mohammedanism or Paganism sh

ng the natives. The Mohammedans compelled the people to embrace their religion , and instantly killed those who refused it; and t

and instantly killed those who refused it; and the subjects of other religions , being unable for the most part to read at all, a

est services that can be imposed. It is easy to see why the Christian religion , which declares all men equal, should not be intr

ous bodies. The Sanscrit, or sacred language, in which their books of religion are written, has long ceased to be a spoken tongu

ia, and were inhabited by people called the Scandinavian nations. The religion of the Scandinavians is contained in two ancient

with arms in their hands. What was Scandinavia? In what books is the religion of Scandinavia described? What is contained in th

h a worship which permitted human sacrifices: besides the loss of one religion made the Britons feel the want of another; and, i

cond century, perhaps, the Roman soldiers first brought the Christian religion into Britain, where it was cordially received, an

ples and sacrifices? Who abolished the Druidical priesthood, and what religion succeeded it? What was the Hell of the Druids? Wh

ites of animal worship form a striking and distinctive feature in the religion of the ancient Egyptians. Those who visited Egypt

nt — a fitter inhabitant for a cavern or a bog than for a temple. The religion of ancient Egypt is wrapt in obscurity. It bears

nuine history or to poetry, and is of little use to investigate. This religion appears to have been strangely compounded of degr

ced upon his lip, to denote silence. What rites were peculiar to the religion of ancient Egypt? What objects were exhibited in

Anubis; Serapis; Harpocrates? Persian Mythology. The ancient religion of Iran or Persia, according to the most authenti

magnificent festivals and processions instituted to their honour. The religion of Persia became corrupted, and it was reformed b

regulations for worship. This book is the Zend-Avesta. This reformed religion of Persia continued in force till that country wa

be no more. Glover’sLeonidas. What is the character of the ancient religion of Persia? What among the Persians was the symbol

ians worship other objects besides the Sun and Moon? Who reformed the religion in Persia? Did the Persians believe in more than

y? How has an English poet described the worship of the Persians? Religion of the Mexicans. Religion is a sentiment whic

cribed the worship of the Persians? Religion of the Mexicans. Religion is a sentiment which is cherished in the bosom of

embled the history related in the Bible, and many others in which the religion of the Asiatics and North American savages resemb

only a few of the analogies which may be found between true and false religions . The Romans celebrate the reign of Saturn, and

ies resemble one another. Are there any people on earth without some religion ? People of what character are the most religious?

t men first practise? What are the first religious services? Does the religion of ancient Greece resemble that of other nations?

Rome? ——— The Mexicans had no writings, but they represented their religion , as well as their history, by hieroglyphic painti

pire. Mexican Priests. See plate, page 229. All the offices of religion were divided among the Mexican priesthood. Some w

fice? Has the Spanish conquest of Mexico produced happy results? Religion of the Peruvians. The Peruvians are said to h

services of the Sun, and these were called the Virgins of the Sun. Religion of Greece. According to the Greek poet Pindar

l? What at this time was the public opinion in respect to the ancient religion ? How did the Athenians regard the images of their

were the first images of idolatry? ——— Priests are the ministers of religion in all countries and ages of the world. It is the

irtue, as well as to perform the ceremonies of religious worship. Our religion teaches us to “add to our virtue, knowledge;” and

hood? Who assisted the Athenian priests in their solemn services? Religion of the Romans. Etruria was the country of Ita

igration of the Phœnicians into Greece; and if that be true, the same religion would naturally be cherished in both countries. E

und an Arcadian people in Italy, and they too had carried thither the religion , which supposes that the primitive God of the Gre

of the Greeks, Saturn, took refuge in the Ausonian land, (Italy.) The religion of the Romans appears to have been that of Greece

Luci, or groups of trees, consecrated to some god. How happened the religion of Italy to be the same as that of the Greeks? In

taly to be the same as that of the Greeks? In what respects might the religion of Greece and Rome differ; and what were the chie

was almost as much venerated as the modern Pope of Rome. So much was religion honoured in the person of priests, that it was sa

of temples may be found, and all serve to show that the sentiment of religion , however perverted, is expressed everywhere, by t

in the knowledge of the gospel, when we read of the false and foolish religions of antiquity; of those nations who worshipped the

whom, we have reason to thank God always that he has given us a true religion , while it has pleased him to leave millions of ma

urs of Hercules. They introduced these facts into the fables of their religion . The worship which God appointed for his people t

cles and diviners, whose lies were only delusions. The heathens had a religion which lasted for a few centuries, and then gave p

uries, and then gave place to another and a better; the Hebrews had a religion which was the first lesson of eternal truth, and

vileges and advantages? Who was the person appointed to preserve true religion in the world? At what period of the world did God

on? What was the condition of the most polished nations in respect to religion , for fifteen centuries before Christ? Were the Ph

l resemble those of polytheism? Jewish Priests. The Hebrew religion , like the Pagan, had its holy persons, holy times

he temple and the sacred vessels, and to attend in public services of religion . What resemblances may be found between Paganism

utward purity, that “clean heart” which is proper to the ministers of religion . The Altar of Burnt-Offering and the Laver stood

il, and the first-born of their cattle. The holy actions of different religions are different, but the sentiments are the same, e

the feast of Tabernacles? Are the actions and sentiments of different religions alike? 1. Dr. Clarke. 2. These domes were

Malheureusement il était lui-même dans l’erreur ; il n’apporta que sa religion et ses faux dieux. Nous avons déjà parlé dans cet

tiennes et phéniciennes vinrent changer les mœurs, les coutumes et la religion de ce pays. Les descendans d’Iavan et ceux des Pé

dent, apportant avec eux leurs arts, leurs coutumes, leurs lois, leur religion . L’idolâtrie la plus grossière régnait alors dans

s se soumirent au vainqueur, et reçurent ses lois, ses coutumes et sa religion , qu’ils préférèrent bientôt aux usages barbares d

Phénicie et à l’Égypte que la Grèce devait ses lois, ses coutumes, sa religion , les arts et les sciences. Arrivée de Pélops d

eux Isthmiques en l’honneur de Neptune ; il donna tous ses soins à la religion  ; il sentit qu’elle seule pouvait opposer un frei

Apollon. Musée était son fils. L’application d’Orphée aux matières de religion , ses divers voyages pour s’y perfectionner, lui o

r et tout-puissant. Œagre, son père, lui donna les premières idées de religion , en l’instruisant des mystères de Bacchus, tels q

t ceux de Cérès à Sparte. Il fit des changemens si avantageux dans la religion des Grecs, qu’on doit le regarder comme le plus g

s hymnes n’avaient point l’élégance des vers d’ Homère : cependant la religion les avait adoptées, et n’avait point fait cet hon

céens, par Pyrrhus, par Néron, et enfin par les chrétiens. Lorsque la religion chrétienne eut triomphé de l’idolâtrie, les oracl

mains s’ils n’abandonnent point le culte des idoles pour embrasser la religion chrétienne. Tout se réunit pour démontrer que cet

eux. Les jeux furent presque toujours institués par des motifs de religion  : ils étaient en même temps une sorte de spectacl

peuple devint le nom général des Grecs. Recherches sur l’ancienne religion des habitans du Nord. Avant-propos. L’am

nt instruire et faire connaître les coutumes, les mœurs et l’ancienne religion des habitans du Nord. Après avoir réuni tout ce q

xtrait des divers articles de son ouvrage, qui traitent de l’ancienne religion des habitans du Nord. Nous espérons que cet homma

de grands changemens dans le gouvernement, dans les usages et dans la religion , qu’il y a joui d’une grande autorité, et qu’on l

n’avaient point encore satisfait son ambition. Le désir d’étendre sa religion , sa gloire et son autorité, lui fit entreprendre

candinaves. Peut-être, en effet, lui, ses pères, ou les auteurs de sa religion , sont-ils venus de quelque contrée de la Scythie

diges à tout ce dont on était étonné. Idée générale de l’ancienne religion des peuples du Nord. Les auteurs grecs et lat

ut espérer de parvenir à distinguer les objets les plus importans. La religion des Scythes paraît avoir été simple dans les prem

gnait qu’un petit nombre de dogmes, qui ont été probablement la seule religion des premiers habitans de l’Europe. On remarque gé

s et les autres cruelles. Il faudra donc distinguer deux âges dans la religion de ces peuples, et ne point confondre les fiction

e les fictions de leurs poëtes avec la croyance de leurs sages. Cette religion des sages enseignait qu’il y avait un dieu suprêm

stes, religieux et vaillans. Tels sont les principaux traits de cette religion , qui fut probablement pendant plusieurs siècles c

l est donc probable que ce fut au temps de l’arrivée d’Odin que cette religion perdit sa première pureté ; il paraît que ce conq

redoutable, n’eut d’autre but que d’assurer sa domination. De la religion des peuples du nord, depuis Odin. L’Edda des

uls monumens qui peuvent nous donner quelques lumières sur l’ancienne religion des habitans du Nord. C’est en puisant dans ces s

devait adorer. Les Scythes adoptaient, comme le point capital de leur religion , l’adoration d’un seul être parfait, tout puissan

s effets de l’exemple et du temps détruisirent la simplicité de cette religion , et les Scandinaves finirent par associer au dieu

le, et l’on n’ignore pas que les mêmes causes ont corrompu toutes les religions imaginées par les hommes. Ces peuples dégénérés c

r les vents, les saisons et la foudre. Dans le système primitif de la religion du Nord, Thor n’était vraisemblablement qu’une di

efois ingénieuses, qu’ils cherchaient à relever la simplicité de leur religion  ; mais un grand nombre de passages des anciens hi

ts des principaux dieux, nous exposerons quelques autres dogmes de la religion celtique. Nous les prendrons dans l’Edda, et dans

osée par les dieux dans l’ordre où nous l’admirons aujourd’hui. Nulle religion n’a plus accordé que celle des Celtes à la Provid

geait les jours de celui que l’on voulait sauver. Les préceptes de la religion celte se bornaient à se montrer intrépide à la gu

voit que les Scandinaves établissaient comme un dogme consacré par la religion , l’immortalité de l’âme et la punition ou la réco

nous ne connaîtrions que très-imparfaitement ce point important de la religion de nos pères. Remarquons encore que cette mytholo

ils portaient la valeur jusqu’à l’excès du fanatisme. Suite de la religion des peuples du Nord, et particulièrement de leur

igion des peuples du Nord, et particulièrement de leur culte. La religion celtique enseignait généralement que c’était offe

formèrent de nouvelles liaisons avec les autres peuples du Nord, leur religion s’altéra par degré, peu à peu les temples s’élevè

res supérieures à celles de leur raison. Recherches sur l’ancienne religion des premiers habitans de la Grande-Bretagne.

dans cet ordre. Le nombre des prêtres diminua, et les préceptes de la religion furent bientôt altérés et presque oubliés dans le

hefs des tribus, pour affermir leur pouvoir, pour rendre hommage à la religion , et pour avoir des chantres de leurs exploits, ra

e de la poésie chez tous les peuples, et cet art faisait partie de la religion des druides. L’usage constant chez toutes les nat

traditions et toutes les coutumes prouvent jusqu’à l’évidence que la religion des druides était la seule qui fût généralement a

César et Tacite se contredisent ; le premier, en disant que la religion des druides avait pris naissance en Angleterre ;

ut croire que les Gaulois, en passant en Angleterre, y portèrent leur religion , mais que ces insulaires, plus réfléchis et moins

le croyance. Les hommes, en se séparant, ont altéré la pureté de leur religion primitive. Les uns, venus parterre du côté du Nor

tre les mages et les druides, et prouve que les Gaulois tenaient leur religion des Perses, ou du moins des peuples qui les avois

importance. Ils étaient les uns et les autres seuls ministres de leur religion . Les mages rejetaient l’opinion qui donne aux die

s à cet élément. Ces ressemblances suffisent pour faire croire que la religion des mages et celle des druides avaient la même or

vent avoir été causées par les guerres, l’éloignement et le temps. La religion des Gaulois paraît avoir été toujours plus pure q

druides de la Grande-Bretagne continuèrent l’exercice de leur antique religion , au milieu des forêts dont les ombres majestueuse

ont pour temple qu’une forêt, où ils s’acquittent des devoirs de leur religion . Personne ne peut entrer dans ce bois s’il ne por

te des temps, les druides réservèrent à eux seuls les fonctions de la religion , et les ministres subalternes n’exercèrent plus a

nt comme les hommes les plus sages et les plus éclairés en matière de religion . On avait une si grande idée de leur savoir, que

iquer avec lui. Les druides étaient chargés de tous les détails de la religion , ce qui leur donnait un pouvoir sans bornes ; sac

oire le nombre prodigieux des vers qui contenaient les maximes sur la religion et sur le gouvernement politique. Les femmes gaul

toujours le six de la lune qu’ils faisaient leurs principaux actes de religion . Au jour destiné pour la cérémonie de cueillir le

étaient consultées dans les affaires politiques et dans celles de la religion  ; il y avait même dans les Gaules des temples éle

druidesses seules ordonnaient et réglaient tout ce qui concernait la religion , et dont l’entrée était interdite aux hommes. Le

e Emanation and Transmigration of Souls? Among the various systems of religion or philosophy, which have prevailed in the orient

ear to be streams, wandering more or less widely from the patriarchal religion , yet the existence of two principal sects, venera

and in Tibet, where resides the Grand Lama, the Chief Priest of that religion , who is supposed to be immortal, by the transmigr

sian, Babylonian, Celtic, and Grecian, and in many of the more modern religions of tribes, not blessed with the glorious light of

, and many six; grasping sceptres and shields; symbols of justice and religion ; or warlike weapons. Amongst them, are conspicuou

ous bodies. The Sanscrit, or sacred language, in which their books of religion are written, has long ceased to be a spoken tongu

s understood only by the priest’s and the learned. Does not the Hindû religion abound in gross superstitions? The Hindûs pay rel

ystem of symbolical representations, appears to have been the popular religion of the most civilized nations of antiquity. But t

imal was supposed to have a certain mysterious sympathy. Such was the religion of the vulgar; but the learned had better knowled

in, different Stars.  Who were the principal Deities of the Egyptian religion ? Osīris, Isis, Horus, Typhon, Serāpis, Anūbis, Ha

mes, surnamed Trismegistus, arose. He was the restorer of the ancient religion , and of the laws and sciences of the preceding Me

rs, and many other symbolical characters; concealing the mysteries of religion under hieroglyphics and allegories, whence arose

e the principal characteristics of the Persian Mythology? The Persian religion appears to have been founded chiefly upon the doc

he denomination assigned to the malevolent principle. The uncorrupted religion of the ancient Persians was greatly superior to a

he other Oriental systems, in sublimity, in its near approach to true religion , and in its moral tendency. It is represented by

between them and the Deity. Animal sacrifices were abolished by that religion ; and simple vegetable, or other offerings, indica

nly immediate and sensible objects of worship to the votaries of this religion . Heroes also received their veneration, not as fi

and were justly held in high estimation. But this comparatively pure religion did not remain a long time uncorrupted; it soon d

instruction from the Brahmins. What was the Mythology of the Persian religion , as reformed by Zoroaster ; and what was the name

sequies of departed ancestors, and his own funeral pile. The reformed religion of Persia continued in force till that country wa

tic Mythology. What was the nature of the Scythian Mythology? The religion of the ancient Scythians, or Cuthites, is suppose

conducting their respective rites. What was the Celtic Mythology? The religion of the ancient Germans, Gauls, and Britons, and o

rshiped with the most abominable and cruel rites. The priests of this religion were called Druids, and they had the entire direc

ndinavians are supposed to be descended from the Scythians, and their religion to be a corruption of that of those people. The r

s, and their religion to be a corruption of that of those people. The religion of the ancient Scythians was extremely simple. In

th numberless joys, who fulfilled the three fundamental maxims of the religion , to serve the Supreme Divinity with sacrifice and

the Supreme as the God of battle. Of what nature was the Scandinavian religion ? The Scandinavian mythology was of a gloomy, sang

e fierce heroes of the north delighted in battle and slaughter, their religion partook of that character. Human victims were fre

What was the nature of the Arabian Mythology? The primitive Arabian religion admitted the existence of one Supreme God, the Ma

ect disciples, than to shake the common faith, and disturb the public religion . Hence, even in those polished nations, amongst w

mongst whom the arts and sciences flourished with progressive vigour, religion and morality remained stationary, wretchedly deba

ource? What is the grand Lama? Give some account of him. What heathen religions authorized human sacrifices? What ancient people

uperstition? How long do the learned followers of Buddha expect their religion to prevail; and what event do they imagine will p

ey represented? Are human sacrifices still allowed by the Brahminical religion ? What kind of edifices were the ancient Hindû tem

a personification? What is the name of the sacred book of the Persian religion ? Who was Arimanius? What is the Persian tradition

he world by the Scandinavian Mythology? What did the ancient Scythian religion teach in its primeval purity? By what people, and

s primeval purity? By what people, and in what respects, was the mild religion of the Scythians corrupted? At what period did th

ise, and what were its nature and its sacrifices? What was the Celtic religion ? In what countries did the Celtic Mythology preva

was the Supreme Being designated? Who were the priests of the Celtic religion , what was the nature of their rites, and in what

zzah, and the Manah of the Arabians? What was the first corruption of religion among the Arabians? What was the Caaba, and what

and Peruvians? Who was Viracocha? What is the difference between the religion of the Peruvians and that of the Mexicans? What w

e primitive times of society, generated Mythology. Polytheism was the religion of the ancients. They acknowledged a plurality of

bulous history from the Bible. The Egyptians were acquainted with the religion of the Jews, and their priests appear to have dec

he Grecians and Romans, having adopted this fabulous history as their religion , found, by experience, that it was admirably calc

en divinities serve the Greeks, and after them, the Romans, for their religion ? As you have informed me that their system of myt

hat their system of mythology was introduced in the absence of a true religion , assign your reason for that opinion? Did the Rom

make a full conviction in children of the obligations of morality and religion . Angerona was worshipped, that anguish of mind m

who lived a little after Moses. He was the author of ancient books on religion , which the Egyptians carefully preserved. Obs. 2

d him to warn men to observe the rules of justice and the precepts of religion . ————— A massy stone, Ready to drop, hangs o’er

tue at the entrance of their temples, to denote that the mysteries of religion must not be revealed to the vulgar. The first-fru

second Hermes, surnamed Trismegistus, arose. He restored the ancient religion and the laws of the first Hermes, already noticed

the second Hermes. Chapter XII. Persian Mythology. The Persian religion was purer and more rational than that of some oth

zed in a plain and simple manner. But these tenets of their primitive religion sunk into Sabism, or the adoration of the heavenl

s. The complicated system of polytheism, that constituted the popular religion in other countries, was rejected. The Persians ga

s, established Islamism, or Mahometanism, which is now the prevailing religion , though numbers still preserve their ancient fait

by the sacred shell, elliptical rings, and maces, or battle-axes. The religion of the Hindoos is full of superstition. They wors

now of the Avatars? How are the Avatars represented? In what does the religion of the Hindoos abound? Chapter XIV. Other Myth

gy. To supply the want of writing, the Mexicans represented their religion and history by hieroglyphical paintings. The Mexi

d their religion and history by hieroglyphical paintings. The Mexican religion was, in many respects, purer than the Roman, but

cumstances occurred to threaten their faith, or to disturb the public religion . It is, however, by taking the word of God for ou

y Pyrrhus, by Nero, and at last by the Christians. When the Christian religion had triumphed over idolatry, the oracles fell; an

f they do not abandon the worship of idols, and embrace the Christian religion . This third collection bore evident marks of its

at he performed great changes in government, in manners, customs, and religion ; that he exercised great authority; and that he r

uests had not yet satisfied his ambition. The desire of spreading his religion , his glory, and authority, made him undertake the

vians. It is also probable that he, his father, or the author of this religion , whoever he was, came from Scythia, or the confin

, we hope to succeed in distinguishing the most important points. The religion of the Scythians appears to have been simple in e

. It inculcated but few tenets, and was, in all probability, the only religion of the European aboriginals. It is generally rema

s cruel. It becomes proper, therefore, to distinguish two ages in the religion of this people, and not confound the fictions of

nfound the fictions of the poets with the creeds of their sages. This religion of the sages taught, that there was a Supreme God

nd the valiant. Such are a few of the leading characteristics of that religion which, for several centuries, was adopted and pra

refore, conclude, that it was at the time of Odin’s arrival that this religion began to lose its primitive purity; as it is obvi

ity, had no other end than to secure dominion. Chapter III. Of the religion of Northern Europe, since Odin. The Edda of t

ies are the sole monuments which can give us any light on the ancient religion of the inhabitants of the north. From these sourc

o be worshipped. The Scythians adopted, as the capital point of their religion , the adoration of one being, omnipotent and super

example and of the times ultimately destroyed the simplicity of this religion ; and the Scythians at last associated with the su

nge; and we are aware that the same causes have tended to corrupt all religions contrived by men. As those degenerate people bega

ed to winds, seasons and thunderbolts. In the primitive system of the religion of the North, Thor was probably a subaltern divin

mes ingenious, that they endeavoured to extol the simplicity of their religion ; but various passages in ancient history, show th

ds, we will now proceed to set forth some of the tenets of the Celtic religion : and, first, we will notice those in the Edda, an

disposed by the gods in the order which we now admire it. No heathen religion has granted more than that of the Celts to divine

e days of him whom that victim would save. The precepts of the Celtic religion were chiefly confined to their being intrepid in

ns, we see by them that the Scandinavians held as a doctrine of their religion , the immortality of the soul, and future rewards

ythology, which we have referred to, we should know but little of the religion of our forefathers. The Iceland mythology express

heir venom’d spray.” Herbert’s Helga. Chapter V: Progress of the Religion of the People of the North. The Celtic religi

: Progress of the Religion of the People of the North. The Celtic religion generally taught that it was offending the gods t

he people of the North formed new alliances with other nations, their religion underwent alterations; step by step new temples w

h; and if the protection of laws and the enlightening aid of science, religion , and the arts, do not soften his passions, and en

to those of their reason. Chapter VI. Researches into the ancient religion of the primitive inhabitants of Great Britain.

er. The number of priests accordingly diminished; and the precepts of religion were soon altered and almost forgotten in the tum

the meantime, in order to strengthen their power, to render homage to religion , and to have chanters of their exploits, the king

g all nations; an art which constituted a considerable portion of the religion of the Druids. The practice among all nations, of

their traditions, and all their customs, sufficiently prove that the religion of the Druids, was the only one that was generall

ar and Tacitus contradict each other; the former, by saying that the religion of the Druids had its birth in England; the latte

upposed that the Gauls in passing into England, carried thither their religion ; but that those islanders, being more reflecting,

one creed. In separating from each other, men changed their primitive religion , and lost its purity. Some, coming by land from t

the Magi and the Druids, and shows that the Gauls might have held the religion of the Persians, or, at least, of the people who

rs of great importance. They were equally the sole ministers of their religion . The Magi rejected the opinion which gives to the

These resemblances are sufficient to make it appear evident that the religion of the Magi and that of the Druids had the same o

them might have been easily caused by wars, separation, and time. The religion of the Gauls appears to have always been purer th

re, whilst the British Druids continued the exercise of their antique religion , amidst the forests, the majestic shades of which

r their temple but a forest, where they discharge the duties of their religion . No one can enter into that wood, unless he bears

ure. In time, the Druids reserved for themselves alone the offices of religion , and the subaltern ministers exercised no other f

cribe them as men among the wisest and most enlightened in matters of religion . So high an idea was entertained of their learnin

ate with him. As the Druids were charged with all the high offices of religion , their power was unbounded. Sacrifices, offerings

emory the prodigious number of verses which contained their maxims on religion and political economy. Anciently, Gallic women co

which the Druidesses alone ordained and regulated all that related to religion , and whose entrance was interdicted to the men. T

st of these assertions, applies only to the corruption of the heathen religion during the decline and fall of the Roman empire;

arly that of the Greeks. “In the first place, the genuine key to this religion is the philosophy of Pythagoras and Plato ‌,2 whi

eeks, they adopted, also, their divinities and their entire system of religion . They shared a tradition, which seems to have bee

igured by the arrows and lances of the Arabs, who are taught by their religion to hold all images of men or animals in detestati

ma, there is no doubt that it was intended to inculcate principles of religion and morality. The theatrical entertainments of th

o — Magic and Astrology — Parsees of Hindostan. Ques. What was the religion of the ancient Persians? Ans. We derive our know

igion of the ancient Persians? Ans. We derive our knowledge of their religion principally from their Zend-avesta, or Sacred Boo

? Ans. Generally on the tops of lofty mountains. Ques. When was the religion of Zoroaster suppressed in Persia? Ans. After th

Java. In Japan, Buddhism has, to a great extent, supplanted the Sinto religion , the ancient faith of Japan. The word Sinto signi

. The worship of the sun is the most important exterior part of their religion , and the Japanese were so much attached to this f

heir own rites. Chapter V. China. China — Absence of any State Religion in China — Doctrine of the Lettered — Confucius —

ies occasioned among Christian Missionaries — Lao-tze, founder of the Religion of Tao or Reason — His Writings — Chinese Buddhis

of Buddha at Pou-tou — General Feeling of the Chinese with regard to Religion . Ques. Is Buddhism universally followed in Chi

wed in China? Ans. There is, strictly speaking, no state or national religion in China, but all forms of worship are tolerated,

idered politically dangerous. Among the pagan Chinese three principal religions are admitted, which are now considered equally go

Lettered;” the second is regarded by its professors as the primitive religion of the ancient inhabitants of China. The priests

considered primordial reason as the creator of all things. The third religion is Buddhism, which, as we have seen, was introduc

owers of Confucius, seem to have lost even the last traces of natural religion . Ques. Why then do they persevere in his worship

s, as well as to the souls of their ancestors, constitute an external religion for official persons and literary men. There seem

ions, and in the transmigration of souls. This doctrine is called the religion of Tao, or Reason. The priests are now only cheat

nese Buddhists belong principally to the lower classes. Formerly this religion was in higher repute, but the magnificent temples

gers to each other, meet, a polite formula is to ask “To what sublime religion do you belong?” Then one will call himself a Budd

politeness requires that each one should speak slightingly of his own religion , and praise the sect to which he does not belong.

orus a proverbial phrase to the effect that all men are brothers, and religions are of no consequence. Ques. If such total indif

Ques. If such total indifference prevails in China, on the subject of religion , how does it happen that Christianity should be s

— Mode of discovering his Successor. Ques. What is the prevailing religion of Thibet? Ans. Buddhism prevails in Thibet and

takes with them, as with the Hindoos, the form of metempsychosis. The religion of the Druids was farther characterized by the us

where they were supposed to study the deeper mysteries of nature and religion , and to consult more directly the secret will of

we find their priests inculcating the most sublime truths of natural religion , and the purest maxims of morality, while on the

ty. Ques. How has this been explained? Ans. It is supposed that the religion of the Aztecs was derived from two distinct sourc

ghtened race; they retained many of the highest principles of natural religion , united, probably, with truths derived from primi

derived from primitive tradition. The Aztecs seem to have adopted the religion of their more civilized predecessors without aban

e striking contrasts which we find in everything connected with their religion . — Some festivals were of a light and joyous char

t Spirit did not originate with the Peruvians. Their entire system of religion was directed to the adoration of the heavenly bod

f. Mythology may therefore be regarded as the depository of the early religion of the people. It also stands at the head of thei

or injury to him, seems congenial to the human mind. It is always the religion of unenlightened tribes, and even in lettered and

mythologya higher rank ; regarding it as the theology of polytheistic religions , and seeking to reduce it to harmony with the ori

e the intellectual powers, and to produce an indifference toward true religion . In fact, if the theory of these men be true, the

he sake of uniformity we so denominate the account of its deities and religion given in the present work. The Persian cycle, whi

ning priesthood of Egypt, and to believe that they had received their religion from that country ; and it is but too well known

and the impostures of artful pundits, in their efforts to connect the religions of Greece and India. 2. In like manner the mythes

le that these ancient priests, if such there were, may have had their religion arranged systematically, and have represented the

s that any one spot can be regarded as the birth-place of the Grecian religion and mythology ; they were, like the language and

ce, the priests who directed them used, for the credit of the popular religion whose reputation they were solicitous to maintain

er but no one ever found, was evidently to give a blow to the popular religion , and even to make it ridiculous ; for though he s

was vehemently attacked by all who retained a veneration for the old religion , and the writer himself was stigmatised as an ath

t to advantage in their conflicts withe the supporters of the ancient religion . While Euhemerus thus fixed on an imaginary islan

its aid, in union with Oriental mysticism, to show, that the ancient religion contained all that was required to satisfy the ut

weapons thus presented to them, to defend the new and attack the old religion . By the aid of the principles of Euhemerus they r

mythes and practices of Heathenism became incorporated with the pure religion of the Gospel, and Christianity also had soon a m

Church contribute to augment our knowledge of the mythic tales of the religion against which their literary artillery was direct

atuitous hypothesis. The absurd passion of Herodotus for deducing the religion of Greece from abroad is so notorious, that few,

ould not have noticed it, were it not that the fashion of tracing the religion and institutions of Greece to Egypt is not yet ex

considered as a proof of her being regarded as the earth ; for in the religion of the ancient Germans (which was akin to that of

presiding over the nuptial union. As the goddess of the earth in the religion of Argos, her name would seem to come very simply

e of Pythôn would seem to intimate, a conflict took place between the religion of Apollo, proceeding southwards from Pieria, or

ding southwards from Pieria, or westwards from Delos, and the ancient religion of the place, the worship of Gæa or Themis654, — 

riginal one, deduces it, according to his system of tracing the Greek religion from the East, from Jabal and Jubal, the first mu

the ancient Pelasgians. For as there appears reason to suppose their religion to have been of a very rural character, the view

t the probability is that the Achæans derived that principle of their religion from their Pelasgian forefathers. In such case th

r916. The worship of Demeter and the Kora was the national and secret religion of the Eleusinians, from which the Athenians were

ence of it. Hence occasion has been taken to assert, that a system of religion little inferior to pure Christianity was taught i

be an object of veneration. The Gotho-German race (whose language and religion bear so great an affinity to those of Greece) see

les are instances), seems to have been coeval with Grecian poetry and religion . It was not however by any means peculiar to Gree

e was known as that of Apollo, the god of the sun and light. The wild religion of Seeva, which had overcome the milder one of Vi

natal soil, followed it in its progress to the West, proceeded as the religion of Dionysos through Egypt and anterior Asia, ming

Greece, where, after a long struggle with the Apollo-system, the two religions finally coalesced, the Dionysiac casting away som

erodotus and the tragedians describe what we consider to be the mixed religion of Dionysos. The idea of mere mortals, or the off

ay have been (for we venture not to assert it) the original Dionysiac religion of Greece ; and when we recollect the very incide

of the Ægæan was in the earliest times a chief seat of the Dionysiac religion , where the worship of the god of wine was celebra

rent from the raving orgies and wild licentiousness of this Dionysiac religion , that it is quite evident the latter could not ha

during the Achæan period1098. There can be no doubt of the Dionysiac religion , with its nocturnal orgies and indecent extravaga

e theory boldly advanced by the Egyptian priesthood was, that all the religion of Greece had been imported into that country by

restricted notions are contrary to the genius of the ancient Grecian religion , in which each people assigned its peculiar deiti

course with Asia and Egypt, which had such an injurious effect on the religion of Greece, commenced. We know not how we can bett

y, a great change took place in civil affairs, but a still greater in religions , in pursuits, and inclinations ; and the whole of

al punishments threatened to the despisers of them. What ! is not the religion of the subterrane deities sanctioned by those Ath

rified, — of which laws Dracôn is said to have been the author ? This religion was also confirmed by Solôn ; who, in cases of ma

Grecian colonies. We cannot trace in Homer any difference between the religion of the Achæans and that of the Asiatics. In the c

respect to anything of thé kind between them and the Phrygians, whose religion we know to have been different1136. It does not h

en the Grecian colonies settled on the Hellespont, they found there a religion very different from their own ; the one being cal

; the one being calm and cheerful, the other wild and orgiastic. This religion was that of Κυβέλη. Κυβήβη. Rhea. Ops. Cybe

contrived to frame the system above noticed, of the derivation of the religion and civilization of Greece from the land of Nile.

ifices1170. Long before this time the Grecian and Egyptian systems of religion had begun to mingle and combine. The goatformed M

nd the brazen infernal ; answering to the good and evil angels of the religions of the East ; but that, as the Grecian religion a

d evil angels of the religions of the East ; but that, as the Grecian religion acknowledged no evil spirits, the poet found it n

so slight that it hardly needs an examination1508. Language, manners, religion , and monuments indicate that Greece and Italy, an

he one language which prevailed in ancient Greece as in modern Italy. Religion will always vary with modes of life, and there is

ually communicated to others1521. In short, it would appear, that the religion , manners, genius, and national character of the G

nto his native city. The women all gave enthusiastically into the new religion , and Mount Cithærôn rang to the frantic yells of

os, who on succeeding his father opposed himself like Pentheus to the religion of Dionysos, and underwent a similar fate. As his

e son of Chthonios. He also discovers that the Antiopids favoured the religion of Dionysos, to which the Cadmeians were so hosti

er Egypt to Attica, where he civilised the rude aborigines, gave them religion , marriage, and other social institutions, and tau

er of persons with significant names, lessons of wisdom, morality and religion were sensibly impressed on the minds of men. Sisy

of Greece more thoroughly Hellenic, none which had less similarity in religion or institutions with Egypt. Moreover the origin o

e example of ancient Greece shows, the great preserver of the popular religion in a society where it is of a complex and varied

the lively fancy and ready invention of the natives of Hellas. Their religion was, as far as we can discern, of a more serious

r to impress on its pages. The cause of this character of the Italian religion it is scarcely possible to assign ; even at the p

with contempt on the rude lays of their forefathers and their simpler religion  ; the homely old ballads of the Cossi and Cethegi

ministered by an hereditary race or caste of priestly nobility. Their religion was founded on peculiar views of the world and it

led Mania. The Lars, which form so conspicuous a portion of the Roman religion , it is probable belonged originally to the Etrusc

agreement of their religious systems, and the facility with which the religion and mythology of Greece were adopted at Rome. It

riculture were the chief employments of these hardy tribes, and their religion was intimately connected with these arts ; and co

Latins. It has always been asserted that a great portion of the Roman religion was of Sabine origin. The Sabines adored Sancus a

phænomena of the sky. It is a very remarkable feature in the ancient religion of Italy, that though it admitted not of the birt

opulus and a Plebes 2263. Another peculiar feature of the old Italian religion , and which testifies for its purity, warmth and s

Ζϵὺς πατὴρ of the Greeks. In the more ancient monuments of the Roman religion Jovis or Jupiter does not occur unaccompanied by

and Juno, to the right of that of the former deity, for in the Roman religion she seems to have ranked before Juno. On the side

her worship to have been unborrowed by the Romans, and a part of the religion of the ancient Pelasgic population of Latium2303,

a proof of the identification of the Roman deity with those of other religions , for that Venus was the Phœnician Astarte. The se

obeck terms these writers synchytic mythologists, «who think that the religions of all nations, old and new, ere the same from th

from India. We ask the advocates of the Indian origin of the Bacchic religion for their proofs, and get nothing in reply but co

ich Dionysius (Antiq. Rom. i. 18, 19.) bestows on this account on the religion of the Romans, which we may observe had no deity

the Erôs of the Grecks. In our observations above we include all the religions of Italy ; and we allude to the Hellenic, not the

L. L. iv. p. 14. (Bip.) 2258. Serv. Æn. x. 199. 2259. On the Tuscan religion and deities see Müller's Etrusker, Buch iii. 226

ont elle satisfait les tendances idéales. Elle n’est pas seulement la religion des Grecs et des Romains, elle est la langue poét

-ce que les Français d’aujourd’hui n’ont plus rien à apprendre sur la religion des Grecs et des Romains ? — J’avoue qu’ils sont

s derniers siècles, où la plupart des gens instruits connaissaient la religion des païens mieux que la leur, et où on apprenait

épondit-il, que je n’étais ni fanatique ni cruel. J’aimais la vieille religion de Rome, comme Caton mon modèle, comme Marc-Aurèl

ient calquer ingénieusement leurs formes sur les nôtres. Quant à leur religion , quel triomphe pour moi ! C’était le pur polythéi

er naufrage de mon culte. Entrez, me dit-il, venez voir l’ombre d’une religion gardée par l’ombre d’un empereur. » III Il

ton grave et ému : « Vous avez vu, me dit-il, tout ce qui reste de la religion de mes ancêtres, moins que des ombres, des fantôm

aussi oubliés qu’il le pensait ; que la Mythologie était encore notre religion littéraire ; que, si les enfants n’apprenaient pa

plaignons les peuples enfants qui avaient besoin de ces lisières. La religion est devenue complètement étrangère à nos ablution

s remarquerons plus d’une fois, dans la suite de ces articles, que la religion païenne s’altère en vieillissant. On s’attache à

le passé, nous sommes forcés de convenir que notre siècle a perdu la religion du foyer. Car, outre l’expropriation forcée qui m

, le voyant inspiré qui nous a révélé les mystérieuses origines de la religion grecque. Dans un éloquent morceau consacré à l’él

vec elles. J’ai entendu un prédicateur, plus versé sans doute dans sa religion que dans celle des anciens, s’écrier avec émotion

e Mégère. On a oublié que ces trois horribles sœurs jouaient, dans la religion païenne, un rôle auguste et conservateur, qu’elle

it le livre en riant de la gloutonnerie du bon Saturne et de la sotte religion des Grecs. Quant à supposer que ce peuple si ingé

ne s’en avisait. Comme on en trouvait d’aussi ridicules dans d’autres religions , on jugeait plus sage de s’en gausser que de perd

e dans la politique, dans la médecine, dans la littérature et dans la religion  ; iront au concert comme à l’Académie, parce qu’i

e au sein de la nature, ou le sens symbolique attaché aux rites de la religion égyptienne ? C’est un secret que le sphinx du dés

.) SATURNE. — Consulter, pour l’interprétation de ce mythe, Creutzer ( Religions de l’Antiquité). Notre carnaval, selon les savant

des savantes recherches de M.  Mallet, historien du Danemark, sur la religion des anciens habitans du Nord. Ces deux supplémens

re de Béryte, qui vivait avant la guerre de Troie, avait écrit sur la religion des Phéniciens ; l’ouvrage de cet ancien auteur e

’il est dit qu’ils adoraient le soleil. On les voit déjà mêler à leur religion l’invention des arts utiles. Nous ne suivrons pas

preuves les plus terribles. Ces épreuves se nommaient initiations. La religion des peuples n’était qu’une idolâtrie grossière. F

mystères secrets sous leurs fables religieuses. Le sage de toutes ces religions en pénètre aisément le sens, mais le vulgaire n’e

oire. Ce mot dérive de theos, Dieu, et logos, discours. Depuis que la religion a dissipé les ténèbres de l’idolâtrie, on a senti

nglais très-savant, Thomas Hyde, qui connaissait mieux que Vossius la religion des anciens Perses, a pleinement justifié Zoroast

 ; mais ayant trouvé que le culte des astres et des planètes était la religion dominante, et ne voulant pas trop effaroucher les

piter ou d’Hercule. On peut même assurer que tous les peuples dont la religion nous a été connue ont adoré cet astre ; il n’en f

ie ne fut point un système raisonné ; rien n’était plus simple que la religion et les cérémonies des premiers idolâtres. Du temp

ieu, adopter avidement les fables, et les faire servir de base à leur religion , à leur morale, à leurs gouvernemens, il est indi

à vivre en société ; c’est d’eux qu’ils reçurent les cérémonies de la religion  ; le culte des dieux, les sacrifices ; et les Gre

; le culte des dieux, les sacrifices ; et les Grecs, en adoptant leur religion , s’approprièrent leurs fables. Le culte de Bacchu

faisait changer les noms, les aventures et jusqu’aux cérémonies de la religion . Voilà pourquoi leurs poëtes ont tellement défigu

la fois n’être point obscur et plaire, il ne sort point du système de religion que son pays adoptait. Il ne faut donc point le r

ude approfondie de l’histoire générale des dieux du paganisme. Jamais religion ne fut chargée d’un plus grand nombre de dieux qu

dans de Japhet. Mais en quel temps y arrivèrent-ils, et quelle fut la religion qu’ils y établirent ? Ce sont des questions impos

, que les premiers Grecs étaient très-grossiers, qu’ils vivaient sans religion . Ces premiers habitans ne connaissaient point le

s premiers habitans de la Grèce et des îles voisines n’avaient qu’une religion très-peu chargée de cérémonies. Hérodote est le

selon Pausanias, qui régla le culte des dieux et les cérémonies de la religion avec beaucoup de sagesse. Il fut le premier qui a

ge. On n’a rien d’aussi positif sur les changemens que firent dans la religion les autres chefs des colonies ; mais il n’est pas

de leurs dieux. En effet, des chefs de colonies ne changent point de religion parce qu’ils changent de pays ; et lorsqu’ils dev

l’Illyrie ; mais, s’étant enfin rendu maître du pays, il y établit sa religion . Il est facile de concevoir tous les changemens q

l’arrivée des colonies égyptiennes et phéniciennes dut causer dans la religion de la Grèce. Il faut observer en outre que les Gr

m, les habitans de ce pays sauvage vivaient sans lois et presque sans religion . Ce prince adoucit la férocité de leurs mœurs, le

Cythère, île voisine du continent de la Grèce. Leur commerce et leur religion furent adoptés par les habitans du pays, et l’amo

on amour pour les richesses, ne négligeait rien de ce qui tenait à la religion , aux bonnes lois et au bonheur de son royaume. Po

udes classiques, il est très-important que les jeunes gens sachent la religion de ces peuples, pour comprendre leurs poëtes et s

ne, et établit plusieurs fêtes religieuses, parce qu’il savait que la religion est le frein moral le plus puissant pour les nati

rit des sacrifices communs à Cérès pour faire de la divinité et de la religion le centre et le lien de la confédération. Cette p

trêve de Dieu au moyen âge. On ne peut dire tous les avantages que la religion et l’Etat en tiraient. Une disposition générale à

, persane, égyptienne, gauloise et scandinave. Chapitre I. De la religion des Indiens. 1. Les Indiens sont très-religieu

ent-elles pas des synchronismes remarquables ? Chapitre II. De la religion des Perses. 1. Les croyances primitives des Pe

cle. Leur puissance s’étendait sur tout ce qui était du ressort de la religion et de la science. Ils interprétaient les livres s

ions ? Comment comprenaient-ils l’autre vie ? Chapitre III. De la religion des Egyptiens. 1. On lisait sur un temple égyp

ne peut donc douter que l’unité de Dieu n’ait été le fondement de la religion égyptienne. Les prêtres savaient que l’Etre suprê

uels signes reconnaissait-on le dieu Apis ?   Chapitre  IV. De la religion des Gaulois. 1. « Les Gaulois, dit César, rec

’après ces paroles, conclure qu’il y avait identité parfaite entre la religion des Gaulois et celle des Romains. Ces deux peuple

e passait en réjouissances. » 8. Ce qu’il y avait d’affreux dans la religion des anciens Gaulois, c’était cette superstition s

encens de prédilection‌ 11 .» Questionnaire. 1. Quelle était la religion des Gaulois ? Quelle était la divinité qu’ils ado

t le plus solennel pour les sacrifices humains. Chapitre V. De la religion des Scandinaves. 1. L’ancienne religion des pe

ins. Chapitre V. De la religion des Scandinaves. 1. L’ancienne religion des peuples du Nord était simple et pure comme ce

ureux qui y sont renfermés. » Questionnaire. 1. Quelle était la religion primitive des peuples du Nord ? Comment ces croya

frère de Prométhée, 22. Epire, c. d’Europe, 148. Epreuves, dans la religion des Perses, 174. Equité, fille de Thémis, 89. E

ède, pr. troyen. 86, 87, 142. Gaulois, attaquent la Grèce, 75 ; leur religion , 182, 183. Géants, fils de la Terre, 24 ; explic

st plus propre à faire comprendre à la jeunesse la beauté de la vraie religion , que la connaissance de cet amas de fictions mens

dée de Dieu s’altéra dans les esprits, et la connaissance de la vraie religion semblait destinée à périr, si Abraham n’eût été c

mblage : L’être libre et pensant en fut aussi l’ouvrage. Poëme de la Religion . Le Chaos périt par la création, et la Nuit par

de15. Quintilien disait que « le Jupiter de Phidias avait ajouté à la religion des peuples ». Mais que devient cette peinture

isons, aux bois, aux fontaines, aux montagnes, etc. « Un principe de religion gravé généralement dans l’esprit de tous les peup

nses, des concerts : tout cela est bien misérable. C’est que la vraie religion peut seule nous faire concevoir et nous procurer

peuples se sont fait des maîtres ridicules. ( L. Racine, poëme de la Religion .) Questionnaire. 127. Quelles étaient les

es, qui formaient une tribu particulière, étaient les ministres de la religion et les dépositaires de toutes les connaissances.

initier à leurs mystères. Zoroastre fut l’auteur ou réformateur de la religion des Mages. On ne sait précisément ni le temps ni

taient si rigoureuses, que souvent ils y succombaient. On voit que la religion inventée par Zoroastre et les sages de la Perse n

du paganisme. Questionnaire. 152. Quel était le caractère de la religion des Perses comparée à celle des autres peuples de

re ? Dans quel siècle furent-elles abolies ? Que doit-on penser de la religion de Zoroastre et des mages de la Perse ? Chapi

ande, de la Suède et du Danemark, qui chantaient les mystères de leur religion , les aventures de leurs dieux les exploits des ro

ns avoir que des notions très-imparfaites sur les Gaulois et sur leur religion , ne les connaissant que par les Romains, leurs va

ympe est misérable, en comparaison des idées magnifiques que la vraie religion nous donne des délices toutes spirituelles de la

ême, s’explique par l’excès de sa misère ni par son désespoir, que sa religion autorise. C’est ici que brille, par contraste, la

ensemble des fables ou croyances erronées qui formaient la base de la religion des Grecs et des Romains, et de tous les autres p

la nature. L’imagination des poëtes enrichit encore le domaine de la religion . Les fleurs, en particulier, exercèrent leur géni

des autres par leur naissance et par leurs mœurs. Du destin. La religion nous apprend qu’un Dieu tout-puissant gouverne le

les par la voix de ceux de la forêt de Dodone. Jupiter était, dans la religion des Grecs et des Romains, le dieu suprême ; sa pu

it déposée ; de Brahman naquirent les hommes destinés à entretenir la religion sur la terre ; de son bras droit, Brahmâ fit sort

ition ? — Que savez-vous de Siva ? II. Croyances des Perses. Religion des anciens Perses. — Zervane-Akérène. — Ormuzd.

rère et le compagnon d’armes de tous les initiés. Les doctrines de la religion des Perses sont exposées dans le Zend-Avesta, liv

quête de l’Égypte par Alexandre, sous la domination des Ptolémées, la religion se modifia, et les hommages que l’on rendait à Os

atailles ; Bélénus, dieu de la lumière. Les druides, prêtres de cette religion , étaient les dépositaires d’une science mystérieu

mmortalité de l’âme était le principal et presque le seul dogme de la religion qu’ils enseignaient. Dans la classe des druides s

stre, la chute de nos premiers parents. 16. Guigniaut, Histoire des religions de l’antiquité. 17. Guigniaut, Histoire des rel

Histoire des religions de l’antiquité. 17. Guigniaut, Histoire des religions de l’antiquité. 18. Arbre indien, né du sang de

ux du Léthé ! Toutes ces idées sont profondément mélancoliques. Cette religion , cette croyance et le dogme reçu de la fatalité,

par Clitie, métamorphosa cette dernière en tournesol, etc. etc. Cette religion est sans doute la seule qui ait offert l’extravag

culière, qui faisoit partie du culte général. Que ne doit-on pas à la religion bienfaisante et pure, dont l’éclatante lumière a

orme n’existoit point alors. La morale ne peut avoir pour base que la religion  ; et la religion payenne admettoit et même comman

oint alors. La morale ne peut avoir pour base que la religion ; et la religion payenne admettoit et même commandoit mille doctri

pas les Dieux ; ils ne pouvoient rien écrire qui fut contraire à leur religion . Diagoras, qui fit gloire de l’athéisme, fut un i

le droit de s’en scandaliser. Elle ne portoit point d’atteinte à une religion qui consacroit toutes les erreurs. Telle est cett

quand on songe que ces Fables formèrent, pendant tant de siècles, la religion des Egyptiens, des Grecs et des Romains, il me se

oit en peu de temps détruire les autels et les temples des vides, une religion sans morale est bientôt oubliée quand on a renver

INTRODUCTION. Les fondateurs et les continuateurs de la plupart des religions anciennes ont été forcés, pour mieux obtenir une

infini, sont en effet des plus nombreuses ; mais c’est au mélange des religions grecque et romaine que nous sommes redevables de

Varron, à plus de trente mille chez les Romains. Viennent ensuite les religions égyptienne, hindoue, persane, scandinave, slave,

dée religieuse européenne de notre époque, nous n’avons parlé que des religions vulgairement appelées païennes, et nous avons res

es païennes, et nous avons respectueusement laissé de côté toutes les religions historiques, c’est-à-dire les religions s’appuyan

ent laissé de côté toutes les religions historiques, c’est-à-dire les religions s’appuyant sur des personnages reconnus généralem

t-à-fait absurdes par les sectaires les plus éclairés de ces diverses religions historiques, ne laissent pourtant pas d’être enco

pour nous le sujet de graves méditations ; en effet, sachant que les religions égyptienne et indienne doivent être regardées com

ienne et indienne doivent être regardées comme primordiales parmi les religions païennes, nous avons un instant voulu les faire p

en les fables grecques sont répandues, nous avons fini par adopter la religion gréco-romaine, sinon comme religion primordiale,

s, nous avons fini par adopter la religion gréco-romaine, sinon comme religion primordiale, ce qui eût été une erreur historique

primordiale, ce qui eût été une erreur historique, du moins comme la religion type, à laquelle nous ramènerons toutes les autre

ut autre peuple, la nation grecque fut propre à être le berceau d’une religion riche de personnages et d’événemens : le génie de

s, comment les Grecs n’auraient-ils pas laissé se fonder chez eux une religion qui s’harmonisait si bien avec leur nature et leu

e ne pas la connaître. formation des mondes. — Comme dans toutes les religions , la théogonie grecque reconnaissait une matière p

teurs ; mais par dessus tout prêtres surhumains, propagandistes de la religion de Jupiter, et voués au culte particulier de Rhée

recs et des Romains. C’est le plus puissant de tous les Dieux de leur religion  ; il résume à lui seul l’ensemble des autres divi

, signifie également Jupiter. Du reste, il paraît que dans toutes les religions le mot générique, Dieu, est exprimé par un nom dé

is, d’Isis et de leurs enfans, comme nous le verrons en parlant de la religion égyptienne. Mars seul ne voulut pas prendre part

ens de la Mythologie grecque, mais qu’il se rencontre dans toutes les religions vraies ou fausses. Jupiter fait donc entièrement

sant commettre des fautes ; c’est l’Eve des Hébreux, importée dans la religion des Grecs et des Romains. Jupiter ayant ainsi dim

n grossière, de lois fort incomplètes et du culte, car il institua la religion de Jupiter, qu’il entoura d’idées grossières et d

erstitieuses qui couraient consulter les autels des Dieux. Toutes les religions païennes ont eu leur genre de divination : les Ch

avoir été sinon le premier, du moins l’un des premiers berceaux de la religion asclépique fut la Phénicie. On reporte à 53 ans a

enfant de la Force unie à la Prudence, imbroglio né des mélanges des religions troyenne et crétoise avec celle des Samothraces.

cœur pur, le sang d’une vierge rachète tout un peuple. Ce dogme de la religion d’Athânâ se dessine ici pour la première fois dan

t alors Neptune et devint ainsi mère d’Eryx, prétendu fondateur de sa religion en Sicile. Bientôt passant à d’autres amours, ell

sa mère. Cependant comme dans les temps postérieurs à l’origine de la religion grecque, on reconnut plusieurs espèces d’amour, e

le si tard au grand jour. C'est une des mystifications obscures de la religion payenne des Grecs et des Romains. Quelques auteur

carnation de Diane elle-même ; car on voit souvent dans les anciennes religions , les dieux affecter les formes de quelque animal,

remier planteur de vigne que l’on retrouve partout et dans toutes les religions  ; aussi ne faut-il pas s’étonner que les auteurs

et le commandement des lois ; puis afin de donner plus de force à la religion , il institua plusieurs fêtes nouvelles, rétablit

s. Chez les Grecs et surtout chez les Romains, on introduisit dans la religion une foule de dieux et déesses subordonnés aux gra

s temps couvre de l’obscurité la plus profonde les premiers jours des religions de ces peuples. Si nous parcourons les dieux égyp

le de dieux dont plusieurs tenaient un rang important dans l’ancienne religion de ce pays, où était placée, on le sait, la Phéni

qu’elle offre un ensemble encore tout puissant. Le Brahmaïsme est une religion mixte, matérialiste dans ses formes, spiritualist

oins dans les contrées qui entourent cette partie de l’Asie, c’est la religion de Bouddha, que nous ferons connaître lorsque nou

e ce lien que naquit la race des Brachmanes, prêtres fondateurs de la religion de Brahmâ, lesquels, avant d’enseigner aux Hindou

ommençant l’explication du Brahmaïsme, nous avons dit que c’était une religion mixte, réunissant dans ses formes le matérialisme

it l’Ouponischat, ou récit théologique des Védas, est la plus antique religion patriarchale ; elle est tout-à-fait exclusivement

dre. Vichnou figure encore dans une foule d’aventures mythiques de la religion Vichnouite. Ainsi, on le voit, sous les traits du

is cultes pour former une Trimourti mâle, comme symbole central de la religion des Hindous. Nous ne ferons pas les rapprochemens

10° tu ne seras pas superstitieux, et ne possèderas aucune idole. La religion de Bouddha est donc une religion de paix, d’amour

x, et ne possèderas aucune idole. La religion de Bouddha est donc une religion de paix, d’amour, de charité et de progrès, comma

e sacrée de Bharatha, ou de l’Inde, point de salut ; au contraire, la religion samanéenne ou de Bouddha, ne donne point de limit

s’est subdivisé en quinze Sios, ou sectes, et s’est mêlé à l’ancienne religion du pays, ou Sintoïsme. L'on voyait et l’on voit

principaux dieux malfaisans, qui n’en protége pas moins le monde, la religion et la foi. On le représente debout, monté sur un

Samoundo est l’épouse d’Erlik Kan, Dieu suprême des enfers, dans la religion Lamaïque. Cette déesse est représentée ordinairem

Confucius avait prédit devoir venir un jour de l’occident. Bientôt la religion de Fô devint celle du peuple en général, mais il

est, dit-on, une incarnation de Lao-Kioum ; il est le fondateur d’une religion qui compte cent mille sectateurs ; ses livres for

sait, avait fini par pénétrer au Japon, cependant il n’étouffa pas la religion consacrée aux anciens Dieux indigènes ; il fut mê

; il fut même obligé d’adopter une partie des saints de cette vieille religion  ; néanmoins, les partisans des anciennes doctrine

arriva ainsi dans l’île de Mitokama. Gotsitemo ou Givon, dieu de la religion sintoïque, que l’on invoque pour être à l’abri de

ité éternelle, il se voua à l’enseignement de la philosophie et de la religion . En mourant, il ordonna qu’on lui rendît les honn

ieux et caché de la fécondité et de la reproduction. Cependant, cette religion si ancienne, qui vécut si long-temps brillante et

intercéder auprès du grand Ormuzd. Ce sont les anges gardiens dans la religion de Zoroastre. Après avoir fait connaître Ormuzd o

cependant, celui qui parait avoir été le premier homme d’après cette religion , s’appelle Hom, et voici ce qu’en dit la traditio

eux scandinaves, nous réunirons ici tous ceux qui se rattachaient aux religions primitives des Islandais, des Lapons, des Danois

, entrent seuls dans la demeure d’Héla. Nous trouvons encore dans les religions du nord de l’Europe, comme appartenant aux dieux

ornes très-étroites, nous profiterons de l’obscurité qui régne sur la religion de ces peuples, et nous ne ferons qu’indiquer les

ès ou Pomone, et Trigla, véritable Hécate. Dieux Irlandais. La religion des peuples primitifs de l’Irlande semble n’avoir

ormer ceux qui le portent, à leur volonté. Mexique. L'ancienne religion des Mexicains qui croyaient à un grand esprit, à

taient indispensables pour faire comprendre les systèmes des diverses religions fabuleuses que nous avons fait connaître. Ex

ism, it inspires us with new respect for the majesty of the Christian religion . The early races expressed by their religious leg

, it may inspire us with new respect for the majesty of the Christian religion , and for the sanctity of its morals. “It also ena

r the priesthood, and represented the ideal and spiritual part of the religion ; the second impersonated human faculties and powe

priest, as in Egypt. Persian Mythology. “Our knowledge of the religion of the ancient Persians is principally derived fr

, or sacred books of that people. Zoroaster* was the founder of their religion , or rather the reformer of the religion which pre

ter* was the founder of their religion, or rather the reformer of the religion which preceded him. His system became the dominan

er of the religion which preceded him. His system became the dominant religion of Western Asia from the time of Cyrus* (550 b. c

heir name was applied to all orders of magicians and enchanters. “The religion of Zoroaster continued to flourish even after the

ans to renounce their ancient faith. Those who refused to abandon the religion of their ancestors fled to the deserts of Kerman

to Fire, which they adore as the symbol of the divinity. “The Persian religion is the subject of the finest tale in Moore Lalla

en!” The Druids*. The Druids* were the priests or ministers of religion among the ancient Celtic nations in Gaul, Britain

where they were supposed to study the deeper mysteries of nature and religion , and to consult more directly the secret will of

become wholly extinguished in their villages; the sacred rites of the religion were defined and taught by him; the maize was his

e. Mother. They were very wise in many things, but not wise in their religion . Ann. Do the people of Greece and Rome now belie

ion. Ann. Do the people of Greece and Rome now believe in this false religion ? Mother. No; they are become Christians. The peo

ans. The people of Greece and Italy have been taught something of our religion — the religion we learn from the Bible. Ann. How

of Greece and Italy have been taught something of our religion — the religion we learn from the Bible. Ann. How long have the

is, they left off paganism; you told me that was the name of the old religion , fifteen hundred years ago. How came they ever to

in a very unseemly manner. Though Pentheus was not instructed in true religion , he knew that religious worship is serious and so

roperly. Mother. These stories of false gods show how unworthy false religion is, and how beautiful is the true. Ann. I hope t

mong any people. Mother. I am sorry to say there is still much false religion in the world. Whole nations in Asia and Africa ar

d il oublie son Créateur, pour se livrer à l’idolâtrie et aux fausses religions . Toutefois, à côté de beaucoup de charme et d’int

i existait parmi les anciens. Elle offre une foule de tableaux que la religion et la morale commandent de voiler sévèrement. Nou

taient, chez les Grecs et les Romains, une espèce de spectacle que la religion avait consacré. Leur institution eut toujours pou

acré. Leur institution eut toujours pour motif, au moins apparent, la religion ou quelque pieux devoir. Aussi en marquait-on ord

t qu’il était possible à l’esprit humain dans l’ignorance de la vraie religion . Des ennemis, des envieux l’accusèrent de nier le

ns des poëtes. Presque tous les traits principaux de l’histoire de la religion s’y retrouvent plus ou moins altérés ; il est évi

fut lui qui rapporta en Grèce la plupart des fables qui formèrent la religion de ce pays. Le talent avec lequel il exposait ses

olicés de l’univers. Toute cette théogonie est tombée devant la vraie religion , qui seule est éternelle, parce que seule elle es

Berlin: 1861); Max Müller’s Chips from a German Workshop, Science of Religion (Lond.: 1873), Science of Language (7th ed. 2 v.,

ss, 3 v.); Werner Hahn’s Das Nibelungenlied; Lang’s Myth, Ritual, and Religion (2 v., Lond.: 1887), and Mythology (Encyc. Brit.,

statesmanship, legislation and law, society and manners, philosophy, religion , literature, art, and even artistic appreciation,

ture, of his relation to the world about him, of duty, of art, and of religion . § 7. Theory of Deterioration. — Let us consider

of the moral sense, this knowledge of truth, morality, and spiritual religion fell into corruption. So in Greek mythology the a

who had attained to purer ideas of divinity, yet dared not reject the religion of their ancestors.” 11 The senseless element in

er, a holy man of God, was the founder or the reformer of the Persian religion . He lived as early as the fourteenth or fifteenth

rteenth or fifteenth century b.c., and his system became the dominant religion of Western Asia from the time of Cyrus (550 b.c.)

ing guise. It is important to understand that the more ideal Olympian religion absorbed features of inferior religions, and that

d that the more ideal Olympian religion absorbed features of inferior religions , and that Jupiter, when represented as appropriat

tribute from Athens may suggest some early suzerainty in politics and religion exercised by Crete over neighboring lands. For Mæ

184. On Norse mythology, see R. B. Anderson’s Norse Mythology, or the Religion of our Forefathers, Chicago: 1875; Anderson’s Hor

s were demigods, ancestors of royal races. The main cult of the older religion was ancestor-worship, Thor and Woden being worshi

rocess of renunciation described above. (See Edw. Clodd, Childhood of Religions ; John Caird, Oriental Religions (Humboldt Library

above. (See Edw. Clodd, Childhood of Religions; John Caird, Oriental Religions (Humboldt Library); Encyc. Brit.; Sir Edwin Arnol

sm see under Buddha. 1. Vedic: the Aryan, and earliest form of Hindoo religion ; dealing primarily with elemental powers that, in

king and queen. 2. Brahmanic: a philosophical outgrowth of the Vedic religion , which, on the one hand, was refined into logical

a blood-thirsty deity, not of the Vedic, but of some aboriginal Hindu religion ; absorbed in the Brahmanic godhead as the manifes

143. O′ï-cles, father of Amphiaraüs; grandfather of Alcmæon. Olympian religion , the, Com. § 32; table A. O-lym′pic Games, Com. §

see under Hindoo divinities (1). Ve, 366, 367. Vedas, the, 35. Vedic religion ; see under Hindoo divinities (1). Venera′lia, Com

n the number of the Olympians, 52 n ; and Com. § 32, on the Olympian religion . Gleyre, Charles G., 1807-1874 (paint.). Com. §

from Bion, 151, 152; from Theocritus, 215-217, 239; Myth, Ritual, and Religion , and article on Mythology in Ency. Brit., cited o

d Com. § 15, Sacred Books of the East, Hist. Sanskr. Lit., Science of Religion , Chips from a German Workshop, etc.; Com. §§ 33,

e Air. 5. See Max Müller’s Chips from a German Workshop, Science of Religion , etc. Cox’s Aryan Myths, and numerous articles by

ays, 1856. Sci. Relig. II. 548 n. 7. Andrew Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion , I. 24-25, and Professor C. P. Tiele, as cited by

orth Am. Review, Feb.-May, 1892). 9. Andrew Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion , 2 vols., London, 1887; and Encyc. Brit., 9th ed.

Comparative Mythology, Oxford Essays, 1856, p. 1-87; also Science of Religion , 1873, p. 335-403; Philosophy of Mythology; and S

(von E. Mogk). 16. Benfey and Cosquin. See Lang’s Myth, Ritual, and Religion , II. 299. 17. Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion,

’s Myth, Ritual, and Religion, II. 299. 17. Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion , II. 300; Cox, Mythology of the Aryan Nations, I.

Müller’s Chips from a German Workshop; Andrew Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion , II. 297. 19. Ency. Brit., 9th ed., article Myt

“The intelligible forms of ancient poets, The fair humanities of old religion , The Power, the Beauty, and the Majesty That had

Stories of Gods and Heroes. Chapter I. Introduction. The religions of ancient Greece and Rome are extinct. The so-ca

he Romans, and other nations through them, received their science and religion . The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and cir

stes — Buddha —  Grand Lama. Zoroaster. Our knowledge of the religion of the ancient Persians is principally derived fr

a, or sacred books of that people. Zoroaster was the founder of their religion , or rather the reformer of the religion which pre

ster was the founder of their religion, or rather the reformer of the religion which preceded him. The time when he lived is dou

ed is doubtful, but it is certain that his system became the dominant religion of Western Asia from the time of Cyrus (550 B. C.

ir, Nor fix on fond abodes to circumscribe thy prayer.” III. 91. The religion of Zoroaster continued to flourish even after the

ans to renounce their ancient faith. Those who refused to abandon the religion of their ancestors fled to the deserts of Kerman

to fire, which they adore as the symbol of the divinity. The Persian religion makes the subject of the finest tale in Moore’s L

To break our country’s chains or die.” Hindu Mythology. The religion of the Hindus is professedly founded on the Vedas

rants who oppressed it. Buddha is by the followers of the Brahmanical religion regarded as a delusive incarnation of Vishnu, ass

her of the others. In the Puranas (the scriptures of the modern Hindu religion ) no allusion is made to the original power of thi

Iona. Druids. The Druids were the priests or ministers of religion among the ancient Celtic nations in Gaul, Britain

more precious. The Druids were the teachers of morality as well as of religion . Of their ethical teaching a valuable specimen is

ined an imperishable place in history as the seat of civilization and religion at a time when the darkness of heathenism hung ov

Druidical origin. It is in reference to all these remains of ancient religion that Johnson exclaims, “That man is little to be

mere poetry to us, and very fine it is; but to him it was poetry, and religion , and beauty, and gravity and hushing awe, and a p

the esteem due to parables; for that would be profane and bold, since religion delights in such veils and shadows: but, reflecti

e at the entrance of their temples, to intimate that the mysteries of religion should never be revealed to the people. “There i

reasons why he had made the innovations into the ceremonies of their religion . “Egeria! sweet creation of some heart, Which fo

al Divinities of Indian Mythology. It is scarcely possible for any religion to possess a more metaphysical and abstract chara

interested. 9. To forgive injuries. 10. Not to be superstitious. This religion , all peace and all love, prescribes gentleness an

o exercised absolute authority over all that was connected with their religion , as well as presided over their sacrifices. Nor w

which place they did not return, but gave to their descendants their religion , which in the lapse of ages became lost; because

is drawn the head of a lion.” As a proof of the bloody nature of the religion of the Mexicans, we may mention, that on solemniz

is idolatrous people. [Conclusion.] Our task is now closed; the religions of those who have gone before us, have been given

les bords du Tibre, les habitants de ces lieux sauvages vivaient sans religion et sans lois. Janus adoucit la férocité de leurs

propriétaire ne pouvait couper un arbre avant que les ministres de la religion eussent déclaré que les nymphes l’avaient abandon

’Œagre, roi de Thrace. Dès sa jeunesse, il s’appliqua à l’étude de la religion , et voyagea en Égypte pour y consulter les prêtre

e de Minerve ce palladium que les Troyens y conservaient avec tant de religion et de soin : Diomède le secondait dans cette entr

vent se regarder sans rire. » — Les Aruspices, autres ministres de la religion , étaient d’un rang très-inférieur à celui des Aug

inférieur à celui des Augures. § 25. Jeux publics des Grecs. La religion avait établi chez les Païens des jeux publics, so

t en d’autres pays, les bienfaits de l’agriculture, des lois et de la religion . Il visita l’Éthiopie, l’Arabie, les Indes ; prop

qu’aucun autre objet ne leur parut plus digne de fixer le principe de religion gravé dans touts les cœurs par l’auteur de la nat

ns d’éducation ; c’est après avoir été instruites des préceptes de la religion , et avoir contracté l’heureuse habitude d’en remp

que nous mettons au premier rang, parce qu’elle sert de base à notre religion , on devra lui donner successivement l’histoire gr

uel sera, dit madame de Lambert , le principe de ces sentiments ? La religion . Quand elle sera gravée dans notre cœur, alors to

it qu’à jouir des plaisirs qu’elle lui offroit, lorsque le chef de la religion vint le trouver et lui dit : Prince, rien n’est p

ut lire. Il ne faut pas seulement écarter les livres qui attaquent la religion , ou qui blessent ouvertement les mœurs. Il faut e

ibles parents ! 28. Nous ne saurions trop recommander le poème de la Religion , par Louis Racine . Nous en faisons toujours appr

e, et de l’histoire dans la théologie païenne. On forma un système de religion sur les idées d’ Homère et d’ Hésiode ; on érigea

le mont Tarpéien, et fit de son culte un des principaux points de sa religion , pour mettre un frein plus puissant que les lois

u après Moïse. Il fut l’auteur des anciens livres qui concernaient la religion , et que les Egyptiens gardaient précieusement.

ux qu’on leur avait volés. Ces prêtres étaient les plus anciens de la religion païenne à Rome. Il y en avait trois colléges, cel

a son peuple par la justice. Elle établit dans ses états les lois, la religion , les cérémonies du culte, et tout ce qui maintien

vessero ricevuto un simil culto. Infatti non è proibito nemmeno nella religion cristiana l’eriger private cappelle in onore del

ice titolo di Ottimo Massimo lo troviamo attribuito a Dio anche nella religion cristiana ; e si vede indicato colle iniziali D.

; elle est même inséparable de l’étude de l’histoire ancienne, car la religion des peuples est tellement identifiée avec leur hi

le, sur les terres des Cyclopes, géants monstrueux, qui vivaient sans religion , sans lois, et sans aucun commerce avec le reste

t Rome est accablée Accorder le secours par l’oracle promis : Mais la religion , l’intérêt du pays, Permet-il de priver le peuple

e la grandeur, Se parfume au printemps de vos douces offrandes, Et la Religion sourit à vos guirlandes. Delille 86. Pomone,

d’Italie avant l’arrivée d’Enée, il fonda dans cette belle contrée la Religion et les Lois. Ce fut chez Janus que Saturne se ret

Fille de l’Aveuglement et de l’Ignorance : elle est dans toutes les Religions d’une crédulité stupide. On peut la représenter s

int de croire honorer le Ciel en ensanglantant la Terre, et chérit la Religion en lui déchirant le sein. Ce monstre a un poignar

. Il vient, le Fanatisme est son horrible nom : Enfant dénaturé de la Religion , Armé pour la défendre, il cherche à la détruire,

d’Italie avant l’arrivée d’Enée, il fonda dans cette belle contrée la Religion et les Lois. Ce fut chez Janus que Saturne se ret

Fille de l’Aveuglement et de l’Ignorance : elle est dans toutes les Religions d’une crédulité stupide. On peut la représenter s

int de croire honorer le Ciel en ensanglantant la Terre, et chérit la Religion en lui déchirant le sein. Ce monstre a un poignar

. Il vient, le Fanatisme est son horrible nom : Enfant dénaturé de la Religion , Armé pour la défendre, il cherche à la détruire,

qu’aucun autre objet ne leur parut plus digne de fixer le principe de religion gravé dans tous les cœurs par l’Auteur de la natu

avec lui : il voulut même cimenter cette paix simulée par un motif de religion  ; et, prenant les dieux à témoin de sa réconcilia

t abstract phenomena as persons with human parts and passions.” Every religion antedating Christianity has inculcated the worshi

femmes. On ne peut donc trop s’attacher à connoître, à respecter la religion du secret ; l’homme d’une probité délicate s’en f

ience which treats of the early traditions, or myths, relating to the religion of the ancients, and includes, besides a full acc

, and stars, &c. This school further prove that all pre-Christian religions have idols representing beasts, that all mytholog

thoroughly civilised people, we can still find in their mythology and religion “abundant survivals of savage manners and savage

di Giove che ne abbia, come si esprime Visconti, lasciata l’arte e la religion degli antichi, è nel Museo Pio dementino, dove qu

di quelle che o per la situazione in luoghi assai frequentati, per la religion de’ popoli, o per altre curiose avventure si rend

congiunto, sì nei gran misteri Eleusini i primi della Grecia e della religion delle genti, come nelle feste, nei templi, e negl

nti i più mordaci affetti, E impallidir d’ogni superbo il viso. Santa religion tu quella sei Che fai tremar chi sol negarti ardi

De’domestici lari, e fu temuto Sulla polve degli avi il giuramento : Religion che con diversi riti Le virtù patrie e la pietà c