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1 (1897) Stories of Long Ago in a New Dress
ildren to some of our greatest authors, but also to cultivate a taste for what is purest and best in literature. The illust
statues of the gods; and there they came, in time of trouble, to ask for help and comfort; and when they were happy they c
uch by the time you have read all the stories I am going to tell you; for she was selfish and jealous, and, like all such p
avorite bird. She spent much of her time in weaving and embroidering, for she was very fond of this pastime. And then there
rcury, fleet-footed Mercury. He was called “The Swift” and no wonder; for he had winged sandals, and could fly faster than
ome. Ceres was the goddess of the earth, and the people looked to her for bountiful harvests, and for the growth of everyth
f the earth, and the people looked to her for bountiful harvests, and for the growth of everything that sprang from the ear
man. But he was loved by every one, and especially by the shepherds; for he guarded their flocks from harm, and played his
w. With cities and gardens, and cliffs and isles, And people upon you for thousands of miles? Ah! you are so great, and I
l all love. Almost everybody loved Callisto and her little son Arcas; for she was fair and good, and kind to all who knew h
seemed to smile on her. I said that almost everybody loved Callisto; for although her little boy and all her companions an
y fond of her, there was one who did not love her, and that was Juno. For some reason, Juno could not bear to look at Calli
and behind trees whenever she heard the patter of feet on the ground. For although her body was like a bear’s, her thoughts
elings were still human, and she feared the wild beasts of the woods. For fifteen long years, poor Callisto lived lonely an
his cheery smile; in vain the birds sang their happy songs. She cared for none of them, and no longer responded to the beau
over the hills; and then she trembled and crouched behind the trees, for she did not want them to find her. Many a time he
w, standing within a few feet of him, a great, shaggy bear. Callisto, for it was she, did not hear the sound of footsteps u
ent Jupiter appeared, and snatched both bow and arrow from his hands. For Jupiter had always loved Callisto, and he was sor
om his hands. For Jupiter had always loved Callisto, and he was sorry for the harm his wife had done to one so good and gen
ife had done to one so good and gentle. To make up as far as he could for Juno’s cruelty, he changed both mother and son in
n palace. Neptune promised to do as she wished, and he kept his word, for from that day to this, the Great Bear and the Lit
d one fair young daughter, whom she loved very dearly. And no wonder, for Proserpine was the sunniest, happiest girl you co
and of the dead, lived dark King Pluto; and the days were very lonely for him with only shadows to talk to. Often and often
light and beautiful.” But he knew it would be useless to ask the girl for her consent; so, with a bold stride, he stepped i
ally came running to meet her, was nowhere to be seen. Ceres searched for her in all the rooms, but they were empty. Then s
the fires of a volcano, and went wandering among the fields, looking for her child. When morning broke, and she had found
f was terrible to see. 4. “Ceres lighted a torch and went searching for her child.” Ceres (Glyptothek, Munich). On that
he world. It seemed as though the great earth grieved with the mother for the loss of beautiful Proserpine. When the starvi
pine was found, she could think only of her child, and could not care for the neglected earth. So all the people cried alou
aloud to Jupiter that he should bring Proserpine back to her mother, for they were sadly in need of great Ceres’ help. At
her eyes were heavy with weeping. I can stay no longer now, O Ceres, for I must leap into the sunshine. The bright sky cal
t alas! that very day Proserpine had eaten six pomegranate seeds; and for every one of those seeds she was doomed each year
of those seeds she was doomed each year to spend a month underground. For six months of the year Ceres is happy with her da
th us all the earth seems fair and beautiful. But when the time comes for Proserpine to rejoin King Pluto in his dark home
sad. The leaves fall to the ground, as though the trees were weeping for the loss of the fair, young queen; and the flower
ty, and in the very center of the island was a cave which served well for a house. Best of all, by the side of the cave, ra
ome to Latona. In fact, it was as lovely a home as any one could wish for . And here Latona lived for a long, long time. She
was as lovely a home as any one could wish for. And here Latona lived for a long, long time. She was very happy, and hoped
d to go from the home where she had been so happy, she hastened away, for she feared that otherwise Juno might harm her two
em, not herself, from the sun. The mother was glad to suffer anything for her children’s sake. She had been walking for day
glad to suffer anything for her children’s sake. She had been walking for days and days, the hot sand burning her tender fe
the hot sand burning her tender feet, and her throat dry and parched for lack of water, when suddenly she saw in the dista
sheaves. Latona bent and tried to reach the pure water with her lips, for both her arms were burdened with the children. Bu
t forbid me to drink of this pure water, which the gods have put here for all to enjoy! I am weary from long wandering over
began to plead, with tears in her eyes. “Surely, if you have no pity for me,” she said, “you cannot be so cruel to these l
ed men to be more gentle. But they were very hard-hearted indeed, and for answer they began to kick mud and stones into the
sitting on the rocks, now leaping into the water with ugly croaks. As for Latona, her time of suffering was almost over. Th
As for Latona, her time of suffering was almost over. The twin babes for whom she had borne so much, grew up to repay her,
bbles. I chatter, chatter, as I flow     To join the brimming river, For men may come, and men may go,     But I go on for
l. And draw them all along, and flow     To join the brimming river, For men may come, and men may go,     But I go on for
slide by hazel-covers; I move the sweet forget-me-nots     That grow for happy lovers. I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance
lows. And out again I curve and flow     To join the brimming river, For men may come, and men may go,     But I go on for
and because she always wanted to have the last word. You can find out for yourselves whether or not it is true, any day whe
he found out that Echo amused her in this way only to please Jupiter. For Jupiter sometimes grew tired of Juno, and wished
ell. Every one who saw him loved him; but he seemed to have no heart, for he loved no one but himself. One day he was wande
ell in love with him; and she followed him through the woods, longing for the power to speak to him. But alas! she could no
speak to him. But alas! she could not speak. They went on in this way for some time, Narcissus parting the branches in sear
ered, ‘Here’.” Echo ( Roberts ). The youth was very much surprised, for he had thought himself alone in the woods. He loo
h time Echo answered in his own words. She did not dare show herself, for fear that he might be angry, but you see she coul
to throw her arms around his neck, to tell him her love in that way; for , you know, the poor girl could not tell it in wor
you cannot come to stay, Ask the stern old hill to free you     Just for half a holiday.             O glad Echo,         
rough the woods from morning till night, with only his bow and arrows for companions. One day he had been tracking the game
companions. One day he had been tracking the game through the forest for many hours, and at last, worn out with the heat a
d Narcissus stooped to drink of it; but suddenly he paused in wonder, for reflected in the smooth surface, was the most bea
g that had no form, or substance, — a mere shadow. He lost all desire for food or for sleep, and night and day he lay upon
o form, or substance, — a mere shadow. He lost all desire for food or for sleep, and night and day he lay upon the grass, g
r silver car through the heavens, the poor boy could scarcely breathe for marveling at the beauty of his own face. Slowly h
“Farewell!” The nymphs of the rivers and the wood nymphs all mourned for their dead friend. And they prepared the funeral
ll mourned for their dead friend. And they prepared the funeral pile, for in those days people used to burn the bodies of t
us throughout Greece, and princes and merchants paid her great prices for her wonderful embroidery. 7. “So graceful she l
rt among women, but do not compare yourself with the gods. Ask pardon for the foolish words you have just spoken. I promise
suddenly felt how foolish and wrong she had been. It was too late now for repentance. The goddess seized the beautiful web,
one of her race, spinning and spinning away at a web, as a punishment for that foolish girl’s vanity. ——— “Twist Ye, Twine
human life. Passions wild and follies vain, Pleasures soon exchanged for pain; Doubt and jealousy and fear, In the magic d
tell you what it looked like, and so wicked and cruel that the people for miles around the swampy land where it dwelt lived
he flew away, satisfied. The golden arrow did its work only too well. For no sooner had the sun god caught a glimpse of the
in hot haste, calling to her not to be afraid and not to run so fast, for fear she might hurt herself on the thorns and bra
some little angry thing, Some serpent on a tiny wing. A bee it was —  for once, I know, I heard a rustic call it so.” Thus
harm people that they would forget all their bad thoughts, and become for a while as lovely as the sounds they heard. Now O
he dewy morning; and it did not take Orpheus’ music to make her good, for she had never had a thought that was not pure and
grief was terrible to see. He took up his beloved lyre, but its charm for him was gone. He drew from it such low, sad strai
w, sad strains, that even the rocks and the trees were moved to tears for his sorrow. At last he could bear his loneliness
eath. Charon at first refused to carry him across; but Orpheus played for him so sweetly that the stern boatman was melted
her. In vain Orpheus tried to get back into Hades; and after sitting for seven days on the bank of the river, without touc
the bank of the river, without touching food of any kind or sleeping for an instant, he sadly returned to the green earth.
here he lived with only the birds and the trees and the wild animals; for , since he could not have Eurydice, he cared for n
and the wild animals; for, since he could not have Eurydice, he cared for no other companions. But the birds and the wild b
s and the flowers loved him dearly, and tried to show their gratitude for the sweet music he made for them. They did, indee
dearly, and tried to show their gratitude for the sweet music he made for them. They did, indeed, comfort him, and he lived
t music he made for them. They did, indeed, comfort him, and he lived for a long time in this sorrowful quiet. So time pass
mad women they were, and their king afterwards punished them severely for their heartless action. They cast the singer’s bo
py tears my eyes were dim;     I called him, “Oh, sweet love! I come, for thou art all to me; Go forth, and I will follow t
der the trees. No one ever dared to enter these quiet, hidden groves, for they were sacred to Diana and her nymphs. Actaeon
had caught scent of the trail. One day, Actaeon had been out hunting for many hours. He was tired and thirsty, and he look
hunting for many hours. He was tired and thirsty, and he looked about for some spot in which to rest. Suddenly he heard the
ying of his own dogs, coming to join him. Ah! he must hide from them, for they would not know their master hidden in that b
boat, and set them adrift on the great, wide sea. They floated about for many days, and Danaë held her little boy close, a
gave Danaë and her little boy a home. The mother and son lived there for many years, until Perseus was no longer a little
young man. Now the king of the island was a wicked and cruel man, who for some reason hated Danaë and Perseus, and wished t
of them. So he planned some means of getting Perseus out of the way, for the wicked king knew that if the boy were gone he
an the deadly bite of the snakes, was the power of their fierce eyes; for whoever looked a Gorgon in the face, was immediat
in thinking that Perseus would never return to the island. So he sent for the boy, and when he stood before him, began to p
ought that, my boy, I would let you undertake a task that I am saving for the bravest man in my kingdom.” “And do you think
telling him the whole story. When he had finished, Mercury sat silent for a few moments, lost in deep thought, and then sai
ead of having two eyes each, as you and I have, there was but one eye for all three of them. They took turns in using that
hey were passing the eye from one to another, all three sisters were, for the moment, blind. But such an eye as that one wa
hings that were happening in countries far away. They were interested for a while; but at length, one of them grew impatien
trembled in his winged shoes. However, he need not have been afraid, for the sisters fell to quarreling about the eye, and
in the direction from which the voice came. But Perseus was too quick for them. On his winged feet he rose high in the air,
back swiftly to the grove where Mercury was waiting, and thanked him for all his help, and, after bidding him farewell, st
island where the terrible Gorgons lived. He dared not look down, even for an instant, for fear of being turned to stone. Bu
terrible Gorgons lived. He dared not look down, even for an instant, for fear of being turned to stone. But Minerva’s brig
a cloth, went to greet his mother. She was overjoyed to see her son, for she had long since decided that he must be dead.
t had taken a long, long time to reach the island where Medusa lived; for it was so far away that no one but the three sist
the palace. The king was more surprised than pleased to see Perseus, for he, too, had thought him dead. “Aha, Perseus!” he
you must prove by showing us the head,” said the king, with a sneer; for , of course, he did not believe Perseus. “Since yo
. When the people heard what had happened, there was great rejoicing, for they had all feared and hated the cruel king. Per
had all feared and hated the cruel king. Perseus chose a better ruler for them, under whom they lived in peace and happines
one of these oracles, and offer up a sacrifice to the god, in return for which the oracle would utter words of warning or
body loved her. Many thought her even more beautiful than her mother, for whose vanity she was to die. And Cassiopeia herse
ter.” Then Cassiopeia went sadly home and locked herself in her room; for she could not bear to look her child in the face.
chains to an overhanging rock. Then they stood sadly around, waiting for the coming of the monster who was to devour the f
ified shriek; and all the people covered their eyes with their hands, for they could not bear to see what was to happen. Al
at the rescued girl was as good and lovable as she was fair, he asked for her hand in marriage. As for Andromeda, she had l
od and lovable as she was fair, he asked for her hand in marriage. As for Andromeda, she had loved Perseus from the moment
dly consented to be his wife. The girl’s parents now began to prepare for the wedding, and the whole village was invited to
omeda’s parents were very much afraid. Some time before, he had asked for their daughter as his wife, and the parents had b
sudden stop, and stood there motionless, his sword raised to strike; for Perseus had lifted the terrible Gorgon’s head, an
h her along the banks of the stream. Io did not know who Jupiter was, for he came disguised as a boy; and she thought him o
ame disguised as a boy; and she thought him only a pleasant companion for her walks. But Juno hated Io; for, as you remembe
ought him only a pleasant companion for her walks. But Juno hated Io; for , as you remember, I have told you what a jealous
a jealous queen she was, and she could not bear to have Jupiter care for any one besides herself. So one day, when he had
any one besides herself. So one day, when he had been away from home for many hours, she suddenly made up her mind to go d
rvants, Argus, to watch the cow. And a very good watchman Argus made; for he had a hundred eyes, and no matter how tired he
night, we should find it hard to do anything they did not see. Never for a moment was Io left unguarded. At night she was
and even her father only patted her neck and plucked some fresh grass for her. But that was too much for the poor girl, — n
her neck and plucked some fresh grass for her. But that was too much for the poor girl, — not to have her own father know
“Hail stranger! Come share this stone with me; here are rich pastures for your flocks, and shade such as shepherds love.” M
tchman never closed more than half his eyes. So they had been sitting for a long time, when at last Argus asked the shepher
not overtake her. “At last she came to a stream, and here she prayed for help, to her sisters, the water nymphs. They hear
ere they shine in splendor to this day. But alas! the queen blamed Io for all her trouble, and, to punish her, sent a large
er so fair and good that they made her their queen. She lived happily for many years, until she grew old and died. Then the
s a very great city indeed, and there were many troublesome questions for the king and queen to decide, if they wished to r
a child. Niobe’s people did not love her so much as they feared her; for although she was gentle and tender and loving in
than Apollo or Diana, whom you honor. “I am far greater than Latona; for if all my wealth and power were taken from me, I
bes, and cast away your wreaths. Me, and me only, should you worship, for I am greater than Latona.” At these words the fri
ain overlooking the city of Thebes, to see the festival in her honor; for there had been so much sorrow in her life that sh
the ground with cries of anguish. But her pride was not yet humbled, for , raising her arms toward heaven, she cried, “You
you have broken my heart. Yet I am still greater and richer than you, for I have seven children left, and you have only two
Apollo and Diana, on seeing Niobe’s terrible grief, felt almost sorry for their deed, and thought she had been punished eno
was changed to marble. The marble image of grief stood upon the plain for many days; until at last there came a mighty hurr
Niobe wept on forever. ——— Children Come to me, O ye children!      For I hear you at your play, And the questions that p
rk before. What the leaves are to the forest,     With light and air for food, Ere their sweet and tender juices     Have
at the birds and the winds are singing     In your sunny atmosphere. For what are all our contrivings     And the wisdom o
Ye are better than all the ballads     That ever were sung or said; For ye are living poems,     And all the rest are dea
placed in his path. When the queen saw this, she hit upon a new plan for making him unhappy, — she made him a slave to the
made him a slave to the king of Argos. Nothing could have been harder for Hercules to bear than slavery; for he had a restl
os. Nothing could have been harder for Hercules to bear than slavery; for he had a restless spirit, which made him chafe ni
elve very difficult tasks. Nothing could have suited Hercules better, for he delighted in danger and deeds of valor. And th
bors of Hercules. It would take too long to tell you much about them, for each is a story in itself. There were monsters an
t any moment, and take on the form of an animal. So when the time set for the match arrived, both the suitors went with lig
went with light hearts to the meeting place. The king gave the signal for the start, and the two mighty ones fell upon each
y bull dashed at Hercules with terrible force; but the hero was ready for the attack, and, seizing him by the horns, held h
e, and yielded his claim. So Hercules gained the king’s fair daughter for his bride. In that last fierce struggle, one of t
ape that she filled it with her autumn fruits and flowers and took it for her emblem. And this is the story of the origin o
of course he could cross a stream when it would have been impossible for a man to do so. Hercules accepted the kind offer,
les accepted the kind offer, and with the maiden on his back, Nessus, for that was the centaur’s name, started to wade the
ging to see other lands and to do other great deeds became too strong for him. So one day he started on his journeys. His w
hen, at last, she remembered the words of the dying centaur. She sent for her most faithful servant, and giving him the shi
and to say that she sent him her love and asked him to wear the shirt for her sake. Little did the poor woman know what she
d little did the innocent servant dream of the fate that was in store for him. He traveled many miles, and at last came to
n the seashore, crying aloud in his torture. The servant stood amazed for a moment, and then hid himself, in terror, behind
form; and the rock still stands far out in the middle of the sea. As for Hercules, when he found that he could not free hi
scribe it. The king wished to imprison it in a safe place, and it was for this creature that Daedalus had built the labyrin
th and the Minotaur who lived in it. But now let us go back to Athens for a while. Daedalus had a nephew named Perdix, a ve
uld some day be far greater than his uncle. Thus all the uncle’s love for his nephew was turned to hatred, and he was anxio
the white-sailed vessels on the water, and longed to have one of them for his own. One day Icarus was looking now up into t
ds gave the father a sudden happy thought. He would try to make wings for himself and his son, and fly from this island in
aid, “Icarus, my boy, watch me all the time, and follow where I lead; for if you go too low the water may clog your wings,
the father ever turning to see that his son was following in safety. For a while Icarus followed where Daedalus led the wa
killed, and he felt that the death of his own son was his punishment for that wicked deed. For a long time after that, the
hat the death of his own son was his punishment for that wicked deed. For a long time after that, the place was known as th
ay, “Where the topmost twigs in the breezes sway! “Come up! come up! for the world is fair, Where the merry leaves dance i
er cloud, To sing in the thunder halls aloud, To spread out the wings for a wild, free flight With the upper cloud winds oh
e boy was taught all the arts which at that time were thought fitting for a prince. Every year the people of Athens had a f
t to Athens. Before long almost every one in Athens grew to like him, for he was a frank, generous youth, and most skillful
in which he took part. Only Aegeus, the king of Athens, did not care for him. He was jealous of this young stranger; and o
d. Perhaps the people of Athens might have blamed their king severely for this cruel act, had not something happened which
sword and the sandals. Then, bidding his mother farewell, he started for Athens, The journey to Athens was very dangerous,
ell, he started for Athens, The journey to Athens was very dangerous, for bold robbers lay hidden behind every turn in the
en behind every turn in the road; cruel giants set all kinds of traps for unwary travelers; and the forests on either side
palace. Aegeus was overjoyed at having such a beautiful, brave youth for his son. He threw open the gates of the palace to
st beside itself with joy, King Minos, in Crete, waited day after day for the return of his son. But alas! cruelly slain, h
Minos saw his murdered son, and heard the story of his death, he wept for many a day, and vowed that he would take vengeanc
n end, and all was hurry and confusion as the people hastily prepared for war. ——— Rise! For the Day Is Passing Rise! for
urry and confusion as the people hastily prepared for war. ——— Rise! For the Day Is Passing Rise! for the day is passing,
le hastily prepared for war. ——— Rise! For the Day Is Passing Rise! for the day is passing,     And you lie dreaming on;
rm will never be stronger,     Or the need so great as to-day. Rise! for the day is passing;     The sound that you scarce
und that you scarcely hear Is the enemy marching to battle     Arise! for the foe is here! Stay not to sharpen your weapons
f only she could fly out of the gates and tell him how much she cared for him, she would do anything to win his love. No so
mind than it was followed by another. “Perhaps if I opened the gates for him he would love me; but I will not, for that wo
rhaps if I opened the gates for him he would love me; but I will not, for that would mean being a traitor, not only to my c
to my city, but to my own father.” The girl loved her father dearly, for he was very kind to her, and would do anything to
from off his head. She did not even feel ashamed of the wicked deed, for she could no longer think of anything but King Mi
efore the astonished king. “I am the king’s daughter,” she said, “and for your sake I have stolen my father’s purple lock,
would you risk the life of your father, and do harm to your city, all for love of a stranger? She who would do that would d
m of the boat, cried, “I will go with you whether you want me or not, for without you life is worthless to me. The gates of
e is worthless to me. The gates of my own city are closed against me, for I have betrayed it for your sake. I will follow y
he gates of my own city are closed against me, for I have betrayed it for your sake. I will follow you; for if I have been
against me, for I have betrayed it for your sake. I will follow you; for if I have been a traitor to my people, I have at
ory; so she lived lonely and with no one to love her, as a punishment for her wickedness in cutting off the lock of purple
hould be opened. Now Minos had taken along an abundant supply of food for his army, and besides, when that was used up, he
nd besides, when that was used up, he could readily send his soldiers for more. But the people in the besieged city had soo
od, and, as you will understand, they had no way of getting any more; for they could not leave the city without falling int
eed; but you must not forget how the poor father’s heart was bleeding for his murdered son. He said that every year the peo
black balls went away with King Minos, and were given to the Minotaur for food. The next year and the next the same dreadfu
the demand, they dared not disobey King Minos. But when the time came for paying the fourth tribute, as this sacrifice was
e in the struggle. A Thread That Saved Many Lives When the day for starting came, the king, weeping bitterly, follow
were to sail. How he repented that cruel deed of long ago, in return for which he was now to lose his own son! Theseus tri
tried to cheer his companions by hopeful words; but they had no hope, for they thought no human being could. overcome that
was his daughter Ariadne, a beautiful, tender-hearted girl. She wept for pity when she saw the youths and maidens and thou
ntrance, Ariadne spoke. “Prince Theseus,” she said, “my heart grieves for you and your friends who must die this dreadful d
mpanions?” Theseus looked gratefully at the girl who showed such pity for him, and answered, “Fair princess, my arm is stro
ch was fastened to the entrance. Theseus, after thanking the princess for her help, did as she told him, and entered the ga
ast he came into the open court. There lay the Minotaur, fast asleep, for he expected no food until the next morning. Steal
t asleep, for he expected no food until the next morning. Stealthily, for fear of waking him from his sleep, Theseus crept
eus asked her to go with him and be his wife; and the girl consented, for she had loved the prince from the moment when fir
e were even worse than the children. Far and wide the place was known for its lack of hospitality. Hospitality is a long wo
gers knocked at the door of the first cottage they came to, and asked for a night’s shelter. Not only was this refused, but
d refilling their glasses with the sweet milk, Baucis became worried; for she knew the pitcher must soon be empty, and ther
they had eaten enough, and would now like a place in which to sleep; for they had come a great distance that day, and were
n the kitchen floor. Early in the morning, Philemon and Baucis arose, for they wanted to kill their one old goose for the s
hilemon and Baucis arose, for they wanted to kill their one old goose for the strangers’ breakfast. While they were trying
sight. Philemon and Baucis were the faithful guardians of the temple for many, many years. Whenever strangers came to the
came to the place, they were gladly welcomed and kindly entertained, for the couple were just as simple and hospitable in
nt, and in their stead flourished these two mighty trees, which stood for centuries in front of the temple of Jupiter. And
o loved each other very dearly. After they had lived together happily for many years, the king had to journey to a distant
consult an oracle. He grieved much at the thought of leaving Halcyone for so long a time, and she tried to make him give up
n as he could. The ship was fitted out, and all too soon came the day for starting. Hand in hand, husband and wife went dow
ar wife, and praying that no harm might befall her while he was away. For a time all went well; but on the fifth day, towar
neath the raging waters. Ceyx alone clung to a spar and escaped death for a time. As he drifted along, now rising on the to
tored to her. At last Juno could no longer bear to hear these prayers for the safety of a man who was already dead. She cal
the story of the shipwreck, and ended with these words: “Weep no more for the absent one; for he is dead, and can never com
pwreck, and ended with these words: “Weep no more for the absent one; for he is dead, and can never come back to his belove
alcyone awoke with a cry. The vision had been so real that she looked for wet footprints on the floor; but shadows leave no
, Nephele would grow thin and pale, and then she would leave her home for a long time, and come back only when the soft rai
d and dry, and all the crops withered away. There was not enough food for the people, and everywhere they were dying of hun
ery good men, since they were willing to help in killing the children for the sake of a little gold. In due time, they came
d sent, in answer to Nephele’ s earnest prayer, to save the children; for , although Nephele seemed to be far away, she was
and day by the terrible dragon. ——— The Cloud I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers     From the seas and the s
irsting flowers     From the seas and the streams; I bear light shade for the leaves when laid     In their noonday dreams.
as a centaur named Chiron, and he might be called only half a person; for , you remember, the centaurs had bodies like those
; and that he must go and reclaim his father’s kingdom. When the time for parting came, Chiron went with Jason to the foot
len by the spring rains. On the bank there stood an old woman looking for some means of crossing. Mindful of the centaur’s
ed before the king. The king turned pale with fear at sight of Jason; for an oracle had foretold that his kingdom would be
s.” “You are wrong!” cried Jason, “there are many heroes waiting only for the chance to do great deeds.” At this the king l
heard the story of the Golden Fleece? Long years have I been waiting for a hero to bring it hither, for it would add great
Fleece? Long years have I been waiting for a hero to bring it hither, for it would add greatly to our wealth and happiness.
olden Fleece, or die in the attempt.” The king was very much pleased; for this was just what he wanted, — to send Jason off
ng I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it
I breathed a song into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For who has sight so keen and strong, That it can fol
king laughed aloud, and said, “You have come on a very bold mission, for only he who performs aright the three tasks I hav
When he came to the ship, he found that there was help awaiting him. For Medea, the king’s daughter, had fallen in love wi
edea love him so much that she would be willing to give up everything for his sake. And so it really was Juno who was helpi
the armed men. After she left him, he paced up and down the seashore for a long time, thinking about Medea, and the tasks
idst of his foes. This made them turn from Jason against one another, for each one thought it was his neighbor who had thro
at in some way Medea had helped the hero. Therefore, when Jason asked for leave to begin his third task, the king answered
ve to begin his third task, the king answered that he had done enough for one day, and that he should rest until the morrow
suspected her, told Jason he must kill the dragon that night and sail for home; for she had noticed her father’s angry look
her, told Jason he must kill the dragon that night and sail for home; for she had noticed her father’s angry look and she f
own young again through happiness at his son’s return, ruled in peace for many a year How a Boy Loved a Stag Once A
door and offer his glossy neck to be patted. He was afraid of no one, for every one loved him and was kind to him. Cypariss
could drink the clear water. The boy would weave garlands of flowers for the stag’s neck; or, springing lightly on his pla
r’s day, Cyparissus and the stag had been wandering through the grove for many hours, and at noon they paused in a shady sp
ied to console Cyparissus, telling him that he must not blame himself for what had been a mere accident; and at last he ind
s, and wonder that you no longer come to greet them. But I will mourn for you forever, Cyparissus, and you shall mourn for
em. But I will mourn for you forever, Cyparissus, and you shall mourn for others, and shall henceforth be the emblem of sor
mptied them out upon the grass by his side, and then prepared his net for another throw. But the fish he had caught began f
d ended by telling her how much he loved her. But Scylla did not care for this strange-looking creature, whom she saw that
did not care for this strange-looking creature, whom she saw that day for the first time; and she turned away from him, and
st time; and she turned away from him, and left him sad and hopeless. For many days he came in vain to the spot where he ha
was Circe. He hastened to her palace, told her his story, and begged for a love potion, a drink, which should make Scylla
hould make Scylla love him. Now it so happened that Circe herself had for a long time been in love with Glaucus; so she tol
eaweed grow on the mountain tops and trees in the ocean, than my love for Scylla change while she is alive.” Then at last C
freshness. But the mixture Circe had given Glaucus was most horrible, for it bred monsters. Scarcely had Scylla stepped int
egan to change their shape; and at last she screamed aloud in terror, for where her limbs had been, there were now six horr
ierce barking of dogs from the base of the rock. Poor Glaucus mourned for Scylla many a day, and never again went near the
friend; and he was happy to carry his hunting nets, or hold his dogs for a while. Hyacinthus did not think it at all stran
ot think it at all strange that Apollo should like to do these things for him. For love is so wonderful a thing, that it ma
it at all strange that Apollo should like to do these things for him. For love is so wonderful a thing, that it makes peopl
and he called him by name again and again. He would gladly have died for him, and he did not care to live without him; but
you cry, too, if you had seen him. Then, at last, he seized his lyre, for now that Hyacinthus was gone, he turned to this o
lyre, for now that Hyacinthus was gone, he turned to this old friend for comfort. And he sang a song of love and mourning
this old friend for comfort. And he sang a song of love and mourning for the boy, so sadly beautiful that all the birds in
een glad to marry this maker of beautiful things, but Pygmalion cared for none of them. The women he created in marble seem
he passed his time singing at his work, and perfectly happy in living for that alone. At last, one day, a beautiful thought
tear himself away from the marble image. He named his statue Galatea, for he felt almost as though it were a real woman. Th
e could no longer sing at his work; in fact, he could no longer work, for he loved that fair image so dearly that he spent
oddess of love, would take pity on him; and since he could never care for any other woman, that she who could work such won
and slowly stepped down from the pedestal. She loved him, of course; for Venus had not only turned the marble to life, she
love. Pygmalion was very happy, and when he had given thanks to Venus for her great kindness to him, he and Galatea were ma
eetest singer in the world; therefore it was a very bold thing indeed for Pan to challenge him. Yet Apollo agreed to take p
d large dreamy eyes that seemed to have looked on the hills about him for hundreds of summers and winters. Midas, clothed i
as though a wild beast had been suddenly startled from its lair. Yet for the first time, the listeners found his music a l
began to play such sweet, heavenly music that all the listeners wept for joy. Even Pan threw down his flute before this wo
Pan’s music was far more beautiful than the sun god’s. To punish him for this stupid use of his ears, Apollo changed them
excitement the king locked himself in his royal chamber and then sent for the court barber. After making him swear to keep
ut his secret preyed on his mind until he could neither eat nor sleep for thinking of it; and yet he dared not confide it t
eeds whispered, and then they knew how Apollo had punished their king for his stupid judgment. But Midas could not have bla
ve blamed the barber, even if he had known about his midnight errand; for in truth the poor fellow had never breathed the s
ging; All the hearts of men were softened By the pathos of his music; For he sang of peace and freedom, Sang of beauty, lov
his, together with their one fiery eye, gave them a very fierce look. For these strange beings, instead of having two eyes,
see how he looked. It seemed to him that he looked very well indeed, for , of course, hugeness and shagginess and one flami
shagginess and one flaming eye formed the very highest type of beauty for a Cyclops. Then Polyphemus took his pipe of reeds
ep. You shall have sweet milk to drink and fresh white cheese to eat. For playmates you shall have the young deer and the h
ther rules over the blue sea in which you sport. Listen to my prayer, for I will make you happy. Come from your ocean home,
y. Come from your ocean home, oh whitest nymph, come unto me who long for you.” Thus sang Polyphemus. But Galatea was only
phemus. But Galatea was only frightened at the great, shaggy monster, for such he seemed to her, and at the roar of his awf
he shepherd was crushed under the heavy weight. Yet Acis did not die, for the gods changed him into a stream of we.cer, whi
finest wool, Which from our pretty lambs we pull; Fair lined slippers for the cold, With buckles of the purest gold; A bel
may thee move, Come, live with me and be my love. Thy silver dishes for thy meat, As precious as the gods do eat, Shall o
ious as the gods do eat, Shall on an ivory table be Prepared each day for thee and me. The shepherd swains shall dance and
d each day for thee and me. The shepherd swains shall dance and sing For thy delight each May morning: If these delights t
2 (1900) Myths of old Greece in story and song
e of the use made of the material on the subject. The poetry selected for this, as for the other books of the series, is su
made of the material on the subject. The poetry selected for this, as for the other books of the series, is suitable to the
ok. Instead, an index of the proper names has been placed at the end. For copyright selections in this volume, acknowledgem
Messrs. D. Appleton & Co., publishers of Bryant’s complete works, for permission to use the selection from “The Greek B
flin & Co., the only authorized publishers of Longfellow’s works, for permission to use the selection from “Pegasus in
brooks. Many of our garden flowers grow wild on the Grecian meadows, for the air is fresh and moist, and even the winters
y among themselves. They had few cares. They would even leave Olympus for days together, to make a visit somewhere, and the
the king of the underworld, came up to see what damage had been done; for he feared that the earth might have been so harme
lds. Then, indeed, Proserpina was frightened. She shrieked and called for her mother, but Ceres was far away, in Spain, car
d and called for her mother, but Ceres was far away, in Spain, caring for the crops of rye and barley and seeing that they
ina could see nothing at first, but Pluto gave a sigh of contentment, for his eyes were used only to this. Soon the poor li
over the whole region. It was the earth, through which they had come; for the sun never shines in the underworld, and there
nlight was unbearable, and he felt sure that it was very bad, indeed, for the eyes. Just then they passed a great river, an
great river, and Proserpina listened to hear the music of the water, for that was a sound she loved. But the murmur was no
that of earthly rivers. Somehow it made her shudder and shrink back, for it seemed to be all of sighs and groans. “That is
ddess Proserpina, who seemed like a sunbeam gone astray; and, indeed, for all his talk, Pluto thought her look and the ligh
always a little sad, and though she would eat nothing and often wept for her mother, Proserpina made the grim old palace s
the edge of the lake, where one of the poor little nymphs lay weeping for her lost playmate. She was terrified as she heard
n to grow were withering. Then all the farmers called, on the goddess for help, praying to her to pity the land and care fo
ed, on the goddess for help, praying to her to pity the land and care for its vegetation. But Ceres thought only of her los
Wind rushed down upon the country, bringing hail and frost and snow; for Ceres said, “Not one blade of grass, nor a leaf n
l she eat anything.” When Ceres heard that, she covered her face, and for a whole day sat speechless with grief, for she kn
she covered her face, and for a whole day sat speechless with grief, for she knew that the dark god was Pluto, the ruler o
owly up the path of stars to Olympus, where the gods of heaven dwell; for , she said, “My brother Jupiter, alone, can help m
rious hall, the gods and goddesses of heaven rose in courtesy to her, for Ceres was reverenced by all. Then they sat down a
the glorious hall, the gods ceased their smiling and became earnest, for they saw how the great earth-goddess was grieving
and Men, grant me justice! Compel Pluto to give me my daughter again, for he took her from me by force.” Then Jupiter bowed
ck to the earth and sat silent and alone, with covered head, mourning for her daughter. But on Olympus Jupiter sat long in
he other dwellers in the underworld think it the best of all seasons, for only during those months do they have their beaut
phone! Lo! one she marked of rarer growth    Than orchis or anemone: For it the maiden left them both,    And parted from
t, light, light!” she cries, “farewell;    The coal-black horses wait for me. O shade of shades, where I must dwell,    Dem
ntide.    “My life, immortal though it be,    Is naught,” she cries, “ for want of thee,    Persephone — Persephone! “Meado
er corn upon the lea    Droops in her goddess gloom when she    Cries for her lost Persephone. “From land to land she ragi
the winter men shivered and froze, and even the summer had its cares, for in the warmest and fairest days men were busy sav
ares, for in the warmest and fairest days men were busy saving stores for the winter which was to come. In those days there
in the winter months, he at once began to consider what could be done for them. First he taught them to build houses and ba
First he taught them to build houses and barns, and to store up grain for their own use and fodder for their flocks. Then h
houses and barns, and to store up grain for their own use and fodder for their flocks. Then he taught them to watch the st
and fodder for their flocks. Then he taught them to watch the stars, for by the stars the coming of winter can be foretold
y the stars the coming of winter can be foretold and men can be ready for it. After that men were more comfortable, but up
er. Men were more comfortable, but they were not happier than before, for after that day when Prometheus brought down the f
theus hung. “Listen, brother,” he said to the great suffering Titan. “ For all your pains and mine, men are little better of
and men shall have it.” But Prometheus said, “Do it not. Happiness is for the gods. The gifts of Olympus will harm men. Let
radiance filling the hall with happy daylight. Epimetheus was dazzled for a moment. Then he went forward and knelt at the f
“Speak,” said Jupiter. “What is it that you wish?” “Give me some gift for men, O Jupiter!” answered Epimetheus, bravely. “L
r turned to Vulcan and said: — “Make a box to hold the gift, and make for me a bearer to carry it.” Now Vulcan is the workm
and to mankind; but the box must never be opened. Let them take heed, for the joys of heaven will work evil if they are set
knew that it was the messenger of the gods, but he was slow to open, for he thought of what Prometheus had said of the dan
d box. “The gifts of heaven must not be set free on earth,” he said, “ for men are not strong enough to receive them.” Then,
f the birds, which seemed new and strange; and they felt ready to die for what is good and true. Ah, the wonderful box!
o fought to kill monsters and savage beasts. All mankind seemed then, for the first time, to be free and happy. Even Jupite
Epimetheus, “Would it be wrong, do you think, to raise the lid, just for a moment, to see what is inside? What do you supp
” But Epimetheus answered, sternly, “Do not dare to open it, Pandora, for the gods have forbidden it!” Pandora was silent,
ow what was in it! “Maybe there is some god imprisoned there, waiting for some one who will be brave enough to raise the li
d weeping. It was long before she could tell what had happened. Then, for many hours, they sat without a word to say. What
could come of talking? The evil was done. Next day it was even worse, for men came from the cities round about and told how
they would ask Epimetheus; and Pandora would answer, “I have done it, for I let out the spirits from the box.” “Can nothing
as called Hope. Those who heard it felt that life was good after all, for with all their troubles they could be brave and s
n he put them back into his quiver, taking care not to prick himself, for the golden arrows would make even a god fall in l
as just from the earth, where he had done a great service to mankind. For the swamps of Greece had produced a monstrous ser
on. All were destroyed, and at last the whole land prayed to the gods for aid in its peril. Then Apollo took his mighty and
atched the little god with contempt. “Are bows and arrows fit weapons for children?” he said. “Leave such weapons to me, wh
e chanced to see the beautiful nymph Daphne, who was about to set out for the hunt. Daphne was a daughter of the river-god
aphne?” he called. “Am I a wild beast — a lion or fierce tiger? Stop, for I will do you no harm. I am Apollo, the god of be
s if she were a hunted hare and Apollo the hound baying close behind, for each word of Apollo’s voice, sweet and flattering
om him I hate. Change my form, or let the earth swallow me up. Quick, for he is here.” Apollo also had seen the river, and
tree of all poets among men forever.” Then he turned sadly away, but for a long, long time afterward, the world was for hi
turned sadly away, but for a long, long time afterward, the world was for him a very lonely place. And as for Cupid, we do
ong time afterward, the world was for him a very lonely place. And as for Cupid, we do not hear that Apollo ever again trea
Cupid, we do not hear that Apollo ever again treated him with scorn, for he had felt his power. Cupid and the Bee. C
some little angry thing, Some serpent on a tiny wing — A bee it was —  for once, I know I heard a rustic call it so.” Thus h
had such music been heard upon earth. The birds would cease singing, for they preferred his songs to their own; the spirit
greed that never upon earth had been seen a nobler or a happier pair, for Orpheus and his bride were fair and tall, and loo
ny effort be made to burn well. “Bring other torches,” cried Orpheus, for the guests were dismayed at the evil omen. But th
he lesser gods and spirits of the world of shadows. The time had come for Orpheus to plead his cause. He struck upon the st
st he had been driven to come down into the underworld, not searching for glory or fame, nor to show his power or strength,
hing for glory or fame, nor to show his power or strength, but to beg for the spirit of Eurydice, whom the underworld would
ile Proserpina is away from you each year — but my sorrow is greater, for Eurydice is lost to me all the year. Think, O Pro
he face of majestic Ceres, your mother — such is my woe, and greater, for I had rather be here with her than there alone, a
tiful as a goddess of Olympus. “Take her, sweet singer,” said Pluto, “ for you have deserved her well; but have a care. If b
believe that it was true. He listened to hear her step — her breath — for he himself was breathing hard. There was not a so
es were still flashing fire. But Hercules soon put her fears to rest, for he tightened his grip, and laughing as if it were
to the floor. Alcmena gazed in wonder. She was even a little afraid, for it was clear that her son was no ordinary baby. S
afraid, for it was clear that her son was no ordinary baby. She sent for the aged seer Tiresias, and asked him what it all
She sent for the aged seer Tiresias, and asked him what it all meant, for Tiresias could tell future events. “Alcmena,” sai
hat is more than human. He will be a great sufferer and a great hero, for he will pass his whole life ridding the world of
world of plagues and monsters. Yes, and he will be more than a hero, for I foresee that when he comes to die, Jupiter will
a good mother, and after hearing that, she did all that was possible for her son. The boy was very carefully and sternly r
ew near. She was taller than Happiness, and even fairer to look upon, for the beauty of her face had a nobleness and streng
m debating, in his great heart. He remembered what Tiresias had said, for his mother, Alcmena, had told him. Then, lifting
me, he spent his days and nights inventing the hardest tasks he could for Hercules. The truth is that he was jealous of the
paused an instant. Then he sprang at the young hero. There was no use for weapons now. Hercules caught the monster by the n
n the end he served him as he had served the snakes in his baby days, for he squeezed the life quite out of the beast. Ever
d killed the lion, Hercules had to perform eleven other mighty labors for Eurystheus. These twelve tasks were called the “T
of them he had to conquer some fierce beast. He had even to bring up for a day the great three-headed dog, Cerberus, from
ell him. They advised him to seek out Nereus, the old man of the sea, for he could surely tell where the gardens were. Then
l where the gardens were. Then Hercules wandered far and wide looking for Nereus. He almost despaired of ever finding him,
near as quietly as he could and clasped him tightly about the waist, for Nereus must be conquered before he will talk. The
twinkling the god had disappeared in the depth of the sea. The search for Atlas was long and hard, and Hercules met with ma
rth. That was a hard fight, but Hercules finally came off victorious, for he held Antæus high in the air, and so strangled
Caucasus. There he found Prometheus, bound to a cliff, as he had been for ages, exposed to wind and snow and rain, and to t
e sky on his head with his mighty arms. A solemn old giant was Atlas, for it was not a joyous task to hold the earth and sk
s Atlas, for it was not a joyous task to hold the earth and sky apart for thousands and thousands of years; but he was kind
des, do you?” said Atlas. “You will do better to let me go after them for you. I know just where the gardens are, and besid
an get over the ground much more quickly. If you will hold the sky up for me, I will bring the golden apples in a few minut
could be so heavy. He wished he had gone after the apples himself. As for Atlas, he was glad to be rid of his burden, even
ples himself. As for Atlas, he was glad to be rid of his burden, even for a little while. He stretched his great, cramped l
again,” shouted the Titan. But the hero only laughed and walked away, for his work in the world was to perform the labors c
is, but Hercules continued to be patient and brave, doing great deeds for others to the very end of his life. Then Jupiter,
er,    To fountain and sea, To seek in their water    Some bright gem for thee. Where diamonds were sleeping.    Their spar
a shepherd leads his flock to green pastures. His kingdom prospered, for war and famine came not near his land, and the go
nd tattered, he was fairer to look upon than any mortal man. He asked for shelter, and begged that he might tend the king’s
took part in the games. He returned with many prizes, but he was sad, for he had seen Alcestis, the beautiful daughter of P
loved her deeply at first sight. He had asked Pelias if he might sue for Alcestis’ hand; and had been told that he might,
hter dearly, and thought by this condition to keep her with him long, for this was a task passing the power of mortal men.
” Then the king told him all, and said: — “Do I not of right despair, for how shall I live without Alcestis? But who can yo
” “Bring out the chariot before the palace gate,” said the stranger, “ for it may yet be done.” Then the shepherd went out i
sted and made merry and were glad. All loved Alcestis from the first, for she was as kind and gracious as she was beautiful
h a loss, but the stranger said: — “Call to me if ever you have need, for I will hear you always. I am Apollo.” When Admetu
beauty had vanished. Jupiter had compelled him to serve a mortal man for one year to atone for a fault, but now his time u
Jupiter had compelled him to serve a mortal man for one year to atone for a fault, but now his time upon earth was ended. T
stranger, close wrapped in dark robes, came to the palace and called for the king. When Admetus came, the stranger seized
other than the god Death, and he felt that his day of doom was come, for against Death no mortal means can help. No man ca
Apollo heard him and came. “If some one else will freely give up life for you,” said the god of light and song, “you shall
ought Admetus, “surely some one will be found among my friends to die for me — some old man, may be, who has not long to li
ar to death. But Alcestis prayed silently to Apollo in the night, and for the love she bore her husband she offered her own
night, and for the love she bore her husband she offered her own life for his. She vowed that she would rather die than be
y the fate of Admetus now rested upon Alcestis, and there was no hope for her. Deep grief fell upon all the land. The peopl
rning, he asked what they meant; but Admetus kept the truth from him, for he did not wish to burden him with needless sorro
if grief was written on his face. Yet he strove to hide his feelings, for Admetus had bidden him to give Hercules no hint o
and rid yourself of your sour looks.” “Ah, this is no time nor place for merrymaking,” said the servant, for he was beside
.” “Ah, this is no time nor place for merrymaking,” said the servant, for he was beside himself with grief now, and was no
h grief now, and was no longer able to keep silence. “This is no time for merrymaking!” he cried. “It is Alcestis who is de
re Alcestis was to be buried, then he was gone. He came just in time, for when he reached the place where they had buried h
in all the world. Death had to put Alcestis down. Then the two fought for her, Hercules crushing the icy, bloodless god in
ot at first tell Admetus who she was. She herself spoke never a word, for 'the shadow of death still hovered over her. “Tak
give, Oh, listen to a sculptor’s prayer,    And bid mine image live! For me the ivory and gold    That clothe her cedar fr
ires fade,    Immaculately pure: Exchange this endless life of art     For beauty that must die, And blossom with a beating
he chariot round from the west to the palace in the east, to be ready for sunrise. Phaëton was very proud of his divine ori
t he is not.” Phaëton heard these words with joy, and set out at once for the far distant east, where the sky comes down to
raise his head. His courage, however, did not fail. He stood waiting for his father to speak. “What is it that you wish, m
Indeed, I am not ashamed of you,” he said. “What proof do you wish? —  for you shall surely have it.” Then Phaëton, without
hout a moment’s pause, cried:“ Father, let me drive the sun’s chariot for one day.” When he heard this, Helios was sorry he
g lamp, and the rosy goddess of dawn had appeared. It was almost time for the sun-chariot to set out. Helios ordered the ho
Save Neptune, whose waters boil with the heat. Save your own kingdom, for Atlas is fainting and will soon let the very heav
their stables in the west. Next day there was no light in the world, for Helios spent the time with Clymene, mourning the
m; But it brought no food nor shelter,    Brought no straw nor stall, for him. Patiently, and still expectant,    Looked h
u shall live here as befits your rank.” So a great house was prepared for Danaë and she lived for several years not unhappi
its your rank.” So a great house was prepared for Danaë and she lived for several years not unhappily. King Polydectes love
of the king, and Perseus among them. At such a time it was the custom for each guest to bring a gift. Many a rich robe, man
the king, who had noticed all, said to Perseus: “Come and sit by me, for I value you no less because you come without a gi
me, then, the head of the Gorgon Medusa. That would be a great gift, for whoever looks on the Gorgon is changed at once to
wrap the head in his mantle was the work of a second. Then he started for the door, but the other Gorgons sprang up with a
swift golden wings were tireless and their scent was never deceived. For two days and nights they followed him close. Only
e hushed. In a few moments what a change! The king and queen now wept for joy. Rich sacrifices were offered to the gods of
rifices were offered to the gods of Ocean, and preparations were made for a great feast of thanksgiving. But Perseus sacrif
Cepheus cried to Perseus: — “What shall I give you, young hero? Ask, for you shall have it, even to the half of my kingdom
olydectes and was not moved by his threats. On the tenth day she went for safety to the temple of Minerva. When the king ca
to seek her, he found her there, sitting beside the altar. The king, for all his anger, dared do her no harm, for he feare
beside the altar. The king, for all his anger, dared do her no harm, for he feared the great goddess of wisdom; but he lef
ero, with his queenly mother and his beautiful bride, set out at last for Argos and Greece, where his own kingdom awaited h
  Of his own young wedded love. And, ah, too sure that arrow sped,     For pale at his feet he sees her lie; — “I die, I die
ord and a pair of sandals. I must leave you to-day, and you must care for our child alone. Keep him with you until he is ab
d the sword,” she said, “and go to Athens to your father, King Ægeus, for the time has come when I must lose you.” Next day
His grandfather and those of the court would have had him go by sea, for the way to Athens by land was full of dangers, bu
ad his first fight, and it was a hard one; but in the end the robber, for all his iron club, lay dead upon the ground, and
Where the fierce-hearted chief of the plundering clan    Lies in wait for the life of the wayfaring man:            There,
eal. Then he led him to the bedroom. Now, Procrustes had only one bed for strangers, and he made them all fit it. If they w
, and said: — “Drink, Theseus. Refresh yourself and be of good cheer, for the king loves you well.” Then Theseus took the w
goblet from his hand, and it fell with a crash upon the marble floor. For at that moment the king had recognized the sword
O Ægeus, and I got it by raising the great stone.” The old king wept for joy. But he would have slain Medea. The enchantre
ven beautiful maidens to feed the Minotaur. Thus do we pay King Minos for the death of his son.” “Tell me about it,” said T
any prizes and much honor, but some of his jealous rivals lay in wait for him after the celebrations and slew him. Then Kin
wice we have sent the awful tribute, and now lots must be drawn again for the third time.” Didst thou hear the voice of wo
ind. “Choose but six young men,” he said to those who drew the lots, “ for I will sail in the black ship with the men and th
dark vessel slowly disappearing in the distance, they lamented much. “ For how can even. Theseus, unarmed, slay the Minotaur
e as she was beautiful. That night Theseus paced up and down his room for many hours. He was thinking of the fight with the
y the beast now, fair princess,” he said. “All Athens shall thank you for this.” “But you do not know all the danger,” said
you would starve in the confusing paths. But you shall not, stranger, for I will save you from this danger also.” Then she
n, unwind this,” she said. “The way back will then be easy. Come now, for you must act quickly.” So Theseus and Ariadne wen
it, and hid her face in her hands. But now the Minotaur began to hunt for Theseus, and Theseus, as often as he heard the aw
it looked at him with its fierce, cunning, hungry eyes, he hated it, for it was like a beast, and was yet more like a crue
hough he were about to flee. The Minotaur gave a roar of triumph, and for a moment was off its guard. But in that moment Th
the goddess of wisdom and courage, and to Venus, the goddess of love, for it was these two who had given Theseus his lovely
apple in their midst upon the table. On the apple were these words: “ For the fairest.” Immediately a dispute arose, for qu
ple were these words: “For the fairest.” Immediately a dispute arose, for queenly Juno, and wise Minerva, and Venus, the go
of old King Priam, but he had been born under such an evil omen that, for the safety of the kingdom, Priam had been compell
s hand. Long before the sun went down, Paris was waiting in the grove for the coming of the goddesses. At last the crimson
ison, but he forgot her altogether when he saw these glorious beings, for the goddesses had come in all their splendor stra
warrior, and King Menelaus came from the Greeks and in due form asked for Helen. They promised to depart in peace, even the
, there was a strong army, but it dared not venture outside the gate, for fear of the mighty Achilles and his men. It happe
maiden came to the Grecian camp, bringing precious gifts as a ransom for his child, and beseeching Agamemnon to set her fr
beseeching Agamemnon to set her free. He did not obtain her, however, for the leader of the Greeks wished to keep her as hi
mp. Then the priest prayed to Apollo to take vengeance upon Agamemnon for the deed, and Apollo heard him. The god of light
k, but Achilles rose and said to him, “Speak freely and fear nothing, for I will defend you from harm, even though you shal
take Briseis, Achilles’ share of the plunder and his favorite slave. For this threat, Achilles would have slain Agamemnon,
d him and caught him by his golden hair, and said: — “Do him no harm, for you shall yet have justice done you.” So Achilles
the goddess mother of Achilles, went up to Olympus and prayed Jupiter for aid, and Jupiter took a great oath that she and h
said: — “Let us take our men and lead them to the help of the Greeks, for they are in sore need of aid. Many are slain and
gainst the valor of mighty Hector and his followers. All seemed lost, for the Greeks had only the sea behind them and could
s of Troy. Let the Greeks know the sorrows of defeat to the uttermost for the wrong Agamemnon has done me. Take, therefore,
followed the Trojan host out into the plain before the walls of Troy, for his courage was high and he was doing wonderful d
There in the plain he met the mighty Hector, but his power left him, for the god Apollo confused his mind, and Hector pier
the dead body of their brave companion. Hector retired from the fight for a time, to put on the armor of Achilles: then he
ndeed, I have had my revenge, mother, and the Greeks have paid dearly for the wrong Agamemnon did me; but what is it all wo
y enemies. Would that there were no such thing in the world as wrath, for at first it is sweeter than honey, but in the end
their pursuit of the Greeks and returned within their own walls, and, for that day, again the camp was saved. Meanwhile
d her gladly and asked her what she wished., “Make me a suit of armor for my son, O Vulcan,” said Thetis, “for he is sorely
ished., “Make me a suit of armor for my son, O Vulcan,” said Thetis, “ for he is sorely in need of it to fight against the T
gainst mighty Hector.” Vulcan was pleased that he could do this thing for Thetis. He hobbled away willingly to his workshop
ly he took up his spear, which no one but he could wield, and set out for the Grecian camp and the assembly of the chiefs.
rds, was touched, and said: — “I, also, was in the wrong, O Achilles, for the goddess of strife clouded my eyes, that I sho
battle lasted, and all the day Achilles moved along the line, looking for Hector. Once they met for a moment, but the god A
day Achilles moved along the line, looking for Hector. Once they met for a moment, but the god Apollo, who loved Hector, c
and snatched him away out of the front of battle, and Achilles looked for his foe in vain. Toward evening a panic came upon
s. Hector came last of all, and would not go in, but stood and waited for Achilles. His father, King Priam, besought him in
nd waited for Achilles. His father, King Priam, besought him in vain, for Hector said, “Who knows but that I may slay him,
said, “Who knows but that I may slay him, though he is so great? And for me, it were better to die than to live in shame b
t his great body, but the heart of Achilles was still sore with grief for Patroclus. He fastened thongs to the ankles of th
hting about Troy was renewed, and it seemed that the city must yield, for the Trojans had lost courage; but upon a certain
madness is this?” he cried. “Do you believe that the Greeks are gone? For my part, I fear the Greeks even when they offer g
the shore. He was trembling with fright, and at first could not speak for fear. When at last he found his voice, he told a
rget the Greeks,” said the king. “From this time be a Trojan.” Sinon, for that was his name, seemed to weep tears of joy. “
ll tell you all,” said the deceitful Sinon. “The Greeks have not gone for good. It is true they have gone to Greece, but th
rge and heavy so that you might not be able to take it into the city, for if you should drag it within your walls, Troy wou
our walls, Troy would never fall. This horse would be a new Palladium for you.” Just then a wondrous thing happened. Across
inking. The soldiers took off their armor and rejoiced with the rest, for the war seemed at an end. But beautiful Queen Hel
ships of royal Menelaus and sailed back to Sparta. Her heart was sad for all the grief and death she had caused. But up in
d Minerva, the goddess of courage and wisdom, were sternly contented, for their wrath had triumphed. Cassandra. Troy-
sea! Come, come, my bride, to dwell with me. Immortal pleasures wait for thee. Come, come!” She heard but that one call,  
ay let me die ere to thy charms    I lend,” saith she, “an ear again. For what to me the sound of lyre,    And what thy lov
o that,” the maiden said. And sadly-slow the god withdrew,    Sighing for one already dead. For to the god the thing was do
id. And sadly-slow the god withdrew,    Sighing for one already dead. For to the god the thing was done,    The houses burn
eece, a hurricane caught them and drove them far out of their course. For nine days the storm raged, and when it cleared aw
the milk and stored it away, but he put aside the most of it in bowls for his supper. Then, first, he noticed Ulysses and h
the sound of that great voice, but Ulysses answered’: “We are Greeks. For ten years we fought under King Agamemnon at Troy,
Jupiter, help us.” “What think you that the Cyclops Polyphemus cares for Jupiter?” roared the giant, and seizing two of Ul
rably.” That whole night Ulysses and his men sat, sleeplessly waiting for the day. At dawn, Polyphemus awoke, milked his fl
ment and escape. In the evening, Polyphemus returned with his flocks. For his supper, he again killed two of Ulysses’ men a
e Cyclops’ great eye. The monster awoke roaring with pain, and called for his friends, the other Cyclops. They soon came. “
ho eat the strangers within your gates, Jupiter has made you pay well for your cruelty.” In his rage Polyphemus tore the wh
hed you so.” “My father, Neptune, the god of ocean, will make you pay for this, Ulysses,” said Polyphemus, and he cast anot
ds of heaven, except the west wind, which was to bear the fleet home. For nine days the ships sailed before this wind, and
es upon the hillsides. It was their home. They sailed slowly, waiting for the day, and a deep sleep came upon Ulysses, worn
ng Æolus. Æolus had been kind, but now he refused to do anything more for them, and sternly ordered them to leave. Sadly th
a beautiful and fertile land, but it brought terrible woe to Ulysses, for the people were savages and attacked the fleet in
, and all followed her, except Eurylochus, who was suspicious. Circe, for that was the name of the goddess, led the men int
nto the great hall, and with a show of gracious hospitality, prepared for them what seemed a refreshing drink. But when the
allowed in the mire, not contentedly, like real swine, but in misery, for they still had the minds of men. Eurylochus waite
n misery, for they still had the minds of men. Eurylochus waited long for his friends, but at last returned to the ship alo
ife, and the fair enchantress, trembling, fell at his feet and begged for mercy. Her evil power was at an end. The swine we
but whoever hears the song turns his boat to the shore and is slain, for the sweet-voiced Sirens are monsters. Ulysses’ me
drowned, excepting Ulysses. He clung to a log and escaped their fate. For nine days he drifted about, but on the tenth he w
land, but she helped Ulysses build a raft, and brought him provisions for the voyage. Then, drawing the raft down to the se
down to the sea, he pushed off, and started at last on his way home, for the gods were now favorable. Neptune, it is true,
for the gods were now favorable. Neptune, it is true, was still angry for the harm done to Polyphemus, his son, and he ship
acia; but the Phæacians, when they knew him, received him like a god, for his deeds before Troy were well known to them. Th
ails, Come hither to me and to me: Mariner, mariner, furl your sails, For here are the blissful downs and dales, And merril
patiently, hoping always to see her husband return and take control, for in those days a strong arm was needed at the head
s, and Telemachus was still too young to enforce the respect due her. For a time the queen would not hear of their offers o
of them, came to her and said: — “Choose one of us and delay no more, for Ulysses is long since dead. Your son, Telemachus,
Telemachus, is now almost a man, so long has it been. Consider well, for we all shall remain in the palace until you make
ke the choice.” “Wait but until I finish this robe which I am weaving for Laertes,” said Penelope; “then I will choose.” Bu
at night she unraveled all that she had woven. Thus she put them off for three years more. Then her servants betrayed her,
her, and she was obliged to set about finishing it. She still hoped, for Ulysses might return before the work was done, an
gifts in a cave near by, told him how much his home had need of him. “ For years these lawless men have been rioting in your
that his good son, Telemachus, will perish, too. He has gone to Pylos for news of his father, and even now the suitors are
h me well, that we may act together.” Next morning Telemachus set out for the palace, as his father commanded. The suitors
the servants to put the hall in order and to tell Penelope the news, for by this time all had recognized him. When every s
it was he. “Son,” said Ulysses, “let us leave her to her own thoughts for a while. She will know me when I have put off the
86. Alcest΄is (al-ses΄tis). Daughter of Pelias, 98; wife of Admetus, for whom she died, 106; was rescued by Hercules, 109.
f health and disease. Slew the Python, 58; served Admetus as shepherd for a year, 101; loved Daphne, 60, (and Cassandra, 21
f Proserpina, 15; goddess of agriculture, 14; she searched six months for Proserpina, whom Pluto had stolen, 24-30. Cha΄ro
men. God of marriage, 67. Hyperbo΄reans. A race of men distinguished for their piety and their perfect happiness. Inhabite
because of the choice of Paris, who gave to Venus the apple intended “ for the fairest,” 176. Ju΄piter, or Jove. Called by
taur was confined, 160. Laer΄tes (la-er΄teez). Ulysses’ father, 224, for whom Penelope was weaving a robe, 237. Læstrygo΄n
Leio΄des (li-o΄deez). Suitor of Penelope, 244. Lib΄ya. Ancient name for northern Africa, 90. Li΄nus. Son of Apollo. Teac
because of the choice of Paris, who gave to Venus the apple intended “ for the fairest,” 176; aided Perseus, 130; kept watch
212. It was here that Pans, who had been cast forth to die, was cared for by kind shepherds, 171. Myr΄midons. The soldiers
; was called upon to judge who should have the golden apple intended “ for I the fairest,” 172; carried off Helen to Troy, 1
the wedding, Discord threw among the guests a golden apple inscribed “ For the Fairest,” 170. Pe΄lias (pe΄li-as). King of I
er of Alcestis, 98. Penel΄ope (pe-nel΄o-pe). Wife of Ulysses. Famous for her fidelity. Persecuted by suitors, she remained
e dead, 28, 236. She put off the suitors by the stratagem of the robe for Laertes, 87. Pexe΄us. A river god; father of Dap
. Polyde c΄tes (pol-y-dec΄teez). King of the island of Seriphus, who for a time cared for Danaë and Perseus, but afterward
pol-y-dec΄teez). King of the island of Seriphus, who for a time cared for Danaë and Perseus, but afterward persecuted Danaë
; mother of Cupid, 64; received from Paris the golden apple intended “ for the fairest,” 176; rewarded Paris by giving him H
3 (1855) The Age of Fable; or, Stories of Gods and Heroes
s happier and better can be called useful, then we claim that epithet for our subject. For Mythology is the handmaid of lit
ter can be called useful, then we claim that epithet for our subject. For Mythology is the handmaid of literature; and lite
med by so many sciences of facts and things that little can be spared for set treatises on a science of mere fancy. But may
e ancient poets in translations? We reply, the field is too extensive for a preparatory course; and these very translations
t it to the purposes of reference, and make it a Classical Dictionary for the parlor. Most of the classical legends in this
are derived from Ovid and Virgil. They are not literally translated, for , in the author’s opinion, poetry translated into
rose is very unattractive reading. Neither are they in verse, as well for other reasons as from a conviction that to transl
nd conversation. Having chosen mythology as connected with literature for our province, we have endeavored to omit nothing
ing which the reader of elegant literature is likely to find occasion for . Such stories and parts of stories as are offensi
no mortification in confessing his ignorance of them. Our book is not for the learned, nor for the theologian, nor for the
onfessing his ignorance of them. Our book is not for the learned, nor for the theologian, nor for the philosopher, but for
of them. Our book is not for the learned, nor for the theologian, nor for the philosopher, but for the reader of English li
for the learned, nor for the theologian, nor for the philosopher, but for the reader of English literature, of either sex,
ste. There they still hold their place, and will continue to hold it, for they are too closely connected with the finest pr
ing either Mount Olympus, the abode of the gods, or Delphi, so famous for its oracle. The circular disk of the earth was cr
ll work in Olympus. He built of brass the houses of the gods; he made for them the golden shoes with which they trod the ai
riven.” The representations given of Saturn are not very consistent; for on the one hand his reign is said to have been th
n. The thunder was his weapon, and he bore a shield called Ægis, made for him by Vulcan. The eagle was his favorite bird, a
ung him out of heaven. Other accounts say that Jupiter kicked him out for taking part with his mother in a quarrel which oc
the gods. All were charmed with her beauty, and each one demanded her for his wife. Jupiter gave her to Vulcan, in gratitud
e demanded her for his wife. Jupiter gave her to Vulcan, in gratitude for the service he had rendered in forging thunderbol
and providing him and all other animals with the faculties necessary for their preservation. Epimetheus undertook to do th
, a shelly covering to a third, etc. But when man came to be provided for , who was to be superior to all other animals, Epi
nd brought down fire to man. With this gift man was more than a match for all other animals. It enabled him to make weapons
made her, and sent her to Prometheus and his brother, to punish them for their presumption in stealing fire from heaven; a
ish them for their presumption in stealing fire from heaven; and man, for accepting the gift. The first woman was named Pan
had in his house a jar, in which were kept certain noxious articles, for which, in fitting man for his new abode, he had h
n which were kept certain noxious articles, for which, in fitting man for his new abode, he had had no occasion. Pandora wa
e cover and looked in. Forthwith there escaped a multitude of plagues for hapless man, — such as gout, rheumatism, and coli
ude of plagues for hapless man, — such as gout, rheumatism, and colic for his body, and envy, spite, and revenge for his mi
out, rheumatism, and colic for his body, and envy, spite, and revenge for his mind, — and scattered themselves far and wide
, hope only excepted. This story seems more probable than the former; for how could hope, so precious a jewel as it is, hav
h. The forest had not yet been robbed of its trees to furnish timbers for vessels, nor had men built fortifications round t
rds, spears, or helmets. The earth brought forth all things necessary for man, without his labor in ploughing or sowing. Pe
ails to the wind, and the trees were torn from the mountains to serve for keels to ships, and vex the face of ocean. The ea
. The birds fall with weary wing into the water, having found no land for a resting-place. Those living beings whom the wat
nnot, let us seek yonder temple, and inquire of the gods what remains for us to do.” They entered the temple, deformed as i
ime by Prometheus, if he had been willing to submit to his oppressor; for he possessed a secret which involved the stabilit
ot, or in the chariot race was crowned with a wreath of beech leaves; for the laurel was not yet adopted by Apollo as his o
him, “What have you to do with warlike weapons, saucy boy? Leave them for hands worthy of them. Behold the conquest I have
one Apollo, through the heart. Forthwith the god was seized with love for the maiden, and she abhorred the thought of lovin
oe. Do not fly me as a lamb flies the wolf, or a dove the hawk. It is for love I pursue you. You make me miserable, for fea
a dove the hawk. It is for love I pursue you. You make me miserable, for fear you should fall and hurt yourself on these s
e my wife,” said he, “you shall assuredly be my tree. I will wear you for my crown; I will decorate with you my harp and my
up the triumphal pomp to the Capitol, you shall be woven into wreaths for their brows. And, as eternal youth is mine, you a
province, may. The poet Armstrong, himself a physician, thus accounts for it: — “Music exalts each joy, allays each grief,
verses, though they did not soften the heart of his mistress, yet won for the poet wide-spread fame: — “Yet what he sung i
ey conversed by signs and glances, and the fire burned more intensely for being covered up. In the wall that parted the two
od near a cool spring. All was agreed on, and they waited impatiently for the sun to go down beneath the waters and night t
to disappoint her lover, stepped cautiously forth, looking anxiously for the youth, eager to tell him the danger she had e
nd the scabbard empty of its sword. “Thy own hand has slain thee, and for my sake,” she said. “I too can be brave for once,
hand has slain thee, and for my sake,” she said. “I too can be brave for once, and my love is as strong as thine. I will f
once, and my love is as strong as thine. I will follow thee in death, for I have been the cause; and death which alone coul
hou, tree, retain the marks of slaughter. Let thy berries still serve for memorials of our blood.” So saying she plunged th
p, is reminded of the wall that separated Thisbe and her lover: — “O for that Lamp’s metallic gauze,     That curtain of p
anging the woods and hills unaccompanied by any one, needing no help, for his javelin was a sure weapon in all cases. Fatig
concealed some fair nymph of mortal mould — as was, indeed the case; for it was Io, the daughter of the river god Inachus,
are called the Syrinx or Pandean pipes. Argus listened with delight, for he had never seen the instrument before. “Young m
, “come and take a seat by me on this stone. There is no better place for your flocks to graze in than hereabouts, and here
strains, hoping to lull the watchful eyes to sleep, but all in vain; for Argus still contrived to keep some of his eyes op
nk of the river, where he overtook her, and she had only time to call for help on her friends the water nymphs. They heard
rrived at last on the banks of the Nile. At length Jupiter interceded for her, and upon his promising not to pay her any mo
t of the heifer, except her beauty. At first she was afraid to speak, for fear she should low, but gradually she recovered
. Her hands grew rounded, became armed with crooked claws, and served for feet; her mouth, which Jove used to praise for it
oked claws, and served for feet; her mouth, which Jove used to praise for its beauty, became a horrid pair of jaws; her voi
e, and stood upright as well as she could, lifting up her paws to beg for mercy, and felt that Jove was unkind, though she
o marry her, and put me away! But you, my foster-parents, if you feel for me, and see with displeasure this unworthy treatm
apons are wet with the blood of our victims; we have had sport enough for one day, and to-morrow we can renew our labors. N
orned with art, but nature had counterfeited art in its construction, for she had turned the arch of its roof with stones a
er nymphs, she yet turned half away, and sought with a sudden impulse for her arrows. As they were not at hand, she dashed
iends and fellow-huntsmen cheered on the dogs, and looked every where for Actæon, calling on him to join the sport. At the
not with impunity. When I was young, my father, who had grown too old for active labors, sent me to Lycia to drive thence s
tar to me; it would revive me, and I would own myself indebted to you for life itself. Let these infants move your pity, wh
ants move your pity, who stretch out their little arms as if to plead for me;’ and the children, as it happened, were stret
ins to the bottom of the sea, that it might be a secure resting-place for his beloved. Byron alludes to Delos in his Don Ju
ime I behold his light. But it needs not much labor to go and inquire for yourself; the land whence the Sun rises lies next
ings, and silver the doors. The workmanship surpassed the material; 4 for upon the walls Vulcan had represented earth, sea,
ther. He approached the paternal presence, but stopped at a distance, for the light was more than he could bear. Phœbus, ar
r most solemn engagements.” Phaëton immediately asked to be permitted for one day to drive the chariot of the sun. The fath
careful driving. Tethys, who is waiting to receive me, often trembles for me lest I should fall headlong. Add to all this,
of a fatal gift; recall your request while yet you may. Do you ask me for a proof that you are sprung from my blood? I give
oof that you are sprung from my blood? I give you a proof in my fears for you. Look at my face — I would that you could loo
. 6 And now I leave you to your chance, which I hope will plan better for you than you have done for yourself. Night is pas
your chance, which I hope will plan better for you than you have done for yourself. Night is passing out of the western gat
knows not how to guide them; nor, if he knew, has he the power. Then, for the first time, the Great and Little Bear were sc
ins burned, Athos and Taurus and Tmolus and Œte; Ida, once celebrated for fountains, but now all dry; the Muses’ mountain H
fe Doris, with the Nereids, their daughters, sought the deepest caves for refuge. Thrice Neptune essayed to raise his head
nd. Is this the reward of my fertility, of my obedient service? Is it for this that I have supplied herbage for cattle, and
, of my obedient service? Is it for this that I have supplied herbage for cattle, and fruits for men, and frankincense for
e? Is it for this that I have supplied herbage for cattle, and fruits for men, and frankincense for your altars? But if I a
ave supplied herbage for cattle, and fruits for men, and frankincense for your altars? But if I am unworthy of regard, what
Save what yet remains to us from the devouring flame. O, take thought for our deliverance in this awful moment!” Thus spoke
lightnings. But at that time not a cloud was to be found to interpose for a screen to earth, nor was a shower remaining une
ed him and cooled his burning frame. The Italian Naiads reared a tomb for him, and inscribed these words upon the stone: —
s. Midas recognized him, and treated him hospitably, entertaining him for ten days and nights with an unceasing round of jo
h dire punishment if he presumed to disobey. But he found it too much for his discretion to keep such a secret; so he went
lers, at many a door, seeking rest and shelter, but found all closed, for it was late, and the inhospitable inhabitants wou
, and the inhospitable inhabitants would not rouse themselves to open for their reception. At last a humble mansion receive
le by moderate desires and kind dispositions. One need not look there for master or for servant; they two were the whole ho
desires and kind dispositions. One need not look there for master or for servant; they two were the whole household, maste
in the garden, and she shred them from the stalks, and prepared them for the pot. He reached down with a forked stick a fl
, and put it in the pot to boil with the herbs, setting away the rest for another time. A beechen bowl was filled with warm
oing, they beguiled the time with conversation. On the bench designed for the guests was laid a cushion stuffed with sea-we
t, was set on the table. Some wine, not of the oldest, was added; and for dessert, apples and wild honey; and over and abov
sts, fell on their knees, and with clasped hands implored forgiveness for their poor entertainment. There was an old goose,
ir guests. But the goose, too nimble, with the aid of feet and wings, for the old folks, eluded their pursuit, and at last
astened to a joist, But with the upside down, to show Its inclination for below; In vain, for a superior force, Applied at
But with the upside down, to show Its inclination for below; In vain, for a superior force, Applied at bottom, stops its co
threatens to follow their example. Now do you, if you have any regard for your own interest or mine, join these two in one.
hem, when Pluto saw her, loved her, and carried her off. She screamed for help to her mother and companions; and when in he
e was out in the field, gathering acorns and blackberries, and sticks for his fire. His little girl was driving home their
er; I have lost mine.” As she spoke, tears — or something like tears, for the gods never weep — fell down her cheeks upon h
ppies. As they entered the cottage, they found all in great distress, for the boy seemed past hope of recovery. Metanira, h
family were delighted — that is, the father, mother, and little girl, for they were all; they had no servants. They spread
t her, and mounting her chariot rode away. Ceres continued her search for her daughter, passing from land to land, and acro
mph would have told the goddess all she had witnessed, but dared not, for fear of Pluto; so she only ventured to take up th
s were the only growth. Seeing this, the fountain Arethusa interceded for the land. “Goddess,” said she, “blame not the lan
ngly to yield a passage to your daughter. I can tell you of her fate, for I have seen her. This is not my native country; I
d delighted in the chase. They praised my beauty, but I cared nothing for it, and rather boasted of my hunting exploits. On
nd gained upon me, as my strength failed. At last, exhausted, I cried for help to Diana. ‘Help me, goddess! help your votar
monarch of the realms of the dead.” When Ceres heard this, she stood for a while like one stupefied; then turned her chari
d tide! Each lost in each, till mingling into one, Their lot the same for shadow or for sun, A type of true love, to the de
ost in each, till mingling into one, Their lot the same for shadow or for sun, A type of true love, to the deep they run.”
brated picture by Albano, at Milan, called a Dance of Loves: — “’Tis for the theft of Enna’s flower from earth These urchi
tiful island in the river, a solitary spot, uninhabited, and not used for pasturage of cattle, nor ever visited by any but
ached his palate when he found himself agitated with a longing desire for the water. He could no longer restrain himself, b
her, saying such things as he thought most likely to win her to stay; for she turned to run immediately on the sight of him
Triton ranks higher than I. Once I was a mortal, and followed the sea for a living; but now I belong wholly to it.” Then he
ieve the pain I suffer. The power of herbs I know as well as any one, for it is to them I owe my change of form. I love Scy
tent herbs, if they are more prevailing, not to cure me of my love, —  for that I do not wish, — but to make her share it an
ake her share it and yield me a like return.” To which Circe replied, for she was not insensible to the attractions of the
dignant, but she could not punish him, neither did she wish to do so, for she liked him too well; so she turned all her wra
aucus’s account of his feelings after his “sea-change:” — “I plunged for life or death. To interknit One’s senses with so
d timidly said, “Ye gods, who can do all things, give me, I pray you, for my wife” — he dared not say “my ivory virgin,” bu
outhful daring,     And understood my heart’s quick sound. Then lived for me the bright creation,     The silver rill with
and was overgrown with myrtles. They were intending to gather flowers for forming garlands for the altars of the nymphs, an
h myrtles. They were intending to gather flowers for forming garlands for the altars of the nymphs, and Dryope carried her
e husband of Dryope, with her father, approached; and when they asked for Dryope, Iole pointed them to the new-formed lotus
arewell, dear husband, and sister, and father. If you retain any love for me, let not the axe wound me, nor the flocks bite
e to feel, lift up my child that I may kiss him. I can speak no more, for already the bark advances up my neck, and will so
lips ceased to move, and life was extinct; but the branches retained for some time longer the vital heat.   Keats, in End
, and Amathos, rich in metals. She absented herself even from heaven, for Adonis was dearer to her than heaven. Him she fol
him the story of Atalanta and Hippomenes, who were changed into lions for their ingratitude to her. Having given him this w
hunt, followed him in his excursions in the mountains, and neglected for him his lyre and his arrows. One day they played
s flowers to the earth, so the head of the dying boy, as if too heavy for his neck, fell over on his shoulder. “Thou diest,
by me. Thine is the suffering, mine the crime. Would that I could die for thee! But since that may not be, thou shalt live
that this is purple and that silvery white.7 And this was not enough for Phœbus; but to confer still greater honor, he mar
wife, and devotedly attached to him. Now Ceyx was in deep affliction for the loss of his brother, and direful prodigies fo
aster gave the word to take in sail, but the storm forbade obedience, for such is the roar of the winds and waves his order
ies were coming down to unite with the sea. When the lightning ceases for a moment, the night seems to add its own darkness
nks of Halcyone. No name but hers is on his lips, and while he yearns for her, he yet rejoices in her absence. Presently th
e hand that used to grasp the sceptre, holds fast to a plank, calling for help, — alas, in vain, — upon his father and his
all the gods she offers frequent incense, but more than all to Juno. For her husband, who was no more, she prayed incessan
The goddess, at length, could not bear any longer to be pleaded with for one already dead, and to have hands raised to her
elf free from himself, and leaning on his arm, enquired her errand, —  for he knew who she was. She answered, “Somnus, gentl
events of the wreck.” Having delivered her message, Iris hasted away, for she could not longer endure the stagnant air, and
tarting up, she gazed eagerly around, to see if he was still present, for the servants, alarmed by her cries, had brought a
of them were changed into birds. They mate and have their young ones. For seven placid days, in winter time, Halcyone brood
e winds and keeps them from disturbing the deep. The sea is given up, for the time, to his grandchildren.   The following l
led her in love of the garden and the culture of fruit. She cared not for forests and rivers, but loved the cultivated coun
ed country, and trees that bear delicious apples. Her right hand bore for its weapon not a javelin, but a pruning-knife. Ar
they possessed to win her, and so would old Sylvanus, who looks young for his years, and Pan, who wears a garland of pine l
ng, and handles your apples with admiration. But now he cares nothing for fruits nor flowers, nor any thing else, but only
h exclamations of pity raised him and carried him home to his mother, for his father was not living. She received the dead
urners met the ears of her whom the avenging deity had already marked for punishment. “‘Let us see this sad procession,’ sa
uries are great; infuse into the bosom of that haughty girl a passion for some low, mean, unworthy being, so that she may r
e oracle of Apollo, and received this answer: “The virgin is destined for the bride of no mortal lover. Her future husband
onsent. On the contrary he charged her to make no attempt to see him, for it was his pleasure, for the best of reasons, to
e charged her to make no attempt to see him, for it was his pleasure, for the best of reasons, to keep concealed. “Why shou
equal than adore me as a god.” This reasoning somewhat quieted Psyche for a time, and while the novelty lasted she felt qui
t your husband is a terrible and monstrous serpent, who nourishes you for a while with dainties that he may by and by devou
n he is sound asleep, slip out of bed, bring forth your lamp, and see for yourself whether what they say is true or not. If
sisters were gone, their words and her own curiosity were too strong for her to resist. So she prepared her lamp and a sha
ound. Cupid, beholding her as she lay in the dust, stopped his flight for an instant and said, “O foolish Psyche, is it thu
h, pretending to grieve, those spiteful creatures inwardly rejoiced. “ For now,” said they, “he will perhaps choose one of u
antity of wheat, barley, millet, vetches, beans, and lentils prepared for food for her pigeons, and said, “Take and separat
wheat, barley, millet, vetches, beans, and lentils prepared for food for her pigeons, and said, “Take and separate all the
ne you have enticed.” So saying, she threw her a piece of black bread for her supper and went away. Next morning Venus orde
erous flood, nor venture among the formidable rams on the other side, for as long as they are under the influence of the ri
ou have any capacity to make yourself useful. But I have another task for you. Here, take this box and go your way to the i
, ‘My mistress Venus desires you to send her a little of your beauty, for in tending her sick son she has lost some of her
ck son she has lost some of her own.’ Be not too long on your errand, for I must paint myself with it to appear at the circ
licious banquet that was offered her, but contented with coarse bread for her food, she delivered her message from Venus. P
of Cupid and Psyche is usually considered allegorical. The Greek name for a butterfly is Psyche, and the same word means th
which is purified by sufferings and misfortunes, and is thus prepared for the enjoyment of true and pure happiness. In work
ed her through the world, — Love’s worshipper, —     To seek on earth for him whose home was heaven! “In the full city, — 
in dark disguise to-night Hath our young heroine veiled her light; — For see, she walks the earth, Love’s own.     His wed
r, and not to return without her. Cadmus went and sought long and far for his sister, but could not find her, and not darin
offer a sacrifice to Jupiter, he sent his servants to seek pure water for a libation. Near by there stood an ancient grove
is folds, and others with his poisonous breath. Cadmus, having waited for the return of his men till midday, went in search
onster. Cadmus next threw his javelin, which met with better success, for it penetrated the serpent’s scales, and pierced t
e says, — “You have the letters Cadmus gave, Think you he meant them for a slave?” Milton, describing the serpent which
t in Illyria changed Hermione and Cadmus, nor the god In Epidaurus.” For an explanation of the last allusion, see Epidauru
e. Yet there are many individuals whom I previously knew, that I look for now in vain. What has become of them?” Æacus groa
l remedies; but it soon appeared that the pestilence was too powerful for our efforts, and we yielded. At the beginning the
settle down upon the earth, and thick clouds shut in the heated air. For four months together a deadly south wind prevaile
lled, and the dry mouth stood open with its veins enlarged and gasped for the air. Men could not bear the heat of their clo
, they heated the spot where they lay. Nor could the physicians help, for the disease attacked them also, and the contact o
ve way to every inclination, and cared not to ask what was expedient, for nothing was expedient. All restraint laid aside,
. It is sacred to Jupiter. O how many offered prayers there, husbands for wives, fathers for sons, and died in the very act
upiter. O how many offered prayers there, husbands for wives, fathers for sons, and died in the very act of supplication! H
the very act of supplication! How often, while the priest made ready for sacrifice, the victim fell, struck down by diseas
or sacrifice, the victim fell, struck down by disease without waiting for the blow! At length all reverence for sacred thin
down by disease without waiting for the blow! At length all reverence for sacred things was lost. Bodies were thrown out un
ed things was lost. Bodies were thrown out unburied, wood was wanting for funeral piles, men fought with one another for th
ried, wood was wanting for funeral piles, men fought with one another for the possession of them. Finally there were none l
ter. The siege had now lasted six months and the city still held out, for it was decreed by fate that it should not be take
ever see Minos again. And yet no doubt it is sometimes the best thing for a city to be conquered, when the conqueror is cle
o you my country and my father’s house. I ask no reward but yourself; for love of you I have done it. See here the purple l
you leave me? — me who have given you victory, — who have sacrificed for you parent and country! I am guilty, I confess, a
ay see him dart down upon her, with beak and claws, to take vengeance for the ancient crime. Echo and Narcissus. E
forfeit the use of that tongue with which you have cheated me, except for that one purpose you are so fond of — reply. You
to converse! but it was not in her power. She waited with impatience for him to speak first, and had her answer ready. One
the boat to catch a look of itself in the waters. The nymphs mourned for him, especially the water-nymphs; and when they s
on its stem so as always to face the sun throughout its daily course; for it retains to that extent the feeling of the nymp
reign of Cecrops, the first king of Athens, the two deities contended for the possession of the city. The gods decreed that
with a goddess. On the contrary, I advise you to ask her forgiveness for what you have said, and as she is merciful perhap
d dame with anger in her countenance. “Keep your counsel,” said she, “ for your daughters or handmaids; for my part I know w
nce. “Keep your counsel,” said she, “for your daughters or handmaids; for my part I know what I say, and I stand to it. I a
es back upon the shore she was leaving, and to call to her companions for help. She appeared to shudder with terror at the
her head grew smaller yet; her fingers cleaved to her side and served for legs. All the rest of her is body, out of which s
. “O, then beware Arachne’s fate;     Be prudent, Chloe, and submit, For you’ll most surely meet her hate,     Who rival b
o all this let me add I have seven sons and seven daughters, and look for sons-in-law and daughters-in-law of pretensions w
ughters-in-law of pretensions worthy of my alliance. Have I not cause for pride? Will you prefer to me this Latona, the Tit
one deny this? My abundance is my security. I feel myself too strong for Fortune to subdue. She may take from me much; I s
bow, — like a boatman who sees the storm gathering and makes all sail for the port, — gave the rein to his horses and attem
re now forgotten, unless when recalled to mind by some wit like Moore for the sake of a joke. Chapter XV. The Grææ or G
“I come as a guest. If you honor illustrious descent, I claim Jupiter for my father; if mighty deeds, I plead the conquest
he attempted to thrust him out. Perseus, finding the giant too strong for him, said, “Since you value my friendship so litt
f the serpent. She was so pale and motionless that if it had not been for her flowing tears and her hair that moved in the
tears and her hair that moved in the breeze, he would have taken her for a marble statue. He was so startled at the sight
have hid her face with her hands; but when he repeated his questions, for fear she might be thought guilty of some fault wh
to embrace the victim. Then spoke Perseus: “There will be time enough for tears; this hour is all we have for rescue. My ra
rseus: “There will be time enough for tears; this hour is all we have for rescue. My rank as the son of Jove and my renown
ded its attacks by means of his wings. Wherever he can find a passage for his sword between the scales he makes a wound, pi
eus and Andromeda, repaired to the palace, where a banquet was spread for them, and all was joy and festivity. But suddenly
ilant ran and took shelter behind the altar. But his act was a signal for an onset by his band upon the guests of Cepheus.
rage on the rights of hospitality. Perseus and his friends maintained for some time the unequal contest; but the numbers of
the unequal contest; but the numbers of the assailants were too great for them, and destruction seemed inevitable, when a s
etching out his hands to Perseus, but turning his head away he begged for mercy. “Take all,” said he, “give me but my life.
ror, as possessing immense strength and ferocity, which they employed for the injury and annoyance of men. Some of them wer
ust be supposed not to be altogether disproportioned to human beings, for they mingled in love and strife with them. But th
rd. At another time the giants attempted to climb up into heaven, and for that purpose took up the mountain Ossa and piled
s, which Minerva invented, and taught Vulcan and his Cyclopes to make for Jupiter. The Sphinx. Laius, king of Thebes,
herself down from the rock and perished. The gratitude of the people for their deliverance was so great that they made Œdi
on’s. It made great havoc in Lycia, so that the king, Iobates, sought for some hero to destroy it. At that time there arriv
er Polyidus, who advised him to procure if possible the horse Pegasus for the conflict. For this purpose he directed him to
dvised him to procure if possible the horse Pegasus for the conflict. For this purpose he directed him to pass the night in
ld by a needy poet and put to the cart and the plough. He was not fit for such service, and his clownish master could make
irithous. Chiron was instructed by Apollo and Diana, and was renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine, music, and the ar
him, and at sight of the child burst forth into a prophetic strain, ( for she was a prophetess,) foretelling the glory that
on’s skin, and carried them to Eurystheus.   Milton uses the Pygmies for a simile, P. L. Book I.: —                “—— li
iffins. They found gold in the mountains and built their nests of it, for which reason their nests were very tempting to th
. Jason was pleased with the thought, and forthwith made preparations for the expedition. At that time the only species of
nst their producer. Jason accepted the conditions, and a time was set for making the experiment. Previously, however, he fo
alled the goddess to witness his oath. Medea yielded, and by her aid, for she was a potent sorceress, he was furnished with
hem to drag the plough. The Colchians were amazed; the Greeks shouted for joy. Jason next proceeded to sow the dragon’s tee
an to brandish their weapons and rush upon Jason. The Greeks trembled for their hero, and even she who had provided him a w
d taught him how to use it, Medea herself, grew pale with fear. Jason for a time kept his assailants at bay with his sword
ion which Medea had supplied. At the smell he relaxed his rage, stood for a moment motionless, then shut those great round
rk; Whose keel of wondrous length the skilful hand Of Argus fashioned for the proud attempt; And in the extended keel a lof
d the sphere celestial,” etc. Hercules left the expedition at Mysia, for Hylas, a youth beloved by him, having gone for wa
e expedition at Mysia, for Hylas, a youth beloved by him, having gone for water, was laid hold of and kept by the nymphs of
ght rambled the boy over meadow and mount,     And neglected his task for the flowers in the way. “Thus many like me, who
rns all as empty as mine.” Medea and Æson. Amid the rejoicings for the recovery of the Golden Fleece, Jason felt tha
, “My spouse, would that your arts, whose power I have seen so mighty for my aid, could do me one further service, take som
and to Tellus the goddess of the earth, by whose power plants potent for enchantment are produced. She invoked the gods of
istant regions, where potent plants grew which she knew how to select for her purpose. Nine nights she employed in her sear
en. These with many other things “without a name” she boiled together for her purposed work, stirring them up with a dry ol
as in his youthful days, forty years before. Medea used her arts here for a good purpose, but not so in another instance, w
ept him out of his kingdom. Yet he must have had some good qualities, for his daughters loved him, and when they saw what M
s, for his daughters loved him, and when they saw what Medea had done for Æson, they wished her to do the same for their fa
they saw what Medea had done for Æson, they wished her to do the same for their father. Medea pretended to consent, and pre
hters of Pelias saw the experiment with delight, and appointed a time for their father to undergo the same operation. But M
father to undergo the same operation. But Medea prepared her caldron for him in a very different way. She put in only wate
however, but had little enjoyment of the fruits of her crime. Jason, for whom she had done so much, wishing to marry Creus
, put away Medea. She, enraged at his ingratitude, called on the gods for vengeance, sent a poisoned robe as a gift to the
without a name. There is another story of Medea almost too revolting for record even of a sorceress, a class of persons to
r seek to hide thy damned parricide     Where Peace and Justice dwell for evermore?” Chapter XVIII. Meleager and Atala
rth. Althea seized and quenched the brand, and carefully preserved it for years, while Meleager grew to boyhood, youth, and
n; but Meleager called on the heroes of Greece to join in a bold hunt for the ravenous monster. Theseus and his friend Piri
thrown down and slain. Jason throws his spear, with a prayer to Diana for success; and the favoring goddess allows the weap
a projecting root, falls prone. But an arrow from Atalanta at length for the first time tastes the monster’s blood. It is
ffenders’ hearts. As Althea bore gifts of thankfulness to the temples for the victory of her son, the bodies of her murdere
and beats her breast, and hastens to change the garments of rejoicing for those of mourning. But when the author of the dee
of punishment! turn to behold the sacrifice I bring! Crime must atone for crime. Shall Œneus rejoice in his victor son, whi
unavenged among the shades? No! thou hast lived by my gift; die, now, for thine own crime. Return the life which twice I ga
so much sorrow was a maiden whose face you might truly say was boyish for a girl, yet too girlish for a boy. Her fortune ha
whose face you might truly say was boyish for a girl, yet too girlish for a boy. Her fortune had been told, and it was to t
men, and devoted herself to the sports of the chase. To all suitors ( for she had many) she imposed a condition which was g
race. “Can it be possible that any will be so rash as to risk so much for a wife?” said he. But when he saw her lay aside h
so much for a wife?” said he. But when he saw her lay aside her robe for the race, he changed his mind, and said, “Pardon
and said, “Pardon me, youths, I knew not the prize you were competing for .” As he surveyed them he wished them all to be be
he virgin, said, “Why boast of beating those laggards? I offer myself for the contest.” Atalanta looked at him with a pityi
empt one so young and handsome to throw himself away? I pity him, not for his beauty (yet he is beautiful,) but for his you
mself away? I pity him, not for his beauty (yet he is beautiful,) but for his youth. I wish he would give up the race, or i
he hesitates, revolving these thoughts, the spectators grow impatient for the race, and her father prompts her to prepare.
repare. Then Hippomenes addressed a prayer to Venus: “Help me, Venus, for you have led me on.” Venus heard and was propitio
de. She looked at it, and hesitated; Venus impelled her to turn aside for it. She did so, and was vanquished. The youth car
had a herd of three thousand oxen, whose stalls had not been cleansed for thirty years. Hercules brought the rivers Alpheus
fficult labor of all was getting the golden apples of the Hesperides, for Hercules did not know where to find them. These w
es encountered him, and finding that it was of no avail to throw him, for he always rose with renewed strength from every f
eus, his admirer and imitator, who had been detained a prisoner there for an unsuccessful attempt to carry off Proserpine.
ules in a fit of madness killed his friend Iphitus, and was condemned for this offence to become the slave of Queen Omphale
d was condemned for this offence to become the slave of Queen Omphale for three years. While in this service the hero’s nat
y came to a river, across which the Centaur Nessus carried travellers for a stated fee. Hercules himself forded the river,
r sacrifices to the gods in honor of his victory, he sent to his wife for a white robe to use on the occasion. Dejanira, th
I am the ruler of a loyal people, and that my son enjoys your favor. For although your interest in him arises from his nob
er black sails, as usual, which Theseus promised his father to change for white, in case of his returning victorious. When
iadne as the companion of his way, with his rescued companions sailed for Athens. On their way they stopped at the island o
os, where Theseus abandoned Ariadne, leaving her asleep.13 His excuse for this ungrateful treatment of his benefactress was
eads, containing the sacred utensils, cakes, and all things necessary for the sacrifices. The procession formed the subject
, now backward, in its course to the sea. Dædalus built the labyrinth for King Minos, but afterwards lost the favor of the
f the air. I will try that way.” So he set to work to fabricate wings for himself and his young son Icarus. He wrought feat
er young ones from the lofty nest into the air. When all was prepared for flight he said, “Icarus, my son, I charge you to
he said, “Icarus, my son, I charge you to keep at a moderate height, for if you fly too low the damp will clog your wings,
s, and his hands trembled. He kissed the boy, not knowing that it was for the last time. Then rising on his wings, he flew
rothers were successful in recovering their sister. Castor was famous for taming and managing horses, and Pollux for skill
sister. Castor was famous for taming and managing horses, and Pollux for skill in boxing. They were united by the warmest
war with Idas and Lynceus. Castor was slain, and Pollux, inconsolable for the loss of his brother, besought Jupiter to be p
er, besought Jupiter to be permitted to give his own life as a ransom for him. Jupiter so far consented as to allow the two
ele. Juno, to gratify her resentment against Semele, contrived a plan for her destruction. Assuming the form of Beroë, her
t. The god would have stopped her as she spake, but she was too quick for him. The words escaped, and he could neither unsa
ge to the Nisæan nymphs, who nourished his infancy and childhood, and for their care were rewarded by Jupiter by being plac
roached his native city Thebes, Pentheus the king, who had no respect for the new worship, forbade its rites to be performe
ir fishing rods and nets and their fisherman’s trade. This I followed for some time, till growing weary of remaining in one
and how to guide my course by the stars. It happened as I was sailing for Delos we touched at the island of Dia and went as
hed at the island of Dia and went ashore. Next morning I sent the men for fresh water, and myself mounted the hill to obser
oble youth, perhaps a king’s son, and they might get a liberal ransom for him. I observed his dress, his walk, his face. Th
I know not, but some one there certainly is. Pardon us, gentle deity, for the violence we have done you, and give success t
, and give success to our undertakings.’ Dictys, one of my best hands for climbing the mast and coming down by the ropes, a
eader of the sailor’s cry, one and all exclaimed, ‘Spare your prayers for us.’ So blind is the lust of gain! When they proc
by clinging to the ropes. The rest approved the deed. “Then Bacchus ( for it was indeed he) as if shaking off his drowsines
sail in the opposite direction, and take the boy to Egypt to sell him for a slave. I was confounded and said, ‘Let some one
ne of them, exclaiming, ‘Don’t flatter yourself that we depend on you for our safety;’ took any place as pilot, and bore aw
r own accord and the chains fell from his limbs, and when they looked for him he was nowhere to be found. Pentheus would ta
ose whose occupations caused them to pass through the woods by night, for the gloom and loneliness of such scenes dispose t
Schiller, in his poem Die Gotter Griechenlands, expresses his regret for the overthrow of the beautiful mythology of ancie
d it overtopped the other trees as they overtopped the shrubbery. But for all that, Erisichthon saw no reason why he should
thon. She nodded her assent, and as she bowed her head the grain ripe for harvest in the laden fields bowed also. She plann
liver him over to Famine. As Ceres herself could not approach Famine, for the Fates have ordained that these two goddesses
e power of my gifts drive her away. Be not alarmed at the distance,” ( for Famine dwells very far from Ceres,) “but take my
wn tight, so as to show all her bones. As the Oread saw her afar off ( for she did not dare to come near,) she delivered the
and complained of hunger even while he ate. What would have sufficed for a city or a nation, was not enough for him. The m
ate. What would have sufficed for a city or a nation, was not enough for him. The more he ate the more he craved. His hung
hat burns all the fuel that is heaped upon it, yet is still voracious for more. His property rapidly diminished under the u
ssume that of a fisherman busy at his occupation. Her master, looking for her and seeing her in her altered form, addressed
lieve any woman or other person except myself to have been hereabouts for some time.” He was deceived and went his way, thi
By this base method the starving father procured food; but not enough for his wants, and at last hunger compelled him to de
t of perishing with the tree, came and expressed her gratitude to him for having saved her life and bade him ask what rewar
ived him of sight. Our countryman, J. R. Lowell, has taken this story for the subject of one of his shorter poems. He intro
outh and beauty still, As the immortal freshness of that grace Carved for all ages on some Attic frieze.” The Water Dei
ea, who was loved by the Cyclops Polyphemus. Nereus was distinguished for his knowledge and his love of truth and justice,
eus was also a son of Neptune. He, like Nereus, is styled a sea-elder for his wisdom and knowledge of future events. His pe
he aid of Chiron the Centaur, Peleus succeeded in winning the goddess for his bride and their son was the renowned Achilles
well, in this enchanted cover, Egeria! all thy heavenly bosom beating For the far footsteps of thy mortal lover; The purple
ried to play the lover’s part, but met with poor success. It was hard for him to breathe gently, and sighing was out of the
“Ye delicate! who nothing can support (Yourselves most insupportable) for whom The winter rose must blow, * *              
comforting myself with the thought of the greatness of my conqueror, for it was Hercules. Perhaps you have heard of the fa
hat royal Juno owes me no enmity nor punishes me with heavy tasks. As for this man, who boasts himself the son of Jove, it
f Jove, it is either a false pretence, or disgraceful to him if true, for it cannot be true except by his mother’s shame.’
had said, to yield. I threw off my green vesture and presented myself for the struggle. He tried to throw me, now attacking
, now my body. My bulk was my protection, and he assailed me in vain. For a time we stopped, then returned to the conflict.
e on the earth and my mouth in the dust. “Finding that I was no match for him in the warrior’s art, I resorted to others an
at he condemned him as a punishment to become the servant of a mortal for the space of one year. Accordingly Apollo went in
nto the service of Admetus, king of Thessaly, and pastured his flocks for him on the verdant banks of the river Amphrysos.
dant banks of the river Amphrysos. Admetus was a suitor, with others, for the hand of Alcestis, the daughter of Pelias, who
stis, the daughter of Pelias, who promised her to him who should come for her in a chariot drawn by lions and boars. This t
not so. Brave warriors, who would willingly have perilled their lives for their prince, shrunk from the thought of dying fo
rilled their lives for their prince, shrunk from the thought of dying for him on the bed of sickness; and old servants who
at the palace of Admetus, and found all the inmates in great distress for the impending loss of the devoted wife and belove
it at the door of the chamber of the dying queen, and when Death came for his prey, he seized him and forced him to resign
le and faint.” J. R. Lowell has chosen the Shepherd of King Admetus for the subject of a short poem. He makes that event
dition of the “Seven against Thebes,” which furnished ample materials for the epic and tragic poets of Greece. Amphiaraus,
. Amphiaraus, the brother-in-law of Adrastus, opposed the enterprise, for he was a soothsayer, and knew by his art that no
wished I might have died With my poor father; wherefore should I ask For longer life? O, I was fond of misery with him; E’
in marriage, and won her, over all competitors. When the moment came for the bride to leave her father’s house, Icarius, u
suitors, from whom there seemed no refuge but in choosing one of them for her husband. Penelope, however, employed every ar
and. Penelope, however, employed every art to gain time, still hoping for Ulysses’ return. One of her arts of delay was eng
n. One of her arts of delay was engaging in the preparation of a robe for the funeral canopy of Laertes, her husband’s fath
s the famous Penelope’s web, which is used as a proverbial expression for any thing which is perpetually doing but never do
of the under world, to whom all we who live must come, hear my words, for they are true. I come not to spy out the secrets
the very ghosts shed tears. Tantalus, in spite of his thirst, stopped for a moment his efforts for water, Ixion’s wheel sto
s. Tantalus, in spite of his thirst, stopped for a moment his efforts for water, Ixion’s wheel stood still, the vulture cea
rawing water in a sieve, and Sisyphus sat on his rock to listen. Then for the first time, it is said, the cheeks of the Fur
he air! Dying now a second time, she yet cannot reproach her husband, for how can she blame his impatience to behold her? “
ed to follow her, and besought permission to return and try once more for her release; but the stern ferryman repulsed him
heus gazes as much as he will upon her, no longer incurring a penalty for a thoughtless glance.   The story of Orpheus has
rpheus has furnished Pope with an illustration of the power of music, for his Ode for St. Cecilia’s Day The following stanz
urnished Pope with an illustration of the power of music, for his Ode for St. Cecilia’s Day The following stanza relates th
eeper. Man avails himself of the instincts of the inferior animals for his own advantage. Hence sprang the art of keepin
casionally the carcass of a dead animal would be occupied by the bees for that purpose. It was no doubt from some such inci
ollowing story, shows how this supposed fact may be turned to account for renewing the swarm when it has been lost by disea
son of the water-nymph Cyrene. His bees had perished, and he resorted for aid to his mother. He stood at the river side and
herd of sea-calves he pastures. We nymphs hold him in great respect, for he is a learned sage and knows all things, past,
nd chain him, he will answer your questions in order to get released, for he cannot by all his arts get away if you hold fa
hat do you want of me?” Aristæus replied, “Proteus, you know already, for it is needless for any one to attempt to deceive
me?” Aristæus replied, “Proteus, you know already, for it is needless for any one to attempt to deceive you. And do you als
ve the merited reward of your deeds, by which Eurydice met her death, for in flying from you she trod upon a serpent, of wh
ies knitting The loose train of thy amber-dropping hair;       Listen for dear honor’s sake,       Goddess of the silver la
ord and took their places in the wall. See Tennyson’s poem of Amphion for an amusing use made of this story. Linus. L
re was to be a musical contest in Sicily, and Arion longed to compete for the prize. He told his wish to Periander, who bes
ent, won the prize, and embarked with his wealth in a Corinthian ship for home. On the second morning after setting sail, t
. “Have you heard any thing of Arion?” he inquired. “I anxiously look for his return.” They replied, “We left him well and
ives, the master of the lay! Kind Heaven protects the poet’s life. As for you, I invoke not the spirit of vengeance; Arion
  Stood still, by him astonished at his lore, And all the raging seas for joy forgot to roar.” Byron, in his Childe Harol
n into convulsions, and the magistrates forbade a like representation for the future.   Ibycus, the pious poet, was on his
he exclaimed, “my companions from across the sea. I take your company for a good omen. We come from far and fly in search o
to the lyre, and not to the strife of arms, sank powerless. He called for help on men and gods, but his cry reached no defe
d some private enemy slay him? The all-discerning sun alone can tell, for no other eye beheld it. Yet not improbably the mu
the throng, and enjoys the fruits of his crime, while vengeance seeks for him in vain. Perhaps in their own temple’s enclos
freely in this throng of men that now presses into the amphitheatre. For now crowded together, row on row, the multitude f
nquet. In order to diversify his theme, Simonides, who was celebrated for his piety, introduced into his poem the exploits
d Scopas bestowed but half the expected sum, saying, “Here is payment for my portion of thy performance; Castor and Pollux
of thy performance; Castor and Pollux will doubtless compensate thee for so much as relates to them.” The disconcerted poe
nxious to see him. Simonides hastened to the door, but looked in vain for the visitors. Scarcely, however, had he left the
uins. On inquiring as to the appearance of the young men who had sent for him, Simonides was satisfied that they were no ot
, took care that his fortunes should not suffer by his inactive life, for she made his flock increase, and guarded his shee
e in Endymion the young poet, his fancy and his heart seeking in vain for that which can satisfy them, finding his favorite
eam of fields divine. Innumerable mountains rise, and rise, Ambitious for the hallowing of thine eyes, And yet thy benedict
n the sky. Though their number was seven, only six stars are visible, for Electra, one of them, it is said left her place t
it is said left her place that she might not behold the ruin of Troy, for that city was founded by her son Dardanus. The si
ensued between him and the son of Aurora; at length victory declared for Achilles, Memnon fell, and the Trojans fled in di
thy with her grief, spread the heaven with clouds; all nature mourned for the offspring of the Dawn. The Æthiopians raised
d celebrate his obsequies in like manner. Aurora remains inconsolable for the loss of her son. Her tears still flow, and ma
cape from crevices or caverns in the rocks may have given some ground for the story. Sir Gardner Wilkinson, a late travelle
er and mother loved him dearly, but their love was not equal to mine. For the beautiful youth attached himself to me alone,
so much did the Cyclops seek mine; and if you ask me whether my love for Acis or my hatred of Polyphemus was the stronger,
e himself, learned to feel what love was, and, touched with a passion for me, forgot his flocks and his well-stored caverns
a passion for me, forgot his flocks and his well-stored caverns. Then for the first time he began to take some care of his
ead themselves around. Laying down his staff, which would have served for a mast to hold a vessel’s sail, and taking his in
ouched him, it overwhelmed him. “All that fate left in my power I did for Acis. I endowed him with the honors of his grandf
very foolish thing; she entered into competition with Juno and Venus for the prize of beauty. It happened thus: At the nup
goddess threw a golden apple among the guests, with the inscription, “ For the fairest.” Thereupon Juno, Venus, and Minerva
ches, Minerva glory and renown in war, and Venus the fairest of women for his wife, each attempting to bias his decision in
len, the wife of Menelaus, was the very woman whom Venus had destined for Paris, the fairest of her sex. She had been sough
ould no longer refuse to fulfil his promise. Being now himself gained for the undertaking, he lent his aid to bring in othe
he was there, went disguised as a merchant to the palace and offered for sale female ornaments, among which he had placed
the state. These forebodings seemed at length likely to be realized, for the Grecian armament now in preparation was the g
cond only to Achilles in all the qualities of a hero; Ulysses, famous for his sagacity; and Nestor, the oldest of the Greci
the oldest of the Grecian chiefs, and one to whom they all looked up for counsel. But Troy was no feeble enemy. Priam, the
ver reluctant, yielded his consent, and the maiden Iphigenia was sent for under the pretence that she was to be married to
roots.   Wordsworth has taken the story of Protesilaus and Laodamia for the subject of a poem. It seems the oracle had de
    Of Hellespont (such faith was entertained) A knot of spiry trees for ages grew     From out the tomb of him for whom s
ned) A knot of spiry trees for ages grew     From out the tomb of him for whom she died;     And ever when such stature the
blight!” The Iliad. The war continued without decisive results for nine years. Then an event occurred which seemed l
ot voluntarily abandon the enterprise. Yet there was room enough left for chance to excite by turns the hopes and fears of
ht put upon their charms by Paris, were hostile to the Trojans; Venus for the opposite cause favored them. Venus enlisted h
yield the maiden, the cause of the dispute, with ample gifts to atone for the wrong he had done. Agamemnon consented, and U
sed to return to the field, and persisted in his resolution to embark for Greece without delay. The Greeks had constructed
d driving back the Trojans, Jupiter saw nothing of what was going on, for his attention had been drawn from the field by th
recian calamities. He reminded him also how, at the time of departing for Troy, Achilles and himself had been charged by th
iend, and to guide his inexperience. “Now,” said Nestor, “is the time for such influence. If the gods so please, thou mayes
ented so far as to grant Patroclus his request to lead the Myrmidons ( for so were Achilles’ soldiers called) to the field,
mor and mounted the chariot of Achilles, and led forth the men ardent for battle. But before he went, Achilles strictly cha
sight of the well-known armor, struck with terror, looked everywhere for refuge. First those who had got possession of the
to save his body from the foe, expired. Then a furious contest arose for the possession of the corpse. The Greeks succeede
his spear. He fell mortally wounded. Then arose a tremendous conflict for the body of Patroclus, but his armor was at once
d. The lightning flashed, the thunder roared, and Ajax, looking round for some one whom he might despatch to Achilles to te
ith the intelligence of Patroclus’s death, and of the conflict raging for his remains. The Greeks at last succeeded in bear
eard the fate of his friend with such distress that Antilochus feared for a while that he would destroy himself. His groans
promised him, if he would but wait till the morrow, she would procure for him a suit of armor from Vulcan more than equal t
ed to Vulcan’s palace. She found him busy at his forge making tripods for his own use, so artfully constructed that they mo
ned to comply with her wishes. He fabricated a splendid suit of armor for Achilles, first a shield adorned with elaborate d
s. Then Achilles went forth to battle inspired with a rage and thirst for vengeance that made him irresistible. The bravest
n him, when Neptune, who looked out upon the contest, moved with pity for Æneas, who he saw would surely fall a victim if n
he battle. Achilles, when the mist cleared away, looked round in vain for his adversary, and acknowledging the prodigy, tur
llo had not, in the form of Agenor, Priam’s son, encountered Achilles for a while, then turned to fly, and taken the way ap
le went to this day’s contest, where so many have fallen, seek safety for myself against a single foe? But what if I offer
herself her country ruined, herself a captive, and her son dependent for his bread on the charity of strangers. When Achil
m draw forth his litter and place in it the various articles designed for a ransom to Achilles. When all was ready, the old
ad, one more than all the rest the strength of my age, whom, fighting for his country, thou hast slain. I come to redeem hi
e ransom with me. Achilles! reverence the gods! recollect thy father! for his sake show compassion to me!” These words move
riam, I know that thou hast reached this place conducted by some god, for without aid divine no mortal even in his prime of
and unloaded of its charge the litter, leaving two mantles and a robe for the covering of the body, which they placed on th
endants, having first pledged himself to allow a truce of twelve days for the funeral solemnities. As the litter approached
ause or abatement of their grief. The next day preparations were made for the funeral solemnities. For nine days the people
ief. The next day preparations were made for the funeral solemnities. For nine days the people brought wood and built the p
m, perhaps on the occasion of the truce which was allowed the Trojans for the burial of Hector. He was captivated with her
lo, wounded Achilles in the heel, the only vulnerable part about him. For Thetis his mother had dipped him when an infant i
n its leaves the first two letters of the name of Ajax, Ai, the Greek for “woe.” Thus Ajax is a claimant with the boy Hyaci
the Greek for “woe.” Thus Ajax is a claimant with the boy Hyacinthus for the honor of giving birth to this flower. There i
the nymph Œnone, whom he had married when a youth, and had abandoned for the fatal beauty Helen. Œnone, remembering the wr
g Greeks then betook themselves to their ships and sailed away, as if for a final departure. The Trojans, seeing the encamp
orse was the chief object of curiosity. All wondered what it could be for . Some recommended to take it into the city as a t
u not learned enough of Grecian fraud to be on your guard against it? For my part, I fear the Greeks even when they offer g
them that it was a propitiatory offering to Minerva, and made so huge for the express purpose of preventing its being carri
the express purpose of preventing its being carried within the city; for Calchas the prophet had told them that if the Tro
ve him, though she had yielded to the might of Venus and deserted him for another. After the death of Paris she aided the G
er husband, and they were among the first to leave the shores of Troy for their native land. But having incurred the disple
le and a basket on wheels. The basket was to hold the wool and spools for the queen’s work.   Dyer, in his poem of the Fle
s Helen; no uncourtly gift.” Milton also alludes to a famous recipe for an invigorating draught, called Nepenthe, which t
his return was expected, she with her paramour, Ægisthus, laid a plan for his destruction, and at the banquet given to cele
the Furies from the abyss, And round Orestes bade them howl and hiss, For that unnatural retribution, — just, Had it but be
es and Electra, on his return from Phocis. Orestes, mistaking Electra for one of the domestics, and desirous of keeping his
ship. Sailing thence, they were overtaken by a storm which drove them for nine days along the sea till they reached the cou
the wild productions of the island and on what their flocks yielded, for they were shepherds. Ulysses left the main body o
t anchor, and with one vessel went to the Cyclopes’ island to explore for supplies. He landed with his companions, carrying
lies. He landed with his companions, carrying with them a jar of wine for a present, and coming to a large cave they entere
ould not draw. Next he sat down and milked his ewes, preparing a part for cheese, and setting the rest aside for his custom
ked his ewes, preparing a part for cheese, and setting the rest aside for his customary drink. Then, turning round his grea
ter him. When he was gone Ulysses planned how he might take vengeance for his murdered friends, and effect his escape with
ons. He made his men prepare a massive bar of wood cut by the Cyclops for a staff, which they found in the cave. They sharp
.” He took and drank it, and was hugely delighted with it, and called for more. Ulysses supplied him once again, which plea
tance Ulysses shouted out, “Cyclops, the gods have well requited thee for thy atrocious deeds. Know it is Ulysses to whom t
pitable king Æolus to their commander. Tempted to secure some portion for themselves, they loosed the string, when immediat
ed his men to ply their oars vigorously, and they escaped. With grief for their slain companions mixed with joy at their ow
d by lions, tigers, and wolves, not fierce, but tamed by Circe’s art, for she was a powerful magician. These dreadful anima
on her with fury in his countenance. She fell on her knees and begged for mercy. He dictated a solemn oath that she would r
his bonds.   The imagination of a modern poet, Keats, has discovered for us the thoughts that passed through the brains of
hant, addressing the sorceress in human language, thus: — “I sue not for my happy crown again; I sue not for my phalanx on
man language, thus: — “I sue not for my happy crown again; I sue not for my phalanx on the plain; I sue not for my lone, m
y happy crown again; I sue not for my phalanx on the plain; I sue not for my lone, my widowed wife; I sue not for my ruddy
alanx on the plain; I sue not for my lone, my widowed wife; I sue not for my ruddy drops of life, My children fair, my love
liff, from whence she was accustomed to thrust forth her long necks, ( for she had six heads,) and in each of her mouths to
d of the Sun without stopping, but his companions so urgently pleaded for the rest and refreshment that would be derived fr
eople kept their oath, but contrary winds detained them at the island for a month, and after consuming all their stock of p
ysses, they slew some of the cattle, vainly attempting to make amends for the deed by offering from them a portion to the o
ed Ulysses with the means of constructing a raft, provisioned it well for him, and gave him a favoring gale. He sped on his
him, and gave him a favoring gale. He sped on his course prosperously for many days, till at length, when in sight of land,
Calypso’s isles,     The sister tenants of the middle deep;     There for the weary still a haven smiles,     Though the fa
ceased to weep,     And o’er her cliffs a fruitless watch to keep      For him who dared prefer a mortal bride.     Here too
th and lived in the enjoyment of it undisturbed by the alarms of war, for as they dwelt remote from gain-seeking man, no en
y was not far distant, and that it would be but a prudent preparation for that event to have a general washing of the cloth
eral washing of the clothes of the family. This was no slight affair, for the fountains were at some distance, and the garm
ther readily assented and ordered the grooms to furnish forth a wagon for the purpose. The clothes were put therein, and th
gins at sight of him fled in all directions, Nausicaa alone excepted, for her Minerva aided and endowed with courage and di
t the fair object (whether queen or goddess he professed he knew not) for food and clothing. The princess replied courteous
he told them, was an unhappy wanderer, whom it was a duty to cherish, for the poor and stranger are from Jove. She bade the
or and stranger are from Jove. She bade them bring food and clothing, for some of her brother’s garments were among the con
the city she desired that he would no longer be seen in her company, for she feared the remarks which rude and vulgar peop
ich were a farm and garden belonging to the king. After allowing time for the princess and her companions to reach the city
ty, on approaching which he met a young woman bearing a pitcher forth for water. It was Minerva, who had assumed that form.
the king. The maiden replied respectfully, offering to be his guide; for the palace, she informed him, stood near her fath
o grind the corn, others to wind off the purple wool or ply the loom. For the Phæacian women as far exceeded all other wome
his supplies. Ulysses stood gazing in admiration, unobserved himself, for the cloud which Minerva spread around him still s
g, he seated himself in the manner of suppliants, at the hearth side. For a time none spoke. At last an aged statesman, add
ses and led him to a seat, displacing thence his own son to make room for the stranger. Food and wine were set before him a
t day he would call them to council to consider what had best be done for the stranger. When the guests had departed and Ul
st their proficiency in manly sports, and all went forth to the arena for games of running, wrestling, and other exercises.
and ill, Took from him sight, but gave him strains divine.” He took for his theme the “Wooden Horse,” by means of which t
y. This narrative raised the sympathy and admiration of the Phæacians for their guest to the highest pitch. The king propos
s.” Fate of the Suitors. Ulysses had now been away from Ithaca for twenty years, and when he awoke he did not recogn
an a hundred nobles of Ithaca and of the neighboring islands had been for years suing for the hand of Penelope, his wife, i
les of Ithaca and of the neighboring islands had been for years suing for the hand of Penelope, his wife, imagining him dea
sent to the palace to inform Penelope privately of her son’s arrival, for caution was necessary with regard to the suitors,
an mortal. But Ulysses announced himself as his father, and accounted for the change of appearance by explaining that it wa
ogether how they should get the better of the suitors and punish them for their outrages. It was arranged that Telemachus s
him insulted, or beaten, not to interpose otherwise than he might do for any stranger. At the palace they found the usual
er of her suitors so long that there seemed to be no further pretence for delay. The continued absence of her husband seeme
e whose arrow was sent through the whole twelve was to have the queen for his prize. A bow that one of his brother heroes h
moment, of putting them to an improper use. All things being prepared for the trial, the first thing to be done was to bend
spoke Ulysses, humbly suggesting that he should be permitted to try; for , said he, “beggar as I am, I was once a soldier,
itors hooted with derision, and commanded to turn him out of the hall for his insolence. But Telemachus spoke up for him, a
o turn him out of the hall for his insolence. But Telemachus spoke up for him, and, merely to gratify the old man, bade him
thout allowing them time to express their astonishment, he said, “Now for another mark!” and aimed direct at the most insol
prang to the side of Ulysses. The suitors, in amazement, looked round for arms, but found none, neither was there any way o
round for arms, but found none, neither was there any way of escape, for Eumæus had secured the door. Ulysses left them no
substance they had squandered, whose wife and son they had persecuted for ten long years; and told them he meant to have am
orld. Push off, and sitting well in order smite The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset, and t
ant of the conquered people, under their chief Æneas, in their search for a new home, after the ruin of their native city.
roaming over the plain. They slew as many as they wished and prepared for a feast. But no sooner had they seated themselves
words and dealt vigorous blows among the monsters, but to no purpose, for they were so nimble it was almost impossible to h
owards their destined shore, felt her old grudge against them revive, for she could not forget the slight that Paris had pu
ne, hearing the storm raging, and knowing that he had given no orders for one, raised his head above the waves, and saw the
the gale. Knowing the hostility of Juno, he was at no loss to account for it, but his anger was not the less at this interf
h games of strength and skill were exhibited. The strangers contended for the palm with her own subjects, on equal terms, t
lled with admiration of his exploits. She conceived an ardent passion for him, and he for his part seemed well content to a
tion of his exploits. She conceived an ardent passion for him, and he for his part seemed well content to accept the fortun
n to detain him. The blow to her affection and her pride was too much for her to endure, and when she found that he was gon
spitable reception, the Trojans re-embarked, and held on their course for Italy. Venus now interceded with Neptune to allow
an end of his perils on the deep. Neptune consented, stipulating only for one life as a ransom for the rest. The victim was
he deep. Neptune consented, stipulating only for one life as a ransom for the rest. The victim was Palinurus, the pilot. As
helm or pilot, till Æneas discovered his loss, and, sorrowing deeply for his faithful steersman, took charge of the ship h
nure’s unaltered mood, Firm at his dangerous post he stood; Each call for needful rest repelled, With dying hand the rudder
ward the more bravely.” 25 Æneas replied that he had prepared himself for whatever might await him. He had but one request
roach of the deities. “Now,” said the Sibyl, “summon up your courage, for you will need it.” She descended into the cave, a
cks that fly southward at the approach of winter. They stood pressing for a passage and longing to touch the opposite shore
take him in company to the opposite shore. But the Sibyl rebuked him for the wish thus to transgress the laws of Pluto; bu
the form of Dido, with a wound still recent. In the dim light he was for a moment uncertain, but approaching, perceived it
r. Stop, I beseech you, and refuse me not a last farewell.” She stood for a moment with averted countenance, and eyes fixed
y passed on, as insensible to his pleadings as a rock. Æneas followed for some distance; then, with a heavy heart, rejoined
in fidelity to their employers. Here was one who had sold his country for gold, another who perverted the laws, making them
ter, yet he was parched with thirst, and found nothing to assuage it; for when he bowed his hoary head, eager to quaff, the
do I behold you after such perils past? O my son, how have I trembled for you as I have watched your career!” To which Ænea
can be so in love with life as to wish to leave these tranquil seats for the upper world?” Anchises replied by explaining
gil, we have seen, places his Elysium under the earth, and assigns it for a residence to the spirits of the blessed. But in
coast of America. J. R. Lowell, in one of his shorter poems, claims for the present age some of the privileges of that ha
hdays as there are sand grains in my hand.’ Unluckily I forgot to ask for enduring youth. This also he would have granted,
ins there appeared before the king a woman who offered him nine books for sale. The king refused to purchase them, whereupo
burned three of the books, and returning offered the remaining books for the same price she had asked for the nine. The ki
eturning offered the remaining books for the same price she had asked for the nine. The king again rejected them; but when
ut when the woman, after burning three books more, returned and asked for the three remaining the same price which she had
ked for the three remaining the same price which she had before asked for the nine, his curiosity was excited, and he purch
hest, and allowed to be inspected only by especial officers appointed for that duty, who, on great occasions, consulted the
pressed by hunger to devour their tables. This portent now came true; for as they took their scanty meal, seated on the gra
n were sent to the village of Latinus, bearing presents and a request for friendship and alliance. They went and were favor
gifts and friendly messages. Juno, seeing things go thus prosperously for the Trojans, felt her old animosity revive, summo
. It was the custom of the country, when war was to be undertaken, for the chief magistrate, clad in his robes of office
azenus, which, swelled by rains, seemed to debar a passage. He paused for a moment, then decided what to do. He tied the in
the wild swan. Her dress was a tiger’s skin. Many mothers sought her for a daughter-in-law, but she continued faithful to
of the river and all his tributary fountains to lend their aid. Then for the first time a vessel filled with armed warrior
g and his party and were most favorably received. Seats were provided for them at the tables, and the repast proceeded.
ke the cattle nor raise a harvest, nor provide from present abundance for future want; but browsed like beasts upon the lea
proud and stately Forum stands. They entered, and a couch was spread for Æneas, well stuffed with leaves, and covered with
te your great exploits.” Then the king ordered horses to be furnished for the Trojan chiefs, and Æneas, with a chosen band
le Turnus had collected his bands and made all necessary preparations for the war. Juno sent Iris to him with a message inc
far otherwise. There all was watchfulness and anxiety and impatience for Æneas’s return. Nisus stood guard at the entrance
f the camp, and Euryalus, a youth distinguished above all in the army for graces of person and fine qualities, was with him
our chief. If I succeed, the glory of the deed will be reward enough for me, and if they judge the service deserves any th
er alone? Not so my brave father brought me up, nor so have I planned for myself when I joined the standard of Æneas, and r
, “I have but one boon to ask. My aged mother is with me in the camp. For me she left the Trojan soil, and would not stay b
qual in strength, the war began in good earnest. We cannot find space for all the details, but must simply record the fate
has made the words proverbial, “He fell, unhappy, by a wound intended for another, looked up at the skies, and dying rememb
Æneas bent over him in pity. “Hapless youth,” he said, “what can I do for you worthy of your praise? Keep those arms in whi
friends of the slain. After the battle there was a cessation of arms for some days to allow both armies to bury their dead
e. At last an Etruscan named Aruns, who had watched her long, seeking for some advantage, observed her pursuing a flying en
ergency, and impenetrable armor fabricated by Vulcan, at her request, for her son. Turnus, on the other hand, was deserted
pierced his thigh. Then Turnus’s fortitude forsook him and he begged for mercy; and Æneas would have given him his life, b
to infer that Æneas, having triumphed over his foes, obtained Lavinia for his bride. Tradition adds that he founded his cit
round him a great number of disciples. The inhabitants were notorious for luxury and licentiousness, but the good effects o
in the pursuit of wisdom, uniting their property in one common stock for the benefit of the whole. They were required to p
and simplicity of manners. The first lesson they learned was silence; for a time they were required to be only hearers. “He
nto the trunks of men; thy currish spirit Governed a wolf; who hanged for human slaughter Infused his soul in thee; for thy
rned a wolf; who hanged for human slaughter Infused his soul in thee; for thy desires Are wolfish, bloody, starved and rave
This is the idea which Dryden expresses in the beginning of his Song for St. Cecilia’s Day: — “From harmony, from heavenl
, a sound is thereby produced which is of exquisite harmony, too fine for mortal ears to recognize. Milton, in his Hymn to
Crotona. Sybaris, a neighboring city to Crotona, was as celebrated for luxury and effeminacy as Crotona for the reverse.
ty to Crotona, was as celebrated for luxury and effeminacy as Crotona for the reverse. The name has become proverbial. J. R
shorn, clothed in black and beating her breast, she sought diligently for the body of her husband. In this search she was m
sisted by Anubis, the son of Osiris and Nephthys. They sought in vain for some time; for when the chest, carried by the wav
s, the son of Osiris and Nephthys. They sought in vain for some time; for when the chest, carried by the waves to the shore
m, he was placed in a building facing the east, and was fed with milk for four months. At the expiration of this term the p
own the Nile to Memphis, where a temple, with two chapels and a court for exercise, was assigned to him. Sacrifices were ma
peii. The monster tomb of Apis is now open, after having lain unknown for centuries. Milton, in his Hymn to the Nativity,
of mystery. It is this which Tennyson alludes to in Maud, IV. 8: — “ For the drift of the Maker is dark, an         Isis h
hale the hallowed air, and who was named the Pythia. She was prepared for this duty by previous ablution at the fountain of
architects, and built the temple of Apollo at Delphi, and a treasury for King Hyrieus. In the wall of the treasury they pl
eans, from time to time, purloined the treasure. This amazed Hyrieus, for his locks and seals were untouched, and yet his w
d, and yet his wealth continually diminished. At length he set a trap for the thief and Agamedes was caught. Trophonius una
he conceives did much to bring on the French revolution, he says, — “ For then he was inspired, and from him came,     As f
have been disguised and altered. Thus Deucalion is only another name for Noah, Hercules for Samson, Arion for Jonah, etc.
d and altered. Thus Deucalion is only another name for Noah, Hercules for Samson, Arion for Jonah, etc. Sir Walter Raleigh,
s Deucalion is only another name for Noah, Hercules for Samson, Arion for Jonah, etc. Sir Walter Raleigh, in his History of
the theory cannot without extravagance be pushed so far as to account for any great proportion of the stories. 2. The Histo
ned as a just and pious king, and taught the natives the use of sails for ships, and how to tell from the signs of the atmo
isibly. The Zephyrs, fanning, as they passed, their wings, Lacked not for love fair objects whom they wooed With gentle whi
re are many myths which have arisen from the desire of man to account for those natural phenomena which he cannot understan
ot a few have had their rise from a similar desire of giving a reason for the names of places and persons. Statues of th
task the most perfect forms the city could supply were furnished him for models. It is this which Thomson alludes to in hi
a standing figure, in marble, more than seven feet high, naked except for the cloak which is fastened around the neck and h
f peasants, and dependent upon the voluntary offerings of his hearers for support. Byron calls him “The blind old man of Sc
of the fact of his birthplace, says, — “Seven wealthy towns contend for Homer dead, Through which the living Homer begged
of others, and whose business it was to commit to memory and rehearse for pay the national and patriotic legends. The preva
his other name of Naso, was born in the year 43 B. C. He was educated for public life and held some offices of considerable
still furnish the poet, the painter, and the sculptor, with materials for his art. With exquisite taste, simplicity, and pa
bird known to the world by the name of the Phœnix, after disappearing for a series of ages, revisited Egypt. It was attende
ure. Part of his plumage is gold-colored, and part crimson; and he is for the most part very much like an eagle in outline
eaches him to keep out of the way of the tyrant of the creation, man, for if he were to be got at, some wealthy glutton wou
agely remarks, “I would scarcely believe that it kills with its look, for who could have seen it and lived to tell the stor
but advanced boldly to the conflict. When bitten, the weasel retired for a moment to eat some rue, which was the only plan
was supposed to have a great antipathy to a cock; and well he might, for as soon as he heard the cock crow he expired. The
against spiders, and that it was also hung up in the temple of Diana, for which reason no swallow ever dared enter the sacr
        Aghast she pass from the earth’s disk. Fear not, but gaze, —  for freemen mightier grow, And slaves more feeble, ga
en alive;” and some such excuse may have been necessary in those days for not producing the living animal upon the arena of
as to pitch upon it, and then quietly march off not a whit the worse for its fall. But it seems they found out how to circ
est part of that element. Instantly perceiving what it was, he called for my sister and me, and after he had shown us the c
esses, spoke these words: ‘My dear child, I do not give you that blow for any fault you have committed, but that you may re
at. We accordingly find that a cloth made of the skin of salamanders ( for there really is such an animal, a kind of lizard)
uch an animal, a kind of lizard) was incombustible, and very valuable for wrapping up such articles as were too precious to
irritated is produced in considerable quantity, and would doubtless, for a few moments, defend the body from fire. Then it
the fire, and wake up only time enough to put forth all its faculties for its defence. Its viscous juice would do good serv
out of the fire as fast as its legs could carry it; indeed, too fast for them ever to make prize of one, except in one ins
o the Winds and mother Elements, And the whole circle of the Heavens, for him A sensitive existence and a God.” Excursion,
arsees are at this day a very active, intelligent, and wealthy class. For purity of life, honesty, and conciliatory manners
m he assumed to support the earth when the gods were churning the sea for the beverage of immortality, Amrita. We may omit
or when the universe will come to an end; and Mahadeva (another name for Siva) is rather the representative of regeneratio
hippers of Vishnu are generally distinguished by a greater tenderness for life, and consequent abstinence from animal food,
dom. They were to be treated by sovereigns with the greatest respect, for “a Brahman, whether learned or ignorant, is a pow
enial occupations. There is another class lower even than the Sudras, for it is not one of the original pure classes, but s
the vigilance of his guards, and having found a secure retreat, lived for six years undisturbed in his devout contemplation
which have been richly endowed by the former monarchs of the country. For several centuries after the appearance of Buddha,
ns resembling those of the Roman Catholic church. They found convents for priests and nuns; also processions and forms of r
pleased with their new work, but found that it was still incomplete, for it was without human beings. They therefore took
ri and Freki, to whom Odin gives all the meat that is set before him, for he himself stands in no need of food. Mead is for
is set before him, for he himself stands in no need of food. Mead is for him both food and drink. He invented the Runic ch
with his chosen heroes, all those who have fallen bravely in battle, for all who die a peaceful death are excluded. The fl
The flesh of the boar Schrimnir is served up to them, and is abundant for all. For although this boar is cooked every morni
of the boar Schrimnir is served up to them, and is abundant for all. For although this boar is cooked every morning, he be
his boar is cooked every morning, he becomes whole again every night. For drink the heroes are supplied abundantly with mea
know to their cost, when they see it hurled against them in the air, for it has split many a skull of their fathers and ki
dred miles around him. So acute is his ear that no sound escapes him, for he can even hear the grass grow and the wool on a
h forms the hangings of her apartments. She may easily be recognized, for her body is half flesh color and half blue, and s
. Finally the gods sent a messenger to the mountain spirits, who made for them the chain called Gleipnir. It is fashioned o
of the Frost giants and the giants of the mountains. But he demanded for his reward the goddess Freya, together with the s
he first day of winter, and during the night let his horse draw stone for the building. The enormous size of the stones str
bargain, however, had been concluded, and confirmed by solemn oaths, for without these precautions a giant would not have
ld lose his reward. That very night when the man went with Svadilfari for building stone, a mare suddenly ran out of a fore
with the sun and moon, and not even by sending him back to Jotunheim, for with the first blow he shattered the giant’s skul
bride with due courtesy, but was greatly surprised at seeing her eat for her supper eight salmons and a full grown ox, bes
of mead. Loki, however, assured him that she had not tasted any thing for eight long nights, so great was her desire to see
senger, drew his secret from him, and undertook to get him the maiden for his bride, if he would give him his sword as a re
the half.” So Frey obtained Gerda, the most beautiful of all women, for his wife, but he lost his sword.   This story, en
they found themselves in an immense forest, and searched on all sides for a place where they might pass the night, and at l
slept and snored in the way that had alarmed them so. It is said that for once Thor was afraid to use his mallet, and as th
. “My name is Skrymir,” said the giant, “but I need not ask thy name, for I know that thou art the god Thor. But what has b
of my glove?” Thor then perceived that what they had taken overnight for a hall was the giant’s glove, and the chamber whe
m. So they travelled the whole day, and at dusk Skrymir chose a place for them to pass the night in under a large oak tree.
st then awoke, and that as it was only midnight, there was still time for sleep. He, however, resolved that if he had an op
orn fell on my head. What! Art thou awake, Thor? Me thinks it is time for us to get up and dress ourselves; but you have no
advise you, when you come there, not to make too much of yourselves, for the followers of Utgard-Loki will not brook the b
from them into the forest, and Thor had no wish to stop him or to ask for any more of his company. Thor and his companions
t are the feats that thou and thy fellows deem yourselves skilled in, for no one is permitted to remain here who does not,
went with all who were present to a plain where there was good ground for running on, and calling a young man named Hugi, b
ked Thor in what feats he would choose to give proofs of that prowess for which he was so famous. Thor answered that he wou
had not already observed that thou art by no means what we took thee for .” As he finished speaking, a large gray cat spran
break of day, Thor and his companions dressed themselves and prepared for their departure. Utgard-Loki ordered a table to b
d prepared for their departure. Utgard-Loki ordered a table to be set for them, on which there was no lack of victuals or d
whom Thialfi contended in running, was Thought, and it was impossible for Thialfi to keep pace with that. When thou in thy
ellous that had I not seen it myself I should never have believed it. For one end of that horn reached the sea, which thou
one of his paws was off the floor, we were all of us terror-stricken, for what thou tookest for a cat was in reality the Mi
f the floor, we were all of us terror-stricken, for what thou tookest for a cat was in reality the Midgard serpent that enc
d and tail. Thy wrestling with Elli was also a most astonishing feat, for there was never yet a man, nor ever will be, whom
feat, for there was never yet a man, nor ever will be, whom Old Age, for such in fact was Elli, will not sooner or later l
now, as we are going to part, let me tell thee that it will be better for both of us if thou never come near me again, for
at it will be better for both of us if thou never come near me again, for shouldst thou do so, I shall again defend myself
arm to Baldur. Odin, not satisfied with all this, and feeling alarmed for the fate of his son, determined to consult the pr
stones, while others hewed at him with their swords and battle-axes; for do what they would, none of them could harm him.
gga, “neither stones, nor sticks, nor any thing else can hurt Baldur, for I have exacted an oath from all of them.” “What,”
e deed, but they were obliged to delay their vengeance out of respect for the sacred place where they were assembled. They
igga asked who among them wished to gain all her love and good will. “ For this,” said she, “shall he have who will ride to
led forth, on which Hermod mounted and galloped away on his mission. For the space of nine days and as many nights he rode
” she added, “all things in the world, both living and lifeless, weep for him, then shall he return to life; but if any one
it to the sea shore where stood Baldur’s ship Hringham, which passed for the largest in the world. Baldur’s dead body was
ng-nosed dwarfs, of a dirty brown color, they appeared only at night, for they avoided the sun as their most deadly enemy,
an form and great understanding. They were particularly distinguished for a knowledge of the mysterious powers of nature, a
distinguished for a knowledge of the mysterious powers of nature, and for the runes which they carved and explained. They w
stands up and sounds the Giallar horn to assemble the gods and heroes for the contest. The gods advance, led on by Odin, wh
ogether. Such sticks were in early times used by the northern nations for the purpose of ascertaining future events. The st
d. The Runic characters were of various kinds. They were chiefly used for magical purposes. The noxious, or, as they called
s employed to win love, etc. In later times they were frequently used for inscriptions, of which more than a thousand have
the Descent of Odin contains an allusion to the use of Runic letters for incantation: — “Facing to the northern clime, Th
ies we have been reading had their origin. Let the reader contrast it for a moment with Greece, the parent of classical myt
ttle-field of Frost and Fire, — where, of all places, we least looked for literature or written memorials, — the record of
their worship, nor did they meet in temples or buildings of any kind for the performance of their sacred rites. A circle o
ters affirm that they offered on great occasions human sacrifices; as for success in war or for relief from dangerous disea
offered on great occasions human sacrifices; as for success in war or for relief from dangerous diseases. Caesar has given
mes against person or property, were at this time brought before them for adjudication. With these judicial acts were combi
language, which means ‘heal-all,’ and having made solemn preparation for feasting and sacrifice under the tree, they drive
e tree, they drive thither two milk-white bulls, whose horns are then for the first time bound. The priest then, robed in w
y drink the water in which it has been infused, and think it a remedy for all diseases. The mistletoe is a parasitic plant,
fods or sessions of the Bards and minstrels, which were held in Wales for many centuries, long after the Druidical priestho
the kings of England. Yet the tradition is that Edward I., in revenge for the influence of the Bards in animating the resis
held under the ancient name. Among Mrs. Hemans’ poems is one written for an Eisteddfod, or meeting of Welsh Bards, held in
at all points on the mainland, retreated to Anglesey and Iona, where for a season they found shelter and continued their n
ers of God. They were a body of religious persons associated together for the purpose of aiding each other in the common wo
ut they were not those which were usually imposed by monastic orders, for of these, which are three, — celibacy, poverty, a
lves; on the contrary they seem to have labored diligently to procure for themselves and those dependent on them the comfor
“O, haste and leave this sacred isle, Unholy bark, ere morning smile; For on thy deck, though dark it be,           A femal
herself, it seemed, would raise A minister to her Maker’s praise! Not for a meaner use ascend Her columns, or her arches be
eminiscitur Argos. —  Virgil . He falls, unhappy, by a wound intended for another; looks up to the skies, and dying remembe
ord “shell” is often used as synonymous with “lyre,” and figuratively for music and poetry. Thus Gray, in his ode on the “P
Achilles is not found in Homer, and is inconsistent with his account. For how could Achilles require the aid of celestial a
g no rain in Egypt, the grass is “unshowered,” and the country depend for its fertility upon the overflowings of the Nile.
4 (1909) The myths of Greece and Rome
rich impressions. They arc, at the best, weak and imperfect vehicles for reproducing the literary and imaginative wealth o
yths, or to be entertained; and, second, to furnish a practical guide for the student who wishes to prosecute his mythologi
genealogical table, and complete glossary and index adapt this volume for constant use in the library, the school, and the
and the arm-chair. Thanks are due to Messrs. Longmans, Green and Co. for permission to include numerous quotations from Mr
estions they fain would ask were fully answered, and no room remained for conjecture. It was not so, however, with the othe
t was not so, however, with the other nations. The Greeks and Romans, for instance, lacking the definite knowledge which we
ed to construct, in part, their own theory. As they looked about them for some clue to serve as guide, they could not help
ncert, dethroned them, and seized the supreme power. Space, illumined for the first time by their radiance, revealed itself
. Gæa, roused from her apathy, admired all that had already been done for her embellishment, and, resolving to crown and co
ot a tear do they shed, not a sigh do they heave,     They are happy, for ever and ever!” Pindar. Chaos, Erebus, and Nyx
her and Hemera, who did not long enjoy the possession of the sceptre; for Uranus and Gæa, more powerful than their progenit
us depths. The Titans did not long remain sole occupants of Tartarus, for one day the brazen doors were again thrown wide o
the Titans to make the darkness hideous with their incessant clamour for freedom. In due time their number was increased b
s free, and whenever their muffled cries reached his ear, he trembled for his own safety. Angry beyond all expression, Gæa
d confinement and chains peculiarly galling, and who hated his father for his cruelty. Gæa finally induced him to lay viole
took possession of the vacant throne, intending to rule the universe for ever. Enraged at this insult, Uranus cursed his s
would be supplanted by his children, and would suffer just punishment for his rebellion. Cronus paid no heed to his father’
s complete, however, when he chose his own sister, Rhea (Cybele, Ops) for his consort, and assigned to each of the others s
s some portion of the world to govern at will. To Oceanus and Thetis, for example, he gave charge over the ocean and all th
ausing further annoyance. Wholly unsuspicious, Rhea heard him inquire for his son. Gladly she placed him in his extended ar
appearance, determined to dispose of him in the usual summary manner. For some time Rhea pleaded with him, but at last pret
nse grief. Cronus was evidently not of a very inquiring turn of mind, for he swallowed the whole without investigating the
in his ravening breast Convey’d away: unhappy! nor once thought That for the stone his child behind remain’d Invincible, s
entually placed in the heavens as a constellation, a brilliant reward for her kind ministrations. To prevent Jupiter’s crie
ste With opposite oaths that they would have no Zeus To rule the gods for ever.” E. B. Browning. The Giants’ War Ju
arus, where they had languished so long, stipulating that in exchange for their freedom they should supply him with thunder
reat Olympus’ height, And the vast world hangs trembling in my sight! For such I reign, unbounded and above; And such are m
where the country bears the imprint of some great natural convulsion; for the ancients imagined that the gods, making the m
Hesperia, where he founded a prosperous kingdom, and reigned in peace for many long years. Jupiter, having disposed of all
would enjoy the power so unlawfully obtained; but Gæa, to punish him for depriving her children of their birthright, creat
his watery realm. Pluto, the most taciturn of the brothers, received for his portion the sceptre of Tartarus and all the L
of sunlight was ever allowed to find its way; while Jupiter reserved for himself the general supervision of his brothers’
their prosperity, the Titans had intermarried. Cronus had taken Rhea “ for better or for worse”; and Iapetus had seen, loved
ty, the Titans had intermarried. Cronus had taken Rhea “for better or for worse”; and Iapetus had seen, loved, and wedded t
rometheus’ and Epimetheus’ first care was, very naturally, to provide for the beings already created. These they endowed wi
rosity, that all their favours were soon dispensed, and none remained for the endowment of man. Although they had not the r
to fashion man from clay. “Prometheus first transmuted Atoms culled for human clay.” Horace. They first moulded an imag
in fire, or die in the attempt. One dark night, therefore, he set out for Olympus, entered unperceived into the gods’ abode
tude to the benevolent deity who had risked his own life to obtain it for him. From his lofty throne on the topmost peak of
ration after generation of men lived on earth, and died, blessing him for the gift he had obtained for them at such a terri
n lived on earth, and died, blessing him for the gift he had obtained for them at such a terrible cost. After many centurie
greatly displeased, and tried to devise some means to punish mankind for the acceptance of the heavenly fire. With this pu
crowned with the utmost success.’ Nothing was lacking, except a name for the peerless creature; and the gods, after due co
he question, asked permission to deposit his burden in their dwelling for safe-keeping, professing himself too weary to con
weary to convey it to its destination that day, and promised to call for it shortly. The permission was promptly granted.
r curiosity was unseemly, and then, to dispel the frown and pout seen for the first time on the fair face of his beloved, h
t into the fresh air and join in the merry games of their companions. For the first time, also, Pandora refused to comply w
e, thinking she would soon join him, and perhaps by some caress atone for her present wilfulness. Left alone with the myste
sitive. Stealthily she drew near and examined it with great interest, for it was curiously wrought of dark wood, and surmou
e beseech you!” Pandora’s heart beat so fast and loud, that it seemed for a moment to drown all other sounds. Should she op
vil spirits had stung them, they began to weep, and, alas! quarrelled for the first time in their lives. Epimetheus reproac
ime in their lives. Epimetheus reproached his wife in bitterest terms for her thoughtless action; but in the very midst of
st of his vituperation he suddenly heard a sweet little voice entreat for freedom. The sound proceeded from the unfortunate
good spirit, whose ministrations might prove beneficial. It was well for Pandora that she opened the box a second time, fo
icial. It was well for Pandora that she opened the box a second time, for the gods, with a sudden impulse of compassion, ha
uickly flew out of the open window, to perform the same gentle office for the other victims, and to cheer their downcast sp
ggling humanity, and point to a happier future. ‘‘Hope rules a land for ever green: All powers that serve the bright-eyed
as we have seen, years of unalloyed happiness. There was no occasion for labour, for the earth brought forth spontaneously
seen, years of unalloyed happiness. There was no occasion for labour, for the earth brought forth spontaneously all that wa
our, for the earth brought forth spontaneously all that was necessary for man’s subsistence. “Innocence, virtue, and truth
the year was first divided into seasons, and men were obliged to toil for their daily bread. “Succeeding times a silver ag
sheds, With twining osiers fenc’d, and moss their beds. Then ploughs, for seed, the fruitful furrows broke, And oxen labour
constructed in happier days. Their efforts were all in vain, however; for the waters rose higher and higher, overtook them
hind you!” To obey such a command seemed sacrilegious in the extreme; for the dead had always been held in deep veneration
, while those cast by Pyrrha became women. Thus the earth was peopled for the second time with a blameless race of men, sen
eucalion and Pyrrha took refuge in an ark, which, after sailing about for many days, was stranded on the top of Mount Parna
wer: She flies and waxes every hour. At first she shrinks, and cowers for dread:         Ere long she soars on high: Upon t
them.” Homer ( Bryant’s tr.). Philemon and Baucis Solicitous for the welfare of mankind, Jupiter often visited the
upiter revealed himself to his faithful worshippers, and in gratitude for their intended sacrifice bade them ask any boon,
ly sacrifices on his altars. “Their little shed, scarce large enough for two, Seems, from the ground increased, in height
). After many years of faithful service, when age had made them long for death, Philemon and Baucis were transformed into
Philemon and Baucis were transformed into majestic oaks, which stood for many a century in front of the temple, monuments
ure), with Themis (Justice), &c., without incurring any reproach; for these marriages, in their estimation, were all sy
precaution of a disguise. To win Europa, the fair daughter of Agenor, for instance, he became a bull.                     
, the bull now spoke in gentle accents, bidding her dismiss all fear, for he was the great Jupiter in disguise. “Take cour
ope. He then resumed his wonted form, explained at length his reasons for so unceremoniously kidnapping her, and finally wo
extract the dragon’s teeth, and sow them in the ground already broken for his future city. No human being was within sight:
quickly threw a stone. The effect produced was almost instantaneous; for the giants, each fancying it had been thrown by h
ublic buildings to rise up out of the ground, all complete, and ready for use. To reward Cadmus for his loving and painstak
out of the ground, all complete, and ready for use. To reward Cadmus for his loving and painstaking search for Europa, Jup
ready for use. To reward Cadmus for his loving and painstaking search for Europa, Jupiter gave him the hand of the fair pri
said, too, that the artist, having completed this masterpiece, longed for some sign of approval from heaven, and fervently
e, longed for some sign of approval from heaven, and fervently prayed for a token that the god accepted his labour. Jupiter
t, but leaving it quite unharmed. The Greeks were indebted to Phidias for many of their most exquisite statues of the gods;
hroned his parents and seized the sceptre, he began to look about him for a suitable helpmate. Juno won his affections by h
y found favour in her sight, and won her consent to share his throne; for shortly afterward their wedding was celebrated wi
the beginning this union seemed very happy, there soon arose subjects for contention; for unfortunately Jupiter was incline
is union seemed very happy, there soon arose subjects for contention; for unfortunately Jupiter was inclined to be faithles
terward that he discovered her and her little bear son Areas. In pity for all they had suffered, he transferred them both t
dom seen; and no one would have known she had passed, had it not been for the brilliant trail her many-coloured robe left b
to go to the temple at Argos, where she had ministered to the goddess for many years, and which she had left only to be mar
their claims. Soon none but Minerva and Neptune were left to contend for the coveted honour. To settle the quarrel without
o the protection of the deity who would create the most useful object for the use of man. Raising his trident, Neptune stru
y explained by his proud creator, and all thought it quite impossible for Minerva to surpass him. Loudly they laughed, and
gn of woe.” Homer ( Bryant’s tr.). The din of battle had no terrors for this doughty goddess, and on every occasion she w
es were, however, fully counterbalanced by some exclusively feminine, for Minerva was as deft with her needle as with her s
young, and winsome, she would have been loved by all had it not been for her inordinate pride, not in her personal advanta
nally as powder magazine. “Fair Parthenon! yet still must Fancy weep For thee, thou work of nobler spirits flown. Bright,
f Minerva wherever her worship was held — some, the Greek Panathenæa, for instance, only every four years; others, such as
And weary earth looks up, when winter flees, With patient gaze: thou for whom wind-stripped trees Put on fresh leaves, and
dark nights. Juno’s jealousy had been aroused by Jupiter’s preference for her rival. To avenge herself, she banished Latona
green frogs, which creatures have since then showed great preference for muddy pools. Driven on once more by Juno’s unrele
ing his affections returned. His bliss, however, proved but fleeting; for Coronis, reasoning that if one lover were so deli
escape the bright eyes of Apollo’s favourite bird, the snowy raven, —  for such was his hue in those early times, — so he fl
onington’s tr.). Æsculapius’ race was not entirely extinct, however, for he left two sons — Machaon and Podalirius, who in
ndition, that, when the time came which had previously been appointed for the good king’s death, some one should be found w
sacrifice offered herself as substitute, and cheerfully gave her life for her husband. But immortality was too dearly bough
he often cast loving glances down upon men, whose life he had shared for a short time, whose every privation he had endure
them from misfortunes too numerous to mention. Among other deeds done for men was the slaying of the monster serpent Python
w him with his golden shafts The victory over the terrible Python won for Apollo the surname of Pytheus (the Slayer), by wh
om making further inroads. Apollo has always been a favourite subject for painters and sculptors. The most beautiful statue
he south wind, passing by, saw them thus occupied. Jealous of Apollo, for he too loved Hyacinthus, Zephyrus blew Apollo’s q
lever young hunter; but this friendship was also doomed to a sad end, for Cyparissus, having accidentally killed Apollo’s p
e ran he called aloud to Daphne, entreating her to pause were it only for a moment, and promising to do her no harm. “Abat
nd rushed down to the edge of her father’s stream, calling out loudly for his protection. No sooner had she reached the wat
he could not realise that the fair maiden had vanished from his sight for ever; but, when the truth dawned upon him, he dec
ath of one or both of the participants. The gods, in their admiration for the fine run, declared the animals deserved to be
tion for the fine run, declared the animals deserved to be remembered for ever, and changed them into statues, which retain
ot, and as he flung himself down upon the short grass he often called for a breeze, bidding it cool his heated brow. “A h
course with loving eyes, thought of the golden-haired god, and longed for his love. But, in spite of all this fervour, she
he actually challenged to a musical contest. Intending to punish him for his presumption, Apollo, accompanied by the nine
knew, By summer hid in green reeds’ jointed cells To wait imprisoned for the south wind’s spells, From out his reedy flute
etreated into the privacy of his own apartment, and sent in hot haste for a barber, who, after having been sworn to secrecy
e depths of Tartarus, where the condemned shades suspended their toil for a moment, and hushed their sighs and groans to li
al effort to quaff the ever-receding stream, and Ixion’s wheel stayed for a moment in its ceaseless course. “Poor Sisyphus
umb way to comfort him as he moved restlessly about, seeking a solace for his bursting heart. At times it seemed to his hal
floated down the stream, the pallid lips still murmured, “Eurydice!” for even in death he could not forget his wife; and,
s, where they found the state of affairs even worse than represented; for poor Antiope was now imprisoned, and subject dail
shed to fortify his capital by building a huge rampart all around it; for the stones moved in rhythmic time, and, of their
ints of the compass, he resolved to return home by sea. Unfortunately for him, the vessel upon which he had embarked was ma
o obtain possession of them. He was allowed but scant time to prepare for death; but, just as they were about to toss him o
s they were about to toss him overboard, he craved permission to play for the last time. The pirates consented. His clear n
ew, Stood still by him astonisht at his lore, And all the raging seas for joy forgot to rore.” Spenser. To commemorate th
e there once dwelt Clymene, a fair nymph. She was not alone; however, for her golden-haired little son Phaeton was there to
out to her boy, and tell him that his father, Apollo, was setting out for his daily drive. Clymene so often entertained her
aeton advanced to the steps of his father’s throne, and humbly waited for permission to make his errand known. Apollo addre
e waters of this river, which would lull him into senseless stupidity for one whole year. During nine years following he wa
n the god heard this presumptuous request, he started back in dismay, for he alone could control the four fiery steeds whic
, less fatal boon. “Choose out a gift from seas, or earth, or skies, For open to your wish all nature lies; Only decline t
pen to your wish all nature lies; Only decline this one unequal task, For ‘tis a mischief, not a gift, you ask.” Addison.
erve him from the burning sunbeams, gave him the necessary directions for his journey, and repeatedly and anxiously caution
the gates wide, and dashed out of the eastern palace with a flourish. For an hour or two Phaeton bore in mind his father’s
to confer upon him. Alas! however, she forgot to ask at the same time for continued youth; and her husband grew older and o
hould bow the knee,     And pour his prayers of mingled awe and love, For like a God thou art, and on thy way Of glory shed
spread, to pass in and out of the harbour, whose entrance he guarded for many a year. Chapter VI: Diana The Godde
elian olive-tree Latonia gave thy life to thee, That thou shouldst be for ever queen Of mountains and of forests green; Of
Diana, Latona boasted far and wide that such as hers had never been, for they excelled all others in beauty, intelligence,
daughter of Tantalus, Niobe, heard this boast, and laughed in scorn; for she was the mother of fourteen children, — seven
. Uffizi Palace.                                 “One prayer remains For me to offer yet. Thy quiver holds More than nine
and it was said that tears continually flowed down the marble cheeks, for , though changed, Niobe still felt, and wept for h
wn the marble cheeks, for, though changed, Niobe still felt, and wept for her great loss. This story is an allegory, in whi
s she was driving noiselessly along, she suddenly checked her steeds; for there on the hillside she saw a handsome young sh
lly awakened by this demonstration, half raised his fringed lids, and for a moment his sleep-dimmed eyes rested wonderingly
not bear to pass him by without a caress, and invariably left her car for a moment, as it touched the mountain peak, to run
ndymion sleeping.” Boyesen. But, even when asleep, Endymion watched for her coming, and enjoyed the bliss of her presence
f Orion Endymion was not, however, the only mortal loved by Diana, for it is also related that her affections were besto
lation, composed of seven bright stars, and there they shone undimmed for ages; but when Troy fell into the enemy’s hands,
of Versailles. Louvre. Orion, like a fickle youth, was soon consoled for their disappearance, and loved Merope, daughter o
of his new form, he bounded away through the forest. Alas! too late; for the pack had caught one glimpse of his sleek side
ickle, Winter frosty hoar.” Keats. And they were not alone to watch for her coming, for the three Charities (Graces, or G
osty hoar.” Keats. And they were not alone to watch for her coming, for the three Charities (Graces, or Gratiæ) were also
ve names of Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, longed to show their love for their new mistress. When the wave upon which she
somewhat primitive toilet completed, Venus and her followers set out for Mount Olympus, and on their way thither were join
peech of love; and Hymen, god of marriage. A throne had been prepared for the expected goddess, and, when she suddenly appe
eir proposals. Even the king of gods was slighted, and, to punish her for her pride, he decreed she should marry Vulcan, go
heavenly council. This compulsory union was anything but a happy one; for Venus never showed any affection for, her deforme
on was anything but a happy one; for Venus never showed any affection for , her deformed consort, and, instead of being a fa
ould please herself. The Story of Alectryon Her first fancy was for Mars, the handsome god of war, who was not slow i
sy, chubby child, with gauzy wings and roguish, dimpled face. Alarmed for his health, Venus consulted Themis, who oracularl
y of Adonis Venus, however, did not lavish all her love upon Mars, for she is said to have felt a tender passion for a y
all her love upon Mars, for she is said to have felt a tender passion for a young man named Adonis, a bold young hunter, wh
ny drops as from Adonis bled, So many tears the sorrowing Venus shed: For every drop on earth a flower there grows: Anemone
ng Venus shed: For every drop on earth a flower there grows: Anemones for tears; for blood the rose.” Bion ( Elton’s tr.).
ed: For every drop on earth a flower there grows: Anemones for tears; for blood the rose.” Bion ( Elton’s tr.). As time d
earth with beautiful foliage and flowers, and cause the birds to sing for gladness, Adonis reluctantly returned to Hades, w
most ardent admirers and faithful worshippers were the young people, for she delighted in their youthful sentiments, and w
ld. The maiden listened to his pleading with mingled joy and terror, for she knew her parents would never consent to their
see his goal, and pay her a visit in her lonely tower.     “‘Sweet! for thy love,’ he cried, ‘the sea I’d cleave, Though
the earth; and Leander impatiently paced the sandy shore, and watched for the promised signal, which no sooner appeared tha
obbed with anxiety at the thought of the perils her lover was braving for the sake of seeing her once more. It was only whe
heir interview and parted, he to return to Abydus, and she to prepare for the daily duties which would soon claim her atten
as the night, And when the morning woke upon the sea, It saw him not, for back at home was he.” Leigh Hunt. No one suspec
ike a stone Leander sank, once, twice, thrice, and the billows closed for ever over his head. Hero in the meanwhile had rel
er eyes to pierce the darkness. All night long she waited and watched for the lover who did not come; and, when the first s
ss or two. Sundry stolen interviews through this crack made them long for uninterrupted and unrestrained meetings; so they
r, Pyramus came rushing up, out of breath, and full of loving excuses for Thisbe, who was not there, however, to receive th
om he saw a face so passing fair, that he immediately lost his heart, for he thought it belonged to some water nymph gazing
th his rosy flesh, and inflicted a wound, from which he was to suffer for many a weary day. All unconscious of the gravity
yche. In the perfumed dusk he confessed his love, and tenderly begged for some return. Now, although the fading light would
e welcome shades of night. All day long Psyche thought of him, longed for him, and, as soon as the sun had set, sped to the
her aerial journey, her entrance into the enchanted palace, her love for her mysterious nightly visitor, — all, in short,
ingered there the following and many succeeding nights, vainly hoping for Cupid’s return, and shedding many bitter tears of
an, and Ceres, who compassionately listened to her confession of love for her husband. Ceres had often seen Cupid, and had
erful power to render beautiful whomsoever might be anointed with it, for which Proserpina alone had the recipe. Directed b
thine eyes. Thou mayst look on me now. I go no more, But am thine own for ever.’” Lewis Morris. Then, hand in hand, they
welcomed the blushing bride, who was happy ever after. The ancients, for whom Cupid was an emblem of the heart, considered
    Of pale-mouth’d prophet dreaming. “O brightest! though too late for antique vows,     Too, too late for the fond beli
g. “O brightest! though too late for antique vows,     Too, too late for the fond believing lyre, When holy were the haunt
f the latest myths concerning Venus is that of Berenice, who, fearing for her beloved husband’s life, implored the goddess
t the gods had placed Berenice’s Hair among the stars, there to shine for ever in memory of her wifely sacrifice. Venus, go
is wife’s remonstrances, could not refrain from indulging his caprice for every pretty face he met along his way. It is thu
proceeded to eat. Apollo soon missed his cattle, and began to search for some clue to their hiding-place or to the thief.
yielded to the decree, produced the remaining oxen, and, in exchange for the two missing, gave Apollo the lyre he had just
amity around it. This so pleased him, that he bade them remain there for ever, and used the wand on all occasions.       
e-encircl’d wand; By classic authors term’d Caduceus And highly fam’d for several uses.” Goldsmith. Mercury was in due ti
ith her up and down the river edge. They heeded not the noonday heat, for the cloud over their heads screened them from the
mmovable cloud near the earth, — a cloud which had no business there, for had she not bidden them all lie still on the blue
t. Mercury and Argus Jupiter, in the meanwhile, was in despair; for days had passed without his being able to exchang
s. He is said to have first seen the light in Thrace, a country noted for its fierce storms and war-loving people.     “In
ing prayers were ever addressed to him; and the ancients felt no love for him, but, on the contrary, shuddered with terror
the chains out of the rings, and restored him to freedom. In revenge for the cruel treatment inflicted by Otus and Ephialt
n a hill near the newly founded city of Athens. It was then customary for such cases to be tried at night, in utter darknes
to all previsions, the babes survived, and, after having been suckled for a time by a she-wolf, were found and adopted by a
d grew up strong and fearless. When they reached manhood, they longed for a wider sphere for their youthful activity, and,
d fearless. When they reached manhood, they longed for a wider sphere for their youthful activity, and, leaving the mountai
terrified and awestruck people, somewhat reassured, looked about them for their king, they were told he had gone, never to
forth worshipped as a god under the name of Quirinus, and gave orders for the erection of a temple on one of the seven hill
the people, the Romans rushed in a body to his temple, and clamoured for a sign of his favour and protection. Even while t
mourned Jupiter’s neglect. On one occasion, intending to punish Juno for one of her usual fits of jealousy, Jupiter hung h
have proved fatal; and even Vulcan did not escape entirely unharmed, for he injured one of his legs, which accident left h
d one of his legs, which accident left him lame and somewhat deformed for the remainder of his life. Now, although Vulcan h
He undertook, however, the construction of magnificent golden palaces for each of the gods upon the Olympian heights, fashi
never to marry, contemptuously dismissed his suit. To console Vulcan for this rebuff, and at the same time punish the Godd
Graces, who, however, seems to have also soon wearied of his society, for she deserted him. Vulcan’s children were mostly m
lotted him, he once conspired to dethrone Jupiter; but, unfortunately for the success of his undertaking, his plot was disc
red before he could put it into execution, and Jupiter, in punishment for his temerity, exiled him to earth. There he was c
xiled him to earth. There he was condemned to build the walls of Troy for Laomedon, king of that city, who, in return, prom
and devoured her; then he vanished, and nothing more was heard of him for a whole year, at the end of which time he reappea
es, aided by a chosen band of adventurers, came to Troy to punish him for his perfidy. The city was stormed and taken, the
cies. Not long after his return from Troy, he quarrelled with Minerva for the possession of the recently founded city of At
e goddess Ceres, and to have followed her during her prolonged search for her daughter, Proserpina. Annoyed by his persiste
s affairs, and sometimes interfered in their behalf. On one occasion, for instance, he even lent his beautiful chariot to a
ather’s consent to their union, had resolved to abduct her. Marpessa, for such was the girl’s name, allowed herself to be c
of safety, returned the wondrous chariot to Neptune, with many thanks for his timely aid. All the Nereides, Tritons, and le
singeth, while his chariot Waits at the doors of heaven. Thou art not For scenes like this: an empire stem hast thou; And i
eath the earth, and was also appointed god of the dead and of riches, for all precious metals are buried deep in the bosom
t trembling, and fervently prayed that they might never see his face; for , when he appeared on the surface of the earth, it
s condemned to hard labour in Tartarus, the portion of Hades reserved for the exclusive use of the wicked. “Cocytus, named
across the stream             “The shiv’ring army stands, And press for passage with extended hands. Now these, now those
wer to make one forget all unpleasant things, thus preparing the good for a state of endless bliss in the Elysian Fields.
siphone, and Megæra, and with Nemesis, goddess of revenge, were noted for their hard hearts and the merciless manner in whi
o murderers forthwith confessed, and were shortly afterwards executed for their crime. The three Fates (Mœræ, Parcæ), siste
The Story of the Danaides Many victims renowned while on earth for their cruelty found here the just punishment of t
when, exhausted and ready to faint from fatigue, they paused to rest for a moment, the cutting lash fell upon their bare s
tood up to his chin in a stream of pure water, tormented with thirst; for , whenever he stooped to drink, the waters fled fr
hat he grasped one of his deadliest thunderbolts, brandished it aloft for a moment, and then hurled it with vindictive forc
lture in his open side Her crooked beak and cruel talons try’d: Still for the growing liver digg’d his breast, The growing
ise. The father-in-law was an avaricious man, and clamoured so loudly for his money, that Ixion, to be rid of his importuni
ion with the friends they had loved on earth. “Patriots who perished for their country’s rights Or nobly triumphed in the
e was more attractive than Semele, daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia. “ For Semele was moulded in the form Of elegance; the b
tion must necessarily produce. He was not mistaken in his previsions, for Semele, proud of having attracted the greatest am
his glory wherever he could, and chose the feeblest of all his bolts, for well he knew no mere mortal could endure the shoc
ser mould, and lighter weight; They call it thunder of a second-rate. For the rough Cyclops, who by Jove’s command Temper’d
the god — Or dare to know him — only as a man! O human love! art thou for ever blind?” E. R. Sill. The infant Bacchus was
ong into the sea with her second child in her arms. The gods, in pity for her sufferings, changed her into the goddess Leuc
half goat, who educated him, and accompanied him on all his travels; for he delighted in roaming all over the world, borne
rs, all crowned with ivy leaves, who drank wine, — a drink compounded for their express use out of water and sunshine, — at
inevitable, met with many adventures, which have been fertile themes for poetry and art. On one occasion, having strayed a
lied by laughter and mockery. Their amusement was cut short, however, for the ship came to a sudden standstill; and, when t
he head of the board, and viewed the choice dishes and wines prepared for his delectation. Here, too, however, a new revela
or his delectation. Here, too, however, a new revelation awaited him; for cloth, plate, and cup turned to gold, as did the
uice of purple hue, Touch’d by his lips, a gilded cordial grew, Unfit for drink; and, wondrous to behold, It trickles from
he discovered a fair maiden lying alone on the sandy shore. Ariadne, for such was the girl’s name, had been forsaken there
ride. Their wedding was the gayest ever seen, and the feasting lasted for several days. The bridegroom presented the bride
took any pleasure in music, dance, or revelry, until Jupiter, in pity for his bereavement, restored Ariadne to his longing
ously out of the city and join his followers. Then they all clamoured for permission to witness the religious rites in his
und; Each field replete with blushing autumn glows, And in deep tides for thee the foaming vintage flows.” Virgil ( Warton
d maidens swiftly turn. One glance sufficed to identify the intruder, for none but he could boast of such a dark, lowering
ions: “’Tis he, ’tis he: he comes to us From the depths of Tartarus. For what of evil doth he roam From his red and gloomy
ess among them. Her uncertainty as to his purpose was only momentary, for catching her in his brawny arms ere she could mak
quish hi: new-won treasure, Pluto drove faster and faster, nor paused for an instant until he reached the banks of the Cyan
ng from the fields of fast-ripening grain to her own dwelling, sought for the missing Proserpina, of whom no trace could be
he mother called, awakening the morning echoes with her longing cries for her child. Her daily duties were all neglected. T
d gave way to her overwhelming grief. “Long was thine anxious search For lovely Proserpine, nor didst thou break Thy mourn
d With splendour.” Homeric Hymn. With a gentle reproof to the queen for her untimely interference, Ceres explained what s
ery accents. Arethusa and Alpheus The goddess was not mistaken; for a few minutes later she could distinguish words,
an ear to his wooing; but when the impetuous god, instead of waiting for an answer to his suit, rose up out of the water a
losely followed by her too ardent lover, until, exhausted, she paused for breath, crying aloud to Diana to come to her resc
eld the torrent Alpheus, who, after a disconsolate search underground for the lost Arethusa, had found a crevice through wh
pe him, Arethusa must still have been very glad to see him once more, for Ceres heard her murmur contentedly as she sank in
ed tide! And lost in each, till mingling into one, Their lot the same for shadow or for sun, A type of true love, to the de
ost in each, till mingling into one, Their lot the same for shadow or for sun, A type of true love, to the deep they run.”
re to find her missing daughter, her grief was not at all diminished, for she felt convinced that Pluto would never willing
Famine threatened to visit the people, and they prayed and clamoured for her aid; but, absorbed in grief, she paid no heed
day. Proserpina could not refute the charge, and Jupiter decreed that for every seed she had eaten she should spend one mon
one half the year in Hades, and could linger on the bright earth only for six months at a time. Mercury was chosen to lead
e again returned to her cave, whence no entreaties could draw her. As for the merry, happy-natured Proserpina, the moment H
rown’d. Let all the hinds bend low at Ceres’ shrine; Mix honey sweet, for her, with milk and mellow wine; Thrice lead the v
sion of the Fine Art Society, Limited. To commemorate her long search for her daughter, Ceres returned to Eleusis, taught h
on This man was evidently a freethinker, and, to show his contempt for the superstitious veneration paid to Ceres’ trees
ncensed by his insolence and cruelty, devised a terrible chastisement for the unfortunate man, and sent Famine to gnaw his
sold her as a slave to obtain food. The girl’s master left her alone for a moment upon the sea-shore, and, in answer to he
a bowl of gruel offered by some charitable person. To punish the boy for his rudeness, Ceres flung the remainder of the gr
ication from what it does now, and was I considered the family altar, for there the father of the family was wont to offer
life-giver — was kept constantly burning, and never allowed to go out for want of fuel or timely care. Its flames were also
, under penalty of being buried alive in a vaulted chamber, fashioned for this express purpose by Numa Pompilius’s order. I
ed the fuel, and fanned the flame, nor lost sight of it night or day; for the Romans considered the extinction of this sacr
wer to carry water in a sieve from the Tiber to the temple. In return for the signal services the Vestals rendered to the S
d a wide purple mantle. In time of war or danger they were answerable for the preservation of the sacred fire, which they w
Romans, Vesta was not the only goddess invoked on the family hearth, for she shared that place of honour with the Lares, M
were two in number, the children of Mercury and Lara, a naiad famous for her beauty as well as for her extreme loquacity,
hildren of Mercury and Lara, a naiad famous for her beauty as well as for her extreme loquacity, which no one could check.
d, summoning Mercury, bade him lead her down to Hades to linger there for ever. But on the way to the dismal abode of the d
whom the Romans always paid divine honours, reserving special places for them on the family hearth, for they were supposed
vine honours, reserving special places for them on the family hearth, for they were supposed to preside over houses and fam
stors of different families were often worshipped under this name. As for the Penates, they presided over the houses and do
m one house to another or from one place to another, it was customary for the head of the family to remove his household go
y before he thought of his own or his family’s comfort, and in return for this kindly care the Penates blessed him with pea
nths, of the year. In times of war the temple gates were opened wide, for the people, being in need of aid and comfort, wer
offerings; but when peace reigned, the doors were immediately closed, for the god’s intercession was no longer necessary. T
es were closed but thrice in more than seven centuries, and then only for a very short period. Festivals in honour of Janus
re the god’s name, and was considered sacred to him. It was customary for friends and relatives to exchange calls, good wis
n divinities whose name has been given to a part of the year or week; for in Latin the names of the days are dies Solis (Su
aningless And idle, and can never be fulfilled. Two portals are there for their shadowy shapes, Of ivory one, and one of ho
ere also frequently sent through the gates of horn to prepare mortals for misfortunes, as in the case of Halcyone. Ceyx
ad quite vanished from sight; then she returned to her palace to pray for her husband’s safe return. But, alas! the gods ha
n hastened down to the seashore, followed by her attendants, to watch for the returning sails of her husband’s vessel; and
orpse to her feet. To endure life without him seemed too great a task for poor Halcyone, who immediately cast herself into
rning to the seamen whenever a storm threatened, bidding them prepare for the blast, and hasten to shelter in port, if they
st heed to them, and invariably placed their statues side by side. As for Morpheus, the son as well as the prime minister o
was also called the god of sleep, and mortals were wont to intercede for his good offices. He is generally represented as
nance, a head covered with clouds, a sable vesture, and dusky wings,” for he was considered the dispenser of rain and of al
us — a mean and cowardly prince who ruled over the kingdom of Argos —  for a certain number of years. Hercules’ education wa
r, and spend his days in toil and poverty. Silently Hercules pondered for a while over these two so dissimilar offers, and
e oppressed, defending the weak, and redressing all wrongs. In reward for these good actions he received the hand of Megara
y he recovered his senses, and suffered agonies of sorrow and remorse for the terrible crimes he had unwittingly committed.
decision of the gods that he was to serve Eurystheus, King of Argos, for a twelvemonth. The messenger god then offered to
-headed serpent, the Hydra; and put an end to its career of rapacity, for this snake devoured man and beast Armed with a gr
intervention, crushed the crab, which, however, received its reward, for the Queen of Heaven placed it in the sky as the c
rcely to touch the ground. Hercules was obliged to pursue this animal for many a weary mile before he could overtake him; a
ry healing herb. The wound was mortal, and Chiron died; but in reward for his good offices the gods transferred him to the
mals were in an incredibly filthy state, as they had not been cleaned for years; and now Hercules was given the task to rem
abulous filth of the Augean stables, and the radical methods employed for their cleansing, have given rise to proverbial ex
auty, resolved to keep him, and substituted a bull from his own herds for the religious ceremony. Angry at seeing his expre
on human flesh. In order to obtain a sufficient supply of fresh meat for his horses, Diomedes had decreed that all strange
t, executed, and served up in his horses’ mangers. To punish Diomedes for this long-continued barbarity, Hercules threw him
ed, except when his services were needed in furthering some good work for mortals, until he reached their land, presented h
ight, the loathsome giant Cacus stole some of his cows. To punish him for this theft Hercules forced his way into his cave,
The Hesperian Apples This commission sadly perplexed Hercules, for he did not know in what portion of the world he w
On his way he met with many adventures, and saw many strange sights. For instance, he first met the nymphs of the Eridanus
free the benefactor of all mankind, was the work of but a few minutes for such a hero as Hercules; and, in gratitude for th
k of but a few minutes for such a hero as Hercules; and, in gratitude for the deliverance he had so long sought in vain, Pr
rcules’ mighty form looming up in the dim distance, they called aloud for fear, and bade Antæus go forth and kill the new i
promised to get them if the hero would only relieve him of his burden for a little while. Glad to accomplish his purpose so
p thinking with horror of the burden he must so soon resume, and bear for centuries, perhaps, without relief. This thought
he was very far from feeling, Hercules acquiesced, but detained Atlas for a moment, asking him to hold the heavens until he
scend into Hades and bring up the dog Cerberus, securely bound. “But for the last, to Pluto’s drear abode Through the dark
tely escaped from servitude, was soon obliged to return into bondage; for in a fit of, anger he slew a man, and was condemn
was condemned by the assembled gods to serve Omphale, Queen of Lydia, for a certain period of time. No great deeds were now
by his new mistress, and who, governing him easily by his admiration for her, made him submit to occupations unworthy of a
rd hands.” Darwin. However unworthy these effeminate tasks may seem for such a hero, they proved very agreeable indeed to
s new mistress seemed to wish nothing better than to remain her slave for ever, and end his days in idleness and pleasure.
t, only temporarily suspended, was now resumed with redoubled ardour, for each of the lovers was intent upon winning the ha
ront to front opposed, and hand to hand: Deep was the animated strife For love, for conquest, and for life.” Sophocles ( F
ont opposed, and hand to hand: Deep was the animated strife For love, for conquest, and for life.” Sophocles ( Francklin’s
and to hand: Deep was the animated strife For love, for conquest, and for life.” Sophocles ( Francklin’s tr.). The victor
ted with Hercules, who triumphantly departed with his hard-won bride, for his destiny would not permit him to tarry long in
s, whose usually shallow and peaceful waters were swollen and turbid, for violent rain-storms had recently swept over that
hat portion of the country. The Story of Nessus Hercules paused for a moment to contemplate the stream, and glanced a
ules paused for a moment to contemplate the stream, and glanced about for some safe mode to transport Deianeira across. Whi
nsent to mount upon his broad back. “The hoary centaur, who was wont for hire To bear the traveller o’er the rapid flood O
m the wound inflicted by the poisoned arrow, — and keep it carefully, for it had magic power; and if she ever found her hus
: I know it, and repent me. If there come A time when he grows cold —  for all the race Of heroes wander, nor can any love F
cold — for all the race Of heroes wander, nor can any love Fix theirs for long — take it and wrap him in it, And he shall l
en left Deianeira to deliver the oppressed and relieve the suffering, for people came from great distances to ask for his a
nd relieve the suffering, for people came from great distances to ask for his aid; and although his absences were sometimes
always returned to her side, as loving as ever, and she had no cause for complaint. Finally duty took him back to the cour
and bade him hasten to meet Hercules, and prevail upon him to wear it for his triumphant return. The messenger, Lichas, has
tened to do her bidding, and Deianeira waited with fast-beating heart for the success of her venture. “I only wish the cha
neral pyre on the mountain peak; but they, in tears, refused to obey, for they could not bear the thought of parting with t
mighty arms, and bore it off to Olympus, there to dwell in happiness for ever with Hebe, the fair goddess of youth, whose
d his only wish was to keep her unmated, — a somewhat difficult task, for the maiden was very fair, and Acrisius knew that
on and admiring her beauty, resolved to go down and converse with her for a little while. To avoid being seen, he changed h
as frequently repeated, and Danae no longer felt lonely and deserted, for Jupiter spent most of his time with her, pursuing
” Simonides ( Elton’s tr.). Her piteous prayer was evidently heard, for , after much tossing, the cask was finally washed
al. This presumptuous remark so incensed Minerva, that, to punish her for her vanity, she changed her beautiful curling loc
omising to restore it if they would only give him accurate directions for finding Medusa. The sisters, eager to recover the
le face turned up to the heavens, whose weight he had patiently borne for many a long year, —  a burden which seemed all th
tter’s tr.). When Atlas saw Perseus flying toward him, hope revived, for he remembered that fate had decreed that it was t
ce gaze upon her stony face, he would be free from pain and weariness for ever. As soon as the hero was within hearing, Atl
llows: “‘Hasten now, Perseus, and let me look upon the Gorgon’s face, for the agony of my labour is well-nigh greater than
and he unveiled before him the dead, face of Medusa. Eagerly he gazed for a moment on the changeless countenance, as though
reat horror he yet saw the wreck of her ancient beauty and pitied her for her hopeless woe. But in an instant the straining
an overhanging rock. This maiden was the princess Andromeda. To atone for the vanity of her mother, Cassiopeia, who claimed
fairer than any of the sea nymphs, she had been exposed there as prey for a terrible sea monster sent to devastate the home
uth the princess had been promised to her uncle Phineus. Preparations for the marriage were immediately begun; and the form
wners, and the Medusa head was given to Minerva in token of gratitude for her help. Greatly pleased with this gift, the god
d compel him to make full restitution and atonement, was but a trifle for the hero who had conquered Medusa; and Acrisius,
rgos, haunted by the memory of this involuntary crime was too painful for him: so he exchanged his kingdom for another, tha
nvoluntary crime was too painful for him: so he exchanged his kingdom for another, that of Mycenæ, which he ruled wisely an
ove with and married a beautiful young princess by the name of Æthra. For some reason, which mythologists do not make known
ls in a perfect state of preservation. Sword in hand, he then set out for Athens, — a long and dangerous journey. He procee
, — a long and dangerous journey. He proceeded slowly and cautiously, for he knew that many dangers lurked along his pathwa
strive to bar his way. He was not at all mistaken in his previsions; for Trœzene was scarcely lost to sight ere he came ac
ground. Theseus then disarmed his fallen foe, and, retaining the club for future use, continued his journey in peace, until
to any unsuspecting passer-by to seize it and lend him a helping hand for a moment. Then, as soon as the innocent stranger
id he would sheathe his sword only on condition that Sciron performed for him the menial office he had imposed upon so many
fear and trembling; but he was doomed never to molest any one again, for Theseus kicked him over the precipice, into the b
ibute of seven youths, and as many maidens, destined to serve as food for the Minotaur. Further questions elicited the fact
kept by Minos, King of Crete, in an intricate labyrinth, constructed for that express purpose by Dædalus, the far-famed ar
attempt, found they could not leave it. Rather than remain imprisoned for ever, Dædalus then manufactured wings for himself
ther than remain imprisoned for ever, Dædalus then manufactured wings for himself and for his son, and determined to make u
imprisoned for ever, Dædalus then manufactured wings for himself and for his son, and determined to make use of them to ef
And wide in ocean tolled his echoing knell.” Darwin. The Lament for Icarus. Herbert Draper. National Gallery of Bri
bear the yearly tribute to Crete, promising to change the black sails for snowy white ones if he were fortunate enough to r
alley to distant Crete, and as they sailed along the coast, searching for the harbour, they were challenged by the brazen g
the black-sailed galley brought a fresh supply of youths and maidens for the terrible Minotaur, Talus let it pass unharmed
sword enable him to kill the dreaded Minotaur. In token of gratitude for this timely assistance, Theseus solemnly promised
ing her alone upon the island, where Bacchus soon came to console her for the loss of her faithless lover. Ariadne in N
reoccupation he entirely forgot his promise to change the black sails for white; and Ægeus, from Attica’s rocky shore, seei
remorse. All the cares of royalty and the wise measures he introduced for the happiness of his people could not divert his
armies were face to face, the two chiefs, seized with a sudden liking for each other, simultaneously cast down their weapon
ules and a number of the Centaurs. The latter, struck with admiration for the bride’s unusual beauty, made an attempt to ki
d to secure goddesses, who, being immortal, would share their thrones for ever. Aided by Pirithous, Theseus married off Hel
r to the care of his mother, Æthra, until she attained a suitable age for matrimony. Then, in return for Pirithous’ kind of
hra, until she attained a suitable age for matrimony. Then, in return for Pirithous’ kind offices, he accompanied him to Ha
ns, delivered her from captivity, and carried her home in triumph. As for Theseus and Pirithous, their treacherous intentio
y this time, Theseus was still anxious to marry, and looked about him for a wife to cheer his loneliness. Suddenly he remem
onfessed her crime, and, in her remorse and despair, hung herself. As for Theseus, soured by these repeated misfortunes, he
glorious cause. The usurper’s crafty remarks had the desired effect; for Jason suddenly sprang from his seat, and vowed he
Chiron’s teachings ever to be true to his word, he resolved to depart for Colchis. To secure Juno’s assistance, he began by
cut off one of its own mighty limbs, and carve from it a figure-head for the swift-sailing vessel which Minerva, at Juno’s
he swift-sailing vessel which Minerva, at Juno’s request, would build for his use from pine-trees grown on Mount Pelion. Ja
s unknown. To speed them on their way, Juno then bargained with Æolus for favourable winds, and forbade any tempest which m
ne. Once Hercules, having landed with a youth named Hylas to cut wood for new oars, bade the youth go to a neighbouring spr
heir moist abode to keep them company. Hercules, after vainly waiting for Hylas’ return, went in search of him, but, findin
dder. Thus, as a vessel had passed between them unharmed, their power for evil left them, and they were chained fast to the
Jason then tore the coveted fleece from the branch where it had hung for many a year, and bore it in triumph to the Argo.
s rent.” Flaccus ( Elton’s tr.). His companions, who had made ready for a hasty departure, were already seated at their o
to her father. “‘Stay thy rash flight! and, from the distant main, — For oh! thou canst, my daughter, — turn again. Whithe
rtunately, Æson was now so old and decrepit, that power had no charms for him: so Jason begged Medea to use her magic in hi
d so dearly loved. Days and years now passed happily and uneventfully for Jason and Medea; but at last their affection for
ily and uneventfully for Jason and Medea; but at last their affection for each other cooled, and Jason fell in love with Gl
n children, and, mounting her dragon car, departed, leaving a message for Jason, in which she warned him that the Argo woul
emblematic of the first long maritime voyage undertaken by the Greeks for commercial purposes; while the golden fleece whic
t, and, carefully laying it aside, announced her intention to keep it for ever. Meleager, thus saved from an untimely death
sius, King of Arcadia. This princess had led a very adventurous life, for when but a babe, her father, disappointed to see
ssess the skin, they bitterly reproved their nephew on their way home for giving it to a stranger. They added taunts to thi
wood crumbled away into ashes, Meleager died. All Althæa’s affection for her son returned when his lifeless corpse was bro
eard what conditions were imposed upon all who would obtain her hand; for Atalanta, disapproving of marriage, and anxious t
. It was decreed, moreover, that every unsuccessful suitor should pay for his defeat by forfeiting his life. Atalanta’s
sily; but as she did so he cast one of the golden apples at her feet. For a moment she paused, then stopped and picked it u
eerless bride, Hippomenes forgot to pay the promised thanks to Venus, for which offence he and his wife were severely punis
                 “Leda’s sons I’ll sound, Illustrious twins, that are For wrestling, this and for the race renown’d.” Hora
sons I’ll sound, Illustrious twins, that are For wrestling, this and for the race renown’d.” Horace. One of these twins,
ades. Later on, satisfied that even this sacrifice was none too great for their fraternal love, he translated then both to
reatly delighted at the birth of a little son. In their joy they sent for the priests of Apollo, and bade them foretell the
d its feeble little life. The king’s mandate was obeyed only in part; for the servant, instead of killing the child, hung i
preceded it haughtily called to the youth to stand aside and make way for his master; but Œdipus, who, as Polybus’ heir, wa
all, thus unconsciously accomplishing the first part of the prophecy; for the aged man was Laius, his father, journeying in
                                      “He fell By strangers murdered, for so fame reports, By robbers in the place where th
hom guiltless he could ne’er behold, Or those to whom he now must sue for aid.” Sophocles ( Francklin’s tr.). Penniless,
ealed; but although, as soon as the storm was over, a search was made for Œdipus, no trace of him was ever found, and the a
ne year, and at the end of that period resign the throne to Polynices for an equal space of time, each brother thus exercis
way. “Thou seest me banish’d from my native land, Unjustly banish’d, for no other crime But that I strove to keep the thro
ophocles ( Francklin’s tr.). Their bravery was of no avail, however, for Thebes was well fortified and defended; and after
ces’ wretched carcass lies Unburied, unlamented, left expos’d A feast for hungry vultures on the plain.” Sophocles ( Franc
rayers to refrain from endangering her own life, Antigone dug a grave for her brother’s remains, and, unaided, fulfilled th
on earth.” Sophocles ( Francklin’s tr.). Hæmon pleaded passionately for her life; but, when he saw his prayers were vain,
fully accomplished. The Theban war was not, however, entirely ended, for , when both brothers fell, the two armies flew to
the forest. His grief was, of course, intense; and the horror he felt for the place where the catastrophe had occurred, add
occurred, added to his fear lest he should incur judicial punishment for his involuntary crime, made him flee to the court
to the queen’s proposals. His refusal was to cost him dear, however, for , when Anteia saw that the youth would never yield
y, and, without inquiring his name or errand, entertained him royally for many days. After some time, Bellerophon suddenly
his care, and hastened to deliver it to Iobates, with many apologies for his forgetfulness. Bellerophon and Anteia. G
brave men had set forth to slay the monster, none had ever returned, for one and all had perished in the attempt. The C
eed he must accomplish; and he left Iobates’ palace very sorrowfully, for he had fallen deeply in love with the king’s fair
s place of concealment in a neighbouring thicket, Bellerophon watched for an opportunity which came at last, and, while the
nged monster, whose fiery breath and great strength were of no avail; for after a protracted struggle Bellerophon and Pegas
ned to Lycia, where, after escaping from an ambush posted by the king for his destruction, he again appeared victorious at
pecial duty was assigned by the powerful gods of Olympus. There were, for instance, the Naiades, beautiful water nymphs, wh
how the climbing Oreads Beckon thee to their Arcades!” Emerson. As for the Napææ, they preferred to linger in the valley
hink of marriage, a host of suitors asked her hand, each eager to win for his bride one so beautiful and gifted. “No nymph
one so beautiful and gifted. “No nymph of all Œchalia could compare, For beauteous form, with Dryope the fair.” Ovid ( Po
and daily rejoiced in their happiness, which seemed almost too great for earth when they became the parents of a charming
n their power. The last words were quickly spoken, but none too soon, for the bark closed over the soft lips and hid the lo
gratitude, the nymph bade Rhœcus name his reward, whereupon he asked for her love, which she consented to bestow, provided
d we are told that, when his mother first beheld him, she was aghast, for he was the most homely as well as the most extrao
ne of the nymphs, Syrinx whom he immediately loved; but unfortunately for him she, frightened at his appearance, fled. Exas
rustling reeds, produced plaintive tones. Pan, seeing Syrinx had gone for ever, took seven pieces of the reed, of unequal l
he sits by the river, Making a poet out of a man. The true gods sigh for the cost and pain, — For the reed that grows neve
king a poet out of a man. The true gods sigh for the cost and pain, — For the reed that grows nevermore again         As a
ctly at home, he began to explore the depths of the sea. “‘I plung’d for life or death. To interknit One’s senses with so
ult the Fates, who alone could inform him whether this union would be for his happiness or not. It was very fortunate for h
r this union would be for his happiness or not. It was very fortunate for him that he did so, for the three sisters told hi
r his happiness or not. It was very fortunate for him that he did so, for the three sisters told him that Thetis was destin
hand of a mere mortal after having enjoyed the attention of the gods ( for Neptune also had wooed Her), and demurred, until
y troubling the harmony which evidently reigned among all the guests. For a moment she stood beside the bountiful board, th
was clearly traced. All the ladies were at first inclined to contend for the prize; but one by one each claimant withdrew
claimant withdrew except Juno, Minerva, and Venus, who hotly disputed for its possession. Juno declared that the queen of t
st deserving; but the guests, one and all, refused to act as umpires, for the apple could be given to but one, and the two
m he was secretly united. Their happiness, however, was but fleeting, for the Fates had decreed that Paris’ love for the fa
however, was but fleeting, for the Fates had decreed that Paris’ love for the fair Œnone would soon die.                  
ore the judge. This artful simplicity was the result of much thought, for we are told that “Venus oft with anxious care Ad
e youth, and softly promised him a bride as fair as herself in return for the coveted golden apple. Won either by her super
wrath and hatred of Juno and Minerva, who, biding their time, watched for a suitable opportunity to avenge themselves; whil
racted the attention of his sister Cassandra. This princess was noted for her beauty, and it is said had even been wooed by
ho, hoping to win her favour, bestowed upon her the gift of prophecy. For some reason the god’s suit had not prospered; and
elled him to take up his abode in their palace, and promised to atone for their past neglect by granting his every wish. St
y wish. Still advised by Venus, Paris soon expressed a desire to sail for Greece, under the pretext of rescuing Hesione, hi
away from any husband she selected, proposed that all the candidates for her hand should take a solemn oath, binding thems
emn vows Bind their firm faith that him, who should obtain The virgin for his bride, they all would aid; If any dar’d to se
y at his call except Ulysses, King of Ithaca, who, to console himself for Helen’s refusal of his suit, had married her cous
f of the expedition, which numbered, among many others, Nestor, noted for his wise counsel; Ajax, gigantic in strength and
e he shrewdly suspected Achilles was concealed, and offered his wares for sale. The maidens selected trinkets; but one of t
they all proved ineffective, Agamemnon, urged by his companions, sent for his daughter, feigning that he wished to celebrat
r strength against the Trojans; yet all hesitated to leave the ships, for an oracle had foretold that the first warrior who
s to let her die, or allow her to see her lord once more, were it but for a moment. Her appeal was so touching, that the go
Mercury conduct her husband’s shade back to earth, to tarry with her for three hours’ time.           “‘Such grace hath c
side Of Hellespont (such faith was entertained) A knot of spiry trees for ages grew From out the tomb of him for whom she d
rtained) A knot of spiry trees for ages grew From out the tomb of him for whom she died; And ever, when such stature they h
arious chiefs, and Agamemnon received the priest’s daughter as reward for his bravery, while Achilles triumphantly led to h
of the enemy, he hastened to Agamemnon’s tent to offer a rich ransom for her recovery; but the aged father’s entreaties we
the enemy’s troops. “The aged man indignantly withdrew; And Phœbus —  for the priest was dear to him — Granted his prayer,
implored Apollo to stay his hand, and the plague instantly ceased. As for Agamemnon, he sent his slaves to Achilles’ tent t
e great Achilles, swift of foot, remained Within his ships, indignant for the sake Of the fair-haired Briseis.” Homer ( Br
Mars, Will strive in single combat, on the ground Between the hosts, for Helen and her wealth; And he who shall o’ercome,
is chamber, where he was joined by Helen, who bitterly reproached him for his cowardly flight. Indignant at this interferen
y seeking his vanished opponent. This act of treachery was the signal for a general call to arms and a renewal of hostiliti
ch other, until recalled by Jupiter, and forbidden to fight any more. For a little while fortune seemed to favour the Greek
e. A happier lot were mine, If I must lose thee, to go down to earth, For I shall have no hope when thou art gone, — Nothin
oward-like.’” Homer ( Bryant’s tr.). Then he stretched out his arms for his infant son, who, however, shrank back affrigh
il he had set the gleaming headdress aside. After a passionate prayer for his little heir’s future welfare, Hector gave the
rang into his chariot and drove away. “Sorrow not thus, beloved one, for me. No living man can send me to the shades Befor
ow come when Jupiter was about to redeem the promise given to Thetis, for little by little the Greeks were forced to yield
he place where their vessels rode at anchor. They now ardently longed for the assistance of Achilles, whose mere presence,
riseis had been returned unmolested, paid no heed to their entreaties for aid, and remained a sullen and indifferent specta
chiefs, Nor to the war, but suffered idleness To eat his heart away; for well he loved Clamour and combat.” Homer ( Bryan
to turn his thoughts aside from the sad event, and arouse an interest for some pursuit less dangerous than war. All her eff
pursuit less dangerous than war. All her efforts were vain, however; for Achilles’ soul thirsted for revenge, and he repea
war. All her efforts were vain, however; for Achilles’ soul thirsted for revenge, and he repeatedly swore he would go fort
rced by my spear, shall yield his life, and pay The debt of vengeance for Patroclus slain.” Homer ( Bryant’s tr.). The
hich they then reverently bore to Achilles’ tent. To console Achilles for his friend’s death, Thetis exhibited the glorious
n away, the Trojans from the ramparts, where they had waited in agony for the issue of the fight, beheld Achilles tear the
d there abandon the corpse. Achilles then returned to his tent, where for a long time he continued to mourn his friend’s un
s’ tent, where the aged king fell at the hero’s feet, humbly pleading for his son’s body, and proffering a princely ransom
s armour — the glorious armour forged by Vulcan — was hotly contested for by Ulysses and Ajax. The former finally obtained
l Hercules appeared to him in a dream, and bade him go without delay, for there he would find Machaon, Æsculapius’ son, who
medies and the best modes of applying them, had once told him to send for her should he ever be wounded. He therefore sent
told him to send for her should he ever be wounded. He therefore sent for Œnone; but she, justly offended by the base deser
ask’d Falteringly, ‘Who lies on yonder pyre?’ But every man was mute for reverence. Then moving quickly forward till the h
and his sons’ struggle with the serpents has been a favourite subject for poets and artists. The Fall of Troy Meanwhi
made desperate attempts to repel the Greeks; but it was now too late, for the enemy had already broken into houses and pala
ef in death. Their object accomplished, the Greeks immediately sailed for home, their vessels heavily laden with plunder an
he enemy’s hands, perished in the waves, or found death lying in wait for them by their own fireside. Menelaus, with his wi
beauty, were detained in Egypt by contrary winds, sent to punish them for omitting the usual sacrifice to the gods. He at l
layed, and how favourable winds could be secured to waft him home. As for Agamemnon, leader of the Greeks, he returned to A
uries and Nemesis, goddess of revenge, sent by the gods to punish him for taking justice into his own hands. Arrived at Del
sation stole over them, and made them long to recline there and feast for ever. “Whoever tasted once of that sweet food Wi
ever to return.” Homer ( Bryant’s tr.). Ulysses impatiently watched for their return; then, seeing they did not appear, f
ll of sight was fix’d In their mid-forehead: hence the Cyclops’ name: For that one circular eye was broad enfix’d In the mi
nions landed in Sicily in search of food. The prospect was promising, for on the plains and hillsides great flocks of sheep
ed his companions, and spent all his time near the seashore, watching for her, and bitterly cursing his fate, which prevent
sing his fate, which prevented his seeking her in her native element, for the gods had cursed the race of Cyclops with an u
y fascinating young shepherd, who had no need to call her repeatedly, for she always yielded to his first appeal, joyfully
cidentally came upon them thus, ere they were aware of his proximity. For a moment he glared down upon them; then, seizing
huge hand and grasped two of the sailors, whom he proceeded to devour for dessert. Then, his frightful asleep, his loud sno
und in the cave was duly pointed, hardened in the fire, and set aside for future use. When the darkness began to fall over
this manoeuvre, fastened his companions under the rams, reserving one for his own use, and watched them pass out one after
t eve to seek The stable; now thou art the last of all. Grievest thou for thy master, who has lost His eye, put out by a de
the taunting voice came, and in his rage almost destroyed the Greeks; for one piece of rock fell very near their vessel, an
discerned by the eager eyes on board, and all made their preparation for landing early the next morning. For the first tim
d, and all made their preparation for landing early the next morning. For the first time since he had left the Æolian shore
hern bag, intending to rob their master of a portion of his treasure, for they imagined that Æolus had given him much gold.
ould hear her sweet voice raised in song, as she wove a beautiful web for her own adornment; so they pressed eagerly on, an
an order which was immediately carried out. The men feasted greedily, for they had fasted for many days, and Circe watched
mmediately carried out. The men feasted greedily, for they had fasted for many days, and Circe watched them with ill-concea
was again surrounded by his companions, who were exceedingly grateful for their rescue. Circe now prepared a second feast,
feast, and entertained them all so well, that Ulysses lingered there for one whole year.                         “And the
t’s tr.). At the end of that time, Ulysses’ companions began to long for their own homes, and prevailed upon their chief t
rt, and return to Ææa, where he lingered to perform the funeral rites for Elpenor, — one of his followers, a youth who had
e stopped their ears with melted wax, so they could not hear a sound, for he alone could hear the Sirens’ song and live. Th
h this danger had been safely passed, Ulysses was troubled in spirit, for he knew he would soon be obliged to steer his cou
unding waters, drawing even large galleys into her capacious jaws. As for Scylla, she too dwelt in a cave, whence her six u
nough to compel her love. Circe, who had long nursed a secret passion for Glaucus, was angry at him, and jealous of her riv
not, however, deter the sailors from their feast, which they kept up for seven days, ere Ulysses could make them leave the
t partaken of the sacred flesh, and who, after clinging to the rudder for nine weary days, a plaything for the wind and wav
nd who, after clinging to the rudder for nine weary days, a plaything for the wind and waves, was washed ashore on the Isla
ercury was sent to Ogygia to bid Calypso furnish all things necessary for his comfort, and aid in the construction of a hug
d bade her go down to the shore and wash her linen robes in readiness for her wedding-day, which the goddess assured her wa
to save their ball from the waves, and claimed Nausicaa’s protection for a shipwrecked mariner. She graciously permitted h
ave his aged nurse Euryclea, and his faithful old dog Argus, who died for joy at his long-lost master’s feet. “While over
ht of death Came suddenly as soon as he had seen Ulysses, absent now for twenty years.” Homer ( Bryant’s tr.). Penelope,
s tr.). Penelope, hearing that a stranger was within her gates, sent for him, to inquire whether he knew aught of her husb
piece of work with which she was endeavouring to baffle her suitors; for , when urged to marry, she had replied that she wo
enelope, dear child, and see With thine own eyes what thou hast pined for long. Ulysses has returned; thy lord is here, Tho
rld. Push off, and sitting well in order, smite The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset, and t
— who, after Paris’ death, had married Deiphobus, his brother, —  and for a moment he determined to take her life; but ere
tinately refused to leave his post, until he saw a bright flame hover for a moment above his grandson’s head, which sign he
yes. A trysting-place near a ruined temple had already been appointed for his servants, and thither Æneas turned his steps.
e banks of the Tiber, where a beautiful young bride would comfort him for her loss. This speech ended, Creusa’s ghost vanis
ever he went, and eager to obey his every command. Their preparations for departure were speedily completed, the sails unfu
. At the same time a mysterious voice was heard, bidding him forbear, for his former friend Polydorus, sent to Thrace to co
, seek your ancient mother’s track. There shall Æneas’ house, renewed For ages, rule a world subdued.’” Virgil ( Conington
the lot’s award.’” Virgil ( Conington’s tr.). The Trojans, grateful for his timely aid, and reassured by the calm which n
ely aid, and reassured by the calm which now reigned supreme, steered for the nearest port, where they anchored their seven
and Achates obediently hastened onward, and entered the town unseen, for Venus had enveloped them both in mist. Their atte
avoid Dido’s tears and recriminations, the hero kept his preparations for departure a complete secret, and finally set sail
Æneas saw the rising column of smoke, and his heart sank within him, for he suspected its fatal import, and honestly mourn
wn to the shore, tore his costly festal garments, and cried to Heaven for assistance in this his time of direst need.     
, who, falling asleep at the helm, fell overboard and was drowned. As for the fleet, it reached the Cumæan shore in safety;
ut.” Virgil ( Conington’s tr.). Almost despairing, Æneas now prayed for assistance; for how could he find a tiny golden s
onington’s tr.). Almost despairing, Æneas now prayed for assistance; for how could he find a tiny golden sprig in the mids
voured this youth’s suit; and the king would gladly have received him for a son-in-law, had he not twice been warned by the
law, had he not twice been warned by the gods to reserve his daughter for a foreign prince, who had now appeared. In spite
the woods, where she concealed her daughter Lavinia, to keep her safe for Turnus, whom she preferred to Æneas. War with
rrior-maiden, came to proffer her aid to Turnus. “Last marches forth for Latium’s sake     Camilla fair, the Volscian maid
s of hospitality so suddenly withdrawn, Æneas made rapid preparations for war, and sailed farther up the Tiber to secure th
abode, and had prevailed upon him to forge a suit of beautiful armour for Æneas. On the shield, which is minutely described
and Juno were not the only deities interested in the coming struggle, for all the gods, having watched Æneas’ career, were
h of this promising young prince, Æneas’ heart was filled with grief, for he could imagine the sorrow of the aged Evander w
sorrow of the aged Evander when he saw his son’s corpse brought home for burial: and he then and there registered a solemn
actised, Turnus raved, and accused the gods, and then eagerly watched for an opportunity to land, and make his way, alone a
y turning in favour of the Trojans; and Amata, the Latin queen, sorry for her ill-advised opposition to her daughter’s marr
ity, which he called Lavinia in honour of his bride, and which became for a time the capital of Latium. Æneas, as the gods
d Æneas Silvia, who founded Alba Longa, where his descendants reigned for many a year, and where one of his race, the Vesta
ut within the past century new theories have gradually gained ground: for the philologists have attempted to prove that the
tly be demonstrated), anthropology resorts to all folklore, and seeks for the origin of myths, not in language, which it co
rical information.” Of course it is difficult, not to say impossible, for civilised man to put himself in the savage’s plac
tion had attracted attention, or to satisfy the childish inborn taste for the marvellous, in the course of the next few min
parts of the world, was invented to explain curious marriage customs ( for in some countries it is unlawful for the husband
xplain curious marriage customs (for in some countries it is unlawful for the husband to see his wife’s face until after sh
even if Latin were entirely lost, the similarity of the word “bridge” for instance (pons in Latin), in French ( pont), in S
glutinative age, when, little by little, the languages “received once for all that peculiar impress of their formative syst
art of the vast fund of mythic lore is supposed to have crystallised; for primitive man, knowing nothing whatever of physic
fferent myths to explain the same phenomenon can readily be accounted for by the old saying, “Circumstances alter cases.” T
he old saying, “Circumstances alter cases.” Thus the heat of the sun, for example, so beneficial at certain times, may prov
he light of dawn (Europa). Apollo, whose name of Helios is pure Greek for “the sun,” had therefore not lost all physical si
Greek for “the sun,” had therefore not lost all physical significance for the Hellenic race, who worshipped in him the radi
red, radiant and genial, armed with unerring weapons, which he wields for good or evil, as the mood sways him. He is forced
he mood sways him. He is forced to labour, against his will at times, for the benefit of man, as, for instance, when he ser
ced to labour, against his will at times, for the benefit of man, as, for instance, when he serves Admetus and Laomedon; an
he storm demon (Cacus), or the impious companions of Ulysses, who pay for their sacrilegious temerity with their lives. The
for their sacrilegious temerity with their lives. The sun’s affinity for the dawn is depicted by his love for Coronis, who
their lives. The sun’s affinity for the dawn is depicted by his love for Coronis, who, however beloved, falls beneath his
pposed to have been endowed with marvellous curative powers. The sun, for the same reason, was supposed to wage continual w
his father’s place, causes incalculable mischief, and, in punishment for his mismanagement of the solar steeds (the fleecy
ased to be understood; and, as the human mind is generally as anxious for a reason as ready to invent one, a story arose wi
of his own offspring, Pelops (the withered fruits), and in punishment for his impiety is doomed to hunger and torturing thi
urs of daylight. Like Apollo and Cadmus, Hercules is forced to labour for mankind against his will. We see him early in lif
eys onward’ in search of his father, performing countless great deeds for the benefit of mankind. He slays the Minotaur, th
orious sun is sometimes forced to fight his way), then again plunging for a short space of time into the depths of Tartarus
an emblem of the horizontal rays of the rising sun, which seem to lie for a while upon the mountain slopes, ere they rise t
gnify that the sun (Œdipus) must slay the darkness (Laius) and linger for a while beside the violet-coloured clouds (Jocast
aving lost its physical meaning, the Thebans added the tragic sequel, for it seemed but poetic justice that the author of s
he word, declared this hero was the murderer of Bellero, his brother, for which involuntary crime he was driven from home,
etting.” In the story of the Trojan war there are several sun myths; for Paris, Menelaus, Agamemnon, and Achilles have equ
y, their lady-loves, whom they meet again at the end of their career: for Paris sees Œnone, and expires with her on the bur
y absence, and bears her off to the far east, where, after struggling for a while to retain possession of her and her treas
Ulysses we find a reproduction of the story of Hercules and Perseus: for Ulysses, early in life, after wedding Penelope, i
arly in life, after wedding Penelope, is forced to leave her to fight for another; and on his return, although longing to r
n his mourning bride, he cannot turn aside from the course marked out for him. He is detained by Circe (the moon), who weav
ues, and by Calypso (the nymph of darkness); but neither can keep him for ever, and he returns home enveloped in an impenet
right evening clouds) that he casts aside his beggar’s garb to linger for a short time beside her ere he vanishes in the we
ersonation of the illuminating and knowledge-giving light of the sky; for in Sanskrit the same word also means “to wake” an
most important personification is first Diana, the horned huntress, “ for to the ancients the moon was not a lifeless ball
“the maiden” Cora (or Proserpina), whose loss she grievously mourned; for she had been carried away by Pluto to the underwo
As the ancient Aryan had the same word to denote cloud and mountain (“ for the piles of vapour on the horizon were so like A
ffice was not limited merely to the hearths of households and cities, for it was supposed “that in the centre of the earth
d of the wind that he is supposed to waft away the souls of the dead; for “the ancients held that in the wind were the soul
dead.” Mercury is the “lying, tricksome wind-god who invented music,” for his music is but “the melody of the winds, which
onstancy and capriciousness; and whenever he is overcome, he is noted for his great roar. His name comes from the same root
ple of classic literature, and which have been a fount of inspiration for poets and artists of all ages. Genealogical T
188; lion skin of, 191; Deianeira accompanies, 203; Deianeira’s charm for , 204; pose of 207 Al-cim′e-de. Queen of Iolcus m
, 229 Ath′ens. Minerva’s festivals at, 43; tribunal at, 118; contest for , 128; Ægeus, king of, 218; Theseus’ arrival at, 2
at, 71, 326; significance, 350, 360 Del′phi. Shrine of Apollo, famed for its oracles, 25, 32, 71; Ceyx visits, 181; Œdipus
48; Antæus, son of the, 199; significance, 363 E′cho. Nymph who pined for love of Narcissus; changed to a voice, 96, 98; an
na, 169 E-leu′sis. City in Greece visited by Ceres during her search for Proserpina, 162, 169 E′lis. Province of the Pelop
st of Oceanus, inhabited by the virtuous dead, 5, 6; Ulysses searches for , 321 Is′ma-rus. Town in Thrace, spoiled by Ulyss
es, 189 L Lab′y-rinth. A maze in Crete, constructed by Dædalus for the Minotaur, 221, 222 Lac-e-dæ-mo′ni-a. Provinc
s and Clymene, 14 Men′tor. Name assumed by Minerva to act as a guide for Telemachus, 318, 320 Mer-cu-ra′li-a. Festivals i
rite city of Juno, with Sparta and Argos, 37; Perseus exchanges Argos for , 217 Myr′mi-dons. Achilles’ followers; led by Pa
204; significance, 354 Nes′tor. Greek hero during Trojan war; noted for wise counsel, 241, 278, 318 Ni′ce. Same as Victo
given to female minor divinities, 261 Ny-si′a-des. Nymphs who cared for Bacchus, and form a constellation, 150 Nyx. Same
ypso detains Ulysses seven years, 316 O-lym′pi-a. City in Elis noted for its temple and games, 34, 200, 207 O-lym′pi-ad.
in Athens, 15, 39. 2. Son of Evander; slain by Turnus, while fighting for Æneas, 336, 337 Pal′lor. Special attendant of Ma
f Bellerophon, 257; significance, 358 Phin′e-us. 1. Rival to Perseus for Andromeda, 215. 2. The blind king of Thrace; anno
357, 366 Stel′li-o. Urchin changed to lizard by Ceres when searching for Proserpina, 1 70 Ster′o-pes (Lightning). One of
5 (1898) Classic myths in english literature
y of California, some two years ago, introduced into its requirements for entrance in English the subject of Classical Myth
n its relation to English Literature, and recommended, as a text-book for preparation, Bulfinch’s Age of Fable. The experie
the state has attested the wisdom of the requirement; but the demand for some text-book adapted to the needs of the class-
of the class-room has made necessary the preparation of this volume. For , while the Age of Fable offers a tempting collect
Everett Hale. But, after a year’s work, I find that half my material for copy is altogether new, and that the remainder di
e Age of Fable is acknowledged in full, a new title has been selected for this volume. For, neither my publishers, nor I, w
acknowledged in full, a new title has been selected for this volume. For , neither my publishers, nor I, would desire to ha
to have the scholarship or the taste of Mr. Bulfinch held accountable for liberties that have been taken with his work. In
n the body of the text. The scope of selection has been thus confined for three reasons: first, the regard for necessary li
selection has been thus confined for three reasons: first, the regard for necessary limits; second, the desirability of emp
had to the æsthetic value of the poem or the citation. In the search for suitable examples I have derived valuable assista
eglected by the great mass of our people. Since this book is intended for students of English poetry, and since in English
is, generally speaking, the practice of the Romans. The diphthong ει, for instance, is transliterated according to the acce
n, which in individual words perpetuates the preference of the Latins for the ε or the ι, respectively. So Ἀτρείδης becomes
not that of scientific uniformity, but of acknowledged poetic usage. For the benefit of readers who have failed to acquire
e benefit of readers who have failed to acquire the fundamental rules for the pronunciation of Greek and Latin proper names
. Leland’s Etruscan-Roman Remains in Popular Tradition (Lond.: 1892). For the illustrative cuts in the Text, I am indebted
W. S. Soule of the Soule Photograph Co. (338 Washington St., Boston), for the liberal collection of photographs, from works
al, and of calling attention to the edition of this work (interleaved for illustration by photographs) to be published by t
efully my obligation to my esteemed colleague, Professor Isaac Flagg, for untiring assistance in the reading of proof, and
sor Isaac Flagg, for untiring assistance in the reading of proof, and for critical suggestions not a few of which have been
on of Michigan, and to Professor Harold N. Fowler of Western Reserve, for suggestions which have been of assistance in the
f our youth were at home even among the Greek and Latin classics. But for various reasons, — some valid, as, for instance,
Greek and Latin classics. But for various reasons, — some valid, as, for instance, the importance of increased attention t
d utilitarian protest, against the cultivation of “dead” languages, — for various reasons the study of the Classics is at p
influence, the historic background against which our present appears. For , cut off from the intellectual and imaginative so
summaries. Such second-hand study must, indeed, be ever a makeshift; for the literature of a people inheres in its languag
in the poetic atmosphere, and in the imaginative garb of modern art. For though the phenomena of plastic art are not the s
n is universal, its products are akin, and its process is continuous. For this reason the study of the imaginative thought
ic. 1. In general, and in the first place, classic mythology has been for poetry a treasure-house replete with golden tales
of Elysian air, to the world of life and art and ever-young mankind. For the reader the study of mythology does, in this r
r the reader the study of mythology does, in this respect, as much as for the poet. It assists him to thrid the labyrinth o
erhood of humanity and the fatherhood of One whose purposes hold good for every race, and through all time. And, so, the kn
ecord the incipient history of religious ideals and of moral conduct. For though ethnologists may insist that to search for
d of moral conduct. For though ethnologists may insist that to search for truth in mythology is vain, the best of them will
ruth in mythology is vain, the best of them will grant that to search for truth through mythology is wise and profitable. I
primitive philosophy — the savage, ephemeral, and irrational element. For all myths spring from the universal and inalienab
trace of earlier creed; but in every stage a power is manifest making for righteousness, a love yearning for sympathy divin
y stage a power is manifest making for righteousness, a love yearning for sympathy divine, a moral sense striving through h
articularly of the classic myths, are not only general, but specific. For , the study, when illustrated by masterpieces of l
, there is furnished not only that material of allusion and reference for which the student nowadays trusts to meagre and d
should render the general reading of belles lettres more profitable. For , a previous acquaintance with the material of lit
essayist, the novelist, the orator; it expands the intellectual lungs for the atmosphere breathed by the artist, at any rat
llectual lungs for the atmosphere breathed by the artist, at any rate for a literary and social atmosphere less asthmatic t
se of flavor may, perchance, be stimulated, and, ultimately, a desire for nearer acquaintance with the literatures that we
of photography, might, at least, illuminate guides that now make hard for ditches, might clarify the ideals of callow youth
eals of callow youth, and orient the “ chorus of indolent reviewers.” For , a second specific advantage to be derived from t
Æneas, might in the latter part of the course be read aloud in class for some fifteen minutes every day, in order that int
ration, comparison, description; and they may be regarded as stimulus for imaginative invention concerning local wonders an
een ancient and modern standards of right and wrong. To this end, and for the supply of further nutriment, it is important
nal examples of the literary survival or adaptation of ancient fable. For this purpose special sections of the Commentary h
pplications of each myth. The myths should provide not only nutriment for thought, but material for memory. Our youth in th
The myths should provide not only nutriment for thought, but material for memory. Our youth in the push for scientific fact
nutriment for thought, but material for memory. Our youth in the push for scientific facts and methods, so-called disciplin
wring its withers that in most children the memory has grown too soft for saddling. In our apprehension lest pupils may tur
have forgotten that it is also the harvest-time of memory. It is easy for children to remember what they learn, it is a del
It is easy for children to remember what they learn, it is a delight for them to commit to memory; we act criminally when
means of this study, the spiritual capabilities of our youth. Pabulum for thought, accurate habits of memory, critical judg
ess reach of ocean be seen of eyes that lack insight, be known of men for whom nature does not live? Surely the age of myth
ial poetry, and a beauty of art, the mere grace of which we Americans for lack of imaginative training, and sympathy, and a
ngement, they should be recited in this order. When there is not time for detailed recitation on the whole book, some of th
which the younger pupil does not appreciate will, if the book is used for purposes of reference in his further English, Lat
asterpieces mentioned in the Illustrative Notes will suggest subjects for further study and for exercises in English Compos
in the Illustrative Notes will suggest subjects for further study and for exercises in English Composition. Chapter I.
a narrative in which beings irrational, and sometimes inanimate, are, for the purpose of moral instruction, feigned to act
s with heavenly graces, and of Prometheus, who stole fire from heaven for the use of man; the myth of the earth-born giants
mpted to read into them meanings which probably they never possessed. For the diverse and contradictory significations that
contradictory significations that have in recent years been proposed for one and the same myth could not all, at any one t
rly all day in his flaming chariot; or, perhaps, as Meleager, retired for a while in disgust from the sight of men; wedded
land.” (2) Æsthetic myths have their origin in the universal desire for amusement; in the revulsion of the mind from the
is delightful; they elicit emotion — sympathy, tears, and laughter — for characters and events remote from our commonplace
nd then unrolls a vision of a world where men and things exist simply for the purpose of delighting us. And the enduring me
ese stories of supernatural beings and events had, with due allowance for the discrepancy in mental development, imaginatio
thing in the history of reasonable myths to baffle our understanding. For , at the present time, not only children and simpl
t-winged wind, of the ravening sea. In our metonymies we use the sign for the thing signified, the crown for the king, the
In our metonymies we use the sign for the thing signified, the crown for the king, the flag for the honor of the country;
se the sign for the thing signified, the crown for the king, the flag for the honor of the country; and the crown and the f
of nature, such personification of natural powers would be more easy for us to appreciate. “If for us also, as for the Gr
ation of natural powers would be more easy for us to appreciate. “If for us also, as for the Greek,” says Mr. Ruskin, 4 “t
powers would be more easy for us to appreciate. “If for us also, as for the Greek,” says Mr. Ruskin, 4 “the sunrise means
ter of good and beneficent gods and of righteous or reasonable myths. For how could a human being believe of the god whom h
ries come into existence? And were they ever believed? How accounted for . — There are many answers to these questions. The
explains the origin and growth of some myths. But it accounts rather for the reasonable than the senseless element of myth
longer about natural events, but about persons. Ancient language may, for instance, have said sunrise follows the dawn. The
guage may, for instance, have said sunrise follows the dawn. The word for sun was masculine; the word for dawn, feminine. I
id sunrise follows the dawn. The word for sun was masculine; the word for dawn, feminine. In time the sentence came to mean
ythical character through kindred languages, it frequently ascertains for us the family of the myth, brings to light kindre
xplanation assumes as its starting-point masculine and feminine names for objects of nature. It does not attempt to show ho
however, fall into the error of supposing that the philologists look for the origin and growth of all myths in words and t
very mythological riddle elements which resist etymological analysis, for the simple reason that their origin was not etymo
physics, chemistry, astronomy, etc. and clever in allegory; but that, for some unknown reason, their descendants becoming s
have been disguised and altered. Thus, Deucalion is only another name for Noah, Hercules for Samson, Arion for Jonah, etc.
and altered. Thus, Deucalion is only another name for Noah, Hercules for Samson, Arion for Jonah, etc. Sir Walter Raleigh,
, Deucalion is only another name for Noah, Hercules for Samson, Arion for Jonah, etc. Sir Walter Raleigh, in his “History o
e theory cannot, without extravagance, be pushed so far as to account for any great proportion of the stories. For many myt
pushed so far as to account for any great proportion of the stories. For many myths antedate the scriptural narratives of
trines; the other, that God made his revelation in the beginning once for all, and has done nothing to help man toward righ
, and in this century most ably by Gladstone.8 § 8. We are now ready for the explanation of myth-making based upon the The
ent is, then, that “the savage and senseless element in mythology is, for the most part, a legacy from ancestors of civiliz
personality and life.” The forces of nature, animals, and things have for these Polynesians and Bushmen the same powers and
rs.” 11 The senseless element in the myths would, by this theory, be, for the most part, a “survival.” Instead, then, of de
e myth originated in germs other than savage curiosity and credulity: for instance, in the adventures of some great hero, o
isibly. The Zephyrs, fanning, as they passed, their wings, Lacked not for love fair objects whom they wooed With gentle whi
n the other hand, collaterally with these corporeal images, and never for one instant separated from them, he conceives als
ions of the phenomena of nature, as expressions of the reverence felt for the powers of nature, and as personifications, in
ly unveils the mystery. The difficulty lies not so much in accounting for the similarity of thought or material in differen
ng for the similarity of thought or material in different stories, as for the resemblance in isolated incidents and in the
ries have been borrowed by one nation from another. This will account for exchange only between nations historically acquai
nations historically acquainted with each other. It will not account for the existence of the same arrangement of incident
be found to have originated in India 16. This theory fails to account for numerous stories current among the modern nationa
the diffusion of myths by borrowing and transmission must be allowed for , the hypothesis of the origin of myths in the sav
an War; Helenus and Cassandra, of King Priam’s family, who prophesied for the Trojan forces; Tiresias, the blind prophet of
pheus, whose adventures are elsewhere narrated,23 passes in tradition for the oldest of Greek lyrists, and the special favo
of the fact of his birthplace, runs: — “Seven wealthy towns contend for Homer dead, Through which the living Homer begged
l body of men whose business it was to commit to memory, and rehearse for pay, the national and patriotic legends. Pisistra
etic gold; Hesiod has gathered them in the ore like so many specimens for a museum. A company of Lyric Poets, of whom Stesi
, Stood still, by him astonished at his lore, And all the raging seas for joy forgot to roar.” Simonides was one of the m
.). In his hymns and songs of praise to gods and in his odes composed for the victors in the national athletic contests, he
des (194 b.c.), who wrote in frigid style the story of Jason’s Voyage for the Golden Fleece; and Theocritus of Sicily (270
by his other name, Naso, was born in the year 43 b.c. He was educated for public life, and held some offices of considerabl
still furnish the poet, the painter, and the sculptor, with materials for his art. With exquisite taste, simplicity, and pa
Greek and Roman myth.30 Seneca, the teacher of Nero, is best known for his philosophical treatises; but he wrote, also,
ely fanciful signs supposed to possess mysterious power. As a synonym for writing, the term was first applied to the Northe
he Sagas. The word Edda has usually been connected with the Icelandic for great-grandmother;35 it has also been regarded as
nor treatises on grammar and rhetoric — the whole intended as a guide for poets. Although a note in the Upsala manuscript,
the Lower Hemisphere, — devoted to necromantic incantations, prayers for the souls of the departed, and other rituals. In
s a book of solemn chants and tunes. The Yajur-veda comprises prayers for sacrificial occasions, and interpretations of the
wed, perhaps, from the aboriginal tribes of India. It contains spells for exorcising demons and placating them. (2) The Ind
ges of the physical world; now begins the history of gods and of men. For in the heart of creation Love begins to stir, mak
under, of the lightning-flash, and of the thunderbolt; and, probably, for this reason, one fiery eye was deemed enough for
bolt; and, probably, for this reason, one fiery eye was deemed enough for each. The hundred-handed monsters, or Hecatonchir
abysm of the earth. Whereupon Mother Earth, or Gæa, indignant, called for help upon her elder children, the Titans. None da
her cause save Cronus, the crafty. With an iron sickle he lay in wait for his sire, fell, upon him, and drove him, grievous
l of the new period of growth and golden harvests that he ushered in. For unknown ages Cronus and Rhea, his sister-queen, g
ecently recovered kinsfolk. Jupiter and his hosts held Mount Olympus. For ages victory wavered in the balance. Finally Jupi
d should dwell, and of Tartarus, wherein were held the fallen Titans. For himself Jupiter retained Earth and the Heaven, in
rth, hence both autochthonous; and some, indeed, claimed an antiquity for the human race equal to that of the divinities. A
the growing sinfulness and arrogance of mankind, it became necessary for the immortals to withdraw their favor. Prometheu
and providing him and all other animals with the faculties necessary for their preservation. Prometheus was to overlook th
ish. The forest had not yet been robbed of its trees to yield timbers for vessels, nor had men built fortifications round t
rds, spears, or helmets. The earth brought forth all things necessary for man, without his labor in ploughing or sowing. Pe
Prometheus stood forth — the champion of man against the Olympians.59 For the son of Cronus had grudged mortals the use of
and fat, and, forthwith availing himself of this insult as an excuse for punishing mankind, deprived the race of fire. But
n his turn, had recourse to stratagem. He is declared to have planned for man a curse in the shape of woman. How the race h
e cover and looked in. Forthwith there escaped a multitude of plagues for hapless man — gout, rheumatism, and colic for his
a multitude of plagues for hapless man — gout, rheumatism, and colic for his body; envy, spite, and revenge for his mind —
— gout, rheumatism, and colic for his body; envy, spite, and revenge for his mind — and scattered themselves far and wide.
ck on Mount Caucasus, and subjected to the attack of a vulture which, for ages, preyed upon his liver, yet succeeded not in
ime by Prometheus, if he had been willing to submit to his oppressor; for he possessed a secret which involved the stabilit
thean fire is burning. “Shall it, then, be unavailing, All this toil for human culture? Through the cloud-rack, dark and t
e cloudy crags Caucasian! “Though to all there is not given Strength for such sublime endeavor, Thus to scale the walls of
ge of Silver came the Brazen Age,63 more savage of temper and readier for the strife of arms, yet not altogether wicked. §
slime, approached the unkindled altar, and, falling prostrate, prayed for guidance and aid. The oracle64 answered, “Depart
gnations, or Latinized forms of Greek names, have been retained; but, for the poetic conception of all these stories, excep
When the sun was set, the gods withdrew to their respective dwellings for the night. Fig. 4. Two of the Hours. [Vase: Co
the period, “chryselephantine”; that is, composed of ivory and gold. For the parts representing flesh were of ivory laid o
roves her goddess of earth; others, goddess of the air; still others, for reasons by no means final, say that it signifies
eady, and that the Hours set aside. Fearful, too, could be her wrath. For she was of a jealous disposition, which was not h
than once she provoked him to blows; and once to worse than blows, — for her lord and master swung her aloft in the clouds
name, Minerva, is connected with the Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin words for mind. She is eternally a virgin, the goddess of w
lo chose first to spend a year in the land of the Hyperboreans, where for six continuous months of the year there is sunshi
h unwilling steps I wander down Into the clouds of the Atlantic even; For grief that I depart they weep and frown: What loo
ins to the bottom of the sea, that it might be a secure resting-place for his beloved. The daughter of Latona is, as her na
and severe to punish. Graceful in form and free of movement, equipped for the chase, and surrounded by a bevy of fair compa
s smote sea as well as land. Springs and woodland brooks she favored, for in them she and her attendants were accustomed to
of thanks. When weary of the chase, she turned to music and dancing; for the lyre and flute and song were dear to her. Mus
ng queen. But ordinarily a woodland chapel or a rustic altar sufficed for her worship. There the hunter laid his offering —
and Graces surrounded her, twining odorous garlands and weaving robes for her, that reflected the hues, and breathed the pe
d desire, and loving converse that steals the wits even of the wise.” For she is the mistress of feminine charm and beauty,
r mouth’s smile, The sky, her laughing azure eyes above; And, waiting for caress, Lie bare the soft hill-slopes, the while
at the dome of evening fills; On endless waters rounding to the west: For them who thro’ that beauty’s veil have loved The
t beauty’s veil have loved The soul of all things beautiful the best. For lying broad awake, long ere the dawn, Staring aga
, A depth of leaves above, Beneath o’erarching boughs he made A place for sleep in russet shade. “His lips, more red than
nt was either Mount Olympus, the abode of the gods, or Delphi, famous for its oracle. The circular disk of the earth was cr
yads, and made love to them. But his suit was frequently of no avail, for though good-natured, he was not prepossessing; hi
ose whose occupations caused them to pass through the woods by night; for gloom and loneliness oppress and appal the mind.
und is bounded by awful rivers: the Styx, sacred even among the gods, for by it they sealed their oaths, and the Acheron, r
at the River of Woe, and ferried them across, if the money requisite for their passage had been placed in their mouths, an
oul to Charon. [Terra-cotta relief: Arch. Zeit.] Here life has death for neighbor, And far from eye or ear Wan waves and w
hes, ‘ Where no leaf blooms or blushes Save this whereout she crushes For dead men deadly wine. ………………………………… Pale, beyond
r, To men that mix and meet her From many times and lands. She waits for each and other, She waits for all men born; Forge
r From many times and lands. She waits for each and other, She waits for all men born; Forgets the earth her mother, The l
he life of fruits and corn; And spring and seed and swallow Take wing for her and follow Where summer song rings hollow, An
lysian, The fairest meadow that may be, With all green fragrant trees for shade, And every scented wind to fan, And sweetes
f Nereus. This Nereus, a genial old man of the sea, was distinguished for his prophetic gifts, his knowledge, his love of t
e howling at all hours, And are upgathered now like sleeping flowers; For this, for everything, we are out of tune; It move
at all hours, And are upgathered now like sleeping flowers; For this, for everything, we are out of tune; It moves us not.
affairs. Among the immortals, his queen had rivals in his affection: for instance, Latona, a goddess of darkness, daughter
frequent altercations with his justly jealous spouse. Of his fondness for Danaë, whom he approached in a shower of gold, pa
d, particulars are given in the story of her son Perseus; of his love for Alcmene, the granddaughter of that Perseus, we ar
, “come and take a seat by me on this stone. There is no better place for your flock to graze in than hereabouts, and here
hing strains, hoping to lull the watchful eyes to sleep, but in vain; for Argus still contrived to keep some of his eyes op
he ran away. But on the bank of the river he overtook her. She called for help on her friends, the water-nymphs. They heard
s, she reached at last the banks of the Nile. Then Jupiter interceded for her; and upon his engaging not to pay her any fur
her to wife, and put me away! But you, my foster-parents, if you feel for me, and see with displeasure this unworthy treatm
king of Phœnicia, son of the god Neptune. The story of Jupiter’s love for her is thus told by the idyllic poet, Moschus: —
hful dreams fares wandering… Then she beheld two continents at strife for her sake, Asia and the further shore, both in the
was the alien woman that I beheld in my sleep? How strange a longing for her seized my heart, yea, and how graciously she
e sires, with whom she was always wont to sport, when she was arrayed for the dance, or when she would bathe her bright bod
all like the foam-born goddess among the Graces. Verily, she was not for long to set her heart’s delight upon the flowers…
ly, she was not for long to set her heart’s delight upon the flowers… For of a truth, the son of Cronus, so soon as he behe
of like age with me, let us mount the bull here and take our pastime, for truly, he will bear is on his back, and carry all
e path of the sea-beasts, nor fearest the sea? The sea is a path meet for swift ships that traverse the brine, but bulls dr
what food shalt thou find from the deep? Nay, art thou then some god, for god-like are these deeds of thine.” … So spake sh
m Jupiter, even I, though, closely beheld, I wear the form of a bull, for I can put on the semblance of what thing I will.
er of Thebes. She was descended, through both parents, from the gods; for her mother Harmonia was daughter to Mars and the
ple guise. But Juno, to gratify her resentment against this new rival for her lord’s affections, contrived a plan for her d
nt against this new rival for her lord’s affections, contrived a plan for her destruction. Assuming the form of Beroë, the
t. The god would have stopped her as she spake, but she was too quick for him. The words escaped, and he could neither unsa
r doom: — “What were the garden-bowers of Thebes to me? What cared I for their dances and their feasts, Whose heart awaite
low song it could not learn, But wandered over it, as one who gropes For a forgotten chord upon a lyre. “Yea, Jupiter! Bu
settle down upon the earth, and thick clouds shut in the heated air. For four months, together a deadly south wind prevail
ed, and the dry mouth stood open, with its veins enlarged, and gasped for the air. Men could not bear the heat of their clo
t preferred to lie on the bare ground. Nor could the physicians help, for the disease attacked them also. At last men learn
e height. It is sacred to Jupiter. Often, while the priest made ready for sacrifice, the victim fell, struck down by diseas
or sacrifice, the victim fell, struck down by disease without waiting for the blow. At length all reverence for sacred thin
down by disease without waiting for the blow. At length all reverence for sacred things was lost. Bodies were thrown out un
ed things was lost. Bodies were thrown out unburied, wood was wanting for funeral piles, men fought with one another for th
ried, wood was wanting for funeral piles, men fought with one another for the possession of them. Finally there were none l
llers at many a door, seeking rest and shelter, but found all closed; for it was late, and the inhospitable inhabitants wou
, and the inhospitable inhabitants would not rouse themselves to open for their reception. At last a small thatched cottage
from the ashes, kindled a fire, and prepared some pot-herbs and bacon for them. A beechen bowl was filled with warm water,
t, was set on the table. Some wine, not of the oldest, was added; and for dessert, apples and wild honey. Now while the rep
sts, fell on their knees, and with clasped hands implored forgiveness for their poor entertainment. There was an old goose,
this a sacrifice in honor of their guests. But the goose, too nimble for the old folks, with the aid of feet and wings elu
astened to a joist, But with the upside down, to show Its inclination for below; In vain, for a superior force, Applied at
But with the upside down, to show Its inclination for below; In vain, for a superior force, Applied at bottom, stops its co
ift. — What the queen of heaven deemed the greatest blessing reserved for mortals is narrated in the beautiful myth of Bito
amous new statue of Hera at Argos. Her sons testified their affection for their mother, by yoking themselves, since no oxen
ise god, Golden and white in thy new-carven shape, Hear me! and grant for these my pious sons, Who saw my tears, and wound
loud In Heaven, and the vast company was hushed. But when they sought for Cleobis, behold, He lay there still, and by his b
n of Cecrops, the first king of Athens, the two deities had contended for the possession of the city. The gods decreed that
iveness of the goddess. Arachne bade the old dame to keep her counsel for others. “I am not afraid of the goddess; let her
n strife and fray. Thereat trembling gat hold of Achseans and Trojans for fear, so mightily bellowed Mars insatiate of batt
ther Jupiter, hast thou no indignation to behold these violent deeds? For ever cruelly suffer we gods by one another’s devi
ckless maiden and baleful, whose thought is ever of iniquitous deeds. For all the other gods that are in Olympus hearken to
hen he beheld that strife of gods. Then no longer stood they asunder, for Mars, piercer of shields, began the battle and fi
sunder, for Mars, piercer of shields, began the battle and first made for Minerva with his bronze spear, and spake a taunti
rce through my fair skin? Therefore deem I now that thou shalt pay me for all that thou hast done.” Thus saying, he smote o
thy mother’s curses, who deviseth mischief against thee in her wrath, for that thou hast left the Achæans, and givest the p
ter of Jupiter, take by the hand and lead away, groaning continually, for scarce gathered he his spirit back to him.131 §
is protecting deity, Minerva, he sent his servants to seek pure water for a libation. Near by there stood an ancient grove
is folds, and others with his poisonous breath. Cadmus, having waited for the return of his men till midday, went in search
ig. 40. Cadmus slaying the Dragon. [Vase picture: Millin.] As penance for the destruction of this sacred serpent, Cadmus se
enance for the destruction of this sacred serpent, Cadmus served Mars for a period of eight years. After he had been absolv
oddesses, Enrynome and Thetis, took him mercifully to themselves, and for nine years cared for him, while he plied his trad
d Thetis, took him mercifully to themselves, and for nine years cared for him, while he plied his trade and gained proficie
and other fish were afflicted by Vulcan till Xanthus in anguish cried for quarter. 5. Myths of Apollo. § 72. The myth
f water would be nectar to me, and I would own myself indebted to you for life itself. Let these infants move your pity, wh
ants move your pity, who stretch out their little arms as if to plead for me.” But the clowns persisted in their rudeness;
arrows the Python that had infested- the slopes near Delphi, he sang for the first time that song of victory, which, as th
nt, perhaps, the unregulated forces of vegetation; they were renowned for their strength, stature, and courage. They grew a
Diana, but Jupiter himself with his lightning slew them. They atoned for their presumption in Hades, where bound by serpen
darter was not felt by the monsters of darkness alone. His friendship for the young and the vigorous was frequently as dang
frequently as dangerous as it was dear to the objects of it. He was, for instance, passionately fond of a youth named Hyac
hunt, followed him in his excursions in the mountains, and neglected for him both lyre and arrows. One day they played a g
s flowers to the earth, so the head of the dying boy, as if too heavy for his neck, fell over on his shoulder . “Thou diest
th,” spake Phœbus, “robbed of thy youth by me. Would that I could die for thee! But since that may not be, my lyre shall ce
ed of the insult to his mother Clymene. She sent him to Phœbus to ask for himself whether he had not been truly informed co
Sun. He approached his father’s presence, but stopped at a distance, for the light was more than he could bear. Phœbus Apo
hat shone around his head, bade him approach, embraced him, owned him for his son, and swore by the river Styx144 that what
ight ask should be granted. Phaëton immediately asked to be permitted for one day to drive the chariot of the sun. The fath
careful driving. Tethys, who is waiting to receive me, often trembles for me lest I should fall headlong. Add to this that
eep in the well-worn ruts, and to drive neither too high nor too low, for the middle course was safest and best.145 Forthw
empty. The horses rushed headlong and left the travelled road. Then, for the first time, the Great and Little Bears were s
ns burned, —Athos and Taurus and Tmolus and Œte; Ida, once celebrated for fountains; the Muses’ mountain Helicon, and Hæmus
fe Doris, with the Nereïds, their daughters, sought the deepest caves for refuge. Thrice Neptune essayed to raise his head
ber as they dropped into the stream. The Italian Naiads reared a tomb for him, and inscribed these words upon the stone: —
ar me, god of the silver bow, ... let the Danaans pay by thine arrows for my tears!” Fig. 42. Apollo. [Wall painting: H
s of youth, And thou didst ever guide them: was it just To smite them for a beauty such as thine? Deserv’d they death becau
other in her pride repeat What every mortal said? One prayer remains For me to offer yet. Thy quiver holds More than nine
children will not hear the fatal twang.’”149 § 78. The Lamentation for Linus. — How the people of Argos fell under the d
wherefore Apollo sent against the land of the Argives a monster that for a season destroyed the children, but at last was
eed which so incensed Jupiter that he condemned him to serve a mortal for the space of one year. Accordingly, Apollo went i
nto the service of Admetus, king of Thessaly, and pastured his flocks for him on the verdant banks of the river. Amphrysus.
e his careless words their law. They knew not how he learned at all, For idly, hour by hour, He sat and watched the dead l
wer. It seemed the loveliness of things Did teach him all their use, For , in mere weeds, and stones, and springs, He found
§ 81. Admetus and Alcestis. 152 — Admetus was a suitor, with others, for the hand of Alcestis, the daughter of Pelias, who
stis, the daughter of Pelias, who promised her to him who should come for her in a chariot drawn by lions and boars. This t
not so. Brave warriors, who would willingly have perilled their lives for their prince, shrunk from the thought of dying fo
rilled their lives for their prince, shrunk from the thought of dying for him on the bed of sickness; and old servants who
s, resolved to attempt her rescue. Said he: — “I will go lie in wait for Death, black-stoled King of the corpses!153 I sha
p he caught, And over shoulder cast the lion-shag, Let the club go, — for had he not those hands? And so went striding off,
And more glad, until gladness blossoms, bursts Into a rage to suffer for mankind, And recommence at sorrow: drops like see
ff strode Herakles. Long time the Thessalians waited and mourned. As for Herakles, no doubt they supposed him dead. When —
ed Worst brute to breast was ever strangled yet? Somehow, a victory — for there stood the strength, Happy, as always; somet
nly in Arcadia, Laconia, and Thessaly did Apollo care, as a herdsman, for the cattle of a mortal master; in Mount Ida, too,
a mortal master; in Mount Ida, too, by the order of Jupiter he herded for a year the “shambling, crook-horned kine” of King
sfortune under an ample turban But his hair-dresser found it too much for his discretion to keep such a secret; he dug a ho
s bow and arrows, had tauntingly advised him to leave warlike weapons for hands worthy of them and content himself with the
one Apollo, through the heart. Forthwith the god was seized with love for the maiden, but she, more than ever, abhorred the
saw her lips, and was not satisfied with only seeing them. He longed for Daphne. He followed her; she fled, swifter than t
treaties. “Stay,” said he, “daughter of Peneüs; I am not a foe. It is for love I pursue thee. I am no clown, no rude peasan
my wife,” said he, “thou shalt assuredly be my tree. I will wear thee for my crown. I will decorate with thee my harp and m
t the triumphal pomp to the Capitol, thou shalt be woven into wreaths for their brows. And, as eternal youth is mine, thou
n a laurel tree’s shade, Was reminded of Daphne, of whom it was made, For the god being one day too warm in his wooing, She
ss! What romance would be left? — who can flatter or kiss trees? And, for mercy’s sake, how could one keep up a dialogue Wi
ing to some, it was she, too, that changed Callisto into a bear, when for love of Jupiter that nymph deserted the huntress-
unerring bow toward those who offended her. How she served Agamemnon for slaying one of her hinds is told in the story of
of her hinds is told in the story of Troy;165 how she punished Œneus for omitting a sacrifice to her is narrated in the ep
.” The nymph ran, the god pursued. Arethusa, at last exhausted, cried for help to Diana, who, hearing, wrapped her votary i
e Dorian deep. “Oh, save me! Oh, guide me! And bid the deep hide me, For he grasps me now by the hair!” The loud Ocean hea
er nymphs, she yet turned half away, and sought with a sudden impulse for her arrows. As they were not at hand, she dashed
iends and fellow-huntsmen cheered on the dogs, and looking everywhere for Actæon, called on him to join the sport. At the s
he should be away. He earnestly wished he was. But Diana had no pity for him, nor was her anger appeased till the dogs had
was a giant and a mighty hunter, whose prowess and manly favor gained for him the rare good-will of Diana. It is related th
tellation. Though their number was seven, only six stars are visible; for Electra, it is said, left her place that she migh
. Endymion. [Relief in the Capitoline Museum, Rome: Roscher 7: 1246.] For one calm, clear night, Selene looked down upon th
But her secret could not long be hidden from the company of Olympus. For more and more frequently she was absent from her
the loves of the worshippers at her shrine. Of the affection of Venus for Mars and of her relations with Anchises,175 the f
and Amathus, rich in metals. She absented herself even from Olympus, for Adonis was dearer to her than heaven. Him she fol
— Fig. 51. Celestial Venus. [Wall painting: H. and P.] The Lament for Adonis.177 … Low on the hills is lying the lovel
hile Adonis was living, but her beauty has died with Adonis! Woe, woe for Cypris, the mountains all are saying. And the oak
r Cypris, the mountains all are saying. And the oak-trees answer, Woe for Adonis! And the rivers bewail the sorrows of Aphr
the wells are weeping Adonis on the mountains. The flowers flush red for anguish, and Cytherea through all the mountain-kn
ain-knees, through every dell doth shrill the piteous dirge: Woe, woe for Cytherea, he hath perished, the lovely Adonis! …
oaned, “Abide with me, Adonis, hapless Adonis, abide!… Awake, Adonis, for a little while, and kiss me yet again, the lastes
ss, and may not follow thee! Persephone, take thou my lover, my lord, for thyself art stronger than I, and all lovely thing
my anguish; and I lament mine Adonis, dead to me, and I have no rest for sorrow. “Thou diest, oh, thrice-desired, and my d
oves along the halls! With thee has the girdle of my beauty perished. For why, ah, overbold, didst thou follow the chase, a
asts?” So Cypris bewailed her, the Loves join in the lament: Woe, woe for Cytherea, he hath perished, the lovely Adonis! A
therea, he hath perished, the lovely Adonis! A tear the Paphian sheds for each blood-drop of Adonis, and tears and blood on
The blood brings forth the rose; the tears, the wind-flower. Woe, woe for Adonis, he hath perished, the lovely Adonis! … Ce
refrain from thy dirges. Thou must again bewail him, again must weep for him another year. § 94. Cupid and Psyche.178 — A
to him, bade him infuse into the bosom of that haughty girl a passion for some low, unworthy being. There were, in Venus’s
d the oracle of Apollo. They received answer, “The virgin is destined for the bride of no mortal lover. Her husband awaits
filled the people with dismay; but, at Psyche’s request, preparations for her fate were made. The royal maid took her place
. Her ears, too, were delighted with music from invisible performers. For a long time, she did not see her husband. He came
equal than adore me as a god.” This reasoning somewhat quieted Psyche for a time. But the thought of her parents and of her
e and uncovering her lamp — Scarce kept back a cry At what she saw; for there before her lay The very Love brighter than
her face, his hand did move; O then, indeed, her faint heart swelled for love, And she began to sob, and tears fell fast U
the lamp, there happed a little thing That quenched her new delight, for flickering The treacherous flame cast on his shou
of window. Psyche, in vain endeavoring to follow, fell to the earth. For but an instant Cupid, staying, reproached her wit
d them the story of her misfortunes, whereat they inwardly rejoiced. “ For now,” thought they, “he will perhaps choose one o
t, taunted her with the wound given to her husband, and insisted that for so ill-favored a girl there was no way of meritin
antity of wheat, barley, millet, vetches, beans, and lentils prepared for food for her pigeons, and gave order, “Take and s
wheat, barley, millet, vetches, beans, and lentils prepared for food for her pigeons, and gave order, “Take and separate a
isfortune thou hast enticed,” — threw the girl a piece of black bread for her supper, and departed. Next morning, however,
‘My mistress Venus entreats thee to send her a little of thy beauty, for in tending her sick son she hath lost some of her
asp, and fearfully raised up the lid; But what was there she saw not, for her head Fell back, and nothing she remembered Of
nought of rest she had, The hope of which makes hapless mortals glad; For while her limbs were sunk in deadly sleep Most li
eep Most like to death, over her heart ‘gan creep Ill dreams; so that for fear and great distress She would have cried, but
now perform the task imposed upon thee by my mother, and I will care for the rest.” Then Cupid, swift as lightning, penet
at led her through the world, — Love’s worshipper, — To seek on earth for him whose home was heaven! In the full city, — b
heat Of pale-mouthed prophet dreaming. “O brightest! though too late for antique vows, Too, too late for the fond believin
aming. “O brightest! though too late for antique vows, Too, too late for the fond believing lyre, When holy were the haunt
, Who breeding flowers, will never breed the same; And there shall be for thee all soft delight That shadowy thought can wi
§ 95. The loves of the devotees of Venus are as the sands of the sea for number. Below are given the fortunes of a few: Hi
Cynthia, — of mortal form, and with a woman’s heart. To all suitors ( for she had many) she made answer: “I will be the pri
dge. It was his thought, at first, that these suitors risked too much for a wife. But when he saw Atalanta lay aside her ro
sked too much for a wife. But when he saw Atalanta lay aside her robe for the race, he changed his mind, and began to swell
irgin, and said, “Why boast of beating those laggards? I offer myself for the contest.” Atalanta looked at him with pity in
ly a youth or not. While she hesitated, the spectators grew impatient for the contest, and her father prompted her to prepa
epare. Then Hippomenes addressed a prayer to Cypris: “Help me, Venus, for thou hast impelled me.” Venus heard, and was prop
. The signal was given. They both started; he, by one stride, first, For she half pitied him so beautiful, Running to meet
hight. At Sestos Hero dwelt; Hero the fair, Whom young Apollo courted for her hair, And offer’d as a dower his burning thro
air, And offer’d as a dower his burning throne, Where she should sit, for men to gaze upon… Some say, for her the fairest
urning throne, Where she should sit, for men to gaze upon… Some say, for her the fairest Cupid pin’d, And, looking in her
rtue hath an amorous look. It lies not in our power to love or hate, For will in us is overrul’d by fate. When two are str
maid? Ay me! such words as these should I abhor, And yet I like them for the orator.’ With that Leander stoop’d to have em
d sparrows: — ‘Come thither.’ As she spake this, her tongue tripp’d, For unawares, ‘Come thither,’ from her slipp’d; And s
s wings... Fig. 53. Genius with torch. [Wall painting: H. and P.] For a season all went well. Guided by a torch which h
nder toiling to his death. Nigh swooning he doth purse his weary lips For Hero’s cheek, and smiles against her smile. O hor
nst give, Oh, listen to a sculptor’s prayer, And bid mine image live! For me the ivory and gold That clothe her cedar frame
ing sun The lively image of his loved one. He trembled at the sight, for though her eyes, Her very lips, were such as he h
ke, “Wilt thou not come to me, O dear companion of my new found life, For I am called thy lover and thy wife?… “My sweet,”
s round white moon o’erhead, So that I trembled when I saw her there, For with my life was born some touch of dread, And th
heard her voice that said, ‘Come down and learn to love and be alive, For thee, a well-prized gift, to-day I give.’”189 A
nd empires fade, Immaculately pure: Exchange this endless life of art For beauty that must die, And blossom with a beating
their parents forbade. One thing, however, parents could not forbid ( for Venus and Cupid favored the match), — that love s
om the grass, they met at the accustomed spot, and arranged a meeting for that night, at a well-known edifice, standing wit
to disappoint her lover, stepped cautiously forth, looking anxiously for the youth, eager to tell him the danger she had e
the scabbard empty of its sword. “Thine own hand has slain thee, and for my sake,” she said. “I, too, can be brave for onc
and has slain thee, and for my sake,” she said. “I, too, can be brave for once, and my love is as strong as thine. But ye,
hou, tree, retain the marks of slaughter. Let thy berries still serve for memorials of our blood.” So saying, she plunged t
equence of the use made of it by Phaon, the women of Lesbos went wild for love of him. None, however, admired him more than
hemer subtle beyond all belief. He began playing on the lyre at noon; for , wandering out of the lofty cavern of Cyllene, he
laurel branches together, he made fire, and sacrificed, as an example for men to follow, two heifers to the twelve gods (hi
’s head that he stole not the cows, nor knew even what cows might be, for he had only that moment heard the name of them. A
m. Apollo proceeded to trounce the baby; with scant success, however, for Mercury persisted in his assumption of ignorance.
song, as did Apollo. It is said that the god of gain avenged himself, for this enforced rectitude, upon others: upon Venus,
ge to the Nysæan nymphs, who nourished his infancy and childhood, and for their care were placed by Jupiter as the Hyades,
n of Harmonia and Cadmus, was king. Pentheus, however, had no respect for the new worship, and forbade its rites to be perf
that he had touched at the island of Dia, and had sent his men ashore for fresh water. They returned, bringing with them a
t some god was concealed under the youth’s exterior, and asked pardon for the violence done. Whereupon the sailors, enraged
sailors, enraged by their lust of gain, exclaimed, “Spare thy prayers for us!” and, in spite of the resistance offered by A
Acetes, thrust the captive youth on board and set sail. Then Bacchus ( for the youth was indeed he), as if shaking off his d
but, preventing the pilot from steering toward Naxos, they bore away for Egypt, where they might sell the lad into slavery
them his mother, Agave, and Autonoë and Ino, her sisters. Taking him for a wild boar, they rushed upon him and tore him to
rworld. Myths of Ceres, Pluto, and Proserpine. The search of Ceres for Proserpine, and of Orpheus for Eurydice, are stor
and Proserpine. The search of Ceres for Proserpine, and of Orpheus for Eurydice, are stories pertaining both to Earth an
ets, when Pluto saw her, loved her, and carried her off. She screamed for help to her mother and her companions; but the ra
ome poppies. Then, entering the cottage, where all was in distress, — for the boy, Triptolemus, seemed past recovery, — she
stonishment, she said, “Mother, thou hast been cruel in thy fondness; for I would have made thy son immortal. Nevertheless,
t her, and mounting her chariot rode away. Ceres continued her search for her daughter, till at length she returned to Sici
mph would have told the goddess all she had witnessed, but dared not, for fear of Pluto; so she ventured merely to take up
d and plague, until, at last, the fountain Arethusa made intercession for the land. For she had seen that it opened only un
until, at last, the fountain Arethusa made intercession for the land. For she had seen that it opened only unwillingly to t
roserpine. Accompanying his words with the lyre, he sang his petition for his wife. Without her he would not return. In suc
the very ghosts shed tears. Tantalus, in spite of his thirst, stopped for a moment his efforts for water, Ixion’s wheel sto
s. Tantalus, in spite of his thirst, stopped for a moment his efforts for water, Ixion’s wheel stood still, the vulture cea
water in a sieve,207 and Sisyphus sat on his rock to listen.208 Then for the first time, it is said, the cheeks of the Fur
hat madness hath undone Me! and, ah, wretched! thee, my Orpheus, too! For lo! the cruel Fates recall me now; Chill slumbers
d earth-protector. Of his contests with other gods, that with Minerva for Athens has been related. He contested Corinth wit
e overthrow of the giants. They were compelled, it is said, to resign for a season their respective functions, and to serve
üs to draw water, was pursued by a satyr, Neptune gave ear to her cry for help, despatched the satyr, made love to the maid
mparted skill in training and driving horses, — and with good effect. For it happened that Pelops fell in love with Hippoda
nd from that treachery sprang the misfortunes of the house of Pelops. For Myrtilus, dying, cursed the murderer and his race
vished her love upon him, tried to content him, but in vain. He cared for his young wife Procris more than for the goddess.
ntent him, but in vain. He cared for his young wife Procris more than for the goddess. Finally Aurora dismissed him in disp
re in his wife. She being a favorite of Diana, had received from her, for the chase, a dog and a javelin, which she handed
iftest fox in the country, he was changed with his victim into stone. For the heavenly powers who had made both, and rejoic
, in dull amaze, Beholding with the hours her husband changed, Sighed for his lost caress, by some hard god estranged. So,
t spear devious flew, And harmless swerved her arrows from their aim, For ever, as the ivory bow she drew, Before her ran t
, to consult the oracle of Apollo. In spite of his wife’s entreaties ( for as daughter of the god of winds, she knew how dre
Juno. The goddess, at last, could not bear to be further pleaded with for one already dead. Calling Iris, she enjoined her
as she flew. By the mercy of the gods Ceÿx was likewise transformed. For seven days before and seven days after the winter
f the East, Far-folded mists, and gleaming halls of morn. “Alas! for this gray shadow, once a man — So glorious in h
eyond the goal of ordinance Where all should pause, as is most meet for all? “A soft air fans the cloud apart; there c
t they blind the stars, and the wild team Which love thee, yearning for thy yoke, arise, And shake the darkness from th
wept her son. Night spread the heaven with clouds; all nature mourned for the offspring of the Dawn. The Æthiopians raised
of tangled thickets mourn.”226 Many a poet has lamented the change. For even if the head did profit, for a time, by the r
Many a poet has lamented the change. For even if the head did profit, for a time, by the revolt against the divine prerogat
r, also, by his poem, The Gods of Greece, has immortalized his sorrow for the decadence of the ancient mythology. It was th
’s mingled nations, — Where Jews and Gentiles most are wont To throng for trade and last quotations, — Where, hour by hour,
ammer, And swift, on Music’s misty ways, It led, from all this strife for millions, To ancient sweet-do-nothing days Among
d the Dryads or Hamadryads, female. To these may be added the Naiads, for , although they dwelt in the streams, their associ
the nymphs, the Oreads and the Naiads were immortal. The love of Pan for Syrinx has already been mentioned, and his musica
a pillow well suited To a hybrid like me, Goat-bearded, goat-footed; For the boughs of the glade Meet above me, and throw
the displeasure of Juno, who condemned her to the loss of voice save for purposes of reply. Subsequently having fallen in
e river-god Cephissus, Echo found it impossible to express her regard for him in any way but by mimicking what he said; and
image in the water. He talked to it, tried to embrace it, languished for it, and pined until he died. Indeed, even after d
the boat to catch a look of itself in the waters. The nymphs mourned for Narcissus, especially the water-nymphs; and when
fresh water; kept them like the Naiad of the following verses, sacred for Diana, or some other divinity. “Dian white-arm’d
ing great shades, they drink, Gazing upon me, tame and sapphire-eyed; For , awed by my pale face, whose light Gleameth thro’
aithful thro’ shade and sun, That service due and done May haply earn for me a place divine Among the white-robed deities T
aucasus, the Oread stayed the dragons of Ceres that drew her chariot; for , afar off she beheld Famine, forespent with hunge
delivered the commands of Ceres; then returned in haste to Thessaly, for she herself began to be an hungered. The orders o
craved; till, in default of money, he sold his daughter into slavery for edibles. Neptune, however, rescued the girl by ch
wife of Andræmon, purposing, with her sister Iole, to gather flowers for the altars of the nymphs, plucked the purple blos
uth, and beauty still, As the immortal freshness of that grace Carved for all ages on some Attic frieze.236 The Hamadryad
Nature’s works Is thenceforth exiled and shut out from all. Farewell! for thou canst never see me more.” Then Rhœcus beat
t was clinging; advised Pomona, likewise, to choose some youth — say, for instance, the young Vertumnus — about whom to twi
jealous attentions of the Cyclops Polyphemus. Polyphemus in Love. — For the first time in his life the Cyclops began to c
s in Love. — For the first time in his life the Cyclops began to care for his appearance; he harrowed his coarse locks with
ow, thou gracious maiden, why it is that thou dost shun me. It is all for the shaggy brow that spans my forehead, from this
pple, and of myself, too, I sing, many a time, deep in the night. And for thee I tend eleven fawns, all crescent browed, an
ing, one day, in such wise, sung, Polyphemus wandered, beside himself for passion, into the woods. On a sudden he came in s
e sea was Glaucus, the son of that Sisyphus who was punished in Hades for his treachery to the gods. Glaucus had been a com
3. Glaucus and Scylla. [Wall painting: Roscher 10: 1684.] “I plunged for life or death. To interknit One’s senses with so
cus sought the aid of Circe, an enchantress. She, because she coveted for herself the handsome sea-green god, transformed h
n by Keats in the Endymion. Glaucus consents to Circe’s blandishments for a season. But becoming disgusted with her treache
another deity of the sea. His bees having perished, Aristæus resorted for aid to his mother. She, surrounded by her maidens
s’ pretensions. Then began a mighty struggle. Finding he was no match for Hercules in the wrestler’s art, Acheloüs glided a
orn away. This trophy the Naiads consecrated, and filled with flowers for the goddess of Plenty, who, adopting it as her sy
of lilies knitting The loose train of thy amber-dropping hair; Listen for dear honor’s sake, Goddess of the silver lake, L
ntemporaries may be called the Older Heroes. They are renowned either for individual exploits or for the part played by the
the Older Heroes. They are renowned either for individual exploits or for the part played by them in one or more of three g
great expeditions, — the War against Laomedon of Troy,257 the Voyage for the Golden Fleece,258 and the Hunt of the Calydon
ision of the Greek people derive their name. With the love of Jupiter for the sister of Phoroneus, the fair Io, we are alre
ughters, save Hypermnestra, slew their husbands on the wedding night. For this crime the forty-nine Danai’ds were condemned
guest. If thou holdest in honor illustrious descent, I claim Jupiter for my father; if mighty deeds, I plead the conquest
thrust the youth out. Whereupon Perseus, finding the giant too strong for him, held up the Gorgon’s head. Atlas, with all h
irst from modesty she was silent; but when he repeated his questions, for fear she might be thought guilty of some offence
breasting the ripple, and watching by sandbar and headland, Listening for laughter of maidens at bleaching, or song of the
urious attack by means of his wings. Wherever he could find a passage for his sword, he plunged it between the scales of fl
eus and Andromeda, repaired to the palace; where a banquet was opened for them. But in the midst of the festivities, a nois
who had formerly been betrothed to the bride, burst in demanding her for his own. In vain, Cepheus remonstrated that all s
ntified with Glaucus the fisherman. This Glaucus of Corinth was noted for his love of horse-racing, his fashion of feeding
mares on human flesh, and his destruction by the fury of his horses; for having upset his chariot, they tore their master
hero, but adding a request to his father-in-law to put him to death. For Proetus, suspecting that his wife Antea looked wi
lyidus, who counselled him to procure, if possible, the horse Pegasus for the conflict. Now this horse had been caught and
ecocious infant strangled them with his hands. In his youth he passed for the son of his step-father Amphitryon, king of Th
of Hercules.” Soon afterward he contended with none other than Apollo for the tripod of Delphi; but reconciliation was effe
d him into a deep sleep, from which he awoke in his right mind. Next, for expiation of the bloodshed, he was rendered subje
dship of the centaur Pholus, who receiving him hospitably, poured out for him without stint the choicest wine that the cent
had a herd of three thousand oxen, whose stalls had not been cleansed for thirty years. Hercules bringing the rivers Alpheü
gus: Roscher 2: 279.] The tenth task enjoined upon him was to capture for Eurystheus the oxen of Geryon, a monster with thr
f to Eurystheus. “Even so,” said Hercules; “but, pray, hold this load for me a moment, while I procure a pad to ease my sho
rty of Theseus, his admirer and imitator, who had been detained there for an attempt at abducting Proserpine.284 Fig. 8
encountered him, and finding that it was of no avail to throw him, — for he always rose with renewed strength from every f
ing, in a fit of madness, killed his friend Iphitus, he was condemned for the offence to spend three years as the slave of
vessel of bronze in his hand, went to draw water against supper-time, for Heracles himself and the steadfast Telamon, for t
against supper-time, for Heracles himself and the steadfast Telamon, for these comrades twain supped ever at one table. So
he water, intent on dipping it; but the nymphs all clung to his hand, for love of the Argive lad had fluttered the soft hea
houts out to the seamen, ‘Up with the gear, my lads, the wind is fair for sailing.’ “Then the nymphs held the weeping boy o
seize it, his readiest meal, even so the mighty Heracles, in longing for the lad, sped through the trackless briars, and r
oned to this… “Thus loveliest Hylas is numbered with the Blessed; but for a runaway they girded at Heracles — the heroes —
Omphale was ended, Hercules sailed with eighteen ships against Troy. For Laomedon, king of that realm, had refused to give
ve Hercules the horses of Neptune, which he had promised in gratitude for the rescue of his daughter Hesione from the sea-m
ylos and Sparta, his victory over the giants, his struggle with Death for the body and life of Alcestis,291 and his deliver
y came to a river, across which the centaur Nessus carried travellers for a stated fee. Hercules proceeded to ford the rive
husband. Dejanira did so. Before long, jealous of Hercules’ fondness for Iole of Œchalia, a captive maiden, she steeped a
n was finally reconciled to the offspring of Alcmena. She adopted him for her son, and gave him in marriage her daughter He
h at meeting, Gives the nectar to her lord.‌”296 Here we take leave for a time of the descendants of Inachus. We shall re
fleece. Jason, pleased with the thought, forthwith made preparations for the expedition. At that time the only species of
rk; Whose keel of wondrous length the skilful hand Of Argus fashioned for the proud attempt; And in the extended keel a lof
s against their producer, accepted the conditions; and a time was set for the undertaking. The hero, however, wisely spent
m to the plough. The Colchians stood in amazement; the Greeks shouted for joy. Next, the hero proceeded to sow the dragon’s
ished aloft their weapons, and rushed upon Jason. The Greeks trembled for their hero. Medea herself grew pale with fear. Th
for their hero. Medea herself grew pale with fear. The hero, himself, for a time, with sword and shield, kept his assailant
. These, with many other things “without a name,” she boiled together for her purposed work, stirring them with a dry olive
ther also to youth. Medea simulated consent, but prepared her caldron for him in a new and singular way. She put in only wa
y. She had, however, little profit of the fruits of her crime. Jason, for whom she had sacrificed so much, put her away, fo
her crime. Jason, for whom she had sacrificed so much, put her away, for he wished to marry Creüsa, princess of Corinth. W
inth. Whereupon Medea, enraged at his ingratitude, called on the gods for vengeance: then, sending a poisoned robe as a gif
der’s fork and blind-worm’s sting, Lizard’s leg, and howlet’s wing, — For a charm of powerful trouble Like a hell-broth boi
of Calydon. Meleager called on the heroes of Greece to join in a hunt for the ravenous monster. Theseus and his friend Piri
r saw, and with chivalric reverence, somewhat thus addressed her: — “ For thy name’s sake and awe toward thy chaste head, O
ares Praise thee, though fairer than whom all men praise, And godlike for thy grace of hallowed hair And holy habit of thin
and whirl it; yet we praise Gods, found because of thee adorable And for thy sake praiseworthiest from all men: Thee there
The Calydonian Hunt. [Relief: Baumeister.] But there was no time then for love: on to the hunt they pushed. To the hunt wen
d ear-deep with plunging feet; but she Saying, “Speed it as I send it for thy sake, Goddess,” drew bow and loosed; the sudd
nor heaved up hand; and this man first, Plexippus, crying out, “This for love’s sake, Sweet,” Drove at Meleager, who with
with spear straightening Pierced his cheek through; then Toxeus made for him, Dumb, but his spear shake; vain and violent
or him, Dumb, but his spear shake; vain and violent words, Fruitless; for him, too, stricken through both sides The earth f
Althæa has heard nothing. As she bears thank-offering to the temples for the victory of her son, the bodies of her murdere
ieks, and beats her breast, and hastens to change the garments of joy for those of mourning. But when the author of the dee
ver he desired; and as a test, he implored Neptune to send him a bull for sacrifice. The bull appeared; but Minos, astonish
pring, the Minotaur, a monster, bull-headed and man-bodied, remained, for many a day, a terror to Crete, — till finally a f
ror to Crete, — till finally a famous artificer, Dædalus, constructed for him a labyrinth, with passages and turnings windi
his way out. The Minotaur, roaming therein, lived upon human victims. For , it is said that, after Minos had subdued Megara,
. Dædalus and Icarus. 323 — Dædalus, who abetted the love of Pasiphaë for the Cretan bull, afterwards lost the favor of Min
ng no other way of escape, the artificer made, out of feathers, wings for his son Icarus and himself, which he fastened on
se of time, Theseus reached Athens; but here new dangers awaited him. For Medea, the sorceress, who had fled from Corinth a
a vessel bearing black sails, which he promised his father to change for white in the event of his returning victorious. S
ildering seas ye tossed the impassionate maiden Ever a-sighing, — aye for the fair-haired stranger a-sighing! Ah, what pond
ght of the monster! Not unaided, however, did he undertake the task; for Ariadne, apprehensive lest he might lose his way
iceless lip with unvoiced tribute of incense, Suppliant, not in vain: for , like to an oak upon Taurus, Gnarled, swinging hi
a forefend thy cruelly minded Counsel? Never a pity entreat thy bosom for shelter?… Hence, let never a maid confide in the
wolfish Scylla, or Syrtis, or vasty Charybdis, Thee, — thus thankful for life, dear gift of living, I gave thee?… Had it n
hy feet like a servant, Fain to bedeck thy couch with purple coverlet for thee. “But to the hollow winds why stand repeati
thee. “But to the hollow winds why stand repeating my quarrel, — I, for sorrow unselfed, — they, but breezes insensate, —
vehement plaining, Destitute, fired with rage, stark-blind, demented for fury! — As with careless heart yon Theseus sailed
cherished, Hiding away all trace of the solemn behest of his father. For , as was said before, Ægeus, on the departure of h
father. For, as was said before, Ægeus, on the departure of his son for Creta, had given him this command: “If Minerva, g
t her countless muster of sorrows. § 154. Bacchus and Ariadne. — But for the deserted daughter of Minos a happier fate was
arian, shrieking. So the grieving, much-wronged Ariadne was consoled for the loss of her mortal spouse by an immortal love
ed between the Lapithæ (of whom Pirithoüs was king) and the Centaurs. For it happened that at the marriage feast, the Centa
rried her off, only, however, to restore her at very short notice. As for Pirithoüs, he aspired to the wife of the monarch
, her love was changed to despair and hate. Hanging herself, she left for her husband a scroll containing false charges aga
estate. He, therefore, committed the child to a herdsman, with orders for its destruction; but the herdsman, moved with pit
n from the rock and perished. § 160. Œdipus, the King. — In gratitude for their deliverance, the Thebans’ made Œdipus their
light. At once, Jocasta put an end to her life by hanging herself. As for Œdipus, horror-struck, — When her form He saw,
to let him go. Jocasta’s brother, Creon, was made regent of the realm for the two sons of Œdipus. But, after Œdipus had gro
ls, and bade them fetch Clear water from the stream, and bring to him For cleansing and libation. And they went, Both of th
spent and gone; And ye no more shall lead your wretched life, Caring for me. Hard was it, that I know, My children! Yet on
e word is strong to loose, Although alone, the burden of these toils, For love in larger store ye could not have From any t
dition of the “Seven against Thebes,” which furnished ample materials for the epic and tragic poets of Greece. And here the
s, the brother-in-law of Adrastus. Amphiaraüs opposed the expedition, for being a soothsayer, he knew that none of the lead
rless woman whether she dared disobey the laws, she answered: — Yes, for it was not Zeus who gave them forth, Nor justice,
rth, Nor justice, dwelling with the gods below, Who traced these laws for all the sons of men; Nor did I deem thy edicts st
ever spoken. And before my time If I shall die, I reckon this a gain; For whoso lives, as I, in many woes, How can it be bu
as I, in many woes, How can it be but he shall gain by death? And so for me to bear this doom of thine Has nothing fearful
§ 165ª. Peleus 343 was the son of Æacus and grandson of Jove. It was for his father Æacus, king of Phthia in Thessaly, tha
e aid of Chiron, the Centaur, Peleus succeeded in winning the goddess for his bride. In this marriage to be productive of m
for his bride. In this marriage to be productive of momentous results for mortals, the immortals manifested a lively intere
us muster exultant, Heavy of hand with gifts, but blithesome of cheer for the joyance. Scyros behind they leave, they leave
n. Bright is the palace, ay, through far retreating recesses Blazing for sheen benign of the opulent gold and the silver:
has already been recounted, was here displayed in cunning handiwork. For , Theseus, the false lover, bold of hand but bad o
que and heroic figures was the famous quilt upon the couch of Thetis. For a season the wedding guests feasted their eyes up
e ears this day what oracles fall from the Sisters Chanting the fates for thee; — but you, ye destiny-drawing Spindles, has
ye destiny-drawing Spindles, hasten the threads of the destinies set for the future! “Rideth the orb upon high that heral
ove conjoined lovers so dearly, — Never with harmony such as endureth for Thetis and Peleus. Hasten; ye spindles, and run,
of Priam, whom he had loved. “So,” says Catullus , “sang the Fates. For those were the days before piety and righteous ac
d from earth before the Siege of Troy was undertaken. They are famous for their fraternal affection. Endowed with various m
y had attempted to abduct. Castor was slain; but Pollux, inconsolable for the loss of his brother, besought Jupiter to be p
er, besought Jupiter to be permitted to give his own life as a ransom for him. Jupiter so far consented as to allow the two
goddess threw a golden apple among the guests, with the inscription, “ For the fairest.” Thereupon Juno, Venus, and Minerva
d riches, Minerva glory and renown in war, Venus the fairest of women for his wife, — each attempting to bias the judge in
e, Helen, as fairest of her sex, was unfortunately the prize destined for Paris. This fair queen had in time past been soug
ecovering his wife. They came forward with a few exceptions. Ulysses, for instance, who had married a cousin of Helen’s, Pe
e, showed that his insanity was a mere pretence. Being himself gained for the undertaking, Ulysses lent his aid to bring in
here, Ulysses went disguised as a merchant to the palace, and offered for sale female ornaments, among which had been place
he state. These forebodings appeared, at last, likely to be realized; for the Grecian armament now in preparation was the g
cond only to Achilles in all the qualities of a hero; Ulysses, famous for sagacity; and Nestor, the oldest of the Grecian c
estor, the oldest of the Grecian chiefs, — to whom they all looked up for counsel. But Troy was no feeble enemy. Priam the
. Agamemnon, however reluctant, submitted to the inevitable, and sent for his daughter Iphigenia, under the pretence that h
ns that when the news of his death reached her, she implored the gods for leave to converse with him if but for three hours
ched her, she implored the gods for leave to converse with him if but for three hours. The request was granted. Mercury led
he roots. Wordsworth has taken the story of Protesilaüs and Laodamia for a poem invested with the atmosphere of the classi
side Of Hellespont (such faith was entertained) A knot of spiry trees for ages grew From out the tomb of him for whom she d
rtained) A knot of spiry trees for ages grew From out the tomb of him for whom she died; And ever when such stature they ha
§ 168. Homer’s Iliad.350 — The war continued without decisive result for nine years. Then an event occurred which seemed l
the fall of Troy, if her enemies only persevered. Yet there was room for chance sufficient to excite by turns the hopes an
ht put upon their charms by Paris, were hostile to the Trojans; Venus for the opposite cause favored them; she enlisted, al
uld yield the maiden, the cause of dispute, with ample gifts to atone for the wrong he had done. Agamemnon assented; and Ul
to return to the attack, and persisted in his determination to embark for Greece without delay. Meanwhile the Greeks having
d driving back the Trojans, Jupiter saw nothing of what was going on, for his attention had been drawn from the field by th
an calamities. He reminded him also how, at the time of the departure for Troy, Achilles and himself had been charged by th
riend, and to guide his inexperience. “Now,” said Nestor “is the time for such guidance. If the gods so please, thou mayest
the sight, relented so far as to entrust Patroclus with the Myrmidons for the onslaught, and to lend him his armor that he
armor, mounted the chariot of Achilles, and led forth the men ardent for battle. But before his friend went, Achilles stri
beholding the well-known armor, struck with terror, looked everywhere for refuge. First those who had got possession of the
s friends to save his body from the foe. Then a furious contest arose for the corpse. The Greeks succeeded in stripping Sar
his spear. He fell mortally wounded. Then arose a tremendous conflict for the body of Patroclus; but his armor was at once
d. The lightning flashed, the thunder roared, and Ajax, looking round for some one whom he might despatch to Achilles .to t
with the intelligence of Patroclus’ death, and of the conflict raging for his remains; and the Greeks at last succeeded in
eard the fate of his friend with such distress that Antilochus feared for a while lest he might destroy himself. His groans
armor, and promised, if he would but wait till the morrow, to procure for him a suit of armor from Vulcan more than equal t
d to Vulcan’s palace. She found him busy at his forge, making tripods for his own use, so artfully constructed that they mo
ned to comply with her wishes. He fabricated a splendid suit of armor for Achilles; first a shield adorned with elaborate d
. Then Achilles went forth to battle, inspired with a rage and thirst for vengeance that made him irresistible. The bravest
he battle. Achilles, when the mist cleared away, looked round in vain for his adversary, and acknowledging the prodigy, tur
ple went to this day’s contest where so many have fallen, seek refuge for myself from a single foe? Or shall I offer to yie
ned, herself a captive, and her son, the youthful Astyanax, dependent for his bread on the charity of strangers. After Achi
m draw forth his litter and place in it the various articles designed for a ransom to Achilles. When all was ready, the old
had, one more than all the rest the strength of my age, whom fighting for his country thou hast slain. His body I come to r
ransom with me. Achilles! reverence the gods! recollect thy father ! for his sake show compassion to me!” These words move
riam, I know that thou hast reached this place conducted by some god, for without aid divine no mortal even in his prime of
ven in his prime of youth had dared the attempt. I grant thy request, for I am moved thereto by the manifest will of Jove.”
and unloaded of its charge the litter, leaving two mantles and a robe for the covering of the body. This they placed on the
the old king, having first pledged himself to a truce of twelve days for the funeral solemnities. Fig. 97. Ransom of He
use or abatement of their grief. The next day, preparations were made for the funeral solemnities. For nine days the people
ef. The next day, preparations were made for the funeral solemnities. For nine days the people brought wood and built the p
riam — perhaps on occasion of the truce which was allowed the Trojans for the burial of Hector — he was captivated with her
, fatally wounded him in the heel. This was his only vulnerable spot; for Thetis having dipped him when an infant in the ri
t of him invulnerable except that by which she held him.358 Contest for the Arms of Achilles. — The body of Achilles so t
the nymph Œnone, whom he had married when a youth, and had abandoned for the fatal beauty of Helen. Œnone, remembering the
e Greeks then betook themselves to their ships and sailed away, as if for a final departure. The Trojans, seeing the encamp
u not learned enough of Grecian fraud to be on your guard against it? For my part, I fear the Greeks even when they offer g
them that it was a propitiatory offering to Minerva, and made so huge for the express purpose of preventing its being carri
the express purpose of preventing its being carried within the city; for Calchas the prophet had told them that if the Tro
ve him, though she had yielded to the might of Venus and deserted him for another.367 After the death of Paris, she aided t
o Menelaüs, and they were among the first to leave the shores of Troy for their native land. But having incurred the disple
len; no uncourtly gift.”368 Milton also alludes to a famous recipe for an invigorating draught called Nepenthe, which th
pected, she with her paramour, Ægisthus, son of Thyestes, laid a plan for his destruction. Cassandra warned the king, but a
of the ancients, he met by the way his sister Electra. Mistaking her for one of the domestics, and desirous of keeping his
ers. — Sailing thence they were overtaken by a storm which drove them for nine days till they reached the country of the Lo
aces of our wives And their warm tears: but all hath suffered change; For surely now our household hearths are cold: Our so
the wild productions of the island, and on what their flocks yielded, for they were shepherds. Ulysses left the main body o
t anchor, and with one vessel went to the Cyclopes’ island to explore for supplies. He landed with his companions, carrying
lies. He landed with his companions, carrying with them a jar of wine for a present. Coming to a large cave they entered it
uld not draw. Next, he sat down and milked his ewes, preparing a part for cheese, and setting the rest aside for his custom
ked his ewes, preparing a part for cheese, and setting the rest aside for his customary drink. Then turning round his one h
ter him. When he was gone Ulysses planned how he might take vengeance for his murdered friends, and effect his escape with
ons. He made his men prepare a massive bar of wood cut by the Cyclops for a staff, which they found in the cave. They sharp
.” He took and drank it, and was hugely delighted with it, and called for more. Ulysses supplied him once and again, which
tance Ulysses shouted out, “Cyclops, the gods have well requited thee for thy atrocious deeds. Know it is Ulysses to whom t
pitable King Æolus to their commander. Tempted to secure some portion for themselves they loosed the string, when immediate
eir oars vigorously, and they escaped. The Isle of Ææa. — With grief for their slain companions mixed with joy at their ow
ed by lions, tigers and wolves, not fierce, but tamed by Circe’s art, for she was a powerful magician. These animals had on
again, — if men but hoping Behind death’s doors security of sleep; — For yet to laugh is somewhat, and to sleep; — To feel
on her with fury in his countenance. She fell on her knees and begged for mercy. He dictated a solemn oath that she would r
cliff, from whence she was accustomed to thrust forth her long necks ( for she had six heads), and in each of her mouths to
d of the Sun without stopping, but his companions so urgently pleaded for the rest and refreshment that would be derived fr
eople kept their oath; but contrary winds detained them at the island for a month, and after consuming all their stock of p
ysses, they slew some of the cattle, vainly attempting to make amends for the deed by offering from them a portion to the o
ed Ulysses with the means of constructing a raft, provisioned it well for him, and gave him a favoring gale. He sped on his
him, and gave him a favoring gale. He sped on his course prosperously for many days, till at last, when in sight of land, a
h, and lived in the enjoyment of it undisturbed by the alarms of war: for , as they dwelt remote from gain-seeking man, no e
ht not be far distant, and that it would be but a prudent preparation for that event to have a general washing of the cloth
eral washing of the clothes of the family. This was no slight affair, for the fountains were at some distance, and the garm
her readily assented, and ordered the grooms to furnish forth a wagon for the purpose. The clothes were put therein; and th
gins at sight of him fled in all directions, Nausicaä alone excepted, for her Minerva aided and endowed with courage and di
t the fair object (whether queen or goddess he professed he knew not) for food and clothing. The princess replied courteous
he told them, was an unhappy wanderer, whom it was a duty to cherish, for the poor and the stranger are from Jove. She bade
proach the city she desired that he no longer be seen in her company, for she feared the remarks which rude and vulgar peop
ich were a farm and garden belonging to the king. After allowing time for the princess and her companions to reach the city
ty, on approaching which he met a young woman bearing a pitcher forth for water. It was Minerva who had assumed that form.
the king. The maiden replied respectfully, offering to be his guide; for the palace, she informed him stood near her fathe
o grind the corn, others to wind off the purple wool or ply the loom. For the Phæacian women as far exceeded all other wome
rt’s desire. Ulysses stood gazing in admiration, unobserved himself, for the cloud which Minerva spread around him still s
g, he seated himself in the manner of suppliants, at the hearth side. For a time none spoke. At last an aged statesman, add
ses and led him to a seat, displacing thence his own son to make room for the stranger. Food and wine were set before him a
t day he would call them to council to consider what had best be done for the stranger. When the guests had departed, and U
st their proficiency in manly sports, and all went forth to the arena for games of running, wrestling, and other exercises.
d ill, Took from him sight, but gave him strains divine.” He took for his theme the Wooden Horse, by means of which the
y. This narrative raised the sympathy and admiration of the Phæacians for their guest to the highest pitch. The king propos
. § 173. Fate of the Suitors. — Ulysses had now been away from Ithaca for twenty years, and when he awoke he did not recogn
a hundred nobles of Ithaca, and of the neighboring islands, had been for years suing for the hand of Penelope, his wife, i
s of Ithaca, and of the neighboring islands, had been for years suing for the hand of Penelope, his wife, imagining him dea
marriage, had won her over all competitors. But, when the moment came for the bride to leave her father’s house, Icarius, u
suitors, from whom there seemed no refuge but in choosing one of them for her husband. She, however, employed every art to
husband. She, however, employed every art to gain time, still hoping for Ulysses’ return. One of her arts of delay was by
One of her arts of delay was by engaging in the preparation of a robe for the funeral canopy of Lærtes, her husband’s fathe
wine-herd, a faithful servant of his house. Telemachus, his son, had, for some time, been absent in quest of his father, vi
sent to the palace to inform Penelope privately of her son’s arrival, for caution was necessary with regard to the suitors,
an mortal. But Ulysses announced himself as his father, and accounted for the change of appearance, by explaining that it w
ogether how they should get the better of the suitors and punish them for their outrages. It was arranged that Telemachus s
him insulted, or beaten, not to interpose otherwise than he might do for any stranger. At the palace, they found the usual
e of her suitors so long, that there seemed to be no further pretence for delay. The continued absence of her husband seeme
whose arrow was sent through the whole twelve, was to have the queen for his prize. A bow that one of his brother heroes h
es and Euryclea. [Relief: Roscher 9: 1423.] All things being prepared for the trial, the first thing to be done was to bend
spoke Ulysses, humbly suggesting that he should be permitted to try; for , said he, “beggar as I am, I was once a soldier,
itors hooted with derision, and commanded to turn him out of the hall for his insolence. But Telemachus spoke up for him, a
o turn him out of the hall for his insolence. But Telemachus spoke up for him, and merely to gratify the old man, bade him
thout allowing them time to express their astonishment, he said, “Now for another mark!” and aimed direct at the most insol
prang to the side of Ulysses. The suitors, in amazement, looked round for arms, but found none, neither was there any way o
round for arms, but found none, neither was there any way of escape, for Eumæus had secured the door. Ulysses left them no
substance they had squandered, whose wife and son they had persecuted for ten long years; and told them he meant to have am
cudding drifts the rainy Hyades Vext the dim sea: I am become a name; For always roaming with a hungry heart Much have I se
al silence, something more, A bringer of new things; and vile it were For some three suns to store and hoard myself And thi
rld. Push off, and sitting well in order smite The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset, and t
ant of the conquered people, under their chief Æneas, in their search for a new home, after the ruin of their native city.
oaming over the plain. They slew as many as they wished, and prepared for a feast. But no sooner had they seated themselves
ords, and dealt vigorous blows among the monsters, but to no purpose, for they were so nimble it was almost impossible to h
owards their destined shore, felt her old grudge against them revive, for she could not forget the slight that Paris had pu
ne, hearing the storm raging, and knowing that he had given no orders for one, raised his head above the waves, and saw the
le. Understanding the hostility of Juno, he was at no loss to account for it, but his anger was not the less at this interf
h games of strength and skill were exhibited. The strangers contended for the palm with her own subjects, on equal terms, t
lled with admiration of his exploits. She conceived an ardent passion for him, and he for his part seemed well content to a
tion of his exploits. She conceived an ardent passion for him, and he for his part seemed well content to accept the fortun
n to detain him. The blow to her affection and her pride was too much for her to endure, and when she found that he was gon
ospitable reception, the Trojans reembarked, and held on their course for Italy. Venus now interceded with Neptune to allow
an end of his perils on the deep. Neptune consented, stipulating only for one life as a ransom for the rest. The victim was
he deep. Neptune consented, stipulating only for one life as a ransom for the rest. The victim was Palinurus, the pilot. As
t helm or pilot, till Æneas discovered his loss, and sorrowing deeply for his faithful steersman took charge of the ship hi
ard the more bravely.” 384 Æneas replied that he had prepared himself for whatever might await him. He had but one request
approach of the deities. “Now,” said the Sibyl, “summon thy courage, for thou shalt need it.” She descended into the cave
cks that fly southward at the approach of winter. They stood pressing for a passage and longing to touch the opposite shore
take him in company to the opposite shore. But the Sibyl rebuked him for the wish thus to transgress the laws of Pluto; bu
the form of Dido, with a wound still recent. In the dim light he was for a moment uncertain, but approaching, perceived it
. Stop, I beseech thee, and refuse me not a last farewell.” She stood for a moment with averted countenance, and eyes fixed
y passed on, as insensible to his pleadings as a rock. Æneas followed for some distance; then, with a heavy heart, rejoined
in fidelity to their employers. Here was one who had sold his country for gold, another who perverted the laws, making them
ter, yet he was parched with thirst, and found nothing to assauge it; for when he bowed his hoary head, eager to quaff, the
o I behold thee after such perils past? O my son, how have I trembled for thee, as I have watched thy ‘ course!” To which Æ
can be so in love with life, as to wish to leave these tranquil seats for the upper world?” Anchises replied by explaining
hdays as there are sand-grains in my hand.’ Unluckily I forgot to ask for enduring youth. This also he would have granted,
pressed by hunger to devour their tables. This portent now came true; for as they took their scanty meal, seated on the gra
n were sent to the village of Latinus, bearing presents and a request for friendship and alliance. They went and were favor
gifts and friendly messages. Juno, seeing things go thus prosperously for the Trojans, felt her old animosity revive, summo
. — It was the custom of the country, when war was to be undertaken, for the chief magistrate, clad in his robes of office
asenus, which, swelled by rains, seemed to debar a passage. He paused for a moment, then decided what to do. He tied the in
the wild swan. Her dress was a tiger’s skin. Many mothers sought her for a daughter-in-law, but she continued faithful to
of the river and all his tributary fountains to lend their aid. Then for the first time a vessel filled with armed warrior
and his party, and were most favorably received. Seats were provided for them at the tables, and the repast proceeded. In
ke the cattle nor raise a harvest, nor provide from present abundance for future want; but browsed like beasts upon the lea
ed with leaves and covered with the skin of a Libyan bear, was spread for Æneas. Next morning, awakened by the dawn and the
te thy great exploits.” Then the king ordered horses to be furnished for the Trojan chiefs, and Eneas, with a chosen band
, Turnus had collected his bands, and made all necessary preparations for the war. Juno sent Iris to him with a message inc
far otherwise. There all was watchfulness and anxiety, and impatience for Eneas’ return. Nisus stood guard at the entrance
f the camp, and Euryalus, a youth distinguished above all in the army for graces of person and fine qualities, was with him
our chief. If I succeed, the glory of the deed will be reward enough for me, and if they judge the service deserves anythi
er alone? Not so my brave father brought me up, nor so have I planned for myself when I joined the standard of Æneas, and r
, “I have but one boon to ask. My aged mother is with me in the camp. For me she left the Trojan soil, and would not stay b
qual in strength, the war began in good earnest. We cannot find space for all the details, but must simply record the fate
has made the words proverbial, “He fell, unhappy, by a wound intended for another, looked up to the skies, and, dying, reme
Æneas bent over him in pity. “Hapless youth,” he said, “what can I do for thee worthy of thy praise? Keep those arms in whi
slain. Of Camilla. — After the battle, there was a cessation of arms for some days to allow both armies to bury their dead
e. At last an Etruscan named Aruns, who had watched her long, seeking for some advantage, observed her pursuing a flying en
ergency, and impenetrable armor fabricated by Vulcan, at her request, for her son. Turnus, on the other hand, was deserted
pierced his thigh. Then Turnus’ fortitude forsook him, and he begged for mercy; Æneas, indeed, would have spared his oppon
to infer that Æneas, having triumphed over his foes, obtained Lavinia for his bride. Tradition adds that he founded a city
pleased with their new work, but found that it was still incomplete, for it was without human beings. They therefore took
nly by crossing the bridge, Bifrost (the rainbow). Asgard — Gladsheim for the gods, Vingolf for the goddesses — consists of
idge, Bifrost (the rainbow). Asgard — Gladsheim for the gods, Vingolf for the goddesses — consists of golden and silver pal
, Geri and Freki, to whom Odin gives the meat that is set before him, for he himself stands in no need of food. Mead is for
is set before him, for he himself stands in no need of food. Mead is for him both food and drink. He invented the Runic ch
with his chosen heroes, all those who have fallen bravely in battle, for all who die a peaceful death are excluded. The fl
The flesh of the boar Serimnir is served up to them, and is abundant for all. For although this boar is cooked every morni
h of the boar Serimnir is served up to them, and is abundant for all. For although this boar is cooked every morning, he be
his boar is cooked every morning, he becomes whole again every night. For drink the heroes are supplied abundantly with mea
he day of the final contest; he therefore sends to every battle-field for the bravest of those who shall be slain. The Valk
know to their cost, when they see it hurled against them in the air, for it has split many a skull of their fathers and ki
red miles around him. So, acute is his ear that no sound escapes him, for he can even hear the grass grow, — and the wool o
h forms the hangings of her apartments. She may easily be recognized, for her body is half flesh color and half blue, and s
. Finally the gods sent a messenger to the mountain spirits, who made for them the chain called Gleipnir. It is fashioned o
of the Frost giants and the giants of the mountains. But he demanded for his reward the goddess Freya, together with the s
he first day of winter, and during the night let his horse draw stone for the building. The enormous size of the stones str
r bargain, however, had been concluded and confirmed by solemn oaths, for without these precautions a giant would not have
should lose his reward. That night when the man went with Svadilfari for building-stone, a mare suddenly ran out of a fore
with the sun and moon, and not even by sending him back to Jötunheim, for with the first blow he shattered the giant’s skul
bride with due courtesy, but was greatly surprised at seeing her eat for her supper eight salmons and a full-grown ox besi
of mead. Loki, however, assured him that she had not tasted anything for eight long nights, so great was her desire to see
day Thor, with his servant Thialfi, and accompanied by Loki, set out for the giants’ country. Thialfi was of all men the s
they found themselves in an immense forest, and searched on all sides for a place where they might pass the night. At last
ear him a huge giant, still snoring in the way that had alarmed them. For once Thor was afraid to use his mallet, and as th
“My name is Skrymir,” said the giant, “but I need not ask thy name, for I know that thou art the god Thor. But what has b
of my glove?” Thor then perceived that what they had taken overnight for a hall was the giant’s glove, and the chamber whe
. So they travelled the whole day, and at dusk, Skrymir chose a place for them to pass the night in under a large oak tree.
st then awoke, and that as it was only midnight, there was still time for sleep. He however resolved that if he had an oppo
orn fell on my head. What! Art, thou awake, Thor? Methinks it is time for us to get up and dress ourselves; but you have no
advise you, when you come there, not to make too much of yourselves, for the followers of Utgard-Loki will not brook the b
from them into the forest, and Thor had no wish to stop him or to ask for any more of his company. Thor and his companions
t are the feats that thou and thy fellows deem yourselves skilled in, for no one is permitted to remain here who does not,
went with all who were present to a plain where there was good ground for running on, and calling a young man named Hugi, b
ked Thor in what feats he would choose to give proofs of that prowess for which he was so famous. Thor answered that he wou
had not already observed that thou art by no means what we took thee for .” As he finished speaking a large gray cat spran
break of day, Thor and his companions dressed themselves and prepared for their departure. Utgard-Loki ordered a table to b
d prepared for their departure. Utgard-Loki ordered a table to be set for them, on which there was no lack of victuals or d
whom Thialfi contended in running, was Thought, and it was impossible for Thialfi to keep pace with that. When thou in thy
lous, that had I not seen it myself, I should never have believed it. For one end of that horn reached the sea, which thou
one of his paws was off the floor, we were all of us terror-stricken, for what thou tookest for a cat was in reality the Mi
f the floor, we were all of us terror-stricken, for what thou tookest for a cat was in reality the Midgard serpent that enc
d and tail. Thy wrestling with Elli was also a most astonishing feat, for there was never yet a man, nor ever will be, whom
feat, for there was never yet a man, nor ever will be, whom Old Age, for such in fact was Elli, will not sooner or later l
now, as we are going to part, let me tell thee that it will be better for both of us if thou never come near me again, for
at it will be better for both of us if thou never come near me again, for shouldst thou do so, I shall again defend myself
senger, drew his secret from him, and undertook to get him the maiden for his bride, if he would give him his sword as a re
the half.” So Freyr obtained Gerda, the most beautiful of all women, for his wife, but he lost his sword. § 182. The Death
arm to Balder. Odin, not satisfied with all this, and feeling alarmed for the fate of his son, determined to consult the pr
stones, while others hewed at him with their swords and battle-axes; for do what they would none of them could harm him. A
igga, “neither stones, nor sticks, nor anything else can hurt Balder, for I have exacted an oath from all of them.”“What,”
in’s will. He bade them not to spend themselves in unavailing grief, for Balder, though the brightest god of heaven, and b
swiftest of the gods, — Nor yet could Hermod see his brother’s face, For it grew dark; but Höder touched his arm. And as a
“Who is it utters through the dark his hest So quickly, and will wait for no reply? The voice was like the unhappy Höder’s
like the unhappy Höder’s voice. Howbeit I will see, and do his hest; For there rang note divine in that command.” So speak
mbled on their golden beds Hearing the wrathful father* coming home — For dread, for like a whirlwind Odin came. And to Val
eir golden beds Hearing the wrathful father* coming home — For dread, for like a whirlwind Odin came. And to Valhalla’s gat
ghosts, the troops of dead, Whom Hela with austere control presides. For of the race of gods is no one there Save me alone
e race of gods is no one there Save me alone, and Hela, solemn queen; For all the nobler souls of mortal men On battle fiel
ed. With the morn Hermod, mounting Sleipnir, set out on his mission. For the space of nine days and as many nights he rode
” she added, “all things in the world, both living and lifeless, weep for him, then shall he return to life; but if any one
at heaven!” She spake, but Hermod answered her and said, “Thok, not for gibes we come; we come for tears. Balder is dead,
t Hermod answered her and said, “Thok, not for gibes we come; we come for tears. Balder is dead, and Hela holds her prey, B
with a louder laugh, the hag replied: Is Balder dead? and do ye come for tears? Thok with dry eyes will weep o’er Balder’s
it to the sea-shore where stood Balder’s ship Hringham, which passed for the largest in the world. Balder’s dead body was
an form and great understanding. They were particularly distinguished for a knowledge of the mysterious powers of nature, a
distinguished for a knowledge of the mysterious powers of nature, and for the runes which they carved and explained. They w
stands up and sounds the Giallar horn to assemble the gods and heroes for the contest. The gods advance, led on by Odin, wh
and so far is well. Yet here thou liest, Balder, underground, Rusting for ever; and the years roll on, The generations pass
h shall march the fiery band And cross the bridge of heaven, with Lok for guide, And Fenris at his heel with broken chain;
us then.” He spake; but Balder answered him, and said: — “Mourn not for me! Mourn, Hermod, for the gods; Mourn for the me
ut Balder answered him, and said: — “Mourn not for me! Mourn, Hermod, for the gods; Mourn for the men on earth, the gods in
im, and said: — “Mourn not for me! Mourn, Hermod, for the gods; Mourn for the men on earth, the gods in heaven, Who live, a
t were, is my enforced Absence from fields where I could nothing aid; For I am long since weary of your storm Of carnage, a
izzy with the arrowy hail; Mine ears are stunned with blows, and sick for calm. Inactive, therefore, let me lie in gloom, U
hts of other days. O Hermod, pray that thou may’st join us then! Such for the future is my hope; meanwhile, I rest the thra
ich round me even now Thickens, and to inner gulph recalls. Farewell, for longer speech is not allowed.” Chapter XXXI
gers wrought never better steel Since first the burg of heaven uprose for man-folks weal. Now let the man among you whose h
e heart and hand may shift To pluck it from the oak-wood e’en take it for my gift. Then ne’er, but his own heart falter, it
-folk, O Volsung Sons be wise, And reap the battle-acre that ripening for you lies: For they told me in the wild wood, I he
ng Sons be wise, And reap the battle-acre that ripening for you lies: For they told me in the wild wood, I heard on the mou
and groweth poor and vile: — All hail to thee, King Volsung! farewell for a little while! ” So sweet his speaking sounded,
id he wend; And none would cast him a question or follow on his ways, For they knew that the gift was Odin’s, a sword for t
r follow on his ways, For they knew that the gift was Odin’s, a sword for the world to praise. Then all made trial, Siggei
e as though it were loose in the oak. Whereupon Siggeir offered money for the sword, but Sigmund scorned the offer. But in
f and Sigmund, was grown to manhood. This youth bore Sigmund company. For a season, as wolves, they scoured the woods; fina
ain who also had loved the fair Hiordis, — he got his death-wound: — For lo, through the hedge of the warshafts a mighty m
ut changed were the eyes of Sigmund, and the war-wrath left his face; For that gray-clad mighty helper was gone, and in his
rdis, after Sigmund’s death, was born Sigurd, like whom was never man for comeliness and valor and great-heartedness and mi
ancient wrongs, incited him to the destruction of the dragon Fafnir. For Regin told that the gods, Odin, Loki, and Hœnir,
ell. And sitteth awhile on Greyfell on the marvellous thing to gaze: For lo, the side of Hindfell enwrapped by the fervent
change or smile, And but little moveth her body, nor speaketh she yet for a while; And yet kneels Sigurd, moveless, her wak
eyes. And mighty and measureless now did the tide of his love arise, For their longing had met and mingled, and he knew of
poured over her, dooming her to mortal awakening and to mortal love, for the evil she had wrought of old when she espoused
the fearless awaken; and her had Sigurd awakened; and she loved him, for he was without fear and godlike. And she taught h
d with feathers of gold alighted upon her wrist. She went to Brynhild for the interpretation of the dream. “The hawk,” said
others in urging his wife’s brother Gunnar, a doughty warrior, to sue for the hand of Brynhild herself. But Brynhild would
, Sigurd, assuming the form of King Gunnar, mounted Greyfell and rode for the second time through the flames of Hindfell. T
and he, since he had regained his memory, could not overcome his love for her. But the insult from Gudrun Brynhild would no
the country of death, And spake words of loving-kindness as he strove for life and breath; “Wail not, O child of the Niblun
urgundian land, husband of the proud Brunhild, whom Siegfried had won for him by stratagem not altogether unlike that of th
n for him by stratagem not altogether unlike that of the Norse story. For the Brunhild of the Ysselland had declared that s
ing the Tarnkappe, a cloak that rendered him invisible, had fulfilled for Gunther. He had also succored poor Gunther after
. He had also succored poor Gunther after his marriage with Brunhild. For that heroine, in contempt of Gunther’s strength,
she bore. How came it that their vassal to court declined to go, Nor for his land did homage, she inly yearned to know. S
n attempted to take precedence of the other in entering the cathedral for the celebration of the mass. Both met before the
ungs. But this treasure, after it has been brought to Worms, is sunk, for precaution’s sake, by Hagen, in the Rhine. Althou
ok. The letter C appended to a member indicates Commentary.] §§ 1-10. For information concerning mythical characters mentio
vale, Lond.: 1833; The Greek Anthology, by Lord Neaves, Anc. Classics for Engl. Readers Series, Lond.: 1874; Bohn’s Greek A
indar, etc., see, also, Collins’ excellent series of Ancient Classics for English Readers (Lippincott, Phila.); and the ser
d Eumenides, to illustrate §§ 167, 170; and the Seven against Thebes, for § 163. Of Sophocles read Œdipus Rex, Œdipus at Co
inal of Roman love-poets, gives us the Nuptials of Peleus and Thetis ( for selections in English hexameters, see §§ 153 and
tten by a friend of the cultivated Ovid. Translations and Studies. — For a general treatment of the great poets of Rome, t
me, the student is referred to W. L. Collins’ Series of Anc. Classics for Engl. Readers (Lippincott, Phila.). For the Cupid
lins’ Series of Anc. Classics for Engl. Readers (Lippincott, Phila.). For the Cupid and Psyche of Apuleius, read Walter Pat
, N.Y.: 1870. See, also, under Pope , and Wilkinson , p. 540. § 13. For Scandinavian literature, see foot-notes to pp. 30
runes, named ‘thorn’ and ‘wen,’ to represent sounds of ‘th’ and ‘w,’ for which the Latin alphabet had no letters provided.
e Stephens’ Old Northern Runic Monuments, 2 v., Lond.: 1866-68. § 14. For Translations of the Nibelungenlied, see § 185 C.
: 1866-68. § 14. For Translations of the Nibelungenlied, see § 185 C. For other German lays of myth, the Gudrun, the Great
useum; Miss A. B. Edwards’ A Thousand Miles up the Nile, Lond.: 1876. For the principal divinities, see Index to this work.
doos, 3 vols., Lond.: 1822. On Buddhism, read Arnold’s Light of Asia. For the chief divinities of the Hindus, see Index to
Troil. and Cressida 1: 2; Milton, P. L. 1: 199; Pope, Dunciad 4: 66. For giants, in general, see P. L. 3: 464; 11: 642, 68
n Ravenna, 1321. His Vita Nuova (New Life), recounting his ideal love for Beatrice Portinari, was written between 1290 and
tivity. After his return to Spain he was neglected by those in power. For full twenty years, he struggled for his daily bre
was neglected by those in power. For full twenty years, he struggled for his daily bread. Don Quixote was published in and
was preserved. See Max Müller, Sci. Relig., Lond.: 1873, p. 64. § 30. For genealogy of the race of Inachus, Phoroneus, Pela
us is frequently regarded as the grandson, not the son, of Phoroneus. For the descendants of Deucalion and Hellen, see § 13
al immoralities of the gods, their general government not only “makes for righteousness,” but is addressed to the end of re
,” but is addressed to the end of rendering it triumphant. Says Zeus, for instance, in the Olympian assembly, “Men complain
hrough their own perverse offending.” But, beside this general effort for the triumph of right, there is little to be said
eus.— In Sanskrit Dyaus, in Latin Jovis, in German Tiu. The same name for the Almighty (the Light or Sky) used probably tho
the Matronalia on the first of March of each year. The Latin Juno is for Diou-n-on, from the stem Diove, and is the femini
the statues of Juno, the most celebrated was that made by Polyclitus for her temple between Argos and Mycenæ. It was of go
the day and the awakening of thought ( Max Müller, as above, 1: 552). For the meaning of the Gorgon, see Commentary on the
es, he has also not a few points of similarity with the Greek Phœbus; for both names, Mars and Phœbus, indicate the quality
from heaven in the reign of Numa Pompilius. Generals supplicated Mars for victory, and dedicated to him the spoils of war.
by Tintoretto. Thorwaldsen’s piece of statuary, Vulcan forging arrows for Cupid, is justly famous. § 38. Castalia: on the s
se earlier worship is concentrated in Apollo, or to take the creature for the symbol of spring when seafaring becomes easie
led Lycius, which means, not the wolf-slayer, as is sometimes stated, for the wolf is sacred to Apollo, but either the wolf
of summer; to celebrate the ripening of vegetation and return thanks for first-fruits. These festivals were held in Athens
added to the propitiatory features of the Hyacinthian, a thanksgiving for the vintage. (5) Another vintage-festival was the
hale the hallowed air, and who was named the Pythia. She was prepared for this duty by previous ablution at the fountain of
29; 1, 11: 31; 1, 12: 2. Sir Philip Sidney, Ashophel and Stella, as, for instance, the pretty conceit beginning “Phœbus w
Song to Phœbus; Keats, Hymn to Apollo; A. Mary F. Robinson, A Search for Apollo; In Apollo’s Garden; Shelley’s Homer’s Hym
did much to bring on the French revolution: Childe Harold 3: 81, — “ For then he was inspired, and from him came, As from
a standing figure, in marble, more than seven feet high, naked except for the cloak which is fastened around the neck and h
is, or Diana) can hardly be considered to be twins of Darkness (Leto) for they do not illuminate the heavens at the same ti
See Milton’s Sonnet, “I did but prompt the age to quit their clogs,” for allusion to Latona. In Art. — In the shrine of L
Contemplation. In Art. — In art the goddess is represented high-girt for the chase, either in the act of drawing an arrow
Paphos, Abydos, Samos, Ephesus, Cyprus, Cythere, in some of which, — for instance, Paphos, — gorgeous annual festivals wer
held in Rome in April. Illustrative. — See Chaucer’s Knight’s Tale, for frequent references to the goddess of love; also
task the most perfect forms the city could supply were furnished him for models. Note Thomson’s allusion in the Summer: —
Cupid; Beaumont and Fletcher, Cupid’s Revenge, and the Masque, A Wife for a Month; J. G. Saxe, Death and Cupid, on their ex
os; John Lyly’s Campaspe: — “Cupid and my Campaspe play’d, At cardes for kisses, Cupid pay’d; He stakes his quiver, bow, a
ure: Thorwaldsen’s Ganymede. (3) The Graces. — S. Rogers, Inscription for a Temple; Matthew Arnold, Euphrosyne. These godde
Angelo (Pitti Gallery, Florence) and by Paul Thumann. (7) Nemesis. — For genealogy see § 51 C. (8) Æsculapius. — Milton, P
dne. § 47. The invention of the Syrinx is attributed also to Mercury. For poetical illustrations see §§ 52-54, 116, 117, C.
ercury. For poetical illustrations see §§ 52-54, 116, 117, C. So also for Nymphs and Satyrs. In Art. — The exquisite antiq
oserpine; P. Schobelt’s Abduction of Proserpine. § 51. Textual. — (1) For Æacus, son of Ægina, see § 63 and § 165 (1) C; fo
51. Textual. — (1) For Æacus, son of Ægina, see § 63 and § 165 (1) C; for Minos and Rhadamanthus, see § 61. Eumenides: Euph
ng of a Fury by M. Angelo (Uffizi, Florence). §§ 52-54. See next page for Genealogical Table, Divinities of the Sea. For
2-54. See next page for Genealogical Table, Divinities of the Sea. For stories of the Grææ, Gorgons, Scylla, Sirens, Ple
e” ( Hesiod, Theog.). On Latona, see §§ 37, 72, and Commentary. § 58. For Danaë, see § 134; for Alcmene, § 139; for Leda, §
On Latona, see §§ 37, 72, and Commentary. § 58. For Danaë, see § 134; for Alcmene, § 139; for Leda, § 165 c. § 59. In the
, 72, and Commentary. § 58. For Danaë, see § 134; for Alcmene, § 139; for Leda, § 165 c. § 59. In the following general ta
But see p. 200. Illustrative. — Shelley, To the Moon: “Art thou pale for weariness Of climbing heaven and gazing on the ea
ray, Through the heaven’s wide pathless way” (Il Penseroso). See also for Io, Shelley’s Prometheus Bound. Argus: Pope, Dunc
s ( Lang 2: 181). According to another account, Callisto was punished for her love of Jupiter by Diana (Artemis). Her name
hty Love hath done,” in Beaumont and Fletcher’s drama, Valentinian, — for Callisto, Leda, and Danaë. § 61. The Descendants
, — for Callisto, Leda, and Danaë. § 61. The Descendants of Agenor. — For general table, see § 59 C. Textual. — Moschus
and an idyllic poet. He calls himself a pupil of Bion, — whose Lament for Adonis is given in § 93. Both Bion and Moschus be
cia). Her brother Cadmus, who pursues her, would be the sun searching for his lost sister or bride. Very fanciful, but inco
Dionysus (Bacchus) after Semele’s death, and sews him up in his thigh for safe keeping. Preller finds here “the wedlock of
le explanation is altogether too conjectural. See A. Lang 2: 221-225, for a more plausible but less poetic theory. Illustr
en in the text. § 63. Textual. — The son of Ægina and Jove was Æacus ( for genealogy, see § 165 (1) C). Ægina: an island in
reggio’s Antiope. § 65. Textual. — Phrygia: a province in Asia Minor. For Minerva’s protection of the olive, see § 67. Tyan
and Myron. His greatest work was the chryselephantine statue of Hera for her temple between Argos and Mycenæ. Illustrativ
ee verses by L. J. Richardson, in The Inlander, Ann Arbor, Vol. 2: 2. For the story of Acontius and Cydippe, see William Mo
ay be obtained, was made to illustrate Gosse’s poem. § 67. Textual. — For Cecrops, see § 151. He named the city that he fou
that he founded Cecropia, — a name which afterwards clung to Athens. For an excellent description of ancient weaving, see
of ancient weaving, see Catullus 64: 304-323 (The Peleus and Thetis). For translation, see § 165ª. Leda, mother of Castor,
0. Poem: Garrick, Upon a Lady’s Embroidery. § 68. Textual. — Diomede: for his genealogy, see § 148 C, or 132 (5) C. Taslets
pius, then to any god who might repair or avert evil of any kind, as, for instance, to Apollo and to Thanatos (Death). See
d Bœotia into the Euboean Gulf; the valley of the Cephissus was noted for its fertility. Panope: a town on the Cephissus. T
sed the same fatality, §§ 163, 164ª. Enchelians: a people of Illyria. For the myths of Semele, see § 62; of Ino, § 129; of
e Python, had to clear himself of blood-guiltiness by serving Admetus for eight years (§ 80). Interpretative. — Cadmus and
uan 3: 86, “You have the letters Cadmus gave; Think you he meant them for a slave?” § 71. Textual. — Eurynome is represent
h ancient legal ideas and local traditions. It is almost as necessary for a young god or hero to slay monsters as for a you
It is almost as necessary for a young god or hero to slay monsters as for a young lady to be presented at court; and we may
). Ambrosia (ἀμβρόσιος, ἄμβροτος, ἀ-βροτός) “immortal,” — here, “food for the immortals.” Turn off to the left: indicating
ivers of Phrygia, flowing near Troy. Caÿster: a river of Ionia, noted for its so-called “tuneful” swans. For Nereus, Doris,
. Caÿster: a river of Ionia, noted for its so-called “tuneful” swans. For Nereus, Doris, Nereids, etc., see § 52. Eridanus:
Prior, Female Phaëton; J. G. Saxe, Phaëton; and G. Meredith, Phaëton. For description of the palace and chariot of the Sun,
ce and chariot of the Sun, see Landor, Gebir, Bk. 1. § 76. Textual. — For the siege of Troy, see Chap. XXV. Atrides (Atreid
, Agamemnon. The ending ides means son of and is used in patronymics; for instance, Pelides (Peleides), Achilles; Tydides,
derives Niobe from the root snu, or snigh, from which come the words for snow in the Indo-European languages. In Latin and
eats of summer ( Preller). The latter explanation is as satisfactory, for spring is the child of winter (Niobe). Illustrat
somewhere and at some time some god has lived as a man among men and for the good of men. Such stories are not confined to
igation of Medea (§ 145, etc.). In that affair Alcestis took no part. For her family, see § 132 (5) C or 95 C. She was held
fice, which is suggested in the words of Œdipus at Colonus (§ 161), “ For one soul working in the strength of love Is might
e forefather of the Trojan race) from Jupiter and the Pleiad Electra. For further information about him, see §§ 132 (5) C,
under Laomedon, his function as god of colonization. § 83. Textual. — For Pan, see §§ 47 (1), 116. For Tmolus, § 75. Peneüs
as god of colonization. § 83. Textual. — For Pan, see §§ 47 (1), 116. For Tmolus, § 75. Peneüs: a river in Thessaly, which
os, an island off the coast of Asia Minor, near Troy, were celebrated for their temples of Apollo. The latter temple was sa
verses, though they did not soften the heart of his mistress, yet won for the poet wide-spread fame. “Yet what he sung in
spray, A copious spring.” § 89. See genealogical table, E, (§ 61 C) for Actæon. In this myth Preller finds another allego
91. Electra. — See genealogical table, I, § 132 (5) C. See same table for Merope, the mother of Glaucus and grandmother of
t Latmos: in Caria. Diana is sometimes called Phœbe, the shining one. For the descendants of Endymion, the Ætolians, etc.,
of Theocritus contains a typical Psalm of Adonis, sung at Alexandria, for his resurrection. Shakespeare’s Venus and Adonis;
some ancient matrimonial custom. Erebus: the land of darkness, Hades. For Zephyr, Acheron, Cerberus, Charon, etc., see Inde
f Cupid and Psyche is usually regarded as allegorical. The Greek name for a butterfly is Psyche, and the same word means th
which is purified by sufferings and misfortunes, and is thus prepared for the enjoyment of true and pure happiness. It is p
f fruition. Cox, by his usual method, finds here a myth of the search for the Sun (Eros) by the Dawn (Psyche). Many of the
ous current setting out from the Sea of Marmora into the Archipelago. For an allusion to the story see Bride of Abydos, Can
hipelago. For an allusion to the story see Bride of Abydos, Canto II. For Byron’s statement concerning the breadth of the w
extual. — Semiramis: wife of King Ninus, and queen of Assyria. Famous for her administrative and military ability. A mythic
ing, Thisbe. § 99. Textual. — Lesbos and Chios: islands in the Ægean. For Sappho see § 11 (3). Illustrative. — The second
hout the violent combat that (in the analogous Indian story) is waged for the herds between Indra, the bright god, and Vala
de to Maia. §§ 102, 103. Textual. — See genealogical table E, § 61 C, for Bacchus, Pentheus, etc. Nysa “has been identified
chantes were female followers of Bacchus. Bacchanal is a general term for his devotees. Interpretative. — “Bacchus (Dionys
, Myth, Ritual, etc., 2: 221-241.) That Rhea taught him would account for the Oriental nature of his rites; for Rhea is an
t Rhea taught him would account for the Oriental nature of his rites; for Rhea is an Eastern deity by origin. The oppositio
the public square of some city just as the people were casting about for a king. He tied his wagon in the temple of the pr
mal of Silenus, the ass’s ears of Midas merely symbolize his fondness for and devotion to such habits as were attributed to
Eryx, the vale of Enna, and Cyane are in Sicily. Eleusis: in Attica. For Arethusa, see Index. Interpretative. — There can
day. The following, from Aubrey de Vere’s Introduction to his Search for Proserpine, is suggestive: “Of all the beautiful
house of Celeus, and finally the successful conclusion of the search for Proserpine. The Mysteries of Eleusis were witness
ve; B. W. Procter, The Rape of Proserpine; R. H. Stoddard, The Search for Persephone; G. Meredith, The Appeasement of Demet
ival of, transl. by N. L. Frothingham; At Eleusis, by Swinburne. See, for poetical reference, Milton, P. L. 4: 269, “Not th
r, Cora, Triptolemus (Athens). § 107. Textual. — Tænarus: in Laconia. For the crime of Tantalus, see § 77. In Hades he stoo
m; while a great rock was forever just about to fall upon him. Ixion, for an insult to Juno, was lashed with serpents or br
with serpents or brazen bands to an ever-revolving wheel. Sisyphtus, for his treachery to the gods, vainly rolled a stone
he gods, vainly rolled a stone toward the top of a hill. (See § 175.) For the Danaïds, see § 133. Cerberus, §§ 48, 175. The
, however, identifies Orpheus with the Sanskrit Arbhu, used as a name for the Sun (Chips 2: 127). According to this explana
Asia Minor, situated between the rivers Scamander and Simois. Famous for the siege conducted by the Greeks under Agamemnon
Amymone: a fountain of Argolis. Enipeus: a river of Macedonia. § 110. For genealogy of Pelops, etc., see §§ 77 C and 165 (2
nia. § 110. For genealogy of Pelops, etc., see §§ 77 C and 165 (2) C. For the misfortunes of the Pelopidæ, see §§ 165 b , 1
fabulous land in the far west, near Hades; or, perhaps, in the north, for the people dwell by the ocean that is never visit
cape from crevices or caverns in the rocks may have given some ground for the story. Sir Gardner Wilkinson, a traveller of
nd Daphnis: idyllic names of Sicilian shepherds. Naïs: a water-nymph. For Cyclops, Galatea, Silenus, Fauns, Arethusa, see I
); and Comus. In Art: Narcissus (sculpture) (Museum, Naples). § 120. For references on the Naiads, see §§ 52-54 C. § 122.
n into convulsions, and the magistrates forbade a like representation for the future. (Pollux IV: 110.) Probably the chorus
tion of the ever-changing aspect of fountain, stream, lake, or ocean. For genealogies of water-deities, see § 54 C. Interp
ng, Acis and Galatea; Raphael’s Triumph of Galatea. § 127. Textual. — For descent of Glaucus, see § 95 C and § 132 (5) C. F
§ 127. Textual. — For descent of Glaucus, see § 95 C and § 132 (5) C. For Scylla’s descent, see § 54 C. See Keats’ Endymion
nd shallows among jagged cliffs and hidden rocks (see § 52 C). § 129. For genealogy of Ino, see § 59 C or § 61 C. “Leucothe
casionally the carcass of a dead animal would be occupied by the bees for that purpose. It was no doubt from some such inci
Sea. It was honored over all Greece. Calydon: a city of Ætolia, famed for the Calydonian Hunt, § 148. Parthenope, see § 171
from his stepdame Rhea’s eye.” See also Milton, P. R. 2: 356. § 132. For the general genealogy of the race of Inachus, see
§ 132. For the general genealogy of the race of Inachus, see § 59 C. For the general table of the race of Iapetus, Deucali
I. (based in part on the table given in Roscher, article Deukalion). For the descendants of Agenor, see § 61 C. For the ho
scher, article Deukalion). For the descendants of Agenor, see § 61 C. For the houses of Minos and of Labdacus, see §§ 149 C
§ 61 C. For the houses of Minos and of Labdacus, see §§ 149 C, 158 C. For the descendants of Belus, see § 133 C; of Æolus,
of Mars, St. George and the Dragon, Siegfried and the Worm (Fafnir). For a Gælic Andromeda and Perseus see The Thirteenth
ure (Monuments inédits, etc., Rome and Paris, 1839-1874). §§ 139-143. For genealogy of Hercules, see 133 C. Rhadamanthus: b
rth of Lydia. The river Phasis flows through Colchis into the Euxine. For genealogy of Laomedon, see § 167 C. Pylos: it is
e may be some reference to his journey to the gate or Pylos of Hades. For Alcestis, see § 81; for Prometheus, § 25; for the
to his journey to the gate or Pylos of Hades. For Alcestis, see § 81; for Prometheus, § 25; for the family of Dejanira, § 1
gate or Pylos of Hades. For Alcestis, see § 81; for Prometheus, § 25; for the family of Dejanira, § 148 C. Alcides: descend
; for the family of Dejanira, § 148 C. Alcides: descendant of Alcæus; for Hercules, see § 133 C. Œchalia: in Thessaly or in
e. — Lang’s translation of the Lityerses Song ( Theocritus, Idyl 10). For Hercules, Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel and Stella
e picture (Monuments inédits, Rome and Paris, 1839-1878). §§ 144-147. For the descent of Jason from Deucalion, see § 95 C.
in the Ægean, near Tenedos. Phineus: a son of Agenor, or of Posidon. For the family of Medea, see § 113 C. Interpretative
leave the colors and glories, the twilights and the clouds of to-day, for those of to-morrow. (See Roscher, Lex. 530-537.)
see Theodore Martin’s translation of Catullus 54 (Peleus and Thetis), for the memorable launch; Pope, St. Cecilia’s Day. Ja
1 C. § 148. Textual. The Descendants of Ætolus (son of Endymion). For general table, see § 132 (5) C. For Calydon, see
of Ætolus (son of Endymion). For general table, see § 132 (5) C. For Calydon, see Index. The Arcadian Atalanta was des
y in politics and religion exercised by Crete over neighboring lands. For Mæander, see Pope, Rape of Lock 5: 65; Dunciad 1:
skill, especially in wood-cutting, carving, and the plastic arts used for industrial purposes. His flight from one land to
cording to one tradition, the race of Erechtheus became extinct, save for Ion, a son of Apollo and Creiisa, daughter of Ere
rpretative. — The story of Philomela was probably invented to account for the sad song of the nightingale. With her the swa
eads, containing the sacred utensils, cakes, and all things necessary for the sacrifices. The procession formed the subject
rpart of Hercules, not so significant in moral character, but eminent for numerous similar labors, and pre-eminent as the m
rship as a moon-goddess. Illustrative. — Chaucer, The Knight’s Tale ( for Theseus and Ypolita); The House of Fame 407, and
eseus and Ypolita); The House of Fame 407, and the L. of G. W., 1884, for Ariadne; Shakespeare, Two Gen. of Verona 4: 1; M.
Tennyson, Dream of Fair women; J. S. Blackie, Judgment of Paris. See, for allusions, Shakespeare, All’s Well 1: 2; 1: 3; He
e, E. A. Morshead, J. S. Blackie, E. Fitzgerald, and Robert Browning. For Agamemnon, see Shakespeare, Troil. and Cressida 1
1; Love’s L. L. 5: 2; Milton, P. L. 9: 15. In Art. — Flaxman, Fight for the Body of Patroclus; Wiertz (Wiertz Museum, Bru
ht for the Body of Patroclus; Wiertz (Wiertz Museum, Brussels), Fight for the Body of Achilles. Pompeian wall-paintings: Ch
can. Modern sculpture, The Ajax of Canova. Flaxman’s outline drawings for the Iliad. Hector and Andromache. — Mrs. Brownin
(1884), Homeric Troy. § 171. The Odyssey: Lang, Sonnet, “As one that for aweary space has lain,” prefixed to Butcher and L
s of Error; O. W. Holmes, Metrical Essay; Keats, Endymion, “I sue not for my happy crown again,” etc. On Sirens and Scylla
ins there appeared before the king a woman who offered him nine books for sale. The king refused to purchase them, whereupo
burned three of the books, and returning offered the remaining books for the same price she had asked for the nine. The ki
eturning offered the remaining books for the same price she had asked for the nine. The king again rejected them; but when
ut when the woman, after burning three books more, returned and asked for the three remaining the same price which she had
ked for the three remaining the same price which she had before asked for the nine, his curiosity was excited, and he purch
hest, and allowed to be inspected only by especial officers appointed for that duty, who on great occasions consulted them
This is the idea which Dryden expresses in the beginning of his song for St. Cecilia’s Day, “From harmony, from heavenly h
of the musical scale. See M. of Venice, Act V. (Lorenzo and Jessica), for the Music of the Spheres; also Milton, Hymn to th
tivity. See Longfellow’s Verses to a Child, and Occultation of Orion, for Pythagoras as inventor of the lyre. § 176. Camill
ology. See also the Hon. Roden Noel’s Ragnarok (in the Modern Faust), for an ethical modification of the ancient theme. An
tli, The Whetting of Gudrun, The Lay of Hamdir, The Lament of Oddrun. For translations of these fragments, see pp. 167-270
ns of these fragments, see pp. 167-270 of the volume mentioned above. For the originals and literal translations of these a
l’s Corpus Poeticum Boreale ; and Vigfusson’s Sturlunga Saga, 2 vols. For the story of Sigurd, read William Morris’ admirab
the Nibelungs, finished in 1876. The composer is responsible not only for the musical score, but for the text and scenic ar
1876. The composer is responsible not only for the musical score, but for the text and scenic arrangements of four of the g
tory recalls more than one event of the Sigurd and Siegfried stories; for he discovered a treasure, fought with and overcam
o, is confounded with uncles of his who had been retainers of Attila: for the historic Theodoric was not born until two yea
a’s death. These historic figures were, of course, merely suggestions for , or contributions to, the great heroes of the epi
ld. Naturally, therefore, the hoard is guarded by Alberic, the dwarf, for dwarfs have always preferred the underworld. So (
e riches of mortality, march toward the land of death. A Few Rules for the English Pronunciation of Greek and Latin Prop
und of sh: Sic′-y-on (but see Latin grammars and English dictionaries for exceptions.) IV. Syllabication. — (1) The penulti
§§ 80, 81. Ado′nis, myth of, 150,151; Lang’s transl. of Bion’s Lament for Adonis, 151,152; Com. § 93. Adraste′a, 39. Adras′
Hebrew, 12. Bifrost, 367, 369, 388. Bi′on, Lang’s transl. of Lament for Adonis, 151, 152; Com. §§ 11, 61. Biorn of Scard
. Dejani′ra, 221, 241, 254, 281; Com. §§ 131,144, 148. De′lia, a name for Diana of Delos. De′los, 63, 256, 339; Com. § 39.
see under Hindoo divinities. Di′a, the island of, 176, 262; old name for Naxos; Com. § 102, 103. Di-a′na, usually pronounc
144, 182; Com. § 88. Enya′lius: the horrible, the warlike; an epithet for Mars. Eny′o, mother, daughter, sister, or wife of
′ges, Centim′anus, Com. § 17- Gy′ges, the first king of Lydia; famous for his riches. Gyoll, 384. H Ha′des, Com. § 48
7. Hindoo divinities: arranged logically as (1) Vedic, (2) Brahmanic. For Buddhism see under Buddha. 1. Vedic: the Aryan, a
sister Yami: the first man and woman; leaving this life they prepared for those that should follow blissful abodes in the o
ting of the following three persons: Brahma: in the Rig-veda, a word for devotion, prayer; later, for the supreme principl
ersons: Brahma: in the Rig-veda, a word for devotion, prayer; later, for the supreme principle of the universe, its source
vation. He has nine times assumed human form, each incarnation having for its purpose the redemption of mankind from oppres
of music (cf. Centaurs); retainers of Indra. Lokapalas: generic name for the Vedic deities when degraded by Brahmanism to
fairly won her by his success in archery. Eurytus assigned as reason for his refusal the apprehension lest Hercules might
ecome insane, and in that condition destroy Iole in spite of his love for her. By some she is made the half-sister of Dryop
383. Li-ge′a, 222; Com. § 131. Light, 37, 38. Li′nus, 24; lamentation for , 129, 130, 234; Com. §§ 74,78. Lit-y-er′ses, 239.
(Hermes), 52, 68, 172; Com. § 101. Ma′ia, Ma′ja, or Majes′ta: a name for Fauna, or for the daughter of Faunus and wife of
68, 172; Com. § 101. Ma′ia, Ma′ja, or Majes′ta: a name for Fauna, or for the daughter of Faunus and wife of the Roman Vulc
Libera, 88; and Psyche, 157, 158; the rape of P., 181; Ceres’ search for P., 182-184, 238, 345; Com. §§ 50, 105, 106. Prot
24; myths of greater gods, 181-188, 238, 255. 344-353, Com. §§ 48,49. For the Norse Underworld, see under Hel. Ura′nia, the
Harmonia, 96, 138; myths of, 150-172; V. and Adonis, 150, 151; Lament for Adonis, Lang’s transl. of Bion, 151,152; Cupid an
la; §§ 158-164, Fragment of an Antigone; § 171, The Strayed Reveller. For his Merope, see p. 526. Ashe, Thos., 1836-1889.
21-1759. Com. §§ 117, 118, The Passions. Collins, W. L., Anc. Class. for Engl. Readers, Com. § 11, 12. Colvin, S., 1845.
68, 171. Fletcher, John, 1579-1625 (see Beaumont). Com. § 43, A Wife for a Month; § 46, “God Lyæus” (from Valentinian); §
pherdess); § 155, The Two Noble Kinsmen. Forestier, Auber (pseudonym for Annie A. Moore). Com. § 185, Echoes from Mist Lan
. § 48, The Garden of Proserpine; § 81, Hercules wrestling with Death for the Body of Alcestis; § 94, The Bath of Psyche; §
9-1891. Quotations from The Shepherd of King Admetus, 131; from Fable for Critics (Daphne), 140; from Rhœcus, 210-212; Com.
is Argus and Actæon. Robinson, A. Mary F., 1857. Com. § 38, A Search for Apollo, In Apollo’s Garden; §§ 152-157, The Crown
, The Lost Pleiad. Rogers, Samuel, 1763-1855. Com. § 43, Inscription for a Temple dedicated to the Graces; § 139, On the T
ting); § 170, Cassandra (drawing and poem); § 171, The Wine of Circe ( for painting, by E. Burne-Jones). Roy, Protap Chundr
rd, R. H., 1825. Com. § 56, Arcadian Hymn to Flora; § 105, The Search for Proserpine. Story, W. W., 1819. Com. § 39, Artem
ewis’ Thebais of Statius; Cooke’s Hesiod, etc.). 3 vols. Lond.: 1810. For other translators, see Com. §§ 11-15, 167-185. T
z, A. J., 1806-1865 (paint.). Com § 37, Forge of Vulcan; § 168, Fight for body of Achilles. Wilde, Oscar, 1856. Com. § 151
ian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1879-80, pp. 29-33. I have, merely for the sake of condensation, occasionally adapted a
§ 64 Amphion; and Commentary. 27. §§ 133-137. 28. §§ 133-137. 29. For other authorities, and for a few standard transla
ry. 27. §§ 133-137. 28. §§ 133-137. 29. For other authorities, and for a few standard translations of the Greek Classics
XXVII., etc. 41. Corp. Poet. Boreale, I., LXXI.; LXIII.-LXIV. 42. For literature, see Commentary, §§ 177-185. 43. Pau
eiffer. 49. Bartsch, see Ency. Brit. 50. Werner Hahn, 18, 58-60. For literature, see Commentary, § 186. 51. For trans
Werner Hahn, 18, 58-60. For literature, see Commentary, § 186. 51. For translations of Oriental Myths, see Commentary, §
§ 186. 51. For translations of Oriental Myths, see Commentary, § 15; for mythical personages, see Index and Dictionary. 5
s in Thessaly. 67. Cowper’s translation. 68. See Commentary, § 32, for Gladstone’s latest utterance on the number of the
pman’s translation. 73. On the name Juno, see Commentary, § 34. 74. For the names, Athene and Minerva, see Commentary. 7
stivals, oracles, and his place a literature and art, see Commentary. For other particulars, see sections on Myths of Apoll
mn to Diana. 82. Iliad 5: 370, etc. 83. A popular etymology. 84. For Venus in poetry and art, see Commentary, § 40. 8
fic. 87. Lang, Odyssey 24: 1: adapted. 88. Eros, by Edmund Gosse. For verses on the blindness of Cupid, see Lyly’s Cupi
ss of Cupid, see Lyly’s Cupid and Campaspe in Commentary, § 43. 89. For description of their spinning, see translation of
n of their spinning, see translation of Catullus LXlV, in § 165. 90. For references to poetry and works of art, see Commen
. 103. Odyssey 24: 12; 19: 560. Ovid, Metamorphoses 11: 592. 104. For genealogical table, see Commentary, § 51. 105. T
poetry and works of art, see Commentary. 106. Iliad 14: 303. 107. For genealogical table, see Commentary, §§ 52-54. 1
adopted in this work, Latin equivalents are given, wherever possible, for Greek names. 131. Iliad 21: 390. Lang, Leaf, an
dventure. The Greek form of the proper names has been retained- 154. For the originals, see Iliad 2: 715, and the Alcestis
07. 161. § 130. 162. Ovid, Metam. 1: 452-567. 163. From the Fable for Crities. 164. Ovid, Metam. 4: 256-270. 165. §
logy, p. 87; Ovid, Metam. 10: 298-502. 194. See Index and Dictionary for sections. 195. § 59. 196. § 62. 197. Ovid, M
See Index. 215. Hyginus, Fab. 84, 253; Pindar, Olymp. 1: 114. 216. For the house of Pelops see § 77, and Commentary. 21
231. Ovid, Metam. 3: 339-510. 232. Lang’s Translation of Idyl VI. For Moschus, see Commentary, § II. 233. From The Nai
262. § 171. 263. § 174. 264. §§ 30, 133, and Commentary, 59. 265. For references to genealogical tables, see Commentary
d Hyginus (Fables). 270. Ovid, Metam. 4: 608-739; 5: 1-249. 271. For Gorgons and Grææ, see § 54. 272. William Morri
676; Homer, Il. 2: 547; Od. 7: 81; Hyginus, Poet. Astr. 2: 13. 327. For Ruskin’s interpretation, see Queen of the Air, §
ia among the Tauri. 349. From Tennyson’s Dream of Fair Women. 350. For translations, see Commentary, § 11. 351. On Chap
Aspicit, et dulcis moriens reminiscitur Argos. Æn. 10: 781. 388. For Records of Norse Mythology see § 13 and Commentar
sed. 397. From Carlyle’s translation of fragments of the poem. 398. For assistance in collecting references to English po
0. Popular etymology. The root of the name indicates Fire-god. 401. For Latin names, see Index, or Chaps. V.-VIII. 402.
eory is certainly far-fetched. 406. Pronounce Mizh’ia. 407. By rule for English pronunciation this should be Pa’ris, even
6 (1842) Heathen mythology
swan-like, or in some other as picturesque a form, win her he sought for his own: and thus, every class of society, from t
intelligences. Every stream had its presiding nymph, who was thanked for her draught of water. Every house had its protect
which would bless him ‌also, if he cultivated the social affections: for the same word which expressed piety towards the G
; the moon presides over the silence of night, and consoles the world for the absence of her brother. Neptune reigns in the
ty of Venus, alone adorned with a splendid girdle in which the Graces for ever play, and in her hand is a smiling boy whose
elightful, and whose ideal pleasures are so well fitted to compensate for the real troubles and miseries of the world in wh
t the follies and license of a few lessen the esteem due to parables; for that would be profane and bold, since religion de
appears apt and conspicuous to me; whether ravished with a veneration for antiquity, or because I find such coherence in th
is manner… No one should be moved, if he sometimes finds any addition for the sake of history, or by way of embellishment;
able should be transferred to another, and a new allegory introduced: for these were all necessary, and to be expected, see
to claim a parable at a distance. Such as are probable may be feigned for amusement, and in imitation of history; but where
seem to be what none would imagine or relate, they must be calculated for other uses. What has a great weight with me is, t
d by those who have related them, Homer, Hesiod , and other writers; for were they the fictions of that age and of those w
m on any was imprest; All were confused, and each disturbed the rest. For hot and cold were in one body fix’d; And soft wit
‌He adds the running springs, and standing lakes, And bounding banks for winding rivers makes. Some part in earth are swal
ms only to have had a momentary reign. He is the most ancient of all, for he presided over the elements that composed the u
pes, and Arges brave, Who to the hands of Jove the thunder gave; They for almighty power did lightning frame, All equal to
against him, but were compelled to yield after a desperate struggle ‌ for supremacy; while rebellion brought its accustomed
e children brought to him by his wife Cybele. But a mother’s yearning for her offspring, appears to have filled even the br
ve, His throne to shake, and from his kingdom drive The cruel parent; for to him ’tis given To rule the gods, and mount the
who, making a deafening noise with their drums and cymbals, prevented for a period the cries of the infant from reaching th
010 But the fears of Saturn rendered him ungrateful to his deliverer, for Destiny having prophesied that Saturn should be d
ppeared, No court erected yet, nor cause was heard; But all was safe, for conscience was their guard: The mountain trees in
ails were spread new oceans to explore, And happy mortals unconcerned for more, Confined their wishes to their native shore
k was stayed, friend interchanged gifts with friend, the preparations for war and the execution of criminals were alike sus
ow Claspest the limits of mortality! And sick of prey, yet howling on for more, Vomitest wrecks on its inhospitable shore.
me humility, A knowledge of ourselves, a faith in friends, A sympathy for all things born to die, With cheerful love for th
in friends, A sympathy for all things born to die, With cheerful love for those whom truth attends.” Laman Blanchard. Ins
tals to take care that the sacred fire of Vesta was not extinguished, for if it ever happened, it was deemed the prognostic
rognostic of great calamities to the state: the offender was punished for negligence, and severely scourged by the high pri
o heaven who strove To dart the trees, uprooted, from the grove:      For weak their might against the shield     Which Pal
sheds, With twining osiers fenced, and moss their beds: Then ploughs for seed the fruitful farrows broke, And oxen laboure
was seized with a thirst so burning, that he was reduced to long even for a drop of water. Jupiter presented himself to him
and hate myself, That I can do no more: aye from thy sight Returning, for a season, heaven seems hell, So thy worn form pur
so are we, As from the rose which the pale priestess kneels To gather for a festal crown of flowers, The aërial crimson fal
th by night and day! ’Twas Jove’s decree they should in silence rove, For who is able to contend with Jove?” Hesiod. When
, a thankful heart. Hope with uplifted foot set free from earth Pants for the place of her ethereal birth; Hope, as an anch
nce conscious of the joy, Whom now despairing agonies destroy, Speak, for he can, and none so well as he, What treasures ce
ughed the watery plain.     Then landmarks limited to each his right; For all before was common as the light: Nor was the g
life, The wife her husband murders, he the wife; The step-dame poison for the son prepares; The son inquires into his fathe
the holy victim, Whom after shall we sing than Jove himself? The God for ever great, for ever king, Who slew the earth-bor
, Whom after shall we sing than Jove himself? The God for ever great, for ever king, Who slew the earth-born race, and meas
! indulge our prayer, Great Father! grant us virtue, grant us wealth, For without virtue, wealth to man avails not, And vir
, And less diffuses good. Then grant us, Gracious, Virtue and wealth, for both are of thy gift!” Prior. Juno. Juno,
was also sister and wife to Jupiter. Her pride protected her beauty: for when the God, to seduce her, took the form of a c
her under the control of the hundred-eyed Argus: but Jupiter, anxious for the situation of Io, sent Mercury, who destroyed
with the utmost rigour: but when it is remembered what cause Juno had for her jealousy, and that her husband metamorphosed
her jealousy, and that her husband metamorphosed himself into a swan for Leda, into a shepherd for Mnemosyne, into a showe
r husband metamorphosed himself into a swan for Leda, into a shepherd for Mnemosyne, into a shower of gold for Danae, and i
a swan for Leda, into a shepherd for Mnemosyne, into a shower of gold for Danae, and into a bull for Europa, she may easily
pherd for Mnemosyne, into a shower of gold for Danae, and into a bull for Europa, she may easily be pardoned her restless s
of the ruler of the Gods. This induced Juno to quit her hiding place; for , unable to restrain her jealousy, she rushed back
tensive harvests hang the heavy head. Rich, silent, deep, they stand: for not a gale Rolls its light billows o’er the bendi
Sicily, and carried with him to his dismal kingdom. Ceres, whose love for her child, almost surpassed even the usual love o
became his wife. “Near Enna’s walls a spacious lake is spread, Famed for the sweetly singing swans it bred; Pergûsa is its
as seen. ‌The frighted Goddess to her mother cries: But all in vain, for now far off she flies; His urgent flame impatient
arch! To thee alone is given the right to gaze Into the fate prepared for all who live. Oh! wilt thou ne’er unlock thine ir
rds sought refuge from the fury of Juno, when about to overwhelm her, for her frailty with her husband. The irritated Godde
her frailty with her husband. The irritated Goddess, to punish Latona for her crime, excited against her the serpent Python
sed! ‘And may you live,’ she passionately cried, ‘Doomed in that pool for ever to abide!’ The Goddess has her wish ——” Ovi
tone. The bodies of Niobe’s children were left unburied in the plains for nine successive days, because Jupiter changed int
ng and song!         “Lord of the dreadful bow!     None triumph now for Python’s death         But thou dost save        
was insensible to that of Apollo, though he pursued her with fervour for a year. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1
whom the God: “Because thou canst not be My mistress, I espouse thee for my tree; Be thou the prize of honour and renown,
, he did not long remain inconsolable, but formed a tender attachment for Leucothoe, daughter of king Orchamus, and to intr
But misfortune appeared to cling to all who were favoured by Apollo, for as they played at quoits with Zephyr, the latter
Spartans established yearly festivals in his honour, which continued for three days; they did not adorn their hair with ga
his efforts to form an endearing friendship, Apollo once more sighed for the nymph Perses, daughter of Ocean, and had by h
s, daughter of Ocean, and had by her the celebrated Circe, remarkable for her knowledge of magic and venomous herbs. Bolina
ortune, begging her not to betray his trust. The secret was too great for the bosom of its holder; she longed to tell it, b
at for the bosom of its holder; she longed to tell it, but dared not, for fear of punishment; and as the only way of consol
ong locks he well concealed; As monarch’s vices must not be revealed: For fear the people have them in the wind. Who long a
re is every woman’s oath,) The royal malady should rest unknown, Both for her husband’s honour and her own. But ne’ertheles
hy ground commodiously was near, Thither she ran, and held her breath for fear Lest, if a word she spoke of any thing, That
us full of council to the fen she went, Full all the way, and longing for a vent. Arrived, by pure necessity compelled, On
d; and Phaeton demanded of him to drive his chariot (that of the sun) for one day. In vain Phœbus represented the improprie
om their accustomed track. Phaeton repented too late of his rashness, for heaven and earth seemed threatened with an univer
ce, and honoured with a decent burial. The Heliades, his sisters wept for four months, without ceasing, until the Gods chan
laurel, were distributed to the conquerors, and where they contended for the prize of dancing, music and poetry. It is fro
, a dream of love, Shaped by some solitary nymph, whose breast Longed for a deathless lover from above, And maddened in tha
deposited in the temple; where, as we have seen, it served the sibyl for a seat. ‌This story shows us at a glance, the pri
nd forsook the temple; and so violent was the fit, that she continued for some days in the most agonizing situation, and at
Palmyra, which was constructed of the most gigantic proportions; and for which nothing was spared to give it a magnificenc
alista concealed the effects of her divine intrigue from her mistress for a long time, the latter noticed the alteration in
The veiled Dian lost her lonely sphere, And her proud name of chaste, for him whose sleep Drank in Elysium on the Latmos st
he would have fallen beneath the fury of its revenge, had it not been for Meleager, son of Æneas, who slew the boar. A quar
or Meleager, son of Æneas, who slew the boar. A quarrel having arisen for the possession of the head of this monster, Melea
er hand; her dress is lifted, and her dog is always by her side ready for his prey. Her hair is banded over her brow, while
erves to frighten away the wild beasts. The affection of this Goddess for Endymion — ———————— “Whom she, The moonlit Dian
ving dared to offer his guilty love to Juno, he was condemned to live for ever in the infernal regions. However, smitten wi
ed Dian, who ’Tis said once wandered from the wastes of blue, And all for love; filling a shepherd’s dreams With beauty and
Great was born. This madman had no other end, than to render his name for ever notorious, and he succeeded, notwithstanding
ped thee! It is too late, or thou shouldst have my knee; Too late now for the old Ephesian vows, And not divine the crescen
t boughs Casting their dappled shadows at my feet; I will be grateful for that simple boon In many a thoughtful verse, and
at the object who had again taken her lord’s affections, Juno sought for some mode in which to punish her, and taking the
e, implore her not to ask him to assume that form, which was too much for mortal eye to bear. Woman’s wit and woman’s fondn
ed it to the guardianship of the nymphs of the mountain of Nysa, who, for their care of the son of Jupiter, in process of t
piter, in process of time, were translated into heaven. When Bacchus, for thus was he ‌named, had grown out of their guidan
hone forth conspicuously in Bacchus. After having valiantly combatted for Jupiter against the Giants when they invaded Olym
oudy summit of her woe, When o’er the far sea-brine she saw him go! “ For even now she bows and bends her gaze, O’er the et
, alas! no room can find, Her dear, deceitful Theseus fills her mind; For him alone she grieves the live-long day, Sickens
sign of the Virgin, and Mera that of the Dog-star. To console himself for his loss, the God of the Grape paid a visit to Pr
youth Bacchus. When dwelling in the Isle of Naxos, where he had been for some years, becoming oppressed with the heat of t
on the sea-shore, and fell fast asleep; some pirates who called there for water, struck with his extreme beauty, seized the
beauty, seized the dreaming boy with the determination of selling him for a slave: and so sound was the sleep of the God, t
slave: and so sound was the sleep of the God, that they had proceeded for a long space on their journey before he awoke. Fu
ind myself.” Perceiving that they continued to steer the wrong course for Naxos, Bacchus threw himself at their feet, as th
g course for Naxos, Bacchus threw himself at their feet, as they made for shore. “Those are not the trees of Naxos,” he exc
on wine embrued His plump white arms and shoulders, enough white,      For Venus pearly bite; And near him rode Silenus on h
ye left your forest haunts, why left     Your nuts in oak tree cleft? For wine, for wine we left our kernel tree; For wine
ur forest haunts, why left     Your nuts in oak tree cleft? For wine, for wine we left our kernel tree; For wine we left ou
r nuts in oak tree cleft? For wine, for wine we left our kernel tree; For wine we left our heath and yellow brooms,     And
For wine we left our heath and yellow brooms,     And cold mushrooms; For wine we follow Bacchus through the earth; Great G
ers’ toil: With toying oars and silken sails they glide,     Nor care for wind or tide. “Mounted on panthers’ furs, and li
hoe was sacrificed, unless some one could be found to pay the penalty for her. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1842
y to be her slayer. At sight of her, his passion, which had slumbered for a while, burst forth anew, and in an agony of tra
slew himself in her stead. “Great father Bacchus, to my song repair, For clustering grapes are thy peculiar care; For thee
chus, to my song repair, For clustering grapes are thy peculiar care; For thee large bunches load the bending vine, And the
conduct frequently tended to cast dishonour on her husband. Her love for Mars is perhaps the most notorious on account of
ount of the disgrace which accompanied it, while her great partiality for Adonis, induced her to abandon her seat in Olympu
ngs of Despair.” Anon. The affection also which Venus entertained for Anchises, a youth distinguished by the most exqui
d of it one day at a feast, and was struck by thunder as a punishment for his disobedience. The power of Venus over the hea
the intrigues and infidelities of his wife, and fabricated arms even for her illegitimate children. “In this was every ar
ence that spoke and eloquence of eyes.” Homer. The contest of Venus for the golden apple is well known. The Goddess of Di
ed a kingdom, Minerva glory, and Venus the fairest woman in the world for a wife. When Paris had heard their several claims
oy. Let Hermes grace the jocund scene,     And youth so gay and free; For what is youth, though fair, oh! queen,     If des
der toiling to his death; Nigh swooning, he doth purse his weary lips For Hero’s cheek, and smiles against her smile. O hor
he mouth are drawn in, yet lifted or half opened, with the smile that for ever circles round them, and the tremulous curve
ow — No, nor the Œolian twang of Love’s own bow, Can mingle music fit for the soft ear Of goddess Cytheræa! Yet deign, whit
n, the son of Jupiter and Juno, was thrown from heaven by the former, for attempting to assist the queen of Olympus when un
ay thee by — Bring me a hundred reeds of decent growth To make a pipe for my capacious mouth —” Gay. Insérer image anonym
fruit of the mechanical skill of Vulcan, was invented as a punishment for Juno, to whom, as it was through her he fell from
th tears, that the king of heaven must have complied, had it not been for the more touching and feminine attributes of Venu
f the remaining divinities. Mars, betwixt rage and confusion, retired for a time to Thrace, and Venus took refuge in the is
she gave birth to Cupid. Vulcan, as we have recorded, was celebrated for the ingenious works and automatical figures which
to strike; while with the other, he turns a thunderbolt on his anvil, for which an eagle waits by his side to carry it to J
d to his parents. He seems, however, to have been retained there more for ridicule than any other purpose; and was indeed t
anged her into a dove. The beautiful fable of the winged deity’s love for Psyche, is the most pleasing of those related of
to Psyche was an enormous crime, and she determined to take vengeance for the offence, by punishing her in the tenderest pa
offence, by punishing her in the tenderest part of a woman’s nature; for she commanded Cupid to make her fall deeply in lo
lot, or in the enchanted place which the power of the God had raised for her, though few could be so delightful, when, “I
e bestowed on her. But all this was no pleasant intelligence to them, for with the malice of ill-nature, they determined to
with the malice of ill-nature, they determined to be revenged on her for a happiness which was no fault. They affected to
lose The sacred veil which hung mysterious o’er her woes.” Tighe. ‌ For a time the nymph scarcely dared to cast a glance
vanished — the God disappeared, and Psyche, mourning in bitter tears for her foolish curiosity, found herself standing on
in safety, but Psyche nearly fell a victim to curiosity and avarice; for she opened the box to look at its contents, and e
his mother had subjected him, found his lost love, and reproached her for her curiosity. In addition to this, Venus imposed
delight in rendering her miserable, who, not content with being taken for the goddess of beauty, had concluded by seducing
at     Of pale-mouthed prophet dreaming. O brightest! though too late for antique vows     Too, too late for the fond, beli
ming. O brightest! though too late for antique vows     Too, too late for the fond, believing lyre When holy were the haunt
they have their birth;     But Love is indestructible: Its holy flame for ever burneth, From heaven it came, to heaven retu
of Cyprian bowers, The boy who breathes and blushes flowers, To Love, for heaven and earth adore him, And gods and mortals
g child, under the title of L’Amore Dominatore. “They built a temple for the God,     ’Twas in a myrtle grove, Where the s
 ’Twas in a myrtle grove, Where the sweet bee and butterfly,     Vied for each blossom’s love. “I looked upon the altar, —
e stone, leaped forth the sprightly steed And Neptune claims the city for the deed. Herself she blazons with a glittering s
favourite flute before Juno and Venus, was ridiculed by the goddesses for the distortion of her face while blowing the inst
y one of the Gorgons who was subject to mortality, and was celebrated for her personal charms; particularly for the beauty
o mortality, and was celebrated for her personal charms; particularly for the beauty of her hair. Neptune became enamoured
he love of Neptune, into ghastly and living serpents, as a punishment for the desecration of that sanctuary, where only wor
ny a ragged jaw,     “’Tis the tempestuous loveliness of terror;      For from the serpents gleam a brazen glare, Kindled b
y manly exercise. His trial before the celebrated court of Areopagus, for the murder of Hallirhotius, who insulted a daught
slain, cited Mars to appear before the tribunal of justice, to answer for the murder of his son. The cause was tried at Ath
upine, flagitious acts survey And brook the furies of the daring day? For mortal men, celestial powers engage, And gods on
und, and heaving under loads of slain, Or pierced with Grecian darts, for ages lie Condemned to pain, though fated not to d
which ‌they loved to give credit. Among this people, it was customary for the consul, before he went on an expedition, to v
e of her who nursed desire, Moulded the glowing steel, to form Arrows for Cupid, melting, warm; Once to this Lemnian cave o
ain.’ ‘No,’ said the child ‘it must not be, That little dart was made for thee.’” Moore. The result of his amour with Ven
ladness. ‌    Rivers. But then to think upon the hearts that grieve. For those who peril thus their lives in war, The mise
And that is lost too in their country’s shouts The voice of gratitude for those that fell, Drowns every thought in those wh
Drowns every thought in those who live to mourn; The hand of charity for those who are left. Fills every heart and dries u
But these can never pay the wrung in heart: Pride is a poor exchange for those adored: And even a nation with its giant st
t in building the walls of Troy, and to be subservient to his sceptre for a year. When the work was completed, Laomedon ref
singeth, while his chariot Waits at the door of heaven. Thou art not For scenes like this; an empire stern hast thou; And
usiast. “Ere I leave this world, oh! allow me to touch once more, and for the last time, the strings of the lyre which has
vals were instituted, had produced the horse, an animal so beneficial for the use of mankind. As monarch of the sea, he is
 Give back the true and brave! “Give back the lost and lovely! those for whom The place was kept at board and hearth so lo
e to those goddesses whose hand he sought in marriage, and who looked for a gayer life than he could offer them, they all r
ssedness, thinking, perhaps, that the very reason which they assigned for their refusal, was an additional one in his favou
they assigned for their refusal, was an additional one in his favour for wishing a soother of his lot. It was in his visit
plains of Enna. ‌ ——— “He comes to us From the depths of Tartarus. For what of evil doth he roam From his red and gloomy
look upon.” Barry Cornwall. In vain she called upon her attendants for help, the God bore her off to his dominions, and
, while any to whom the rites of sepulchre had not been granted, were for a hundred years allowed to solicit their passage
efore he showed Charon a golden bough; and Charon was once imprisoned for a year, because he had ferried Hercules over with
ard-hearted and inexorable deity, with a grim and dismal countenance, for which reason, temples were not raised to his hono
mur musical, O’er her shoulders, like a river That rushes and escapes for ever. Is the fair Cyane gone? Is this fountain le
escapes for ever. Is the fair Cyane gone? Is this fountain left alone For a sad remembrance, where We may in after times re
in compelling the dead to confess their crimes, and in punishing them for their offences. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-myt
e precious stream still purling in his ear; Lip-deep in what he longs for , and yet curst With prohibition and perpetual thi
f all those famed in story, who had descended to the infernal regions for punishment. “High on a throne, tremendous to beh
reads nine acres of infernal ground; ‌Two ravenous vultures, furious for their food, Scream o’er the fiend, and riot in hi
Love wakening dance, or feast of solemn state, A joy by night or day, for those endowed With art and wisdom, who interrogat
athe into my lyre’s soft string, And bid its music sweet notes fling, For what O lyre, can thee withstand? Touched by an Or
old, His dun-coloured steers having stol’n from the fold, He laughed; for , while talking all fiercely he found That his qui
is thou who conductest the blest To the seats where their souls shall for ever exist, Who governest their shades by the pow
might be supposed unworthy the notice of the superior intelligences. For the most part, therefore, these Immortals have no
to introduce those who are considered to be the most celebrated. And for the future, the poetry offered will principally b
mirth and wine, Received the dauntless god, whom Pan they call, Pan, for his song delights the breast of all.” Horace. T
ne-tree. Upon his altars were laid both honey and milk, fit offerings for a rural divinity. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-m
the nymph Echo, but in this instance was unsuccessful in his passion, for the latter adored the beautiful Narcissus, and ‌w
in Narcissus known, though perhaps the exquisite story of Echo’s love for him may be less familiar to the mind. After Echo
less familiar to the mind. After Echo had been dismissed by Jupiter, for her loquacity in proclaiming his numerous amours,
his beloved voice. “Now several ways his young companions gone, And for some time Narcissus left alone, ‘Where are you al
shed maid.” In vain had the wondering youth up to this moment looked for the frolic companions, whom he imagined had hid t
ws, His own perfections all his passions moved, He loves himself, who for himself was loved.” ‌Half maddened by the appea
nows not what he views, and yet pursues His desperate love, and burns for what he views.” Nothing could win the self-enamo
hout her would be insupportable. Echo, however resentful she had felt for the scorn with which he had treated her, hovered
iserable nymph replied. Now pale and breathless on the grass he lies, For death had shut his miserable eyes.” The Gods, ho
s vale.” Keats. Poor Pan, undeterred by the zealous passion of Echo for Narcissus, still continued to love her, and pleas
imself by wandering in the woods and deserts, there calling upon her, for the pleasure of hearing her voice in reply. “In
The ready slaves prepare a sumptuous board, Spread with rich dainties for their happy lord, Whose powerful hands the bread
uice, of purple hue, Touched by his lips a gilded cordial grew: Unfit for drink, and wondrous to behold, It trickles from h
his various plenty lies: ‌Sick of his wish, he now detests the power For which he asked so earnestly before: Amidst his go
thirst. At last his shining arms to heaven he rears And, in distress, for refuge flies to prayers. ‘O father Bacchus, I hav
ery Grace Wafted thy feet along the studded sphere With a bright cup, for Jove himself to drink, Some star, that shone bene
ch other’s charms they loved, but unhappily the nymph, in her anxiety for her lover’s immortality, and while calling upon h
e the Cruel, that came like a death Which I feared, and yet fled not, for want of my breath, There was thought in her face,
unbosomed their secret, and never I returned to a spot I had startled for ever; Tho’ I oft longed to know, but could ask it
still fair, and how big was her son?” Hood. Time brought no remedy, for still he was troubled by the absence of sympathy,
pression of that human feeling which yet clung like a curse to him. “ For the haunters of fields, they all shunned me by fl
ioned his face with wide eyes, but when under My lids he saw tears, —  for I wept at his wonder, He stroked me, and uttered
shed her joy; And little wanted, but in vain their wishes all employ. For one, most brutal of the brutal brood, Or whether
the bee Makes her sweet music: the Narcissus, named From him who died for love, the tangled woodbine Lilacs and flowering l
ted shrub below. Be then, fair nymph, by these examples led, Nor shun for fancied fears, the nuptial bed.” Ovid. In this
mnus better knows, True to his choice all looser flames he flies, Nor for new faces fashionably dies. The charms of youth,
the metamorphosed deity, had, at last its effect, in preparing Pomona for Vertumnus, when he should assume his natural shap
at Rome, and a regular priest, who offered sacrifices to her divinity for the preservation of fruit: she is generally repre
allen fanes, Are veiled with wreaths on Italian plains: But it is not for me in my hour of bloom, To speak of the ruin or t
ull decay! There were steps that flew o’er the cowslip’s head, As if for a banquet all earth were spread; There were voice
g, on soft winds borne, Ye may press the grape, ye may bind the corn! For me I depart to a brighter shore, Ye are marked by
the misty morn, Stand shadowless like silence, listening To silence, for no lonely bird would sing Into his hollow ear fro
tone, She sits and reckons up the dead and gone, With the last leaves for a love-rosary, Whilst all the withered world look
— and enough of gloom; There is enough of sadness to invite, If only for the rose that died — whose doom Is beauty’s, — sh
ough of bitter fruits the earth doth bear, Enough of chilly droppings for her bowl, Enough of fear and shadowy despair, To
bowl, Enough of fear and shadowy despair, To frame her cloudy prison for the soul.” Hood. Winter, as the oldest season,
o her sire’s embrace: — Her bright haired sire, who bade her keep      For ever nearest to his smiles, On Calpe’s olive shad
his suit, with all that love could say: The nymph o’erpowered, to art for succour flies, And various shapes the eager youth
desponding lover said, ‘No more in anxious thoughts your mind employ, For yet you shall possess the dear, expected joy, You
ss, as he went with the rest of the Greeks. The mother, still anxious for his preservation, prevailed upon Vulcan to make h
ower of looking into the future, from that God, because he had tended for him the monsters of the sea. “The shepherd of th
Athamas, who became inflamed by such a sudden fury, that he took Ino for a Lioness, and her two children for whelps. In th
h a sudden fury, that he took Ino for a Lioness, and her two children for whelps. In this fit of madness, he dashed one of
nt their soul to thee.     “Thou art come from cities lighted up      For the conqueror passing by, Thou art wafting from t
hast caught the anthem’s billowy swell,     The stately dirge’s tone; For a chief, with sword and shield, and helm,     To
ined with glad measures     Their soft sighs’ sound. They blessed me for bringing     Sweet perfumes near, They blessed me
They blessed me for bringing     Sweet perfumes near, They blessed me for singing     A cadence so dear.” ‌East Wind.     
ions of Proserpine, at the time of her being carried off; they prayed for wings from the Gods, to unite their efforts with
was impossible to mitigate their decrees, yet they evinced a respect for their divinity, by raising statues to them. Insér
                        “I come to thee, O Earth! With all my gifts; for every flower, sweet dew In bell, and urn, and cha
noisy mirth, the red wine’s flow, And men look pale at thee, and gasp for breath, Thou doest this, thou doest more, oh! Dea
at laid the victor low,     And toll’d amid the triumph, a lone knell For his departure: Death — thy gloomy power Can throw
le Age by worldly cares opprest, Sinks, softly sinks, into those arms for rest. And then methought death’s hollow voice re
nations wide,     Reared is the column where his ashes lie; He sought for fame, he won it, bravely won; He died for fame, w
re his ashes lie; He sought for fame, he won it, bravely won; He died for fame, when his great task was done. What tho’ I t
rits of the departed continually hovered over their former dwellings, for the protection of the inhabitants. Their statues
or images of their deceased friends, that reverence was soon changed for a more regular worship, and they were admitted by
e crowned with garlands, and besides one day in every month set apart for their homage, their festivals were celebrated dur
ruined wall I hang the silent harp: one song more! Penates! hear me! for to you I hymn The votive lay. Venerable powers! H
her crowded path With folly’s rattle, to your Household Gods Return: for not in Vice’s gay abodes, ‌Not in the unquiet, u
Fame Doth Happiness abide!” ——————— “To your Household Gods Return, for by their altars, Virtue dwells, And Happiness wit
ith her; hearken your hymn of praise, Penates! to your shrines I come for rest, — There only to be found. Household Deities
subordinate ministers of the superior deities, received divine honour for a length of time, and we find altars and statues
e source. Friend to each better feeling of the soul, I sing to thee, for many a joy is thine,                 And many a v
ound it! Love, who saw the whole proceeding, Would have laughed, but for good breeding; While old Hymen, who was used to,
, humming, mournful sound Of priests, within their shrines at prayer, For the fresh dead, entombed around.” Moore. The
ital of their deeds. Castor and Pollux. From the love of Jupiter for Leda, wife of Tyndarus, king of Sparta, sprang th
on with the Argonauts, they stopped in the domains of Amycus, (famous for his skill in the management of the cestus,) who c
, and subduing the most fiery coursers. These brothers fought Theseus for outraging their sister Helena; they destroyed the
h appeared so formidable, Æetes promised to restore the golden fleece for the possession of which he had slain Phryxus, pro
h at the tree where the golden fleece was suspended. All were in fear for the fate of the Argonauts, but Juno watched over
kindled by her lover’s sparkling eyes, So flamed the virgin’s breast. For chance, that day, had with uncommon grace; Adorne
golden fleece which was the the object of his expedition. “Impatient for the wonders of the day, Aurora drives the loiteri
e The ambient air, with clouds of dust and smoke. Each gazing Grecian for his champion shakes, While bold advances he secur
hs rush forth, And what’s more strange, with martial fury warmed, And for encounter all completely armed; In rank and file,
ely armed; In rank and file, as they were sowed, they stand Impatient for the signal of command, No foe, but the Æmonian yo
the boldness and success of the young hero, who immediately embarked for Europe with Medea, the great instrument of his pr
n’s infidelity with Glaucus, the daughter of the King of the Country, for whom Medea was divorced, that he might follow his
ents. This deed was followed by one still more revolting to the mind, for Medea slew two of her own children in their fathe
sts she next applied. And gentle Proserpine, his ravished bride, That for old Æson with the laws of fate; They would dispen
m with their own hands. Their credulity met with a severe punishment, for Medea refused to restore him to life. Meanwhile
Or seek to hide thy foul infanticide     Where peace and mercy dwell for evermore? The land where Heaven’s own hallowed w
Hercules. This celebrated hero was, after his death, as a reward for the many courageous deeds he had performed, place
rly instructed in those arts in which he afterwards became so famous, for Castor taught him to fight, Eurytus to shoot with
er Hercules relieved them, and when Erginus, King of Orchomedas, sent for his yearly tribute of one hundred crowns, Hercule
ules. This hath my thanks, indeed, I thought thee good. Theseus. And for that good deed, now I pity thee! Hercules. I wan
ee! Hercules. I want thy pity, I have slain my sons. Theseus. Thee, for thy grace, in other ills I mourn! Hercules. Whom
I am reduced to this unhappiness, At my loved Thebes I cannot dwell, for here What temple, what assembly of my friends Can
the will of Jupiter, and be subservient to the commands of Eurystheus for twelve years, and that after he had been successf
gates of the city when he returned from his expeditions, but to wait for his orders without the walls. He even made himsel
oyed the heads of his enemy. But this was productive of no advantage, for as soon as one head was beaten to pieces by the c
ing alive and unhurt, into the presence of Eurystheus, a stag, famous for its incredible swiftness, its golden horns, and b
nimal frequented the neighbourhood of Œnoe, and Hercules was employed for a whole year in continually pursuing it; at last,
rious, Diana snatched the stag from him, and severely reprimanded him for molesting an animal which was sacred to her. Herc
boar, that, according to Diodorus, he hid himself in a brazen vessel for some days. In his fifth labour Hercules was order
an the stables of Augias, where three thousand oxen had been confined for many years. For the sixth, he was ordered to kill
f Augias, where three thousand oxen had been confined for many years. For the sixth, he was ordered to kill the carnivorous
ter, and their breed still existed in the age of Alexander the Great. For his ninth labour, he was commanded to obtain the
g them, Hercules applied to the nymphs in the neighbourhood of the Po for information, and was told that Nereus, if properl
wever, the gods were not satisfied, but persecuted him still further, for he was smitten with an indisposition which compel
the hero becoming a slave, and remaining in the most abject servitude for three years. In compliance with the decree, Mercu
that she freed him from his servitude and married him. When the term for which he had been sold expired, Hercules left her
ack to the opposite side of the river. As the hero’s only anxiety was for her, he accepted the offer with thanks, and when
the ravisher, which mortally wounded him. In his anguish, and burning for vengeance on his slayer, he gave Dejanira his tun
is he expired. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1842_img184b “ For now his bridal charge employed his cares. The str
ge employed his cares. The strong limbed Nessus thus officious cried, For he the shallows of the stream had tried, ‘Swim th
’ Th’ Aonian chief to Nessus trusts his wife. All pale, and trembling for her hero’s life: Clothed as he stood in the fierc
ejanira, aware of his purpose, and of the affection he had manifested for her rival, sent to him the tunic given her by the
pleasure and enjoy my smart; Or, if e’er pity moved a hostile breast For here I stand thy enemy profest;’ ‌“Meanwhile, wh
rn of virtue and piety, and is asserted by them to have been employed for the benefit of mankind, and for this was deserved
sserted by them to have been employed for the benefit of mankind, and for this was deservedly rewarded with immortality. “
ity. “O worthy end of his laborious life, The nectared cup, and Hebe for a wife! Her golden youth did with new transports
ugh in her arms he lay, And tasted to the height immortal youth, Sigh for young Iole, who, soft as May, And rich as Summer,
most welcome to my woe, And such a gift a stepdame may bestow. Was it for this Busiris was subdued, Whose barbarous temples
sea, with his mother, Danae. The hopes of the father were frustrated; for the slight bark which carried Danae and her son,
dusa being the only one subject to mortality, she must be the victim. For more than one reason this was very agreeable to P
awoke the two remaining sisters, who frantic with rage, looked around for the murderer of their sister, but in vain, for he
th rage, looked around for the murderer of their sister, but in vain, for he had already put on the invisible helmet of Plu
Gorgon he carried with him, arose the innumerable serpents which have for ages infested the sandy deserts of Lybia. “Where
u wilt admire: Or if the glory of a race can move, Not mean my glory, for I spring from Jove.” Ovid. He went to his palac
e ravished from his eyes, And Jove’s own progeny enjoy the prize.      For this, the fruit he loftily immured, And a fierce
ruit he loftily immured, And a fierce dragon the strait pass secured; For this, all strangers he forbade to land, And drove
t, Nor falsely dare thy acts and race to boast.’     In vain the hero for one night entreats; Threat’ning he storms, and ne
adds force to threats. By strength not Perseus could himself defend, For who in strength with Atlas could contend? — ‘But
the beautiful Andromeda, exposed to the fury of a sea-monster, which for some time had ravaged the country, and to appease
er, provided he would give the maiden to him in marriage, as a reward for his exertions. “Chained to a rock she stood; you
l it not then be thought, A bride, so lovely, was too cheaply bought? For her, my arms, I willingly employ, If I may beauti
soon followed. The universal joy, was, however, quickly interrupted: for Phineus, dissatisfied with thus losing his promis
e, ‘Behold,’ he said, ‘an injured man advance,’ Stung with resentment for his ravished wife, Nor shall thy wings O Perseus,
And views his varied friends, a dreadful sight; He knows their faces, for their help he sues, And thinks, not hearing him,
conquer by Minerva’s power, Favoured of heaven, thy mercy I implore, For life I sue, the rest to thee I yield: In pity fro
mind him of the parricide he had committed; and exchanged his kingdom for the maritime coast of Argolis. The time of the de
parent, was shown to him, and ordered to be taken. The usual journey for travellers to his father’s court, at Athens, was
Athens in safety, where his reception was not so cordial as he hoped, for Medea, who resided with Ægeus, felt that her infl
unknown stranger at a feast; but the sword at his side saved Theseus, for his father recognised it, and introduced him to t
to assassinate him; their barbarous intent recoiled upon themselves, for they were all slain by young Theseus. The bull of
red by the monster. ————— “The Minotaur was fed, With human victims for Androgeos dead. The flower of Athens were compell
ims for Androgeos dead. The flower of Athens were compelled to bleed, For thus the cruel oracle decreed, Till Theseus; to p
creed, Till Theseus; to preserve his country’s blood, Himself devoted for the public good.” Ovid. The wish to deliver his
n the means of his glorious triumph, and to whom he was even indebted for his life. When he came in sight of Athens, he for
daughter of Leda, and when they had obtained their victim, cast lots for her: Theseus was successful, and she became his p
with apparent sympathy, but Lycomedes soon showed his true character, for enticing his guest to the top of a high mountain,
and that the memory of their father might not be without honour, sent for his remains from Scyros, and gave them a magnific
bright fictions that have made The name of Greece only another word, For love and poetry: with a green earth, Groves of th
nings That love creates, and that the lyre preserves!     Alvine. But for the history of that pale girl Who stands so desol
ng! They died In the unfathomable den of want, Or served the Minotaur for food. At length There came a royal youth, who vow
ss and less, Like hope diminishing, till wholly past. I will not say, for you can fancy well, Her desolate feelings as she
he had left to perish. Phædra, however, unhappily, felt a guilty love for Hippolytus, son of Theseus by a previous union. V
s, the father of Phædra, sent Cupid to pierce her with his shafts. ‌ For a long time she struggled with the pangs which ra
not understand you;     Phæ. You must! fierce, burning love is mine, For you, Hippolytus, the son of Theseus!     Hip. And
l thee, that he would not believe thee. Yet — say it not, Hippolytus! for I Do love thee as —     Hip. I’ll hear no more!
longer here, my hate! Within a court that I shall hold with dread, ‌ For ever will the curse cling to my name, And endless
itself.     Hip. In this I am most innocent! — Nay, interrupt me not, for I will speak — Thou hast accused me of an awful c
accents shameless as the wish she breathed, A most incestuous passion for my person: With fierce disdain I spurned her offe
ne. Banished thus from the court of his father, the only consolation for a long time that Hippolytus possessed, was the co
ar, to the effect that he appeared at the battle of Marathon to fight for the Greeks, who seemed likely to be overwhelmed b
ears in Marathon.     “There was one a leader crowned,     And armed for Greece that day; But the falchions made no sound
een the son of Apollo, because the god, owing to the genius he showed for music, presented him with a lyre, to the improvem
resided. This happiness, however, was not destined to last very long, for Aristæus became enamoured of the musician’s bride
Pluto! Here the power of his genius was yet more eminently exhibited; for even the tortures of Hell gave way to it. “At hi
nger fill, Ixion leant and listened on his wheel, And Sysiphus’ stone for once stood still; The ravenous vulture had forsoo
ssenger from Pluto flew, And snatched the forfeit from a second view, For instant dying, she again descends, While he to em
metus was the king of Thessaly, whose flocks were tended by Apollo for nine years, when banished from heaven. During his
at Admetus should never die if another person would lay down his life for him. Being one of the Argonauts, he was at the hu
laid down her life to save her husband from the cruel death prepared for him. Death-Song of Alcestis. “She came forth in
nd her form — The glorified of love! But she — she look’d Only on him for whom ’twas joy to die, Deep — deepest, holiest jo
h and festal skies Laugh, as to grace a conqueror’s closing hour!      For thee, for thee, my bosom’s lord!     Thee, my sou
al skies Laugh, as to grace a conqueror’s closing hour!     For thee, for thee, my bosom’s lord!     Thee, my soul’s loved!
gh mists o’ershade mine eye!     Sing Pæans! sing a Conqueror’s song! For thee, for thee, my spirit’s lord, I die!’” Heman
’ershade mine eye!     Sing Pæans! sing a Conqueror’s song! For thee, for thee, my spirit’s lord, I die!’” Hemans. Amp
to Peribœa, the wife of Polybus, who conceived a maternal tenderness for the deserted child, and adopted him as her own. T
. The prediction, partly fulfilled, was now entirely brought to pass, for Œdipus mounted the throne, and married Jocasta, h
then, who was it? Speak, While I have sense to understand the horror, For I grow cold. Phor. The Queen, Jocasta told me It
rt, Though my eyes burst, no matter, wilt thou tell me, Or must I ask for ever? For what end? Why gave she thee her child?
my eyes burst, no matter, wilt thou tell me, Or must I ask for ever? For what end? Why gave she thee her child? Phor. To
you gods! ’tis wondrous well! Dagger and poison — O there is no need For my dispatch; and you, ye merciless powers, Hoard
merciless powers, Hoard up your thunder stones; keep, keep your bolts For crimes of little note. Adrastus. Help — and bow
breaks through opposition. How fares my royal friend? Œd. The worse for you. O barbarous men, and oh! the hated light, Wh
orthy ever more to behold the light, and banished himself from Thebes for the good of his country; or as many assert, he wa
y which it was agreed, that they should exercise the kingly authority for one year alternately. Eteocles was the eldest, an
steed, That pants upon the foaming curb.” Amphiaraus, who was famous for his knowledge of futurity, and a warrior of great
ning so important an auxiliary. Previous to Amphiaraus quitting Argos for Thebes, he told his son Alcmeon to slay his mothe
us. To fill up the measure of his crimes, he repudiated her, and took for his spouse Callirhoe. The brothers of his deserte
ted with fierce and vigorous bravery, by the chiefs who had assembled for its attack, until Eteocles and Polynice perceivin
wretched brother Falls with his sword, and all his strength collects. For a long time, intent to ward his blows Stands Poly
king him. Their implacable hatred manifested itself even after death, for when their bodies were placed on the bier, their
throne of his father, and maintained the war against the King of Troy for a long time, but was at last forced to leave Phry
court, with great kindness, but he was recompensed with ingratitude, for his brother succeeded in winning the affections o
eeded in winning the affections of his wife. Irritated at so unlooked for a crime, Atreus took a fearful vengeance. Having
, Atreus took a fearful vengeance. Having been banished from the city for some time, Thyestes was again recalled, and invit
ry maw appeased. Nay, such a blindness o’er his senses falls, That he for Itys to the table calls. When Procne, now impatie
and Tyndarus, their father, monarch of Sparta, assisted in recovering for them their father’s kingdom. Menelaus succeeded t
personal zeal by furnishing one hundred ships, and lending sixty more for her assistance. The Greek army amounted to sixty
was a great favourite with Clytemnestra, her mother, the Greeks sent for Iphigenia, pretending that they sought her hand i
sent for Iphigenia, pretending that they sought her hand in marriage for Achilles. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology
nt; but when they came to Aulis, Iphigenia saw the bloody preparation for her sacrifice. In vain did she implore the protec
was about to be struck, a goat of great beauty was found in her place for the ‌sacrifice. The supernatural change animated
ger drops: — my hands — my face — my garment, All, all are blood. Ah! for a deed like this What vengeance shall be wreaked?
ill grasp Iphigenia’s hand.                 We are not shades Surely! for yours throbs yet,                 And did my bloo
rely! for yours throbs yet,                 And did my blood Win Troy for Greece?                 Ah! ’twas ill done to shr
Iphig. Beloved father! is the blade Again to pierce a bosom now unfit For sacrifice? no blood is in its veins, No God requi
hen, Tell how my mother fares who loved me so, And grieved, as ‘twere for you, to see me part. Frown not, but pardon me for
grieved, as ‘twere for you, to see me part. Frown not, but pardon me for tarrying Amid too idle words, nor asking how She
Amid too idle words, nor asking how She praised us both (which most?) for what we did. Aga. Ye Gods who govern here! do hu
quil realm, nor envies their’s above. No change have we, not even day for night, Nor spring for summer,                 All
their’s above. No change have we, not even day for night, Nor spring for summer,                 All things are serene, Se
ms than those Of Argos and Mycenai — come away, And I will weave them for you on the bank. You will not look so pale when y
Mycenai Will pine to pour this poison in her ear, Taunting sad Charon for his slow advance. Iphigenia! Iphig. Why thus tur
hearts whole fount hath quenched, ’Tis worthy of the Gods, and lives for ever. Iphig. What spake my father to the Gods ab
and sink Often most deeply where they fall most light. Time was when for the faintest breath of thine Kingdom and life wer
hem from landing, and the siege commenced by a blockade, which lasted for the space of nine years, and might have lasted mu
sted much longer, as more than valour was necessary to take the city; for destiny had dictated the conditions to be fulfill
future conquests which awaited him. Ulysses departed, but not alone, for the spirit of glory was aroused in Achilles, and
an plain, that Troy would never be taken. In this too they succeeded; for Diomedes and Ulysses intercepted him on his journ
ief along. Then had his ruin crowned Atrides’ joy, But Venus trembled for the Prince of Troy; Unseen she came, and burst th
e and mortal spear Wounded at once, Patroclus yields to fear, Retires for succour to his social train, And flies the fate w
troclus, and the unfortunate Priam was obliged to give a large ransom for the remains of Hector. ‌ “Then his fell soul a
hilles. So glorious had been his arms, that Ajax and Ulysses disputed for them, and they were given to the King of Ithaca ‌
g the advice of Sinon, beat down part of the wall to make an entrance for the horse into the city; they then celebrated the
behind, were obliged to remain in the country. Several of them, famed for beauty, inspired their masters with passions whic
ll to the share of ‌Neoptolemus, but though she conceived an aversion for him, the widow of Hector promised her hand to him
tern refusal, which so irritated the warrior, that he stabbed Pyrrhus for attempting that which he designated a base treaso
assisted by his companions, he put out his eye. Ulysses had provided for their escape, for fastening himself under the sto
ompanions, he put out his eye. Ulysses had provided for their escape, for fastening himself under the stomach of a sheep wh
and he staid with her on the island, in the enjoyment of her society, for the space of a year. After concluding his eventfu
as dead and make a second choice, yet she retained such faithful love for her husband, with such a full and prophetic assur
won the heart of Dido. Nor was Æneas long in perceiving the love felt for him by the beautiful listener, and yielding himse
eautiful listener, and yielding himself to her charms, staid with her for a considerable time in the enjoyment of all that
with furious haste; Unsheathes the sword the Trojan left behind, Not for so dire an enterprize designed; But when she view
her hand is placed a round mirror. Ancient writers say, that she was for a long time hidden from the world at the bottom o
consumed in the reign of Commodus, previous to which it was customary for men of learning to assemble ‌there, and even to d
ant engines in the mischiefs which arose in the world be well chosen; for , from Calumny, which is the offspring of Falsehoo
he Allegorical Divinities, the number being too great to mention all. For the same reason we must omit the crowd of Emperor
fate, and country now no more, Their little shed, scarce large enough for two, Seems, from the ground, in height and bulk t
their friends, between the families of whom there had been a variance for many years. “But to prevent their wandering in t
e trysting tree. In a short time Pyramus arrived, but found that she, for whom he looked, was absent: the bloody veil alone
vain. Now, both our cruel parents, hear my prayer, My prayer to offer for us both I dare, O see our ashes in one urn confin
h its weight. ——————— “The shepherd boy, He felt the Cyclop’s wrath, for on his head The mighty weight descended: not a li
plaintive music like, The songs you hear in Sicily — shepherd swains For many an age would lie by that lone stream, And fr
er society, and pointed out the spot to which he should look at night for a torch to guide his way. ‌ “Dimly and slowly t
ought only of the beautiful bride, who had sate watching, and waiting for the weary sun to go down; when, lo “Her turret t
L. But their intercourse was soon stopped, it seemed too beautiful ‌ for earth; Leander, however, thought not of this, but
came after a night of such terror, as but rarely is known to mortals; for the first time Leander had not sought her bower,
keep the husband from his wife, and in the wildness of his struggles for life, when hope was gone and despair succeeded, h
ts rocky strand. Pygmalion was a statuary, celebrated in Cyprus for the exquisite skill of his statues. He became dis
ite as well known, as that of Hero and Leander. Sappho was celebrated for her beauty and her poetical talents, all of which
lowing hair, And wit, that ever charms the fair.” He gave himself up for a time to the pleasure of her society, but man wa
s as fickle then as now, and he grew tired, even conceiving a disdain for her who had so quickly given herself to his arms.
into the sea.     “From Leucadia’s promontory Flung herself headlong for the Lesbian boy, (Ungrateful he to work her such
loosely hung: She held a harp, amongst whose chords her hand Wandered for music — and it came. She sang A song despairing,
ight seas, Of love, and loneliness, and fancy gone, And hopes decayed for ever: and my ear Caught well remembered names, ‘L
hro’ bowers beloved,                 Roving where he had roved, Yearn for his presence, as for one expected?               
                Roving where he had roved, Yearn for his presence, as for one expected?                 Did’st thou, with f
wild eyes                 Fix’d on the starry skies, Wait feverishly for each new day to waken?                 Trusting s
d in the people, and to inculcate the love of peace, with a reverence for the deity, whose worship by images he forbade, an
ity, whose worship by images he forbade, and established a priesthood for it, the effect of which was to prevent any graven
vent any graven images or statues from appearing in their sanctuaries for upwards of one hundred and thirty years. This wis
f reverence to a monarch, whom they could not help respecting no less for his abilities, than for his moderation in the app
, whom they could not help respecting no less for his abilities, than for his moderation in the application of them. He for
well, in this enchanted cover, Egeria! thy all heavenly bosom beating For the far footsteps of thy mortal lover; The purple
Thyself by thine adorer, what befel? This cave was surely shaped out for the greeting Of an enamoured goddess, and the cel
. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1842_img264 “Look no longer for thy sister,” replied Apollo, “but follow the firs
sents itself to thy sight, and wherever that shall stop, build a city for thee and thy successors.” Cadmus obeyed and was g
stung the horse, who threw his rider headlong to the earth; and that for many years he remained melancholy, languishing, a
carry great burthens, became so strong, that nothing seemed too much for his vast efforts. It is recorded of him that he c
him that he carried on his shoulders a young bullock, four years old, for more than forty yards, that he then killed it wit
n-mythology_1842_img267 In his old age a melancholy fate awaited him; for failing in an attempt to pull up a tree by the ro
Principal Divinities of Indian Mythology. It is scarcely possible for any religion to possess a more metaphysical and a
pense with a few of the leading ones among them, this work not having for its object a deep research into obscure mysteries
has its principal home in Thibet; and the veneration of his votaries for this human representative of their god, is celebr
als of the Roman church. They admit oral confession, and make prayers for the dead. The images of Buddh are multiplied in g
ng His human height, and arching down his head, Sought in their hands for food. Then quitting, reared, and stretched and wa
es enamoured, heavenly fragrance breathe?         Hail power unknown! for at thy beck         Vales and groves their bosoms
thy mysterious arms, And all thy pains, and all thy charms. ‘O thou for ages born, yet ever young, For ages may thy Brahm
hy pains, and all thy charms. ‘O thou for ages born, yet ever young, For ages may thy Brahmins’ lay be sung! And when thy
he mighty mother Frigga, herself mourning over their fate, not indeed for their sake, but for the sake of the country they
gga, herself mourning over their fate, not indeed for their sake, but for the sake of the country they would have adorned a
but for the sake of the country they would have adorned and the land for which they fought. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-
s the finest and the best of their race. He was distinguished no less for his ‌eloquence than for his kindness and wisdom.
t of their race. He was distinguished no less for his ‌eloquence than for his kindness and wisdom. It was his doom to meet
ed that he should be returned if all created beings would shed a tear for him. One only refused, and Balder was doomed, to
ws, and even death itself, from the hand of a pontiff, whom they took for the instrument of an angry deity.” The councils
nt oak, whose roots spread below over a fountain of water, remarkable for the number of serpents which it harboured. Insére
h honours by all the assembly; they were so overwhelmed with caresses for the present, and promises for the life to come, t
they were so overwhelmed with caresses for the present, and promises for the life to come, that they sometimes congratulat
crifice such mean persons. In great calamities, in oppressive famine, for instance, if the people thought they had a sure p
acrificed him without hesitation, as the highest price they could pay for the divine favour. In this manner the first King
ey clothed in the richest costume, offering to him the highest honour for a space of forty days; all that could tend to all
kable prophecy was supposed to originate, which prepared the Mexicans for the coming of the Spaniards into their territory.
ry prisoner taken in war soon came to be considered a fitting subject for the cruelties of the temple, and the worship of t
iption of one of their gods, we think, also affords additional ground for this opinion. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mytho
ssessed of exquisite beauty; they never worship him, and their reason for this absence of homage is stated by them to be, t
unlike most other lands, who in the same circumstances are too eager for blood, they are allowed to ransom their lives, sh
cean, and presides over the winds. But the mode in which they account for the formation of the numerous islands for which t
mode in which they account for the formation of the numerous islands for which the place is remarkable, is not the least c
The principal goddess of the Sandwich islands, is remarkable chiefly for her hideous appearance. The face is tatooed, the
ng hunter may profane The haunt of some immortal, — but there still — For the heart clings to old idolatry, If not with tru
n shrine and its perfume are gone But there are natural temples still for those Eternal, tho’ dethroned deities, Where from
his weapon against Balder, and killed him. Everything in nature wept for Balder, and especially the trees, which were for
thing in nature wept for Balder, and especially the trees, which were for a long time, inconsolable. —  Madame de Genlis.
7 (1838) The Mythology of Ancient Greece and Italy (2e éd.) pp. -516
d other competent judges have naturally given me much gratification ; for as they must have been well aware of its defects,
venture to speak with more confidence. It is the result of my reading for the last six years, during which I have gone thro
y idle visions of fame that led me to make literature my profession ; for had I been free to choose, I had certainly trodde
es, immediately on their appearance, proved, I may say, their merit ; for to nothing else can it be justly ascribed. I have
a different character ; its object is to keep up and extend the taste for classic literature, which in my opinion tends so
to entice as many as possible into the pleasing regions of mythology, for I know from experience how delightful it is to es
people I intend to make the subject of a future work ; the former has for many years engaged the attention of my friend Mr.
ars engaged the attention of my friend Mr. St. John, whose enthusiasm for Greece far exceeds mine ; and his work, when it a
mythic names instead of the Latin us and um. There is no good reason for this last usage, and I think Greek names should b
t they might be at once transferred to the original Greek characters. For this purpose the long e and o should be marked as
e Index, and if we were to use k instead of c before e and i, writing for instance Kimôn and Kephalos instead of Cimon and
an, be it observed, will be the worse statesman, lawyer, or physician for not having read Waverley, so that the plea of pub
ed is but too often the lion’s share, as I know by my own experience. For the Outlines of History in Lardner's Cyclopædia I
it, and the copyright has yet twenty years to run. I applied in vain for some small share in the gain ; it was contrary I
rks. I would say then, as the publishers say they would not give more for a long than for a short term of copyright, let th
then, as the publishers say they would not give more for a long than for a short term of copyright, let the public be the
t publishers will be almost the only gainers by a change in the law ; for most authors will transfer to them all their righ
ll transfer to them all their rights if they have the power to do it. For my own part, I view the question with tolerable i
ld correspond as a masculine power, and therefore an appropriate name for a river. Altheusa it is plain might easily become
. Admetos, apparently another form of Hades (p. 122), was also famous for his herds. We find the herds of Hades (p. 360) pa
regarding the Pater Matutinus of Horace (Serm. ii. 6, 20) as Janus ; for which they are certainly not to be blamed, the po
tymologisch-mythologische Andeutungen. ERRATA. Page 28, line 2, for Agios read Agias. 36, — 20, for bark read back. 4
ungen. ERRATA. Page 28, line 2, for Agios read Agias. 36, — 20, for bark read back. 42, — 26, transpose former and la
or bark read back. 42, — 26, transpose former and latter. 188, noteª, for xxi. read x. xi. 197, notef, for 67 read 49. 263,
spose former and latter. 188, noteª, for xxi. read x. xi. 197, notef, for 67 read 49. 263, line 19, for Echidna read Hydra.
noteª, for xxi. read x. xi. 197, notef, for 67 read 49. 263, line 19, for Echidna read Hydra. 290, notec, for See read Sch.
ef, for 67 read 49. 263, line 19, for Echidna read Hydra. 290, notec, for See read Sch. 338, notee, for a read a. THE
19, for Echidna read Hydra. 290, notec, for See read Sch. 338, notee, for a read a. THE MYTHOLOGY OF GREECE. Part I
lar belief, and will comprise the earliest attempts of man to account for the various phænomena of the heavens and the eart
religion of the people. It also stands at the head of their history, for the early history of every people, with whom it i
rent legends which form the mythology of a people, such as the Greeks for example, with whom it is rich and complicated. We
ated. We regard the following as the most probable mode of accounting for their existence. Polytheism, or the belief in a n
cally the date of the rise of polytheism among any people. Supposing, for the sake of hypothesis, a race to have been from
each his distinct personal existence and sphere of action. The Greek, for example, fully believed that Helios, the Hindoo t
yers, which are strictly speaking such. When a people had thus formed for themselves a System of gods so like to man, and y
The sages of remote antiquity appear to have had a peculiar fondness for enveloping moral and physical truths in the garb
regarded. 3. A great number of legends in all countries are indebted for their origin to the extreme desire which men have
r their origin to the extreme desire which men have to assign a cause for the various phænomena of the natural world. The S
hrough one of these chasms under Mount Cyllene12. The moderns account for the origin of the chasm by the following legend.
o the popular creed in most parts of Europe. 4. The desire to account for the phænomena of the moral world has also led to
e Parias, or lowest class, from his feet. The poor Laplanders account for the difference between themselves and their more
unt of the invention of arts and implements, and of assigning a cause for traditionary ceremonies and observances, the memo
true origin had been lost. The festival of the Hyacinthia at Sparta, for example, originally it would seem celebrated in h
t would seem celebrated in honour of Demeter18, was probably indebted for its name to the flower Hyacinthos ; and the legen
d. Of this practice also we shall meet with instances as we proceed ; for the present we will content ourselves with a sing
1 and some other ingenious writers, chiefly French, look to Astronomy for the solution of the enigmatic legends of antiquit
religion. In fact, if the theory of these men be true, the necessity for Christianity becomes a question45. Of these three
logical ; but no single one of these theories will suffice to account for the whole body of the mythology of any people. So
, apply more to one system than another : the Scandinavian mythology, for example, is of a more physical character than the
an or the Scandinavian. The mythologies which offer the widest fields for inquiry are those of ancient Greece, of India, an
ancient Egypt. Italy has left no mythology, properly speaking, though for the sake of uniformity we so denominate the accou
le mythology of their forefathers, especially on the physical theory. For the mythology of India philosophy has as yet done
ave laboured diligently in the field of Egyptian mythology. Rules for the Interpretation of Mythes. The following r
d separately, and detached from the system in which they are placed ; for the single mythes existed long before the system,
o confidently assert that every mythe must have an important meaning, for certainly some have been but the creation of capr
n : «The original of ancient customs,» says he, «is commonly unknown, for the practice often continues after the cause has
 ; and concerning superstitious ceremonies, it is vain to conjecture, for what reason did not dictate reason cannot ex-plai
not dictate reason cannot ex-plain53 » We use the words bear in mind, for if adopted as a principle it will only serve to d
o agree with their Hera. But a new difficulty here presented itself ; for they could not assume several kings and queens re
y governments60. A prudent silence therefore became the safest course for those who exceeded their contemporaries in knowle
aps not with sufficient evidence, the priests who directed them used, for the credit of the popular religion whose reputati
he statue, saw the metaphors of the poets turned to sense, and wings, for example, adorning those deities and mythic person
named Panchaia. The inhabitants of this happy isle were distinguished for their piety, and the isle itself for its fertilit
is happy isle were distinguished for their piety, and the isle itself for its fertility and beauty, in the description of w
give a blow to the popular religion, and even to make it ridiculous ; for though he seems to have treated some of the highe
for though he seems to have treated some of the higher gods, as Zeus for example, with a degree of respect, he was less pa
of Euhemerus was vehemently attacked by all who retained a veneration for the old religion, and the writer himself was stig
r Mytilene was the most celebrated, chose the Western coast of Africa for the same purpose77. For this they seemed to have
celebrated, chose the Western coast of Africa for the same purpose77. For this they seemed to have Homeric authority ; as t
ia itself, was inhabited by a people named Atlanteians, distinguished for their piety and their hospitality to strangers. T
cts. We will not pursue any further these dreams of the mythographer, for the tasteless system never seems to have gained g
nds, whether they were originally written, or were orally transmitted for centuries, have for some years engaged the pens o
re originally written, or were orally transmitted for centuries, have for some years engaged the pens of critics. It seems
83. Of this, however, the Homeric portion alone has come down to us : for our knowledge of the events contained in the rema
uld be tedious to particularise all the other sources of information, for in fact there is hardly a classic writer in eithe
adventures of Dionysos, we shall have given the principal authorities for the contents of the following pages. We have been
MYTHIC VIEWS OF THE WORLD AND ITS ORIGIN. Mythic Cosmology. For the due understanding of the mythology of a peopl
xtent, and divisions, is absolutely requisite. Without it we shall be for ever falling into error ; and by applying to the
iquity is that of the poems of Hesiod, who flourished somewhat later, for he displays a much more extended knowledge of the
they often are unacquainted with the advance of knowledge, they write for the people, who still retain old prejudices. It i
(perhaps the place of that name in Italy,) where they exchanged iron for copper. But the great authorities of the Greeks r
w sphere is given thus by Hesiod94. It would take, he says, nine days for an anvil to fall from Heaven to Earth ; and an eq
erior hemisphere was the abode of the Grecian gods. The Hebrews seem, for example, to have regarded the concave heaven as b
solid heaven was established as the abode of the gods, the necessity for these doors was perhaps felt ; and they were acco
stars appear to have been regarded as moving under the solid heaven, for they rose out of and sank into the Ocean stream.
s regarded as the prison of the gods, and not as the place of torment for wicked men, being to the gods what Erebos was to
bode of the dead. Elysion was moved down to it as the place of reward for the good, and Tartaros was raised up to it to for
s her grave. When the rebel angels were cast out of Heaven they fell for the space of nine days ‘through the frighted deep
he world unborn ; and placing his golden compasses set off the space for the world he was about to create. It formed a hol
ern poets, as we may perhaps venture to style him, created a universe for the scene of the poem, whose object (the noblest
In Grecian cosmogony Homer would appear to have followed the former, for he terms Oceanos the origin of all138; the latter
and the Melian nymphs. Productiveness is the consequence of that act, for which analogy would incline us to look ; and when
against the gods. The circumstance of Zeus being termed King (though for another reason), the change of the three celestia
inion of the world, so do the Kronids. As Kronos devours his children for fear of their dethroning him, so something simila
an Oceanis, and the former name is manifestly derived from the symbol for the earth164, it would seem to have been one of t
), Old-age, and Strife169. It is not difficult to discern the reasons for giving this progeny to Night. It is a principle o
ams, and their kindred ideas. Philotes, or the union of love, is also for a similar reason the child of Night170. Deceit, A
a lofty mountainous ring ran round the edge of the earth, it was easy for the poets to feign that on reaching the western s
anno. Helios is doomed to labour every day ; And rest there never is for him Or for his horses, when rose-fingered Eôs Lea
os is doomed to labour every day ; And rest there never is for him Or for his horses, when rose-fingered Eôs Leaves Ocean a
is horses, when rose-fingered Eôs Leaves Ocean and to heaven ascends. For through the waves his loved bed beareth him, Holl
e plant by means of which Glaucos became a sea-god, says that it grew for Helios in the Isles of the Blest, and that he gav
he pastures of the solar steeds in the West, where they have ambrosia for grass207; and Statius208, in a beautiful passage,
but they were dedicated to him more frequently than to other deities for obvious reasons, such as his being, as it were, t
itious youth instantly demanded permission to guide the solar chariot for one day, to prove himself there by the undoubted
t has all the appearance of being a physical mythe devised to account for the origin of the electron or amber232, which see
233 it is only the Greek version of a German legend on that subject ; for the tradition of the people of the country was sa
is only one of the numerous legends devised by the Greeks to account for the origin of remarkable animals. The Eridanos is
Selene she was named by later poets263 from Pallas, and their reason for so doing is not easy to be discerned. Æschylus wo
driving is not said. Lycophrôn271 gives her the winged horse Pegasos for her steed, and the scholiasts inform us that, whe
the darts of Artemis274. Cleitos (Bright ?), the son of Mantios, was for his exceeding beauty snatched away by her, ‘that
d had by him a son named Phaëthôn276. But her strongest affection was for Tithonos, son of Laomedôn, king of Troy. When she
ucid 285, and a very obvious etymon will give a similar signification for that of Coios286. κρKpȋος. Crius. This
d Perses (Bright ?), and their children, the difficulty is much less, for they are all physical beings. We cannot avoid her
a. Bacchylides made her a daughter of Night, and Musæus gave her Zeus for a sire in place of Perses292, while others said t
herman prays to her and Poseidôn ; the herdsman, to her and Hermes, —  for she can increase and diminish at her will. Though
η) may have separated from her, and have become another moon-goddess, for such is the real character of Hecate ; or Hecate
also noticed by Pindar322. Probably the praise of Cheirôn by Homer323 for his love of justice, led to the making him the of
e with the legend of Kronos devouring his children, may have sufficed for the Greeks to infer an identity of their ancient
ia, and his there establishing the golden age, may have been indebted for its origin to the legend of the reign of Kronos o
chariot of Diomedes, Loud groan’d the beechen axle with the weight, For a great god and valiant chief it bore. When in t
and their appurtenances were formed of various metals. That of Hera, for example, is thus described364 : Then Hebe quickl
the steeds Swift-footed then beneath the yoke were led By Hera, eager for the war and strife. These chariots were drawn by
have been because twelve was the political number of the Ionian race, for it seems probable that it was only among them, pa
atal place of any of his gods386. A very ancient tradition, however, ( for it occurs in Hesiod) made the isle of Crete the s
n, amidst whose thickets she brought forth her divine son. She sought for water to wash the new-born babe, but in vain, for
ine son. She sought for water to wash the new-born babe, but in vain, for Arcadia was then a land unwatered by streams ; th
lves. The Cretan legend must however be regarded as the more ancient, for the Arcadians evidently attempted to transfer the
t always a source of happiness to those whom he honoured with it. Io, for example, underwent a dreadful persecution from He
nesis, ‘when angels dwelt and God himself with man’ — we are indebted for some interesting legends told by poets, of Zeus t
ruled. Such was his visit to Lycaôn king of Arcadia, whom he punished for his impiety ; and that on occasion of which the p
in the form of men to a town in Phrygia. It was evening ; they sought for hospitality, but every door was closed against th
mals to the service of their deities. There was generally some reason for this, founded on physical or moral grounds, or on
tning, and darkness, and struck terror into mortal hearts, was formed for Zeus by Hephæstos406. In Homer we see it sometime
ut that he came riding on a dolphin, and thus won her affection ; and for his service he placed the dolphin among the stars
is all merely gratuitous hypothesis. The absurd passion of Herodotus for deducing the religion of Greece from abroad is so
orth of which dwelt the Thracians and Scythians, renowned in all ages for their horses437, should have first received these
We may therefore, we think, safely dismiss this hypothesis, and look for an explanation of the phænomenon elsewhere. The h
p is by sea ; the one name might therefore be metaphorically employed for the other. Thus in Homer438 Penelope says, Why,
other. Thus in Homer438 Penelope says, Why, herald, is my son gone ? for no need Had he to mount the swift-coursed ships,
gone ? for no need Had he to mount the swift-coursed ships, which are For men the horses of the sea, and pass O'er the grea
find them united in the legend of Bellerophontes443 ; they contended for the possession of Attica444 and Trœzên445 ; in th
n common. In like manner Poseidôn is said to have contended with Hera for Argos446, and with Helios for Corinth447; with Ze
dôn is said to have contended with Hera for Argos446, and with Helios for Corinth447; with Zeus for Ægina448, and with Dion
ded with Hera for Argos446, and with Helios for Corinth447; with Zeus for Ægina448, and with Dionysos for Naxos449; and to
with Helios for Corinth447; with Zeus for Ægina448, and with Dionysos for Naxos449; and to have exchanged Delos and Delphi
ysos for Naxos449; and to have exchanged Delos and Delphi with Apollo for Calauria and Tænaron450. Mythes of this kind mere
e sea. The legends respecting him (his amour with Demeter, the earth, for instance,) are on this supposition easy of explan
dead. He is described as being inexorable and deaf to supplication, —  for from his realms there is no return, — and an obje
e country most abundant in gold. The adventures of this god were few, for the gloomy nature of himself and his realm did no
r the gloomy nature of himself and his realm did not offer much field for such legends of the gods as Grecian fancy delight
enemies of the gods, such as Sisyphos, Tityos, Tantalos, are punished for their crimes, but not apart from the rest of the
the Titans, became one of these regions, and the place of punishment for wicked men ; and Elysion, which lay on the shore
king of the gods, was moved down thither to form the place of reward for good men. A stream encompassed the domains of Had
richest and fullest description of the new-modified under-world, and for those who love to trace the progress and change o
ch most to admire at, their audacity, or the credulity of the Greeks. For the former asserted, and the latter believed, tha
an lake, after it had received its sentence from the judges appointed for that purpose. Oceanos was but the Egyptian name o
ossessed a helmet which rendered its wearer invisible : it was forged for him by Hephæstos, the later writers say, in the t
the hill Thronax was named Coccygion (Cuckoo-hill)504. In the Ilias ( for she does not appear in the Odyssey) Hera, as the
eafter be related, made Io, Semele, Alcmena and other women, pay dear for their intrigues with the Olympian king. The ch
ple, and on its banks grew the plant of the same name, which was used for weaving the (bridal ?) coronals of the goddess518
) of Hera disappeared from the temple ; it was then diligently sought for , and was always found on the sea-shore bound to a
ooks like the carrying away of the betrothed maiden ; the willow bed, for such it apparently is, refers perhaps to the chas
f the goddess in the bridal-dress527, and a new bridal-robe was woven for it every year528. Like most of the usages and cer
h as she is represented in the Ilias. Hera, the legend said, offended for some cause or another with Zeus, renounced his be
time of the Great Dædala came, there were fourteen images ready (one for each of the cities of Bœotia), with which they re
ime, and also to operate as a bond of union among the Bœotian states. For our present purpose it is sufficient to remark th
also to be considered as a proof of her being regarded as the earth ; for in the religion of the ancient Germans (which was
of her unsightly husband. These visits were not unobserved by Helios ( for what can escape the piercing eye of the Sun-god ?
as to catch the lovers : then feigning a journey, set out as it were for Lemnos. Ares, who was on the watch, flew to his e
ancient physical mythe, or rather a combination of two such mythes ; for beauty might naturally have been made the spouse
a youth whom Ares placed to watch while he was with Aphrodite ; and, for neglect of his task, he was changed by the angry
Aphrodite. This has evidently all the appearance of a physical mythe, for from Love and Strife (i. e. attraction and repuls
e offender, and he was summoned by Poseidôn before a court of justice for the murder. The trial was held on this hill, the
of the god. But some late critics seem rather to look to ἔρα, earth, for its origin, and to regard him as having been one
e Ocean, where during nine years he employed himself in manufacturing for them various ornaments and trinkets568. We are no
posed of metal ; as also were their chariots and arms. He made armour for Achilleus and other mortal heroes569. The fatal c
s were the gift of Hephæstos to Æetes’ father Helios571 ; and he made for Alcinoös, king of the Phæacians, the gold and sil
f the Phæacians, the gold and silver dogs which guarded his house572. For himself he formed the golden maidens, who waited
e uses gypsum and ivory in the formation of the shield which he makes for Heracles577. That framed by him for Achilleus in
tion of the shield which he makes for Heracles577. That framed by him for Achilleus in the Ilias is all of metal. In the Il
he isle of Lemnos. It was here he fell when flung from heaven by Zeus for attempting to aid his mother Hera, whom Zeus had
him as his assistants. In Homer, when Thetis wants Hephæstian armour for her son, she seeks Olympos, and the armour is fas
of the heralds in Homer. A poet named Capito bestowed it (we know not for what reason) on Harmonia596. At Phliûs in the Pel
er), so well suited to a cup-bearer, a feminine title had been formed for Hebe. Hebe was called by the poets599, 1. Fair-an
nting that water was common to all, and appealing to their compassion for her babes. The brutes were insensible : they not
indignation : she raised her hand to heaven and cried, “May you live for ever in that pool !” Her wish was instantly accom
attempted to offer her violence : the goddess called to her children for aid, and he soon lay slain by their arrows. His p
rkness. The parents assigned to her correspond with this hypothesis ; for light, which is made to spring from darkness, may
ther. Leto assented with an oath, and the friendly isle received her. For nine days and nights the pains of labour continue
this great event,) were assembled in the isle. Moved with compassion for the sufferings of Leto, they dispatched Iris to O
rs of the goddess. Moved with wrath, the unborn Apollo menaced Thebes for her discourteous refusal, and foretold the future
he sea, and beheld far south of the Peloponnese a Cretan ship sailing for Pylos. He plunged into the sea, and in the form o
rious. The names Pytho and Delphi alone sufficed to give a foundation for some of them. The former, which evidently signifi
s serpent, another version of the legend says, was named Delphine620, for the formation of which name, as we may perceive,
ame, as we may perceive, Delphi probably gave its aid, as it did also for that of the change of the god into the porpoise,
it did also for that of the change of the god into the porpoise, and for his title Delphinios. The Homeric Apollo is a bei
t seems to have had a strong feeling of the dignity of his character, for he never ventures to use the same familiarity wit
of her father’s stream stretched forth her hands, calling on Pencios for protection and change of form. The river-god hear
the origin of natural productions, and that its object is to account for the bay-tree being sacred to Apollo. Apollo, it i
idelity of Coronis, a maiden of Larissa. His ignorance was his bliss, for the nymph was faithless. The raven, the favourite
from white to black624. This is probably a legend of some antiquity, for in a fragment of one of the poems ascribed to Hes
s. The matter being referred to Zeus, he allowed the maiden to choose for herself ; and fearing that when she grew old Apol
and so killed him633. A festival called the Hyacinthia was celebrated for three days in the summer of each year at Amyclæ,
be saved from the pyre of Coronis was Asclepios, who became so famous for his healing powers. Extending them so far as to r
e. Apollo incensed slew the Cyclopes who had forged the thunderbolts, for which bold deed Zeus was about to hurl him down t
to be content with the offender’s becoming a servant to a mortal man for the space of a year. Admetos, king of Pheræ, in T
s charge all bear twins635 ; while according to another he discharged for him even the most servile offices636. When the te
first sight be supposed. According to the Delphian tradition, it was for slaying the Pythôn that the god was condemned to
bloodshed, by representing even the pure god Apollo as being punished for slaying the Pythôn, a being of demon-origin, deem
hesis he thinks is confirmed by the names which occur in the legend : for Admetos, he says, must have been an epithet of Ha
the Catalogue642 the mares of Eumelos Pheretiades are highly praised for their beauty and swiftness, and it is added that
mmand of Zeus (we know not why given), served Laomedôn, king of Troy, for a year ; at the end of which time he refused to p
d threatened to cut off the cars of both, and even to sell the latter for a slave. The task of Apollo had been to tend the
was taught divination by Pan, the son of Zeus and the nymph Thymbris. For his musical instrument he was indebted to the inv
all present approved the decision except king Midas, whose ears were, for their obtuseness, lengthened by the victor to tho
f an ass647. The Silen648 Marsyas, having found the pipe which Athena for fear of injuring her beauty had flung away, conte
g away, contended with Apollo before the Muses, and was by him flayed for his temerity when vanquished ; and the tears of t
temerity when vanquished ; and the tears of the nymphs and rural gods for the fate of their companion gave origin to the st
own of Celænæ in Phrygia, whence the stream Marsyas issues, was hung, for some reason which is not very clear, a leathern b
d, called on the god to come from the Hyperboreans. Having given laws for a whole year among those men, when the time was c
e year among those men, when the time was come which he had appointed for the Delphic tripods also to resound, he directed
y middle of it, when Alcæus leads Apollo back from the Hyperboreans ; for when summer shines and Apollo journeys, the lyre
wells high and bright with his waves, emulating the Enipeus of Homer. For , like Homer. Alcæus ventures to make the very wat
are unanimous in deriving from ϕάω, to shine ; of which the advocates for the original identity of this deity with Helios s
y the Cyclopes, and to devote herself to the chase. She further asked for sixty Ocean-nymphs as her companions, and twenty
which she reserved to draw her chariot : the fifth, destined by Hera for the last labour of Heracles, bounded across the K
d to carry in her game, till Heracles was received into Olympos, when for his strength that office devolved on him. He carr
ares and small game alone, and attach herself to the boars and oxen ; for Heracles, the poet observes, though deified, stil
t numerous. She turned, as we shall relate below, Actæôn into a stag, for having unconsciously beheld her when bathing674.
beheld her when bathing674. Callisto was changed by her into a bear, for breach of chastity675. Oriôn perished by her arro
ite companion of Artemis. Minôs falling in love with her, pursued her for the space of nine months, the nymph at times conc
rments and impeded her flight. Leaving Crete, Britomartis then sailed for Ægina in a boat : the boatman attempted to offer
d saw that her pursuer was close upon her. She then prayed to Artemis for relief, and was immediately dissolved into a foun
seeing no chance of success in a lawful way he resolved to force her. For this purpose he came to Letrini, where she and he
th, as Persephone in Erebos. This will also give a very simple reason for her being like Eileithyia, the aider of women in
period the Greeks grew more familiar with those distant regions, zeal for the honour of the poet who had sung so well the w
the Cretan hunting-shoes (ἐνδρομίδϵς), and has her garment tucked up for speed. On her back she bears a quiver, and in her
of the sun, or the coups de soleil and diseases caused by his action. For a similar reason arrows were given to the goddess
ter of mildew and the destroyer of mice and grasshoppers, are reasons for viewing him as a god of nature730. Against all th
one of whom admired, saluted, and loved her, and each god desired her for his wife. Empedocles said that Aphrodite was the
change. Filled with awe, he conceals his face in the clothes and sues for mercy ; but the goddess reassures him, and inform
ras, having offended Aphrodite744, was by her inspired with a passion for her own father. After a long struggle against it,
rha748. The rose also derived its present hue from this fatal event ; for as the distracted goddess ran barefoot through th
in the Græco-Ægyptic city of Alexandria. This notion of the mourning for Adonis being a testimony of grief for the absence
ia. This notion of the mourning for Adonis being a testimony of grief for the absence of the sun during the winter, is not,
e winter, is not, however, to be too readily acquiesced in. Lobeck754 for example asks, with some appearance of reason, why
girdle (κεστὸς ἱμὰς), which had the gift of inspiring love and desire for the person who wore it. Hera, when about to lull
doubt of the identification of this last with the Grecian Aphrodite, for the tale of Adonis sufficiently proves it ; and t
of Heaven and Earth, while Simonides assigned him Aphrodite and Ares for parents768. In Olên’s hymn to Eileithyia769 that
ore natural than to term Aphrodite the mother of Love, but the reason for so calling Eileithyia, the president of child-bir
god in their city was of plain stone, but Praxiteles afterwards made for them one of Pcntelican marble of rare beauty774.
strength greatly increase. But this was only when Anterôs was near ; for if he was at a distance, Erôs found himself shrin
philosopher as if he had been their father ; and after caressing them for some time, he restored them to their native eleme
e most celebrated is that contained in the agreeable tale of his love for Psyche (ψυχὴ, the soul), preserved by Apuleius in
ed him the lovely maid, and ordered him to inspire her with a passion for some vile and abject wretch. The goddess departed
le placed on a lofty rock. Here, while she sat weeping, a zephyr sent for the purpose gently raised and carried her to a ch
mes his wife. Her sisters had meanwhile come to console their parents for the loss of Psyche, whose invisible spouse inform
air, but fell ; and as she lay, the god reproached her from a cypress for her breach of faith. The abandoned Psyche attempt
at the kingdom of her sisters ; and, by a false tale of Cupid’s love for them, causes them to cast themselves from the roc
urning, she thinks she may venture to open the box and take a portion for herself, that she may be the more pleasing to her
l fiction is perhaps a philosophic allegory, intended by its inventor for a representation of the mystic union between the
ations which the latter must undergo, in order to be perfectly fitted for an enduring union with the divinity. It is thus e
ver them all. The interpretation of an allegory is always hazardous : for fancy presided over its birth, and fancy must alw
allegory. Ere we quit this subject we must observe, that a Greek name for the moth was Psyche (ψυχὴ). The fondness of this
reek name for the moth was Psyche (ψυχὴ). The fondness of this insect for approaching at night the flame of the lamp or can
eille, Moliere, and Quinault produced a tragédie-ballet named Psyche, for the amusement of the court of Louis XIV. In Engli
gether791, possibly to denote the union of skill and courage required for that service792. Every prudent chief was esteemed
s, who had won her affection797. When Pandora was formed by Hephæstos for the ruin of man, she was attired by Pallas-Athene
hen of cloud-collecting Zeus She on her put, and clad herself in arms For tearful war ; and round her shoulders cast The fr
before the liquid mirror. Satisfied that the goddesses had had reason for their mirth, she threw her pipe away : Marsyas un
nder the title of Alea. She contended, as we have seen, with Poseidôn for Athens and Trœzên, and, according to one account,
, with Poseidôn for Athens and Trœzên, and, according to one account, for Argos. This goddess is represented with a serious
pot of the godless. Here, however, again Homer presents a difficulty, for , as we have already observed, the practice of ass
Zeus desires Hermeias to accompany him, reminding him of his fondness for associating with mankind833. The god obeys his si
. He had scarcely been laid in his cradle, when he got up and set off for Pieria to steal cows from Apollo. As he was going
he replied, that he was resolved by his actions to procure admission for her and himself to the assembly of the gods. In t
d in Olympos, Apollo relates the theft, and tells what reasons he had for suspecting the baby of being the thief. All this
lyre, the tones of which so ravish Apollo that he offers him the cows for it. The young god gives him the lyre, and receive
rsion of the legend is not a babe, thought the opportunity favourable for stealing a few of the heedless herdsman’s cattle.
s ran out to look, and immediately knew them to be stolen, but agreed for a certain reward not to give information to any o
d seen any one driving stolen cattle by, offering a cloak as a reward for intelligence. The covetous Battos took the cloak,
hy he came. Hermes immediately informed her of his rank, and his love for her sister, entreating her good offices in his su
thene incensed at her unhallowed cupidity, and provoked with her also for other causes, sent Envy to fill her bosom with th
bearer (Κριοϕόρος) and Defender (Пρόμαχος) : the former was given him for having delivered the citizens from a pestilence,
to protect wayfarers860, and thence to be a protector in general861. For this cause, among others, it may have been that g
l deity, when thus become active, sly, and eloquent, was well adapted for the office which was assigned him of agent and me
a conjecture, perhaps we should say as a mere sport of imagination ; for we are inclined to regard the mythe of Io as one
beauty, an object of amazement to ‘all immortal gods and mortal men,’ for one hundred flowers grew from one root884 ; And
g the terrified goddess carried her off in it shrieking to her father for aid, unheard and unseen by gods or mortals, save
which however she declined. Iambe the serving-maid then prepared one for her, where she sat in silence, thinking of her ‘d
nd the king at home seated on a couch with his wife, who was mourning for her mother. On making known to Aïdoneus the wish
anxiously inquired if her daughter had tasted anything while below ; for if she had not, she would be free to spend her wh
n-bringer, come : Thyself and child, Persephoneia fair, Grant freely, for my song, the means of life. But I will think of t
ymph Arethusa gives intelligence of the ravisher, and Ascalaphos (who for his mischief-making is turned into an owl)887 tel
rn is away ; and which space of time in some species of grain, barley for instance, is about four months. The vanity of the
arth889. This last circumstance betrays the late age of the fiction ; for , as we have already observed, in the time of Home
ho impiously cut down her sacred grove. This infliction gave occasion for the exercise of the filial piety and power of sel
cter. Her usual symbol are poppies, which sometimes compose a garland for her head, sometimes are held in her hand. She is
extreme respecting the religious opinions of the ancient Pelasgians. For as there appears reason to suppose their religion
that unseen world. It may be doubted whether they gave him a consort ( for in the Italian system such was not the case), but
nquiries of the learned and judicious Lobeck, referring those anxious for fuller information to his valuable work entitled
erb (Ἀττικοὶ τὰ Ἐλευίνια) applied to those who met together in secret for the performance of any matter917. Gradually, with
immoral or indecent919. There does not appear to be any valid reason for supposing, as many do, that a public discourse on
s tranquillity of mind and favour of Heaven, are easy to be accounted for without having recourse to so absurd a suppositio
mpt his memory929. No definite number of the Muses is given by Homer, for we cannot regard as his the verse930 in which the
nder-world, to endeavour to mollify its rulers, and obtain permission for her to return to the realms of light. Hades and P
wn on herself the anger of Aphrodite by taunting her with her passion for Adonis, was inspired by her with love for Pieros
unting her with her passion for Adonis, was inspired by her with love for Pieros the son of Magnes. She bore him a son name
lime view of the sanctity of marriage gave him Dionysos and Aphrodite for parents947. He was invoked at marriage festivals9
ns, it would also appear, connected their Camenæ with the fountains ; for Egeria was one of them, and her fount long contin
rmur induces calmness over the spirit, and puts the mind into a frame for the reception of poetic images955. Hence it has b
complains of the iniquity of man’s mind, ‘that the people may suffer for the transgressions of their kings.’ By an unknown
em977 ; and she promises Pasithea, one of the youngest of the Graces, for a wife to Sleep, in return for his aid in deceivi
ea, one of the youngest of the Graces, for a wife to Sleep, in return for his aid in deceiving Zeus. By later writers she i
ike so many other goddesses, to three, and gives them Zeus and Themis for their parents998. In an interpolated passage of t
suffer ‘what Aisa [a name synonymous with Moira] span with her thread for him when his mother brought him forth ; ’ and in
fter suffer ‘what Aisa and the heavy Cataclothes span with the thread for him when his mother brought him forth.’ It is pro
the Theogony, regarded the Fates as the offspring of Zeus and Order, for in him they are but the ministers of Zeus, in who
n of Night1019, and the Orphie Hymns assign them the rulers of Erebos for parents1020. In the time of the Alexandrians, the
ith those passages of the Homeric poems in which they are mentioned ; for they are there invoked to avenge the breach of fi
re only a form of Demeter and Kora, the great goddesses of the earth. For everything in nature having injurious as well as
es are called by Hesiod1049 the children of Night. By Homer they are, for a very natural and obvious reason, said to be twi
eep reminds the goddess of the imminent danger which he formerly ran, for having at her desire sealed the eyes of Zeus in s
Zeus, awaking in a rage, knocked the gods about the house, searching for Sleep, who only escaped by seeking the protection
evered too much to offend. Hera, by urging that the affection of Zeus for the Trojans could not be supposed equal to that f
affection of Zeus for the Trojans could not be supposed equal to that for his own son, and finally by offering and swearing
inally by offering and swearing to give him one of the younger Graces for his spouse, overcomes the fears of Sleep, who acc
her or nurse was uncertain. The image of this goddess made by Bupalos for the Smyrnæans had a hemisphere (πόλος) on its hea
calaphos, Terror and Fear are commanded to yoke the steeds to his car for the war. Prayers (Λιταὶ), says the poet1072, are
they also did to Shame and Impetuosity, and above all to Mercy1077 ; for with all their faults, and though from the defect
ion to greater mysticism than Dionysos, the god of wine. Creuzer1080, for example, the prince of mystics, deduces his worsh
if he is a god, adding, “ I would not fight with the celestial gods ; for the stout Lycurgos, son of Dryas, who contended w
e waves of the sea, and Thetis received him in her bosom terrified, —  for great fear possessed him from the shouting of the
that they would take their captive to Egypt or elsewhere and sell him for a slave. They then set sail, the wind blew fresh,
ssel. His shipmates in affright now called aloud to the pilot to make for the land ; but the god assuming the form of a gri
rated with abundance of noise and mirth. Such, we say, may have been ( for we venture not to assert it) the original Dionysi
nies of Egyptians — a people, by the way, without ships, or materials for building them, who had no ports, and who held the
5. The Greeks caught up the idea, and represented the son of Semele —  for the popular faith did not give up the old legend
s mad, who killed his own son Dryas with a blow of an axe, taking him for a vine-branch ; and his subjects afterwards bound
and left him on Mount Pangæon, where he was destroyed by wild horses, for such was the will of Dionysos. When Dionysos reac
with reason that Sophocles1119 styles Dionysos manynamed (πολυνυμος), for in the Orphic hymns alone we meet upwards of fort
n the original conception of Dionysos he was not merely the wine-god, for such restricted notions are contrary to the geniu
he story of his birth, and also in the dog Mæra (Μɑȋρɑ), another name for Sirius the dog-star1127 ; the name of his compani
e with whom he was joined. This critic accounts on the same principle for the very slight mention of Dionysos in the Homeri
equently in his legend. Like Tritôn, however, it has been multiplied, for we find a Nysa on Helicôn in Bœotia1131, in Thrac
ing the following just and philosophical observations of a writer1133 for whom we entertain the highest respect and esteem.
, built on any other foundation : and these were posterior to Homer ; for if his contemporaries had known anything of that
een the practice of the Aœdi to attend to distinctions of this kind ; for Odysseus, we may observe, in all his wanderings n
, Apollo Oros, and Artemis Bubastes, and an island in the Nile, said ( for Herodotus could not perceive it to move) to be a
Troy. The more ancient Greeks named the Delta Egypt, the rest Thebes, for which reason Memphis might very well be the Thebe
. 27.) the Egyptian prince Psammitichos was driven by his competitors for the throne to seek shelter in the marshes of the
driven into any other by stress of weather, they were obliged to sail for it, or their cargoes, if the wind was still rough
f Hermes by an Arcadian nymph1163. Hermes, he says, smitten with love for the daughter of Dryops (Woody), abandoned Olympos
he courier who was sent from Athens to Sparta to call on the Spartans for aid against the Persians, declared that, as he wa
gnity by priests and philosophers, becoming a symbol of the universe, for his name signified all. Further, as he dwelt in t
ty signified either wood or primitive matter, this was another ground for exalting him. It is amusing to read how all the a
formed in similitude of nature ; whence he is called Pan, i. e. All : for he has horns in similitude of the rays of the sun
lant of Pan1182. What are called Panic terrors were ascribed to Pan ; for loud noises, whose cause could not easily be trac
daughters of Hecatæos by the daughter of Phoroneus. The Laconian term for a Satyr was Tityros1191, which also signified the
s of drama named from them. It is not unlikely that they are indebted for their deification to the festivals of that god, a
9. Marsyas is called a Silen1200. Like the seagods, Silenos was noted for wisdom. It would therefore appear that a Silen wa
in of things, and the events of past times1206. One was, What is best for men ? Silenos was long silent ; at length, when h
ate and hard fortune, why do ye oblige me to tell what it were better for you not to know ? Life is most free from pain whe
ree from pain when one is ignorant of future evils. It is best of all for man not to be born…… the second is, for those who
ture evils. It is best of all for man not to be born…… the second is, for those who are born to die as soon as possible1207
m with his own garlands, led him to their king. Midas entertained him for ten days, and then conducted him to his foster-so
worshiped by the people of Lampsacus, a city on the Hellespont famous for its vineyards. Priapos was not — as is supposed,
1223 ; others gave him Hermes1224 or Adonis1225, or even Zeus himself for a sire1226. Priapos, like the other rural gods, i
of rearing various gods and heroes was committed to them : they were, for instance, the nurses of Dionysos, Pan, and even Z
ntains in the company of Artemis. In the Fairy Mythology1230, a work, for which, as our first effort in this department of
ios1237 : But he was paying the penalty laid on His father’s crime ; for one time, cutting trees Alone among the hills, he
cut The trunk of an oak tree, which, with herself Coeval, had endured for many a year. But, in the pride of youth, he fooli
rishing with the tree, came to him and expressed her gratitude to him for having saved her life, and at the same time desir
penalty of his hard-heartedness to her and other nymphs and maidens ; for seeing his own figure in a clear spring, he becam
name1239. These are fables invented, in the usual manner, to account for the origin of the echo and the narcissus. The Sca
locks of her father, and the Hamadryades conceived a strong affection for her. They made her their playfellow, and taught h
ocks, which he himself fed on the mountains. The nymphs assisted him, for they were charmed with his singing and his music,
It was gradually applied to married1246 or marriageable young women, for the idea of youth was always included. It is in t
Hesiod1248 he was the son of Pontos and Earth, and was distinguished for his knowledge and his love of truth and justice,
constant epithet of Thetis is silver-footed (ἀργυροπέξα) ; and it was for venturing to compare herself in beauty with the N
e women of Tanagra in Bœotia, going into the sea to purify themselves for the orgies of Bacchos, were, while there, assaile
ian cut off his head with an axe. He relates these legends to account for the statue of Tritôn at Tanagra being headless. H
t escape, he resumes his own form, and reveals to Menelaos the remedy for his distress. He at the same time informs him of
oretold in the Æolic dialect all kinds of evil. The fishermen watched for his approach, and endeavoured by fastings, prayer
, bound him with a vine-band, and drove him from the island. His love for Scylla we shall presently relate. Λυκοθέα και
e of the tasks imposed on Heracles was that of procuring some of them for Eurystheus. Hesiod says that the Hesperides were
o their neighbours, the Grææ and Gorgons, gave them Phor-cys and Keto for parents1285. Their names are said to have been Æg
ntly an island in the Ocean, and not the gloomy land beyond it 1288 ; for the poets, led by the analogy of the lovely appea
ed, and not entirely without reason, to have been a fiction, indebted for its origin to the accounts of the oranges of Afri
mer on the shield of Agamemnôn1295 ; and when describing Hectôr eager for slaughter, he says that he had ‘the eyes of Gorgo
laces them somewhere in Libya. This however is not to be wondered at, for it is only a part of the system of localisation,
ode in well-known countries to all the beings of fable, which brought for example the transoceanic Kimme-rians over to the
ruction of the fleet of Xerxes by a storm to the partiality of Boreas for the country of Oreithyia, and built a temple to h
nto this interesting subject we are not required at present to enter, for the geography of these parts is distinct, the one
The Odyssey would seem to intimate a knowledge of Italy and Sicily ; for a place named Temesa, whither the Taphians used t
place named Temesa, whither the Taphians used to sail to barter iron for copper, is mentioned1326 ; and in Italy, in ancie
1335, encountered a violent north-east wind (βορέης), which drove him for nine days along the sea, till he reached the coun
t they had been shipwrecked, and appealing to his mercy and reverence for the gods, he declared that the Cyclopes regarded
ce for the gods, he declared that the Cyclopes regarded not the gods, for they were much more powerful than they : he then
that of rearing the massive walls of Tiryns, thence named Cyclopian, for which purpose they were brought by Prœtos from Ly
purpose they were brought by Prœtos from Lycia1341. Polyphemos’ love for the Nereïs Galateia is well known from the bucoli
shepherd, whom in his jealous rage the monster crushed beneath a rock for being more acceptable to the nymph of the waters
but akin to the gods1345, by whom it would appear they were destroyed for their impiety1346. They were apparently of huge s
n he was dismissing Odysseus, after having hospitably entertained him for an entire month, he gave him all the winds but Ze
, he gave him all the winds but Zephyros tied up in a bag of ox-hide. For nine days and nights the ships ran merrily before
le. As Æolia was a floating isle, it is evidently as needless to look for its exact position as for that of Laputa1355. At
g isle, it is evidently as needless to look for its exact position as for that of Laputa1355. At the time when Odysseus cam
west. Odysseus, when driven from his isleby Æolos, sailed on further for six days and nights, at the end of which time he
m the market-place, who seized one of them and killed and dressed him for dinner. The other two made their escape, pursued
wages earn ; as neatherd one, And one as keeper of the snowy sheep ; For near the paths are of the day and night. The anc
360 as the abode of the Læstrygonians ; acting in this consistently : for when the floating island of Æolos was determined
most westerly of those scattered by the poet over the Mediterranean, for it appears to have lain on the very edge of the O
companions to their pristine form, and they all abode in her dwelling for an entire year. At the end of that period they we
all see, unwittingly slew his own father. The Theogony1364 gives them for offspring Agrios and Latinos, ‘who afar in the re
Ocean, or as some said to the headland named from her in Italy1366 ; for in the localisation of the imaginary isles and re
ysseus, the promontory of Circæum on the coast of Latium was fixed on for the abode of Circe. The fact of its not being an
sion to connect Circe with their own scanty mythology. It was fabled, for example, that she had been married to king Picus,
pass. One of these cliffs towers to such a height that its summit is for ever enveloped in clouds, and no man even if he h
kes a man. The opposite rock, the goddess informs him, is much lower, for a man could shoot over it. A wild fig-tree grows
between the Wandering Rocks and Thrinakia (if this last be Sicily) ; for it is after passing those rocks that Odysseus com
the cattle of the Sun. During the night a violent storm came on ; and for an entire month afterwards a strong south-east wi
done ; and the displeasure of the gods was manifested by prodigies ; for the hides crept along the ground, and the flesh l
es crept along the ground, and the flesh lowed on the spits. They fed for six days on the sacred cattle ; on the seventh th
rding to the analogy of the Odyssey it must have been a small island, for such were Ææa, Ogygia, and all that we meet ; — n
must also have conceived it to lie much more to the west than Sicily, for it could not have been more than the third day af
and held by it till they were thrown out again. He then floated along for nine days ; and on the tenth reached Ogygia1407,
m he was most kindly received and entertained. She detained him there for eight years, designing to make him immortal, and
eight years, designing to make him immortal, and to keep him with her for ever : but Hermes arriving with a command from Ze
, and lived in the enjoyment of it undisturbed by the alarms of war ; for as they ‘dwelt remote from gain-seeking man’1417,
ubsided, he was carried along, as he swam, by a strong northerly wind for two days and nights, and on the third day he got
ll there be, who will come bearing war to the land of the Phæacians ; for they are very dear to the Immortals. We dwell apa
er who has come hither.” In another place, when noticing the occasion for scandal which her appearance in company with Odys
ight lead to the supposition of Scheria being to the west of Ithaca ; for the abode of Rhadamanthys was the Elysian Plain o
nces of the preceding paragraph do not by any means apply to Corcyra, for we know not what the Ionian Singer’s idea of it m
all things in it were divided. The Phœnicians and Taphians visited it for the sake of trade. It is almost impossible, we sh
that it was chiefly ornamental articles (ἀθύρματα) which they offered for sale. The ship whose crew carried off Eumæos cont
appears that the Greeks made voyages to both the East and the West ; for the nurse of Eumæos was daughter of Arybas a weal
Sea’s Great streams, ye springs and rivers, and ye hills Wood-hung ; for I have now gone o’er the whole Flood of the sea,
— and he carries back his thoughts through ages and generations, till for very weariness he is obliged to stop somewhere an
mother, and when they attained to youth they lived but a short time, for they would not abstain from mutual injury, nor pa
Their arms were brass, their houses brass, with brass they wrought, ‘ for black iron was not yet.’ At length, slain by each
ught at Thebes, on account of the sheep of Œdipûs, and sailed to Troy for ‘well-haired Helena.’ When they died, Zeus remove
man, in the Islands of the Blest, and live in bliss, earth producing for them ‘honey-sweet fruit’ thrice in each revolving
his time redrawn by moralists and poets in every region of the earth, for this is the race who still possess it. This race,
oyed a perpetual spring, the earth producing everything spontaneously for them : in the time of the second the division of
ce on his powers hurry man to death. It is said by later writers that for his share in the Titan-war Menœtios was hurled in
t, a task assigned him by Zeus, in punishment, the later writers say, for his share in the Titan-war1455. Atlas was the fat
and weakness of man. In this mythe however there is great confusion, for its original sense seems to have been lost very e
ch higher nature. The former legend was manifestly devised to account for the custom at Sicyôn, as at Sparta, of offering t
ects laid him in chains. But Heracles coming thither opened a passage for the Eagle into the sea, and thus freed the captiv
e inferior animals, while man was left naked and helpless. As the day for their emerging from the earth was at hand, Promet
ght be in heaven to his purpose, unless he could go thither and judge for himself. The goddess then bore him to heaven in h
rted her right to it, as she had furnished the body. They took Saturn for arbitrator, and he decided that, as Jupiter had g
stance to the many legends we have already given, invented to account for properties and relations of animals. When Prometh
and relations of animals. When Prometheus had stolen fire from heaven for the good of mankind, they were so ungrateful as t
he good of mankind, they were so ungrateful as to betray him to Zeus. For their treachery they got in reward a remedy again
obtained possession of the gift of Zeus, but with it as a punishment for his art he got the thirst of the ass. Hence it is
ate, was incensed at this daring deed, and resolved to punish the men for it. He therefore directed Hephæstos to knead eart
s some vestige of the old sense of the mythe seems to have remained ; for Horace classes Prometheus with Dædalos and Heracl
e epigrammatist Macedonius1491. It seems to have had as little charms for the Latin poets ; even Ovid (strange as it may ap
ls with her from heaven shut up in a box (πυξίς). We can only account for this by supposing that at the restoration of lear
nnese was overflowed. Deucaliôn was carried along this sea in his ark for nine days and nights until he reached Mount Parna
rown by Pyrrha women ; and from this circumstance came the Greek name for people 1494. This narrative, it may easily be see
mstance of the ark would seem to have been learned at Alexandria1496, for we elsewhere find the dove noticed. “The mytholog
ole of its surface, till the action of subterranean fire opened a way for them. We are not by any means to assert that this
and even fancy that they discern in certain places of the Ilias (such for example as the quarrel between Agamemnôn and Calc
f a caste of priests, whom they were bound to obey. But unfortunately for this hypothesis, the various huge monuments of th
. It was probably at this time that the word Hellenes came into use ; for the Greeks, finding themselves to differ in langu
of fancy : the third, commencing with the Dorian migration, and being for some space of time mytho-historic or history ming
s real history. It is this last period alone which presents materials for the historian. The mythic history of Greece, to w
ece1526. In general, however, they only resumed their pristine rank ; for the hero of one period was not unfrequently the g
ay be divided into distinct periods. In the mythic history of Greece, for instance, we find an indefinite period, in which
man. Apollo also obtained from the Fates that, when the day appointed for the life of Admetos to terminate should come, he
ed his aged father and mother to lay down their small remnant of life for his sake, but they were deaf to his prayers. With
leave one of his sandals in the mud ; her object was to give occasion for Medeia's coming to Iolcos and destroying Pelias15
but one sandal, he saw the accomplishment of the oracle, and sending for him next day, asked him what he would do, if he h
ia from Iolcos, and they retired to Corinth, where they lived happily for ten years ; till Iasôn, wishing to marry Glauce o
incess, enraged at the ingratitude of her husband, called on the gods for vengeance, sent a poisoned robe as a gift to the
the accounts of the manner in which she contrived to destroy Pelias ; for it is said that before the Argo came to Iolcos Me
rnful hymns offer sacrifices to appease the deity. The cause assigned for this rite was as follows. Medeia reigned at Corin
h. The companions of Acastos getting all these beasts, derided Peleus for having killed no game ; but pulling out the tongu
Centaurs would find him and kill him1560. When Peleus awoke he sought for his sword, but in vain ; and the Centaurs coming
ain ; and the Centaurs coming on him would have put him to death, but for Cheirôn, who saved him, and then looked for and r
ave put him to death, but for Cheirôn, who saved him, and then looked for and returned him his sword1561. Shortly after Pel
gods resolved to give him a goddess in marriage. The spouse selected for him was the sea-nymph Thetis, who had been wooed
ned her to espouse a mortal1566, or that Hera herself selected Peleus for her spouse1567. Cheirôn, being made aware of the
s danced, to celebrate the wedding, and Ganymedes poured forth nectar for the guests1573. When the celebrated son of Peleus
e son of Antiôn or Peisiôn ; others gave him Phlegyas or the god Ares for a sire. He obtained the hand of Dia the daughter
the heroic age. Its chief object seems to have been to inspire horror for the violation of the duties of hospitality on the
offence, and calculated to strike with awe the minds of the hearers, for we should always remember that these ancient myth
mountaintribe, dwelling on and about Mount Pelion. There is no ground for supposing that Homer and Hesiod conceived them to
s spear in the market and ordered the people to worship it as a god ; for which act of impiety Zeus punished him by the han
d his son Medeios, Heracles, Asclepios, and Achilleus, and was famous for his skill in surgery1597, which he taught the two
oisoned arrows, he suffered extreme pain, till, on his prayer to Zeus for relief, he was raised to the sky and made the con
ntaurs as Air-piercers (from κντϵῐν τὴν αὔραν) not an improbable one, for that very idea is suggested by the figure of a Co
ified Stone-persuaders 1601 (from λᾰας πϵίθϵιν), a poetic appellation for the builders of towns. He supposes Hippodameia, a
ntauress, married to the prince of the Lapiths1602, and thus accounts for the Centaurs having been at the wedding. Müller16
e legends, of which we have seen so many examples, devised to account for the names, habits, and properties of animals. Yet
t and taught him the mode of its culture1610 ; in reward it was added for his allowing the god’s familiarity with Althæa, b
1611. Œneus, it is also said, killed with his own hand his son Toxeus for leaping over the fence of his vineyard1612. When
13 ; who, having slain either his uncle, his cousins, or his brother ( for writers differ), fled to Adrastos at Argos. When
es, and the towers of Calydôn were shaken by the victorious Curetes : for Althæa, grieved at the fate of her brother, who h
hed the billet, and laid it up carefully in a chest. But now her love for her son giving way to resentment for the death of
lly in a chest. But now her love for her son giving way to resentment for the death of her brothers, she took the billet fr
enamoured of Europa carried her away to Crete ; and Agenôr, grieving for the loss of his only daughter, ordered his sons t
ng up, who slew each other, either quarrelling or through ignorance : for it is said that when Cadmos saw them rising he fl
e Sown (σπάρτοι) ; and they joined with Cadmos to build the city1625. For killing the sacred serpent Cadmos was obliged to
ude to Ares. At the expiration of that period Athena herself prepared for him a palace, and Zeus gave him Harmonia the daug
is a curious coincidence between the name Cadmos and the Semitic term for the East, Kedem,1633, and this may in reality be
the East, Kedem,1633, and this may in reality be the sole foundation for the notion of a Phœnician colony at Thebes ; for
the sole foundation for the notion of a Phœnician colony at Thebes ; for none of the usual evidences of colonisation are t
ne of the usual evidences of colonisation are to be found. We do not, for example, meet with the slightest trace of Phœnici
situated in a rich fertile valley away from the sea, and only adapted for agriculture, without mines, or any of those objec
rely put off the Phœnician character as to become noted in after-ages for their dislike of trade of every kind. We may ther
e think, now venture to dismiss this theory and seek a Grecian origin for Cadmos1634. Homer and Hesiod call the people of T
It was certainly his name that led to the idea of giving him Harmonia for his bride. The influence of names is also we thin
he oracle given to the Enchelians, namely to take Cadmos and Harmonia for their leaders, that is, to adopt regular discipli
5. Virgil1646 has elegantly related the story of the love of Aristæos for Eurydice the wife of Orpheus ; his pursuit of her
their grief by making an image of Actæôn1647. Another cause assigned for the anger of the goddess was Actæôn’s boasting th
alousy of a step-mother, resolved to destroy the children of Nephele. For this purpose she persuaded the women to parch the
rse with Ino. When the response of the oracle came to Athamas he sent for Phrixos out of the country, desiring him to come
ntry, desiring him to come and to bring the finest sheep in the flock for a sacrifice. The ram then spoke with a human voic
is none which has suffered more at their hands than the present one, for it was a favourite subject with them. Thus Euripi
e confidant of her design to destroy Ino's children, and directed her for that purpose to dress them in black and her own i
of society, the descendents of Zeus himself, expiating by their lives for the sin not of themselves but of the people1666.
Nycteus. Both Lycos and his brother, it is said, had fled from Eubœa for killing Phlegyas the son of Ares ; and as they we
rch by the Thebans ; and he seized the regal power, which he occupied for twenty years, till he was killed by Zethos and Am
ey expelled Laïos, seized on the government, and walled-in the town ; for which purpose the stones are said to have moved i
er. Nine days they lay in blood, and there was none To bury them, for Kronides had made The people stones ; but on the
ne ; that given above being plainly the work of late times to account for their appearance at Thebes. Müller1680 views in t
sed gods’1681 were gallant warriors who walled and fortified the city for the defence, it is said1682, of Cadmos the priest
as her own, and named it Œdipûs on account of its swollen feet 1685 ; for Laïos, previous to its exposure, had pierced its
table which had belonged to Cadmos, and filled a golden cup with wine for him ; but when he perceived the heir-looms of his
undo the acts of another, gave him in compensation an extent of life for seven generations, and the power of foreseeing co
to whose posterity, on Eteocles’ dying childless, the kingdom came : for Halmos had two daughters, Chrysogeneia and Chryse
are celebrated in the mythe of Dionysos, on account of their contempt for his rites, and their consequent punishment1707. T
hitects, and built the temple of Apollo at Delphi1712, and a treasury for king Hyrieus. In the wall of this last they place
means from time to time purloined the treasure. This amazed Hyrieus ; for his locks and seals were untouched, and yet his w
d, and yet his wealth continually diminished. At length he set a trap for the thief, and Agamedes was caught. Trophonios, u
d Ephialtes the sons of Alœus, says the Ilias1719, kept Ares confined for thirteen months in a brazen prison (κεράμῳ), and
rewarded by the young hero, as he killed him with a blow of the lyre for having struck him. He was called to account for t
th a blow of the lyre for having struck him. He was called to account for this deed, and justified himself by citing a law
d there he grew up to great strength and size. His look was terrible, for he was the son of Zeus ; his stature was four cub
when going to engage the lion was hospitably entertained by Thestios for fifty days. Each night one of the fifty daughters
ne of the fifty daughters of his host ascended the couch of the hero, for Thestios was desirous to propagate the race of th
ain a number of them concluded peace on condition of their paying him for twenty years an annual tribute of a hundred oxen.
ying him for twenty years an annual tribute of a hundred oxen. It was for this tribute that the heralds were going to Thebe
, and the two of his brother Iphicles, into the fire. As a punishment for this deed he went into voluntary exile, and was p
where he should settle. The Pythia then first named him Heracles1736, for hitherto he had been called Alceides from his gra
lorchos’ abode, he found him just on the point of offering the victim for him as being dead. Having offered the sacrifice t
is legs. The hero crushed her heads with his club, but to no purpose, for when one was crushed two sprang up in its stead.
d to Artemis. Heracles, not wishing to kill or wound her, pursued her for an entire year1743. When the animal was tired wit
rother Apollo. The goddess took the hind from him, and reproached him for violating her sacred animal. But the hero excusin
guest roast meat, though he himself fared on it raw. Heracles asking for wine, his host said he feared to open the jar, wh
he Centaurs ; but when pressed by the hero he consented to unclose it for him. The fragrance of the wine spread over the mo
nt of his immortality, till, on his expressing his willingness to die for Prometheus, he was released by death from his mis
rned to Pholœ, he found Pholos lying dead along with several others ; for , having drawn the arrow out of the body of one of
as, he said nothing to him of the commands of Eurystheus, but offered for a tenth of his herds to clean out his stables in
. Dexamenos imploring his aid, he killed the Centaur as he was coming for his bride. Eurystheus however refused to count th
to count this also among the twelve tasks, saying that he had done it for hire. The sixth task was to drive away the Stymph
o Marathôn in Attica, where he did great mischief to the inhabitants. For his eighth task he was enjoined to bring to Mycen
river Thermodôn. This nation was composed of women, who were renowned for their valour. When they bore children, they reare
r exceeding all the Amazons in valour. This girdle Eurystheus coveted for his daughter Admeta, and he ordered Heracles to b
e no end of the evil till Laomedôn had given his daughter Hesione1750 for food to the monster. He therefore exposed her, fa
ould give him the mares which Zeus had presented to Trôs, in exchange for his son Ganymedes. Laomedôn assented, and Heracle
he space of eight years and a month ; but Eurystheus refused to allow for those of killing the hydra and cleansing the stab
consequence of an oracle, offered up strangers on the altar of Zeus : for Egypt having been afflicted with a dearth for nin
on the altar of Zeus : for Egypt having been afflicted with a dearth for nine years, a Cyprian named Phrasios, a great soo
ed him not to go himself to take the golden apples, but to send Atlas for them, and in the mean time to support the heaven
Eurystheus was to bring Cerberos from the under-world. When preparing for this expedition, Heracles went to Eumolpos at Ele
us by the hand, and raised him up1767 ; but when he would do the same for Peirithoös, the earth quaked, and he left him. He
ed him to wrestle. Heracles laid hold on him, broke his ribs, and but for the prayers of Persephone would have killed him o
, but did not obtain the promised prize. Iphitos, the eldest son, was for giving his sister to Heracles ; but Eurytos and h
er the temple, and taking the tripod was about establishing an oracle for himself. Apollo came to oppose him ; but Zeus hur
response, that his malady would be removed if he let himself be sold for three years as a slave, and gave the purchase-mon
as a slave, and gave the purchase-money to Eurytos as a compensation for the loss of his son1769. Accordingly, in obedienc
d vessels, manned by a valiant band of volunteer warriors, and sailed for Ilion. Leaving the fleet under the charge of Oïcl
ch in the walls, and entered. Heracles followed with his drawn sword, for he would have no one thought his superior. When T
that he must first be made a slave, and then she might give something for him and redeem him. She took her golden veil off
ch drove him to the isle of Côs. The inhabitants taking the strangers for pirates assailed them with stones, and endeavoure
ns1775. He then marched to Lacedæmôn, to punish the sons of Hippocoön for having slain Œonos the son of Licymnios. For as t
sh the sons of Hippocoön for having slain Œonos the son of Licymnios. For as this youth was gazing on the palace of Hippoco
ount Parthenion. But the babe was protected by the care of the gods ; for a hind, which had just calved, came and suckled h
ht the hand of Deïaneira the daughter of Œneus1778. He had to contend for her with the river-god Acheloös, who turned himse
by the victorious hero. The vanquished river-god gave him in exchange for it the horn of Amaltheia1779. Heracles afterwards
elf, agreeably to the law in such cases, and he set out with his wife for Trachis, the realm of his friend Ceÿx. On their w
vellers, saying he had received this office from the gods as a reward for his uprightness. Heracles went across through the
les went across through the water himself, having agreed on the price for the conveyance of Deïaneira. Nessos attempted to
sed an altar to Zeus ; and wishing to offer a sacrifice, sent to Ceÿx for a splendid robe to wear. Deïaneira hearing about
nd solitude of the shepherd’s life, by feats of strength and courage, for his future task of purifying the earth of violenc
omponent part of the original mythe, to which it suits so accurately. For if the virtue of Heracles was to be of any value,
d he must be tempted and resist the temptation. It was also necessary for the perfection of virtue that it should encounter
other regions1785. These labours are chiefly allegorical. The Hydra, for instance, was meant to represent the evils of dem
mphale, the fair queen of Lydia, and changes his club and lion’s skin for the distaff and the female robe. The mythe at len
with Deïaneira (that is, the league between the Dorians and Ætolians for the invasion of the Peloponnese), the taking of E
identified with the Doric hero a new series of adventures was devised for him, and he was made the object of the persecutio
ro. Of the age of these poems however we can only make a conjecture ; for it is well known that some of the Hesiodic poems,
ose of a man and a snake. In his time the gods began to choose cities for themselves ; and Poseidôn and Athena both fixed o
age, and other social institutions, and taught them to cultivate corn for their subsistence. This remarkable event is place
e birth of Erichthonios says, that Hephæstos having made golden seats for Zeus and the other gods, Hera when she sat in her
alled to set his mother free ; but he, who had done it through malice for her having flung him out of heaven, replied that
e variations. According to some, Tereus had early conceived a passion for Philomela, and he obtained her in marriage by pre
in Thrace. The legend is one of those invented to account mythically for the habits and properties of animals. The twitter
the Eleusinians, he consulted the god about the event ; and received for answer, that victory would fall to him who should
have children, and received the dog and dart in return1819. Cephalos for his involuntary crime was sentenced by the Areiop
are Blower (Ζήτης), Inflamer (Κάλαϊς)1826, and Snow (Χιόνη), to whom for the sake of uniformity another daughter was added
married Pylia the daughter of king Pylos ; who, being obliged to fly for the murder of his brother Bias, resigned Megara t
 ; and that the father continually pursues the daughter to punish her for her crime. According to Æschylus1831 Minôs bribed
ell in the attempt. According to other accounts, Ægeus laid an ambush for him as he was going to Thebes, where games were t
ry ninth year to be devoured by the Minotaur. This hard condition was for some time complied with. At length Theseus, the s
such a feat, held down the tree with ease ; and then, to punish Sinis for his previous cruelty, killed him, and hung him ou
owever that his death could not be very remote, they resolved to wait for that event, but they made no secret of their inte
usual under black sails, which Theseus promised his father to change for white in case of his returning victorious. When t
e hair and slew. He then got on board with his companions, and sailed for Athens. Ariadne accompanied his flight, but was a
efore he returned to Athens, Theseus sailed to Delos to pay his vow : for ere setting out on his perilous expedition, he ha
prepared to assist his friend in a bolder and more perilous attempt : for Peirithoös, after the death of Hippodameia, resol
here they sat unable to move, till Heracles passing by in his descent for Cerberos free'd Theseus, but was by a divine inti
sister of Ariadne. This princess was seized with a violent affection for the son of the Amazôn, — an affection produced by
 — an affection produced by the wrath of Aphrodite against Hippolytos for neglecting her deity, and devoting himself solely
with his death, either by accident or by the treachery of his host : for ascending with Lycomedes a lofty rock, to take a
ndary history of Attica from the time of Cecrops. It is not necessary for us, we presume, to set about proving that king Ro
the people who dwelt about (ἀμϕικτίονες) Thermopylæ, and were united for a common political and religious object, — could
eidôn ; and it may be observed, that his Trojan namesake was renowned for his stud1852. It may be that Pandiôn is indebted
ake was renowned for his stud1852. It may be that Pandiôn is indebted for his Attic royalty to his part in the mythe of the
s and Procris, though this last seems to be a genuine Attic mythe. As for Cecrops II. and Pandiôn II., they are manifestly
the Ionians. The mythe above noticed was evidently devised to account for the abode of the Ionians in Attica, where their s
the north coast of the Peloponnese1853. As Iôn is the son of Apollo ( for Xuthos is apparently nothing more than an epithet
one of the many tales of maidens betraying their parents and country for love or lucre. We shall find it repeated in Pteri
as heard of the Roman Tarpeia1858. Ægeus is plainly only another name for Poseidôn, who was also named Ægæos1859 and Ægæôn1
ys are sons of Hephæstos ; and though the veneration of the Athenians for their guardian-goddess, and that analogy which di
on of Eupalamos, son of Metiôn, son of Erechtheus : he was celebrated for his skill in architecture and statuary, of which
he inventor. His nephew, named Talôs or Perdix, showed a great genius for mechanics ; having, from the contemplation of a s
ry of the young man, cast him down from the Acropolis and killed him. For this murder he was banished by the court of Areio
he court of Areiopagos, and he betook himself to Minôs king of Crete, for whom he built the Labyrinth. He also devised an i
he built the Labyrinth. He also devised an ingenious species of dance for Ariadne the daughter of that monarch1862 ; but ha
e the daughter of that monarch1862 ; but having formed the wooden cow for Pasiphae, he incurred the displeasure of the king
tempt flight through the air. He made wings of feathers united by wax for himself and his son Icaros. They mounted into the
his hands. Icaros (from εἴκω, like εἰκὼν, ἴκελος) was a suitable name for his son, and the resemblance between it and the n
ituation rendered it in the earliest times a place of great commerce, for it was the thoroughfare between Hellas and the Pe
god of the sea. Poseidôn and Helios, said the legend, once contended for the possession of the land ; Briareôs was chosen
earch after her came to Corinth. Sisyphos, on his giving him a spring for the Acrocorinth, informed him who the ravisher wa
d even to put fetters on him ; and there was great joy among mortals, for no one died. Hades however set Death at liberty,
to roll a huge stone up a hill, a never ending still beginning toil, for as soon as it reached the summit it rolled back a
reat surprise of the thief, selected his own beasts out of the herd ; for he had marked the initial of his name under their
ltivated the acquaintance of one who had thus proved himself too able for him ; and Sisyphos, it is said, seduced or violat
‘man-like Amazons ;’ and as he was returning the king laid an ambush for him, composed of the bravest men of Lycia ; of wh
composed of the bravest men of Lycia ; of whom not one returned home, for Bellerophontes slew them all. The king now percei
the Acrocorinth. After many fruitless efforts to catch him he applied for advice to the soothsayer Polyeidos, and was direc
to accord with the Homeric tale, which was however known to Pindar ; for there is not the slightest allusion in it to Prœt
ἄντα)1886, and the common lovetale were introduced to assign a cause for the adventures. In this mythe too we find that my
more fully revealed than elsewhere. They are the parents of Pegasos ( for Athena and Medusa are the same), that is, probabl
find an attempt at connecting Greece and Egypt in the mythic period ; for , as we have shown above, the Egyptian origin of t
give them fire and social institutions1891. He also decided a dispute for the land between Hera and Poseidôn in favour of t
ng with verdure1894, to whom the people and country or town are given for offspring. We conceive it hardly possible for any
untry or town are given for offspring. We conceive it hardly possible for any one versed in mythology to see real persons h
ep, he deprived her of life : he also took vengeance on the murderers for the death of Apis. When Io had been changed into
, the daughter of Iasos1896, was priestess of Hera1897, and unhappily for her she was loved by Zeus. When he found his amou
calf-god to be the son of the cowgoddess, they formed from him a son for their Io, whose name was the occasion of a new le
aid, and rushed toward her filled with desire. She prayed to Poseidôn for aid ; the god appeared, and flung his trident at
em from the guilt of their deed. But Hypermnestra had spared Lynceus, for the delicate regard which he had shown to her mod
d the word δανὸς signifies dry. We have here then a simple derivation for the name Danaans, namely the people of the thirst
t is of the thirsty land1921. Further, a head (кρήνη) is a usual name for a spring in many languages, and a legendary mode
me for a spring in many languages, and a legendary mode of accounting for the origin of founts is to ascribe them to the we
mitted its waters1922. The number fifty is probably an arbitrary one, for we cannot discern in it a relation to the weeks o
— in their mother's womb. When they grew to be youths, they contended for the kingdom ; and on this occasion are said to ha
the Peloponnese, made him master of Tiryns, which the Cyclopes walled for him. Acrisios was now obliged to divide their pat
sung in the Eoiæ, where it was ascribed to the vengeance of Dionysos for their contempt of his rites, and he would appear
hat they were the priestesses of the goddess and were punished by her for taking the gold off her robe and converting it to
ith it the winged steed Pegasos and Chrysaôr the father of Geryoneus, for Medusa was at the time pregnant by Poseidôn. Pers
e daughter of Cepheus king of the country, fastened to a rock, a prey for a huge sea-monster1940. Cassiopeia, the wife of C
Accompanied by his mother and his wife Andromeda, Perseus now set out for Argos ; but Acrisios, fearing the fulfilment of t
adventure. This goddess was one of the most ancient deities of Argos, for she had a temple on the Larissa or citadel1951, w
ed land of Argos (Δανάη Ἀкρισιώνη), over which Pallas presides, longs for rain1959 ; Zeus descends in a golden fructifying
The opposite characters of the soil of Argos and Arcadia will account for the different forms of the mythic narratives. We
t the time when the mythe was extended, she may have been substituted for the original goddess1962. We cannot believe that
of the Eleians. Amphitryôn pursued them to Elis, and redeemed them ; for Electryôn, desirous to avenge the death of his so
s unlucky deed, drove Amphitryôn from Mycenæ and Tiryns ; and sending for his nephews Atreus and Thyestes, the sons of Pelo
by Cheirôn. His sons Podaleirios and Machaôn, who were also renowned for their skill in treating wounds, led to Troy the m
s struck him with thunder, and Apollo in revenge killed the Cyclopes, for which deed he was banished from Olympos. The trad
were many in Arcadia. In this case Lycaôn would be only another name for Zeus, to whom he raised an altar, and he could no
e temple clad in yellow, imitating bears. One of the reasons assigned for the origin of this custom was, that Braurôn, not
Arcas, was married to Clymene the daughter of Minyas. He was anxious for male offspring ; and on his wife's bringing forth
a and reared her. She followed the chase, and was alike distinguished for beauty and courage. The Centaurs Rhœcos and Hylæo
ed that they afterwards profaned the temenos of Zeus with their love, for which offence they were turned into lions1994. Ot
ippomenes, and say that on his neglecting to give thanks to Aphrodite for her aid, she inspired him with a sudden passion,
us the son of Athamas, and therefore a Bœotian. There is no necessity for supposing two of the same name, as has usually be
ove that Helena was held to be his daughter ; and we shall see reason for supposing that she was always viewed as the child
ment, struck Idas with a thunderbolt2008. Polydeukes was inconsolable for the loss of his brother ; and Zeus, on his prayer
honours of Ares and Athena, or of dividing them with his brother, and for them to live day and day about in heaven and unde
only another form of Selene ; the Adorner is a very appropriate term for the day, whose light adorns all nature ; and noth
y been devised as opponents to the Tyndarids, to give a mythic ground for the alternate life and death of these last, or po
ed her to the altar of Hera ; and Pelias, who never showed any regard for that goddess, slew her before it. The brothers af
s, previously declaring that he knew he should be caught and confined for a year but then get the cattle, set out for Phyla
ld be caught and confined for a year but then get the cattle, set out for Phylace. Everything fell out as he had said. The
father of Iphiclos had pursued him with a knife when he was a child, for having done something unseemly ; but not being ab
this knife was gotten, and Iphiclos, scraping off the rust, drank it for ten mornings, he would have a child. All was done
r Mythaôn (Speaker, μῦθοѕ) and Eidomene (Seer), are appropriate names for the parents of a soothsayer. Melampûs is (like Œd
m ‘rocky’ Pytho, he inquired after the child which Euadne had borne ; for Phœbos, he said, had told him that he would be a
er Selene used to repair to visit him. Some said he was made immortal for his righteousness ; others that, like Ixiôn, when
hed up to his chin. Like one athirst he seemed, but could not drink ; For when the old man stooped to drink intent The wate
he stole some of the divine food and gave it to his friends on earth. For this Zeus hung a stone over his head, which alway
in Lydia. Zeus, said another legend, cast this mountain atop of him ; for Pandareos having stolen the golden dog which had
ing sent to reclaim the dog, Tantalos denied all knowledge of it, and for his falsehood the mountain was thrown on him2055.
asily see, one of the many attempts at localising the ancient mythes, for Sipylos it is plain was designed to take the plac
mage of the evils of ambition and the inordinate pursuit of honours ; for when Tantalos, it was said, had attained his ulti
s said to have killed and dressed his son Pelops, and to have set him for food before them. Demeter had eaten one of the sh
, and horses of winged speed2062. Pelops then went to Pisa to contend for the fair prize. He bribed Myrtilos, the son of He
ver the marriagebed2064. Pelops is said2065 to have promised Myrtilos for his aid one half of the kingdom, or as other acco
s say, that Hippodameia being thirsty, Pelops went in search of water for her ; during his absence Myrtilos attempted to of
her complaint flung him into the sea2067. To the vengeance of Hermes for the death of his son were ascribed all the future
on of it by inquiring into the Lydian origin of Pelops, a thing taken for granted by all historians from Herodotus and Thuc
is certainly post-Homeric, still however is enveloped in obscurity ; for in those times lands were not called after gods a
yestes, it is said, afterwards seduced Aërope the wife of Atreus, who for this offence drove him from his kingdom ; and Thy
elops thus began to be accomplished2079. Another legend thus accounts for the enmity between the brothers. Hermes, in order
ived his name, Ægisthos. Atreus, hearing he was alive, had him sought for , and brought him up as his own son. Atreus afterw
rrible legend in the Grecian mythology. It is evidently post-Homeric, for exclusive of the fact that such atrocities are qu
n the Homeric account of Agamemnôn’s being the successor of Thyestes, for he calls him more than once the son of Atreus2086
n solution of Atreus having left his kingdom to his brother in charge for his son, who was not of age, is not, we believe,
ul virgin named Comætho. A youth named Melanippos, also distinguished for his beauty, conceived a violent passion for the f
ippos, also distinguished for his beauty, conceived a violent passion for the fair priestess, which was participated in by
of superior beauty to be offered annually as victims to the goddess. For many years this cruel rite remained in use, and t
to Thessaly, he sailed to Cirrha, and consulted the oracle at Delphi for relief of his disorder. He was directed to take u
racle. Callirrhoe could find no one possessed of sufficient affection for her to pay so high a penalty ; friends, kindred,
er violent hate was converted into ardent love ; and filled with pity for her lover, and shame at her own ungrateful insens
get Argyra. The waters of the Selemnos became in consequence a remedy for love, inducing oblivion on those who bathed in th
cycle which the isles present is that of Crete, an island remarkable for its estrangement from the rest of Greece during t
its estrangement from the rest of Greece during the historic period ; for though Cretan archers served all parties as merce
Rhadamanthus, et Sarpendo. These three brothers fell into discord for the sake of a beautiful youth named Miletos, the
etos, the son of Apollo, or of Zeus. The youth testifying most esteem for Sarpedôn, Minôs chased them out of Crete. Miletos
e his claim to it he asserted that he could obtain whatever he prayed for . Then sacrificing to Poseidôn, he besought him to
l, and Minôs received the kingdom. He ruled, according to Homer2098 , for nine years at Cnossos, and was the intimate frien
ate friend (ὀαριστὴς) of Zeus, who gave him wise laws and regulations for his people. Minôs was victorious in war, and exte
made the bull run wild, and inspired Pasiphae with a strange passion for him, but which she had no means of gratifying. Dæ
d Athenian artist, being at that time in Crete, having fled from home for homicide, undertook to accomplish the wishes of t
ody of a man. Minôs, in compliance with an oracle, made Dædalos build for him the Labyrinth, an edifice with numberless win
inding passages and turnings, from which egress was almost impossible for those who entered it. In this he placed the Minot
ther ; but Theseus, says Homer, did not reap the fruits of her love ; for when they arrived at the isle of Dia or Naxos, Ar
hena appeared as he slept, and desired him to leave her and make sail for Athens ; and that as Ariadne was weeping, Aphrodi
on named Œnopiôn. Phædra was married to Theseus. The tale of her love for her step-son Hippolytos has been already related.
dea. The same may have been the origin of the tale of Pasiphae's love for the bull, and of her offspring by him, the Moon-b
t, Æacos drove them both from the island2113. Æacos was distinguished for his piety and his favour with the gods. When Pose
ridæa the grand-daughter of Pelops he had already a son called Aias ; for Heracles having prayed for male issue for his fri
Pelops he had already a son called Aias ; for Heracles having prayed for male issue for his friend, an eagle (ἀετὸς) appea
already a son called Aias ; for Heracles having prayed for male issue for his friend, an eagle (ἀετὸς) appeared in answer t
origin2119. The following are astronomic mythes, which we place here for the sake of convenience. Ὠρίων. Orion. Th
lking on its surface2123. He married Side, whom Hera cast into Erebos for contending with her in beauty2124. It is also sai
here meeting the Sun-god, was restored to vision by his beam. Anxious for vengeance on Œnopiôn, he returned to Chios ; but
and that Artemis slew him with her arrows ; others again, that it was for presuming to challenge the goddess at the discus.
e sky2131. Though their number was seven, only six stars are visible, for Electra, it is said, left her place that she migh
t behold the ruin of Troy ; or Merope concealed her face out of shame for having alone espoused a mortal2132. According to
heir mother when they were met by Oriôn, and his chase of them lasted for five years2133. The Hyades are by some also calle
ntains, and such like. The sky too offers its similitudes ; there is, for example, the Crown, with its legend of Ariadne ;
in the Moon,’ which some said was Cain, others the man who was stoned for gathering sticks on the Sabbath. The resemblance
ds call the Pleiades the ‘Seven She-goats’2141 ; our own popular name for them is the ‘Hen and Chickens’ ; and the Germans
Hyades lies in their Latin name Suculæ, or ‘Little Pigs,’ given them for a similar reason2144. The Latin name of the Pleia
ally arise which would be localised and expanded in the usual manner. For as the stars rise out of the sea, as it were, not
rgonautic Expedition. Iasôn having undertaken to sail to Colchis for the Golden Fleece, applied to Argos the son of Ph
lied to Argos the son of Phrixos ; who, with the aid of Athena, built for him a fifty-oared galley, called from himself the
ships, and Cheirôn leaving his mountain-cave cheered them, and prayed for their happy return2154. At the close of day they
y they had reached the mouth of the bay of Pagasæ. Here they remained for two days, and then rowed along the coast of Magne
ime no men, and Hypsipyle the daughter of Thoas governed it as queen. For the Lemnian women having, it was said, offended A
about a twelvemonth before. The women seeing the Argonauts took them for their enemies the Thracians, and came down in arm
ailed to Mysia, where they left behind them Heracles and Polyphemos ; for Hylas, a youth beloved by the former, having gone
nd Polyphemos ; for Hylas, a youth beloved by the former, having gone for water, was laid hold on and kept by the nymphs of
rried off some of her stern-works. The Symplegades now became fixed ; for so it was in the fates, since a ship had passed t
m a piece of land, and sow the serpent’s teeth which Æetes possessed, for Athena had given him one half of those which Cadm
edeia, the daughter of the king, who had conceived a sudden affection for him, proffered her aid, if he would swear to marr
ot bring back his daughter to inflict on them the punishment designed for her. At length, by a route which we shall present
ve it to the Syrtes on the coast of Libya. After being detained there for some time they proceeded on their homeward voyage
little doubt that the direction of this mythic voyage was north-east, for Lemnos and Samothrace occur in all accounts of it
of it. Where it originally terminated cannot be said with certainty ; for its limit advanced with the progress of nautical
coast of Libya, and carrying the Argo on their shoulders across it, ( for twelve days, says Pindar) launched it on lake Tri
o be given up ; a geographer named Timagetas then fixed on the Ister, for he supposed this river to flow out of a great lak
thwards with great velocity. They entered this and were whirled along for nine days, on the tenth they were carried through
art by the Hyperboreans ‘the Cronian Main and Dead Sea.’ Having rowed for some time through its sluggish waters, they disem
eus having warned him of the danger of approaching it, Ancæos steered for the isle of Circe, which they reached on the thir
d to reign on alternate years. According to some, Polyneices governed for the first year, and then resigned his throne to h
all are agreed that when his year was expired he refused to make way for his brother. Polyneices taking with him the colla
wo daughters to a lion and a bear, and he now saw its accomplishment, for such were the ornaments on the shields of the str
yle, the sister of Adrastos and wife of Amphiaraos, to his interest ; for on his marriage Amphiaraos had agreed, that whene
ed every one who contended with him. They laid an ambush of fifty men for him on his return, all of whom except Mæôn, one o
set chiefs equal in number over the Thebans, and prepared vigorously for defence. He consulted Teiresias, who declared tha
stream at its mouth he fixed his dwelling2187. Callirrhoe now longed for the collar and robe of Harmonia, and refused to a
his secret, the sons of Phegeus by order of their father lay in wait for and slew him. Arsinoe on upbraiding them with the
ms to credibility as historic facts are perhaps equally well founded. For our own part, as we doubt of the proper historic
us object ; to show how in the order of nature punishment is provided for the most secret and even unconscious violation of
eopatra, and three sons Ilos, Assaracos, and Ganymedes. This last was for his beauty carried off to Olympos by the gods, to
et all Ilion in flames. On her telling this dream to Priamos, he sent for his son Æsacos, by a former wife Arisbe the daugh
eleus and Thetis, and flung down a golden apple, inscribed “The apple for the Fair” (Τῇ καλῇ τὸ μῆλoν)2205. Hera, Athena an
irs to Nestôr at Pylos, and going through Hellas they assemble chiefs for the war. Odysseus, loath to leave home, feigned m
nce Calchos the soothsayer announced that they would war against Troy for nine years, and take it on the tenth2210. They th
, and reached Teuthrania in Mysia on the coast of Asia, and taking it for Troy they landed and ravaged it. Telephos2212 the
os having by direction of an oracle come to Argos in search of a cure for his wound, he is healed by Achilleus, and underta
He then took some other towns, killed Troïlos, and captured and sold for a slave Lycaôn, another of the sons of Priamos. I
he is himself slain by Achilleus, but his mother obtains immortality for him from Zeus. Achilleus chases the Trojans to th
of him who had done most to save his corse, Aias and Odysseus contend for it2219. The judges, who were Trojan captives, hav
stivity2221. There was a debate what to do with the horse ; some were for throwing it from the rock, others for burning it,
o do with the horse ; some were for throwing it from the rock, others for burning it, others for consecrating it to Pallas-
ome were for throwing it from the rock, others for burning it, others for consecrating it to Pallas-Athene2222. This last o
assandra, and all his companions ; who, however, died not unrevenged, for Ægisthos alone was left alive2225. Ægisthos now o
imes a year, and milk, cheese, and flesh are in the utmost abundance, for king and shepherd alike. In these various countri
ive country on the very day that Orestes was giving the funeral feast for his mother and Ægisthos, whom he had slain2233. H
alpable exaggeration of national and local vanity. Who could believe, for example, that Athens, in a quarrel not her own, s
in a quarrel not her own, sent to the coast of Asia, there to remain for ten years, a force the one half of that which she
he one half of that which she opposed to the Barbarians when fighting for her existence2240 at Marathôn ? The question is,
tlements were probably long before the time of the Dorian Migration ; for we must not give implicit credit to what is calle
the magnitude and importance which it displays in the Ilias. A cause for this war was to be assigned, and the manners of t
above all to that beautiful poetic creation, the Phæacians. The union for a common object ascribed to the Greeks in this my
f the Heracleids, though greatly mingled with fable, is a real event. For some centuries the history of Greece is semi-myth
of the Blest, by Ocean’s deep- Eddying stream, the heroes fortunate, For whom the bounteous earth thrice every year Yielde
ose of Greece, but totally repugnant to the religious ideas of Italy. For our knowledge of the objects of Italian worship w
252 because they are born and die together. The general Etruscan term for a god was Æsar2253. The supreme god of the Tuscan
ruria as their instructress. The patrician children were sent thither for education ; all the royal and consular ornaments
he great similarity of the Latin and Greek languages can be accounted for  ; and it will also in a great measure, taken howe
ana and Cloacina. The Marsian portion of this race were as remarkable for their skill in detecting the will of the gods in
ll of the gods in the flight and voice of the birds, as the Etruscans for discerning it in the electric phænomena of the sk
his principle probably ran through the whole of the ancient language, for we find animus and anima used of the vital powers
her peculiar feature of the old Italian religion, and which testifies for its purity, warmth and simplicity, is that of cal
such being the usage among the Romans. Cicero, when laying down laws for his ideal republic, says2264, “Patrum delubra ess
and that by patres he means the gods, is evident from what follows ; for he proceeds, “I do not follow the Persian Magi, a
ed by man must in solemn rites and prayers be called Father, not only for the sake of honour but from reason, both because
ruggled, but in vain, to get free ; and the pious prince, apologising for what necessity had obliged him to do, entreated t
of the king : Numa came forth, and seated on his maple throne looked for the rising of the sun. The orb of day was just wh
ames. Jupiter was called Lucetius2278 as the author of light (lucis), for a similar reason he was named Diespiter, i. e. Di
dess, and we find it used in the plural — Junones2280 ; female slaves for example swearing by the Junones of their mistress
apture of that city, says the legend, when the Roman youths appointed for the purpose approached the statue, it gave an aud
f her temple, which stood on the Esquiline, a piece of money was paid for the registry of every birth2290. Juno Caprotina w
those of Jupiter and Juno, to the right of that of the former deity, for in the Roman religion she seems to have ranked be
from that country. No derivation of her name can therefore be given, for it does not seem to be a translation. Vesta.
eems to have been a deity presiding over birth and growth in general, for as Venus Hortensis she was the goddess of gardens
the identification of the Roman deity with those of other religions, for that Venus was the Phœnician Astarte. The second
the 21st of August ; and here we find Jupiter and Venus again united, for on this day the Flamen Dialis, having first sacri
menced gathering the grapes ; and the gardeners kept it as a holiday, for we are told that “a temple was dedicated to Venus
istory of Greece, p. 9. 4. The belief in fairies and similar beings, for example, among the common people in various count
n his work in these words : «I write as it appears to me to be true ; for the narratives of the Hellenes are very various a
ry on it in so limited a compass, and therefore reserve our materials for the composition of a volume on some future occasi
o Homer, who always speaks of Zeus as the eldest son of Kronos. 144. For the explanation of the Theogony see Hermann, De A
ent one previously (De Myth. Ant. Opusc. ii. 176.), which he rejected for the present more probable one. Welcker (Tril. 147
bout binding Zeus ; that is, mankind would wish to keep summer always for their agriculture (Hera, the earth), their naviga
24. Compare Propert. ii. 15. 32. 217. Hygin. 183. Sch. Eur. Phœn. 1. For Bronte and Sterope, Ovid (Met. ii. 153.) gives Py
ius Placidus, in his Arguments of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, quotes Hesiod for this story. 237. Hymn to Demeter, 62. 238. Il.
found in this poet, but we may be certain that he had Greek authority for it. In another place (Fasti, iv. 943.) he calls h
268. Idyl. xiii. 11. See also Quint. Smyrn. i. 49. 269. Troad. 843. For χρύσϵος Barnes reads κρόκϵος, which reading is fo
this strange genealogy anywhere else. We should perhaps read Eurynome for Euonyme, and then Kronos might take the place of
. Od. viii. 266. seq. 357. We shall give in the sequel some reasons for regarding Il. ix. 559-64. as an interpolation. 3
he horses of the gods were shod by Hephæstos, is certainly erroneous, for the Greeks did not shoe their horses. 362. Il. x
ved from ἀΐσσω to excite ; but as it greatly resembles the Greek word for goat (αἲξ, αἰγὸς), the legend of its being covere
Europe, the latter those from Asia. If any case proves too difficult for them, it is reserved for the decision of Minôs.
from Asia. If any case proves too difficult for them, it is reserved for the decision of Minôs. 477. Fluvius, amnis, flu
the former iu particular belonged to Demeter and her daughter. 545. For further information on the subject of Hera the re
34. 559. II. v. 359. seq. ; xxi. 416. seq. 560. II. ii. 512. 561. For all these sons of Ares see Apollodorus, passim.
. x. 106. seq. Serv. Æn. iii. 64. We have not met any Greek authority for this legend, and the same story is told of the It
. 634. See Müller, Dorians, i. 373. This critic gives strong reasons for supposing the Hyacinthia to have been originally
763. 643. The Venetian MS. (which is followed by Wolf) reads Πηϵρίע for Πιϵρίע. See Heyne in loco. According to the hymn
ave been the work of both the gods. 646. Apollod. i. 4. l. Some MSS. for ϴύµβρϵως read ῞ϒβρϵως ; others for Πανὸς read πατ
646. Apollod. i. 4. l. Some MSS. for ϴύµβρϵως read ῞ϒβρϵως ; others for Πανὸς read πατρὸς. See Heyne in loc. This critic
60. See above, p. 34. 661. There seems however to be some foundation for it. A naturalist of the present day says, «This s
present day says, «This species of swan deserves the title Musicus ; for when in small troops they fly aloft in the air th
yrna. 746. Ares, out of jealousy, took it is said the form of a boar for the purpose of killing him. Sch. Theocr. iii. 47.
rs of the goddess : Αἷμα ῥόδον τίκτει, τὰ δέ δάκρυα τὺν ἀνεμώναν. For a less elegant Mohammedan legend of the origin of
σιν εἰαρινοîς θάλλει ἀεξομένη. — Theognis, 1275. See Plut. ut supra, for another explication of this fiction. 773. Theoc
χε δύναμιν ὤστε μεταβάλλειν εἰς ὁποîαν ἄν ἐβούλετο. Πλανήσας οὖν αὐν. For πικρὰν, which gives little or no sense, Lobeck (A
825. Heraclid. Alleg. Hom. p. 444. Völcker, Myth. der Jap. 191. 826. For Athena Hippia and Gorgo, see below, Part II. Bell
ly a corruption of Persephone. 914. Κόρη, the maiden, an Attic name for Persephone. 915. Aglaoph. 65. 273, 274. 916. I
he is followed by Statius (Silv. ii. 4. 19.). The tale seems indebted for its origin to the Muses’ name, Pierides, from Pie
os- or Seeva-worship when it reached Greece. See Lobeck’s Aglaophamus for all that the most extensive learning, joined with
reader will find several of these legends in the Fairy Mythology. See for example, vol. i. 234-244. 955. Such sights as y
Virg. Æn. iv. 173. seq. Stat. Th. iii. 426. Val. Flac. ii. 116. seq. For the House of Fame see Ovid, Met. xii. 39. seq. an
ia. We ask the advocates of the Indian origin of the Bacchic religion for their proofs, and get nothing in reply but confid
ne of his usual slips of memory (Tales and Popular Fictions, p. 22.), for Amalthea was not hid in the isle. 1115. Stephan
χορος : 4. ἀγλαέϴϵιρος : 5. ἀντροδίαιτος : 6. ἁλίπλαγκτος. 1187. Ͳᾱν for τάων, from τάω, whence imper. τῆ : so Πὰν, Παιὰν,
os would then be the rains. 1202. In Latin silanus is a tube or pipe for conveying water. Festus v. Tullii. Thus “Corpora
. 354. We need hardly observe that the legend was invented to account for the origin of the cockchafer. 1245. Akin to the
h probability in Völcker's (Myth. Geog. 227. seq.) reading of Κυρήνης for Κιοθήνης in Æschylus’ Prometheus, 799 ; for this
seq.) reading of Κυρήνης for Κιοθήνης in Æschylus’ Prometheus, 799 ; for this poet, as we have just seen, places the Gorgo
rve that the cosmology in it is at variance with that of the Odyssey, for Helios menaces a descent to Erebos : Δύσμαι ϵἰς
Sappho as an authority, Welcker (Tril. 71. note) seems to have reason for thinking that this legend should be assigned to t
a close-fitting lid. It was usually earthen, and was mostly employed for holding wine. 1485. Μόυνη δ’ αὐτόθι Ἐλπὶs ἐν
ret. Kol. 34. note) approves of this etymon. 1601. The Dioscuri were for an opposite reason called Ααπέρσα (Frag. Soph. ap
the personification of the Olympic games. 1609. Il. xiv. 115. seq. ; for the above genealogy see Apollod. i. 7. 5. seq. Pa
1617. Il. ix. 527. We know not what may be the feeling of others, but for our part we remember when this tale of old Phœnix
αν ἑταῖραι. 1677. “Νιόβη, i. e. Νϵόβη (νίοψ, νέοѕ, like θιὸѕ, σιὸѕ for θϵόѕ) a Νέαιρα or Καινώ.” Welcker, Kret. Kol. 7.
s, who fell in battle against the Minyans. When the year (of mourning for Iocasta ?) was ended, he adds, Œdipûs married Eur
ablished usage we place this hero here, though there is little reason for regarding him as an original Theban hero. See App
untry. 1762. Pherecydes ap. Sch. Ap. Rh. iv. 1396. Heyne and Müller, for Πέργη read περαία. It would almost seem as if the
aided by these deities. 1766. This is founded on Od. xi. 633. 1767. For an effect of this on the bodily conformation of t
eon. ad Arat. 64.). 1780. See Fairy Mythology, vol. i. p. 206. note, for a somewhat similar proof of the strength of Holge
ot seem to have known anything of the Hyperboreans, the task of going for the apples of the Hesperides is probably a fictio
of the heroes were sent to Aïs, themselves (αὐτοὺѕ) were made a prey for dogs and birds ; while, in this place of the Odys
Zeus-Amphitryôn (Wearer-out or Vanquisher). 1791. Apollod. iii. 14. For other marks of the vengeance of this god, see Sch
s, mortals, from μόροs death ; οψ is a mere adjectival ending. 1878. For all the subjects here touched on see Welcker in S
2. seq. 2055. Sch. Pind. Ol. i. 97. Anton. Lib. 36. 2056. ϴάλθαλς, for euphony made Ͳάνταλος : θ and τ, λ and ν are freq
9. 2089. Paus. vii. 21. The legend was evidently invented to account for the name of the spring. As the reader may perceiv
from the carrying-off (ἀρπάγη) of Europa. See Welcker, Kret. Kol. 9. for examples of this process. Homer does not name him
that the isle was thus replenished after a pestilence. It is indebted for its origin to the resemblance in sound between μύ
. Apollod. ut sup. 2117. Pind. Isth. vi. 60. seq. Apollod. iii. 12. For everything relating to Ægina, see Müller's Æginet
om KOPEΩ, κορέννυμι, to satiate. 2150. Phæo and Phæsula, from фúω ; for Cleeia see Appendix (G.), for Polyxo, above, p. 3
e. 2150. Phæo and Phæsula, from фúω ; for Cleeia see Appendix (G.), for Polyxo, above, p. 338. 2151. Od. xii. 62. seq.
,’ Heracles is said to have been left behind at Aphetæ, where he went for water (Sch. Apoll. Rh. i. 1290.). It was an ancie
h by Theocritus, Idyll. xxii. 2157. Others said he was thus punished for having revealed the will of Zeus to men (Apoll. R
for having revealed the will of Zeus to men (Apoll. Rh. ii. 180.), or for having shown Phrixos the way to Scythia (Hesiod a
e Medeia of Euripides. 2175. See Od. xi. 326 ; xv. 244. seq. 2176. For the two last some gave Mecisteus and Eteocles son
σὺν ὅπλοιѕ 2189. Ismene, the other sister, was probably invented for the sake of uniformity. 2190. See above, p. 177
p. Sch. Eur. Orest. 1370.) said that Zeus gave Laomedôn a golden vine for Ganymedes. Ἄμπϵλον ἥν Κρονίδηs ἔπορϵν οὗ παιδὸs
ording to Tzetzes (Antehom. 168.) the Greeks were ten years preparing for the war. 2210. See Il. ii. 305. seq. 2211. Acc
eks stop at Delos, where Anios the son of Apollo urged them to remain for the nine years, assuring them that his three daug
erod. iv. 103.). The story of Iphigeneia was then invented to account for the similarity. There may however have been an an
have said, “The circumstance of a son thus slain by his father, etc.” for the subject of the Euryalos of Sophocles was the
uch. It is possible that the Isles of the Blest, exclusively reserved for the Heroes, were a fiction similar to the Isle of
. 48. Hor. Carm. i. 34. 5. ; iii. 2. 29. Diespiter is not Pater diei, for that is contrary to analogy. See Varro, L. L. iv.
Dion. Hal. ut sup. 2291. Varro, L. L. v. p. 56. Macrob. Sat. i. 11. For the legend see our History of Rome, 121. 2292. C
8 (1883) A Hand-Book of Mythology for the Use of Schools and Academies
he ceremonies and maxims of Paganism, it inspires us with new respect for the majesty of the Christian religion. The early
egends their opinions on the origin and destiny of man, their motives for the performance of what they considered duty, and
he performance of what they considered duty, and their ground of hope for the hereafter. It has been fully proved that myth
me way, the sun was the child of darkness, and in the morning he wove for his bride in the heavens a fairy net-work of clou
that the bright sun had slain his enemy, and brought a stream of life for the thirsting earth. “Now, so long as men remaine
es and impious maxims of Paganism, it may inspire us with new respect for the majesty of the Christian religion, and for th
re us with new respect for the majesty of the Christian religion, and for the sanctity of its morals. “It also enables us t
being either Mt. Olympus, the abode of the gods, or Delphi, so famous for its oracle. The circular disk of the earth was cr
gnity. They also regarded them as being of much larger size than men, for in those times great size was esteemed a perfecti
h family observed, at fixed times, memorial rites in their honor, and for these and other religious observances the family
nt of all the Titans, however, are Chronos and Rhea, who pave the way for the universal dominion of their son Zeus. Uran
ll show what a truly poetical, and also what a logical idea this was; for , taken in a figurative sense, this union actually
, and holds an inverted torch; while Sleep is robed in white, and has for his symbol the poppy. 4. Sitting beneath a tree,
finished his daily course, a winged boat, or cup, which had been made for him by Hephæstus* (Vulcan), conveyed him, with hi
itious youth instantly demanded permission to guide the solar chariot for one day, to prove himself thereby the undoubted p
ame united to Tithonus*, son of Laomedon*, king of Troy. Eos obtained for him from Zeus* the gift of immortality, forgettin
, and was slain by Achilles*. Since then Eos has wept without ceasing for her darling son, and her tears fall to the earth
ria, and her sway extended over earth, heaven, and the lower regions, for which reason she was invoked as the “triple godde
and his brother Titans took possession of Mount Othrys*, and prepared for battle. The struggle was fierce and lasted ten ye
and drums they rushed through the woods with frantic cries, searching for Atys. When he — an image of him — was found, the
o attain. Soon after this, feeling violent pains in his head, he sent for Hephæstus* (Vulcan), and ordered him to open it w
who was treated with great cruelty by Dirce*, the wife of Lycus, fled for protection to her sons when they were grown up. T
de.” Cox . Zeus and Ægina* were the parents of Æacus*, so renowned for his justice that he was made one of the judges in
ypt, and built Memphis. “This myth has received many embellishments, for the wanderings of lo became more extensive with t
doubted the divinity of Zeus. He invited him to dinner, and served up for him a dish of human flesh, in order to test the g
which was condemned to carry its house upon its back; as a punishment for raillery, perpetual silence was enjoined upon her
, and hanging anvils to her feet. Hephæstus attempted to release her, for which Zeus threw him out of heaven, and his leg w
o the midst of the guests a golden apple, with the inscription on it “ For the Fairest.” The claims of all others were oblig
trumpeter; Rhoda married the Sun-god. The island of Rhodes was named for her. The Cyclops Polyphemus* was son of Poseidon
nd bloodshed. Athené called the city Athens. Poseidon tamed the horse for the use of mankind. In Arcadia he was worshiped u
Arcadia he was worshiped under the name of Hippios*. As a punishment for joining with Hera and Athené in a conspiracy to d
piracy to dethrone Zeus, he was deprived of his dominion over the sea for one year. It was during this time that, in conjun
r. It was during this time that, in conjunction with Apollo, he built for Laomedon* the walls of Troy. Because Laomedon ref
uilt for Laomedon* the walls of Troy. Because Laomedon refused to pay for the work, Poseidon favored the Greeks in the Troj
ess. It was said that at the close of the Titan war the Cyclopes made for Pluto a helmet which rendered the wearer invisibl
trably dark cavity called Orcus, which formed a place of eternal rest for the dead. But with the introduction of Greek myth
ntrance of Hades. Field of Asphodel* was a place where spirits waited for those whose fate had not been decided. In the dom
small coin (obolus), usually placed under the tongue of a dead person for that purpose. All the shades were obliged to appe
souls, it was supposed that, after the shades had inhabited Elysium* for a thousand years, they were destined to animate o
ents of great criminals in the infernal regions were a fruitful theme for the imagination of the poets. The most celebrated
Erinnys* (Furies) the precise torture which the wicked should undergo for their crimes. They had sanctuaries in many parts
ere under the dominion of the law of retaliation, — the dreadful “eye for eye and tooth for tooth,” — they were able to der
nion of the law of retaliation, — the dreadful “eye for eye and tooth for tooth,” — they were able to derive pleasure from
ter having slain his mother, Clytemnestra*, and Ægisthus*, in revenge for the murder of his father, Agamemnon*, wandered fo
sthus*, in revenge for the murder of his father, Agamemnon*, wandered for a long time about the earth in a condition border
opagus, which had been founded by Athene. Orestes was here acquitted, for Athene, when the votes for and against him were e
ded by Athene. Orestes was here acquitted, for Athene, when the votes for and against him were equal, declared that then, a
as earnest maidens, dressed, like Artemis*, in short tunics suitable for the chase, but still retaining in their hands the
wers and making garlands. Persephone happened to leave her companions for a moment to pluck a narcissus, when suddenly the
ng many days and nights wandered over all the earth, not even resting for food or sleep. At length, Helios, who sees everyt
e immortality of the soul. The grain, which, as it were, remains dead for a time in the dark earth, only to rise one day dr
er now revealed herself to Celeus and commanded him to build a temple for her in Eleusis. When it had been hastily complete
curred her displeasure. Stellio was a youth who ridiculed the goddess for the eagerness with which she was eating a bowl of
as eating a bowl of porridge, when weary and faint in the vain search for her daughter. She angrily threw into his face the
that one morning, when Numa* was imploring the protection of Jupiter for the newly-founded city of Rome, the god of heaven
n, Numa caused eleven more to be made exactly like it, and instituted for their protection the Salii, who were selected fro
f war were always solemnly invoked before the departure of Roman army for the field of battle. Any reverses of fortune were
al object of this grand array was a ship moved automatically. It bore for a sail the sacred peplos, upon which young daught
r higher significance than it does in modern life. It served not only for the preparation of meals, but was also esteemed t
rs and privileges were accorded to them. The best seats were reserved for their use at all public spectacles. If they met a
er, Hestia was always represented as fully clothed, which may account for the fact that the ancients had so few statues of
m heaven into the sea. The Oceanides Eurynome* and Thetis* tended him for nine years in a deep grotto of the sea, in return
tis* tended him for nine years in a deep grotto of the sea, in return for which he made them many ornaments. Another story
of heaven seized him by the foot and hurled him from Olympus. He fell for a whole day, and alighted at sundown on the isle
eg was broken by the fall, and he remained lame in one foot. Grateful for the kindness of the Lemnians, he henceforth abode
had mastered the mighty element and compelled it to do grand service for man. Volcanoes were believed to be his workshops
r undignified position, he became reconciled to his parents. He built for himself on Olympus a palace of gold. With the ass
mpus a palace of gold. With the assistance of the Cyclopes, he forged for Zeus his thunderbolts. He constructed the palaces
d, made the golden shoes with which they trod the air or water, built for them their wonderful chariots, and shod with bras
rigin. He also made the tripods which moved automatically, and formed for Zeus the far-famed Ægis*. He also made various wo
d for Zeus the far-famed Ægis*. He also made various wonderful things for his favorites, or those of Zeus among men. Among
ooted, fire-breathing bull which guarded the Golden Fleece. He formed for Minos*. King of Crete, a brazen man named Talos*,
kindled, and animals thrown into the flames as a sacrifice to Vulcan for security against conflagrations. Representation
d the cestus, which was endowed with the power of inspiring affection for the wearer. Her usual attendants were the Horæ* a
in the year 1820, on the Island of Milo, hence its name. It is noted for the dignified expression of the head. The Venus d
most perfect forms the city (Athens) could supply were furnished him for models. It is to this Thomson alludes in his “Sum
ine, with libations of wine, milk, and honey. “The story of her love for the beautiful Adonis* is of Asiatic origin. The g
was regarded by the earlier Italian tribes as the goddess of spring, for which reason April, the month of buds, was held s
the Muses, received from the Graces additional refinement and beauty, for which reason they are always regarded as the frie
itation of the Greek Eros. The rose was held specially sacred to him, for which reason he often appears crowned with roses.
ction of Cupid and Psyche* (the soul) is an allegory perhaps intended for a representation of the mystic union between the
cations which the latter must undergo in order to be perfectly fitted for an enduring union with the divinity. Psyche was t
. She was so beautiful that people neglected the worship of Aphrodite for that of Psyche, and in revenge the goddess sent h
the goddess sent her son, Eros, to fill the heart of Psyche with love for some inferior being. When Eros saw the lovely mai
. When Eros saw the lovely maiden, his own heart was filled with love for her. In obedience to the oracle of Delphi, she wa
her. In obedience to the oracle of Delphi, she was dressed as though for the grave, and conducted to the edge of a yawning
ut warned her, as she valued his love, not to endeavor to behold him. For some time Psyche was obedient, but in the midst o
ime Psyche was obedient, but in the midst of her happiness she longed for the society of her sisters. In accordance with he
d Psyche that her husband was a monster, and gave her a dagger to use for the purpose of delivering herself from his power.
d fled from her. Then the penitent Psyche sought long and sorrowfully for him. After many disappointments they were reunite
e belief that he was the god that accepted repentance as an atonement for sin, who pardoned the contrite sinner, and who ac
river-god Peneus. Daphne fled from Apollo, and calling to her father for aid, she was transformed into a laurel-bush. Apol
ld sacred to him. “The story of Daphne indicates the love of the Sun for the Dawn, who flees at his approach, and at lengt
er. Apollo carried off Cyrene* to that part of Libya afterwards named for her. Their son was Aristæus, who discovered the c
eath-bringing darts. He repented when too late. He punished the raven for its garrulity by changing its color from white to
ollo was so exasperated that he killed the Cyclops who had forged it. For this offence he was banished from Olympus. Coming
t. For this offence he was banished from Olympus. Coming to earth, he for nine years served Admetus* as a shepherd, and was
lias*. The exiled god obtained from the Fates the gift of immortality for Admetus, on condition that when his last hour app
unded, and killed the youth. Apollo changed him into a flower, called for him the Hyacinth. Cyparissus* killed by accident
transformed by the god into a cypress-tree. Apollo and Poseidon built for Laomedon*, king of Troy, the walls of the city. I
ed of their own accord, adjusting themselves into the places assigned for them. Marsyas* was a satyr*, who, having found th
by his name. King Midas* had the bad taste to declare his preference for the music of Pan, in a contest which that god had
a standing figure, in marble, more than seven feet high, nude, except for the cloak which is fastened around the neck and h
ffer his daughter Iphigenia*, previous to the departure of the Greeks for Troy. The Scythians in Tauris likewise had a godd
ance, he was so entranced that he gladly offered his oxen in exchange for this new instrument, and promised to give Hermes
rder to join the worshipers of the wine-god. Pentheus resolved to see for himself the excesses of which he had heard such t
the city of Athens, dramatic entertainments took place in his honor, for which all the renowned Greek dramatists of antiqu
the story of the punishment of the Tyrrhenian* pirates. Mistaking him for the son of a king, they carried him off and place
d on the 17th of March. The chief object of this festival was to pray for the fertility of the vines. The voluptuous Baccha
ddesses. Thamyris* was struck blind and deprived of the power of song for the same offence. Calliope* was the Muse of epic
ivers, etc. Like all the nymphs, they possessed the gift of prophecy, for which reason many of the springs and fountains ov
ng unattainable, he, too, pined away from grief; and the flower named for him has ever since continued an emblem of heartle
* Tullius erected a temple to her, and made the 24th of June the time for her festival. The Romans honored a deity called F
elieved to begin the new year, whose first month, January, was called for him and dedicated to him. New-Year’s day was the
urel boughs. Relatives and friends exchanged presents and good wishes for the coming year. The god himself received offerin
on earth. In this character he was the protecting deity of the home, for which reason little shrines were erected to him o
offerings were cake and milk. During this festival, it was customary for shepherds to ignite a mass of straw, through whic
into a pine-tree. Professor Müller explains that Boreas is the Greek for north wind, Pitys for pine-tree, and Pan, a deity
fessor Müller explains that Boreas is the Greek for north wind, Pitys for pine-tree, and Pan, a deity representing the wind
river Ladon, when, feeling escape impossible, she called on the gods for assistance. They transformed her into a reed just
s. They took him to Midas*, the king, who entertained him sumptuously for ten days, and then restored him to Dionysus. Plea
ance of the divinity invoked, the more elevated was the site selected for his or her worship. The inconvenience attending t
gods, but were at the same time monuments in honor of the dead. Thus, for instance, the temple of Pallas Athene, in the tow
t acceptable to the particular divinities to whom it was consecrated; for just as trees, birds, and animals of every descri
of very remote antiquity is proved by the biblical injunction, having for its object the separation of the Jews from all id
service of the gods of the lower world, ditches or trenches being dug for the reception of the blood of the sacrifices ofi’
e of various kinds. Free-will offerings were grateful acknowledgments for benefits received, and usually consisted of the f
of the lower world were black. When a man offered a special sacrifice for himself or his family, it partook of the nature o
ic sacrifices, the supposed individuality of the deity was consulted. For instance, to Demeter a sow was offered, because t
g destructive to vineyards. It was regarded as a contempt of the gods for a rich man to bring a mean offering, but from a p
ts conferred by them on mankind. In conclusion, the gods were invoked for a continuance of their favor. When the service wa
ictions were interpreted to the people by priests specially appointed for that purpose. One month in the year was set apart
select one portion which in all future sacrifices should be set apart for them. In order to secure for man the portion suit
ll future sacrifices should be set apart for them. In order to secure for man the portion suitable to be eaten, Prometheus
t horse. The most renowned of the Centaurs was Chiron*. He was famous for his wisdom and his knowledge of medicine, and for
ron*. He was famous for his wisdom and his knowledge of medicine, and for being the preceptor of Jason*, Asclepius* (Æscula
arrow. He suffered extreme pain, and in answer to his prayer to Zeus for relief he was placed among the stars as the const
. Lapithæ, he considers, meant stone-persuaders, a poetic appellation for the builders of towns. The Theban* Legends.
ied Europa, daughter of Agenor*, king of Tyre, away to Crete. Grieved for the loss of his only daughter, Agenor ordered his
ia, Cilix in Cilicia. Thasos founded in Thrace a town, which he named for himself. Telephassa died, and Cadmus went to Delp
to consult the oracle about Europa. The answer was to cease searching for her, to follow a cow as his guide, and to build a
ood, she looked towards heaven and, gently lowing, lay down. Grateful for this mark of divine favor, Cadmus decided to sacr
e city of Thebes. Their posterity were called the Sparti* (the sown). For killing the sacred dragon, Cadmus was compelled t
his mother and other votaries of the god. Ino was persecuted by Hera for having taken care of Dionysus in his infancy. She
, and a herald, driving in a chariot, and when he refused to make way for them, the herald killed one of his horses, which
nd in the evening, when old age has stolen upon him, he needs a staff for a support, and goes, as it were, upon three feet.
from the rock and perished. Œdipus received the promised reward, and for many years enjoyed great happiness and tranquilli
Laius, whose murderer was living unpunished at Thebes. The king sent for the blind prophet Tiresias*, and implored him to
There must have existed in ancient languages a large number of names for the sun, the sky, the dawn, and the earth. The su
nsulted the oracle of Apollo, to know how he should punish his mother for her cupidity to his father and himself, and he wa
mother and child in a chest, which he cast into the sea. It was cared for by Zeus, who caused it to float to the island of
uriously assailed the bridegroom, who would have been overpowered but for the head of Medusa. Warning his friends of the da
crisius, fearing the fulfilment of the prediction of the oracle, fled for protection to the king of Larissa. Some time afte
ty. Nevertheless, he concluded that Prœtus must have had good reasons for his conduct, and that probably Bellerophon had be
s issued from its mouth. Bellerophon applied to the prophet Polyides* for advice, and was directed by him to go sleep in th
death of Bellerophon was placing in ambush the bravest of the Lycians for the purpose of destroying him, but he bravely def
Bellerophon fell a prey to the deepest melancholy, and wandered about for the remainder of his life in the loneliest and mo
ome within the walls of the city, but commanded him to receive orders for the future through the herald, Copreus*. 2. The
was to bring alive and unhurt to Eurystheus the stag of Diana, famous for its swiftness, its golden horns, and brazen hoofs
s swiftness, its golden horns, and brazen hoofs. Heracles pursued her for a whole year, and finally overtook her on the ban
Artemis (Diana) and her brother, Apollo. The goddess reprimanded him for molesting an animal sacred to her. By representin
he Centaur Pholus*. After an abundant repast, Heracles asked his host for some wine. Pholus explained that the wine was the
ommon property of all the Centaurs, and that it was against the rules for a cask to be opened unless all were present to pa
eus, he refused to give him the stipulated reward — a breach of faith for which Heracles afterwards took terrible vengeance
capture the Cretan bull. Poseidon once sent up a bull out of the sea for Minos*, king of Crete, to sacrifice, but Minos wa
king had refused Poseidon and Apollo the rewards he had promised them for their assistance in building the walls of Troy. I
ve him the horses which Tros had received from Zeus as a compensation for the loss of Ganymedes. Laomedon agreed, and Herac
nd six feet. He possessed a herd of splendid cattle which were famous for their size, beauty, and color. They were guarded
n reaching the desired spot. He applied to the nymphs of the river Po for advice, and was told that Xereus, if properly man
eyed into Ethiopia, where he slew Emathion*, son of Eos and Tithonus, for his cruelty to strangers. He then wandered throug
in unceasing agony. Heracles shot the eagle, and Prometheus, grateful for his deliverance, instructed him how to find his w
Heracles, by the advice of Prometheus, offered to support the heavens for Atlas if he would bring the apples. Atlas did as
rently agreeing, asked Atlas to hold the heavens whilst he made a pad for his head. When Atlas resumed his former position,
n enchanted rock, where they had been placed by Aides as a punishment for attempting to carry off Persephone. Heracles succ
acles had been suddenly seized with insanity. Heracles sought in vain for some one to purify him from the murder of Iphitus
stess now commanded Heracles to allow himself to be sold into slavery for three years, the money to be given to Eurytus in
ery for three years, the money to be given to Eurytus in compensation for the loss of his son. Accordingly, Hermes led him
its owner desired. After his marriage with Deianeira, Heracles lived for three years at the court of his father-in-law. In
ing to offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to Zeus, he sent to his wife for a sacrificial robe. Hearing of the beauty of Iole
octetes*, happened to pass by and rendered him the service, in return for which Heracles presented him with his bow and arr
It sprung from the old phrases which had spoken of the sun as toiling for so poor and weak a creature as man. Every feature
ediately quelled by Theseus. Theseus resolved to perform some service for the state which should gain for him the hearts of
seus resolved to perform some service for the state which should gain for him the hearts of the people. The Marathonian* bu
ll, whose lair was in the wonderful labyrinth constructed by Dædalus* for Minos*, king of Crete. Androgeus*, son of Minos,
ed all his competitors. Ægeus, jealous of his success, laid an ambush for him, and he was thus treacherously murdered. To a
s country from this shameful tribute. Accordingly, when the time came for sending the youths and maidens, who were drawn by
der black sails, as usual. Theseus promised his father to change them for white in case of his returning victorious. When t
th, and accompanied by Ariadne, he with his rescued companions sailed for Athens. On the way they stopped at the island of
hed, he threw himself into the sea and was drowned. The sea was named for him Ægean. Theseus succeeded his father as king o
ff to Athens and made her his queen. Their son was Hippolytus*, famed for his unhappy fate. The friendship between Theseus
eet-footed huntress Atalanta*. After Œneus had entertained his guests for nine days, the hunt began, and the huge beast was
ted away, and when it was consumed he expired. Althea, full of sorrow for her hasty deed, put an end to her own life. At
keep at a moderate height. Icarus fell into the sea, which was named for him Icarium* Mare, but Dædalus reached Cumæ in sa
ing to be pleased with his nephew, Pelias entertained him sumptuously for five days. On the sixth, Jason demanded from him
e way, Helle fell into the sea and was drowned; so the sea was called for her Hellespont (Helle’s Sea). Phryxus arrived saf
, Pœas, Meleager, Orpheus; Æsculapius was surgeon, and Tiphys, pilot. For a time all things were favorable, when suddenly a
e. Here Hylas was lost, and while Heracles and Telamon were searching for him, the Argo departed, leaving them behind. The
aptors released them and they rejoined their companions. In gratitude for his deliverance, Phineus instructed the Argonauts
eved the perilous passage in safety. The rocks then became immovable, for it had been decreed they should if any vessel pas
he Golden Fleece if Jason would perform the tasks which he should set for him. The first was to harness to a plough two bra
ed the property of rendering any person anointed with it invulnerable for one day. She instructed him to also anoint his sp
riors that would spring up from the dragon’s teeth, and also a potion for lulling to sleep the dragon that guarded the Gold
a are absolved from the murder of Absyrtus.” They accordingly steered for the island of Ææa*, where dwelt Circe, a famous e
o Medea. By her they were purified, but she severely reprimanded them for the horrible murder of which they had been guilty
d to youth. Medea and Jason fled to Corinth, where they lived happily for ten years. At length Jason wearied of her, and wa
r himself. A strife followed, which would have ended in bloodshed but for the appearance of Cassandra, who told them that t
fered to relieve him from his embarrassment if Tyndareus would obtain for him the hand of Penelope*. Tyndareus gladly conse
on. The hand of Helen was then bestowed upon Menelaus. Preparations for the War. Ambassadors were sent to Priam to dem
o great heroes did Menelaus experience any difficulty. Ulysses, famed for his wisdom, was at this time living happily at It
his little son Telemachus*, and was unwilling to leave his happy home for a perilous foreign expedition of uncertain durati
d to join the expedition against Troy, but he never forgave Palamedes for having exposed the stratagem. Achilles was the so
rs. Iphigenia*. The fleet lay a long time in the harbor waiting for a fair wind. Just as the expedition was about to
the daughter of Agamemnon, would alone appease the incensed goddess. For a long time the unhappy father refused to listen
of the neighboring states, who all gallantly responded to their call for help, and thus ample preparations were made to re
ere made to receive the enemy. King Priam being too advanced in years for active service, the command of the army devolved
always the most prominent actor. The wearisome monotony of the siege for the first nine years was broken only by the singl
k camp. The gods, indignant at the ferocious anger of Achilles, cared for the body of Hector by preserving it from corrupti
fight continually over the tomb of Memnon.15 Eos remains inconsolable for the loss of her son. Her tears still flow, and ma
irected by Apollo. A furious contest, lasting a whole day, took place for the possession of his corpse and armor. Ulysses a
ed, suffering abject misery. Ulysses and Diomedes were sent to Lemnos for Philoctetes, whose wound was then healed by Macha
f the sea, the Trojans regarded this as a punishment sent by the gods for his evil counsel, and were the more confirmed in
lty during the destruction of Troy, the wrath of the gods was roused, for which reason their homeward voyage was beset with
elve ships laden with treasures captured from Troy, Odysseus set sail for Ithaca. On doubling Cape Malea, in Laconia, he en
eal of man’s flesh.” Delighted with the delicious beverage, he called for more, and was again supplied. The giant was so mu
cape with them. But the subtlety of the hero proved more than a match for the giant’s strength. The sheep were very large,
last one. As the sheep passed out the giant felt carefully among them for his victims, but not finding them on the backs of
guarded, seized this opportunity and opened it to secure some portion for themselves. Immediately the adverse winds rushed
rew his sword and rushed toward her. She fell on her knees and begged for mercy. He dictated a solemn oath that she would r
eager to quaff the blood of the sacrifice which would restore to them for a time their mental vigor. Remembering the injunc
aged father, Laertes*, was wearing his life away in anxious longings for his return. He also conversed with Agamemnon, Pat
d. He urged his companions to pass it, but they insisted upon landing for the night, and took an oath that they would not t
sseus, they slew some of the cattle, vainly attempting to make amends for the deed by offering a portion of them to the off
the joints of meat lowed on the spits while roasting. After feasting for seven days they set sail, but were overtaken by a
alone was saved. Clinging to a mast, he floated about in the open sea for nine days. He once more escaped from Charybdis, a
raft, and gave him clothing and provisions. His course was prosperous for many days; but Poseidon, still enraged at the her
mpest to arise, during which the raft was destroyed. He floated about for two days and nights, but at last the sea goddess,
Odysseus was cordially received by the king and queen, and in return for their kindness he related to them the history of
at his palace. Many nobles of Ithaca and the neighboring islands had for years harassed Penelope with their solicitations
a choice among them as soon as she had finished weaving a burial-robe for the aged Laertes; but by secretly undoing at nigh
t the following morning Telemachus returned from his fruitless search for his father. He went first to Eumæus to learn some
lip.” Odyssey. The suitors, springing to their feet, looked around for arms, but, in obedience to Odysseus, Telemachus h
the bed could not be moved, he exclaimed that the errand was useless, for that no mortal man could stir it from its place.
pies. They saw herds of cattle, some of which they slew, and prepared for a feast. But no sooner had they seated themselves
ng him to embark without delay. Æneas made the necessary preparations for departure, disregarding the tears and reproaches
complish the task. The Sibyl told him to seek in the adjoining forest for a tree on which grew a golden bough. This branch
ure, renewed the freshness of the waters and of vegetation, and cared for the well-being of flocks and herds. Dionysus, or
hæstus, or Vulcan, presided over fire, and compelled it to do service for man. Aphrodite, or Venus, presided over love and
e regions of the dead. There were three orders of gods. The first was for the priesthood, and represented the ideal and spi
f Isis, was the goddess of vigilance; she was the eastern sky waiting for the morning sun. Athor*, goddess of love, was th
m, he was placed in a building facing the east, and was fed with milk for four months. At the expiration of this time the p
own the Nile to Memphis, where a temple with two chapels, and a court for exercise, were assigned to him. Sacrifices were m
sacred in one place were often, in others, hated and hunted, or used for food. Thus, at Thebes, the crocodile and the shee
ations to Light,” often called the “Book of the Dead.” It is a ritual for the use of the soul in its journeys after death,
d, and as Moloch*, or the King, these names being gradually set apart for separate deities, just as Endymion, Hyperion, Apo
so introduced by Ahab* into Israel*. The Phœnicians were widely known for their devotion to Moloch. They appeased him with
he blood of infants, especially of the first-born. Carthage was noted for these horrid sacrifices; five hundred children, i
his day a very active, intelligent, and wealthy class. They are noted for their purity of life, honesty, and conciliatory m
, Arjuni*, Brisaya*, Dahana*, Ushas*, Sarama*, and Saranyu* are names for the morning light. The Greeks regarded them as se
f the hymns addressed to Varuna are addressed to him simply as a name for the One God who has made and who governs all thin
y as Uranus, but in Greece Zeus (the Sanskrit Dyaus*) became the name for the supreme God, and Uranus lost his importance.
for the supreme God, and Uranus lost his importance. Agni was a name for the fire which, when the fuel is kindled, steps f
Mors, death, and in the Teutonic Thor, the crusher. Ushas was a name for the dawn, and corresponds to the Greek Eos, and t
orresponds to the Greek Eos, and the Latin Aurora. Arusha was a name for the sun as he begins his course in the heaven. He
ken the earth with his rays. Brahma is called a son of Brahm, a name for the Great First Cause of all things. Brahma, Vish
der another form. The Avatars* of Vishnu are incarnations of the god for the accomplishment of a special purpose. It is be
a*, the destroyer, the father of the tempest-gods. Savitar is a name for the sun, as golden-handed, referring to his rays.
shipers of Vishnu are generally distinguished by a greater tenderness for life, and consequent abstinence from animal food,
years before Christ. He was the son of a king, and was distinguished for his wisdom, virtue, and personal beauty. He was s
dha died at the age of eighty. Buddhism was tolerated by the Brahmins for several centuries, and it extended to Ceylon and
the year 1056, the more modern, or prose Edda, is dated 1640; so that for a long time this mythology must have been transmi
* and Freki*, to whom Odin gave all the meat that was set before him, for he himself stood in no need of food. Mead was for
was set before him, for he himself stood in no need of food. Mead was for him both food and drink. None were admitted to Va
mead, which they drank from the skulls of their slaughtered enemies. For pastime, they fought and cut one another in piece
For pastime, they fought and cut one another in pieces. When the hour for feasting came, they recovered from their wounds,
; his sight was so keen that he could distinguish the smallest object for a thousand leagues around, even in the darkest ni
ttle-field of Frost and Fire, — where, of all places, we least looked for literature or written memorials, — the record of
speaking. It would, therefore, seem to signify those who speak of or for God. The Druids taught the existence of one God,
ode, or sessions of the bards and minstrels, which were held in Wales for many centuries, long after the Druidical priestho
their worship, nor did they meet in temples or buildings of any kind for the performance of their sacred rites. A circle o
es against persons or property, were at this time brought before them for adjudication. With these judicial acts were combi
r language which means ‘heal-all,’ and having made solemn preparation for feasting and sacrifice under the tree, they drive
e tree, they drive thither two milk-white bulls, whose horns are then for the first time bound. The priest, robed in white,
y drink the water in which it has been infused, and think it a remedy for all diseases. The mistletoe is a parasitic plant,
so that when it is found, it is the more precious.” Amber was valued for certain mysterious properties. It was manufacture
Columba, a native of Ireland, where Christianity had been established for nearly a century. American Mythology. Perso
out success. Great was the disappointment of the company on the raft, for what better divers had they than the beaver and t
he, too, remained long — a whole day and night — and they gave her up for lost. But at length she floated to the surface, u
spreading her web to catch flies, he invented the art of making nets for fish, and taught it to his descendants. He was be
is the Great White One, the god of the Dawn and the East. “The word for muskrat in Algonquin is ‘wajashk,’ and this is al
rd for muskrat in Algonquin is ‘wajashk,’ and this is almost the word for mud, or wet earth, ‘ajishki.’ The one word was pr
r mud, or wet earth, ‘ajishki.’ The one word was probably substituted for the other. The original statement was, that from
ut to the ancestors of the Indians the roots and plants which are fit for food, and which are of value as medicine; he gave
s; and at the time of the falling leaves, by way of composing himself for his nap, he fills his great pipe and divinely smo
s dry as before. A partridge informed Ioskeha of this, and he set out for his brother’s country, for they had divided the e
e informed Ioskeha of this, and he set out for his brother’s country, for they had divided the earth between them. He soon
hey believed that the spirit of an unburied body was forced to wander for a hundred years. Hence, it was deemed a religious
9 (1860) Elements of Mythology, or, Classical Fables of the Greeks and the Romans
This book of Education is one of a series of simple and easy works for the use of schools. It may appear to have less of
beautiful, in nature, in art, and in literature — to inspire a taste for the luxuries. and refinements of intellect — to m
owing compend of mythology, which is designed to bring into one view, for the use of young persons, some of the most remark
of one till the lifetime of another of those holy men, there was time for men to forget the instructions of one, before the
e as wicked as men had become themselves. They invented a god of wine for the drunkards, of gold for the covetous, and of d
me themselves. They invented a god of wine for the drunkards, of gold for the covetous, and of dishonesty for the thieves,
f wine for the drunkards, of gold for the covetous, and of dishonesty for the thieves, etc. Those who were not taught the t
ndly received by Janus, the king of the country. Saturn, in gratitude for the hospitality of Janus, endowed that prince wit
o seven. Roman virgins, from the first families at Rome, and destined for the service of Vesta, were chosen between the age
ew enterprises were dated from this day, but they commenced after it: for on the day itself, business was suspended, quarre
nted by the heathens, he had not the infinite purity of the true God, for his worshippers, in their blindness, admitted man
un himself. We sometimes hear of Sol. Sol appears to have been a name for the sun, distinct from Apollo. Apollo frequently
ps were servants and favourites of Jupiter, so he was angry at Apollo for destroying them, and expelled him from heaven as
ask. Phaeton petitioned to be allowed to drive the chariot of the sun for one day. Apollo in vain assured him that he could
into the Po, where he was drowned. His sisters, the Heliades, mourned for him and were metamorphosed into poplars by Jupite
e laurel was sacred to Apollo. It was bestowed upon poets as a reward for their excellence. The most famous oracle of the G
dress of Mercury recommended him to those gods, and Jupiter chose him for his special messenger. The king of heaven present
en presented to him his winged cap called the petasus, and with wings for his feet called talaria. He had also a small swor
cord, Clamour, Anger, and Fear attended the chariot of Mars. The dog, for his eagerness in pursuit of prey; the wolf, for h
iot of Mars. The dog, for his eagerness in pursuit of prey; the wolf, for his fierceness; the raven, which feeds upon the s
for his fierceness; the raven, which feeds upon the slain; the cock, for his wakefulness, were all consecrated to a god, w
e, possess any fine cutting instruments, or carry on any manufacture. For want of such accommodations we should be in the l
id infernal night. Botanic Garden, Canto I. Vulcan wrought a helmet for Pluto, which rendered him invisible; a trident fo
n wrought a helmet for Pluto, which rendered him invisible; a trident for Neptune, which shook both land and sea; and a dog
rident for Neptune, which shook both land and sea; and a dog of brass for Jupiter. He also constructed invincible armour fo
and a dog of brass for Jupiter. He also constructed invincible armour for Achilles and Eneas. The former a Greek, and the l
ged in the siege of Troy. Vulcan also fabricated palaces of pure gold for the celestial deities. At Athens and Rome, festiv
sovereign came, the Cyclops strove With eager speed, to forge a bolt for Jove, Such as by heaven’s almighty lord are hurle
in a box to Prometheus. Jupiter, it is said, was angry at Prometheus for the manifold blessings which the latter had besto
revenge himself upon Prometheus, Jupiter sent him the gifted Pandora for a bride. She was enclosed in a box with diseases,
, and is, indeed, commanded by him. To punish a benefactor of mankind for his benevolence, is not suitable to the character
eavenly bodies. The malignity of his enemies is a more rational cause for the sufferings of Prometheus than the vengeful an
eathens seem to have known that the rainbow intimated God’s goodness, for they personified this meteor under the figure of
n a variegated garment. Jupiter, on account of her beauty, chose Hebe for his cup-bearer. The gods of the heathen were not
Elijah reproves the worshippers of Baal by this derision, “Cry aloud, for he is a god; either he is talking, or he is pursu
e gods was not supposed to be formed of the gross aliments of earth. For not the bread of man their life sustains, Nor win
an eagle carried him from earth to heaven, where he poured out nectar for Jupiter. Who was Hebe? Were the heathen gods sup
earing a javelin. She is often called in Homer, the “blue-eyed maid,” for she never married. The fable relates, that Neptun
e never married. The fable relates, that Neptune and Minerva disputed for the honour of giving a name to the capital of Att
to signify the preservation or safeguard of any valuable object. As, for example, the palladium of American liberty, or it
orted to Athens on this occasion, bringing with them numerous victims for the sacrifices. Horse races, wrestling matches, a
rse races, wrestling matches, and musical performances were exhibited for the public entertainment at this festival. The so
t classes of the citizens, and those who appeared in it were selected for their fine appearance. First advanced old men, st
rs of foreigners settled at Athens. The latter carried a folding seat for the young girls to rest upon, and an umbrella to
brella to screen them from the sun; they also carried water and honey for the libations. Foreigners, or sojourners as they
rowned. Let all the hinds bend low at Ceres’ shrine; Mix honey sweet, for her, with milk and mellow wine. Thrice lead the v
d,     ’Tis he, ’tis he, he comes to us From the depths of Tartarus. For what of evil doth he roam From his red and gloomy
annual festivals. Ceres, alarmed at the absence of Proserpine, sought for her among the flowers of Enna, but she only found
ead, and metamorphosed him into an owl, which Minerva afterwards took for her attendant. The owl is not accounted a sagacio
nis were celebrated in Greece and Syria. They commenced with mourning for his death, and concluded with expressions of joy
ed with mourning for his death, and concluded with expressions of joy for their renovation. The Syrians called Adonis, Tham
ed Adonis, Thammuz. The prophet Ezekiel reproves the idolatrous women for weeping for Thammuz; that is, for joining in the
hammuz. The prophet Ezekiel reproves the idolatrous women for weeping for Thammuz; that is, for joining in the funeral proc
ekiel reproves the idolatrous women for weeping for Thammuz; that is, for joining in the funeral procession with which the
Psyche — a Greek word, signifying spirit, or soul. The love of Cupid for Psyche was an allegory intended to show that all
ghtily and prevailed. A man named Demetrius, who made “silver shrines for Diana,” that is, little altars and images of the
and images of the goddess, and models of the great temple, (probably for the embellishment of houses,) being in fear that
om Circe hated because she was beloved by Glaucus, whom Circe desired for herself. The mischievous Circe infected the water
King of Egypt, about the time of the Trojan war, who was illustrious for his secrecy, wisdom, and foresight. Proteus was a
ed upon. They were represented as rapacious and cruel, and destroying for the mere pleasure of destruction. These subordina
ng the thyrsus, and sometimes bearing upon their shoulders young kids for the sacrifice. The feasts of Bacchus were some
this goddess in the cultivation of fruit-trees and gardens, procured for her great reputation among the Romans, who placed
us was a Roman deity. Numa, finding the laws which he had established for the security of property insufficient, persuaded
gazing there, till he languished and died. Echo pined away with grief for the loss of Narcissus, but being immortal preserv
inx was a nymph in the train of Diana, and, when pursued by Pan, fled for refuge to the river Ladon, her father, who change
bestow upon him the gift of immortality, and the goddess obtained it for him from the Destinies. But when Aurora presented
Destinies. But when Aurora presented her petition, she forgot to ask for perpetual youth, and Tithonus, though he continue
to ask for perpetual youth, and Tithonus, though he continued to live for ages, was in such a state of dotage, that is of i
, Whate’er the circling seasons yield. Whatever buds, whatever blows, For thee it buds, for thee it grows. Nor yet art thou
cling seasons yield. Whatever buds, whatever blows, For thee it buds, for thee it grows. Nor yet art thou the peasant’s fea
yet art thou the peasant’s fear. To him thy friendly notes are dear; For thou art mild as matin dew, And still, when summe
s, the Furies roar. The Infernal Regions was the place of reception for souls who had lived upon the earth. Immediately u
s that the souls of the uninterred, or neglected dead, wandered about for a whole century without being admitted to the joy
Terror, Hunger, Discord, and the Furies, terrible women, with snakes for hair, and whips of scorpions in their hands. The
is laws became celebrated all over Greece, and continued in operation for centuries after his death. Who were the judges o
the Titans. They were represented as being precipitated into Tartarus for having made war against Jupiter and the gods; the
are occasioned by their violent struggles. Sisyphus. Sisyphus, for having attempted to deceive Pluto, was condemned
nd sweat descends in dews. Phlegyas. Phlegyas, a son of Mars, for having set fire to the temple of Apollo, at Delph
spreads nine acres of Infernal ground; Two ravenous vultures, furious for their food, Scream o’er the fiend and riot in his
re. Tantalus. See plate, page 101. Tantalus, King of Phrygia, for having savagely murdered his own son, Pelops, and
ons of his brother Egyptus, who married the daughters of their uncle. For some cause, not precisely told by the mythologist
They all, except one, obeyed this inhuman order, and as a punishment for their crime, were sentenced to the continued toil
was commanded to bring Cerberus into upper air, and descended to hell for that object. Cerberus, at sight of Hercules, crou
table to virtuous men; the other a region of grief and horror, proper for the punishment of those who had made themselves v
re the final abode of virtuous men and women. Patriots, who perished for their country’s right, Or nobly triumphed in the
er than brutes, if to eat, drink, and be merry, is all that they live for . To be cheerful, modest, and moderate in our recr
ably, only an excellent physician, but ignorant men mistook his skill for a supernatural power, and exalted him to the rank
s. The nymphs, companions of Echo, entreated Love to punish Narcissus for his contempt to her. The god granted their prayer
eality of so charming a injure. Who was Echo? Was Narcissus punished for his contempt of her? ——— Morpheus, the minister
mates that she weighs, or deliberates upon all that two parties claim for themselves; the sword shows her power to punish t
had a temple at Rome, and her priests offered up supplications to her for the health of all people. The Romans regarded thi
ld in a profound sleep, holding in his hand poppies, which serve also for his pillow. Somnus, or sleep, is called by Homer,
erer; they admire his generosity and courage; he has exposed his life for their security; he has endangered himself, but he
undertook the enterprises commanded by Eurystheus, the gods armed him for his labours. Minerva gave him a helmet and coat o
e of a year, Hercules succeeded in taking it. Diana reproved Hercules for this act: but he pleaded the command of a severe
many years. This was effected by turning a liver through the stable. For his sixth labour Hercules was ordered to kill som
eyed upon men. Hercules secured these animals, and gave them Diomedes for a repast. The ninth labour was to get possession
yte was conquered, Hercules presented her to Theseus, King of Athens, for a wife. The tenth labour was to kill Geryon, King
hich were guarded by a dragon. Hercules repaired to Atlas, the giant, for information concerning these apples, and took fro
w but fatal disease, Hercules prayed to Jupiter, and prepared himself for death. He gave his bow and arrows to Philoctetes,
and arrows to Philoctetes, pulled up trees by the roots, and erected for himself a funeral pile upon Mount Œta. He then sp
re, which sometimes made him remit his exertions, and indulge himself for a time in repose and amusement. It was said, that
chis, he sacrificed the ram to Jupiter, as an expression of gratitude for his preservation, and dedicated the fleece to the
The fleece being thus obtained, Jason, as he had promised, took Medea for his wife, and returned in triumph to his native c
uts was, in fact, an expedition of discovery; it opened a new channel for trade, and new sources of wealth to the people of
erce, and established colonies upon the Asiatic border of the Euxine. For ten years, says the fable, Jason loved Medea, and
us was a king of Athens, yet he is also ranked among fabulous heroes; for it is sometimes said of him that he went with Jas
Hercules, he longed to resemble that renowned hero. Robbers, too many for Hercules alone to contend with, ravaged Peloponne
ed a bed into which he forced his victims; and, if they were too tall for its length he would cut off their limbs to fit th
allantidæ saw that Ægeus loved Theseus. They said, “He will adopt him for his son, and will leave him the kingdom. We then
d people, and all savages, require the life of one person to be given for that of another, which has been treacherously tak
has been treacherously taken. In the Hebrew law, it is said, “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth;” which means, if
taken. In the Hebrew law, it is said, “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth;” which means, if a man violently strike
ch a law to be just, and Minos demanded many lives, as a compensation for the single life of his son, because in those days
to twelve little republics: all these acknowledged the King of Athens for their sovereign, but they chose their own chiefs
ectable should come into one place, and deliberate upon what was best for the people to do; and if any man did wrong, he mi
live in safety and quiet. All these people were grateful to Theseus, for introducing this excellent civil order: and the p
ng his parents, the oracle answered Œdipus, that he must not go home, for if he did, he would murder his father, and marry
our-bearer. The road was narrow, and Laius ordered Œdipus to make way for him to pass. Œdipus refused; the two parties bega
pus exclaimed that the gods had appointed that spot on which he stood for his burial place, and instantly expired. What me
y. Antigone, the sister of Polynices, resolved to perform this office for her brother: and she entreated her sister Ismene
, and their admiration of it shows a just moral taste in that people, for Antigone is a beautiful example of female excelle
e. Her constant attendance upon her afflicted father, her heroic love for her brother, and her strong sense of her duty, wh
his eyes. Thus deprived of Eurydice forever, Orpheus consoled himself for the loss of her by playing upon his lyre as he wa
ever more liked the society of females), and they conceived a dislike for him. Some of the Bacchæ are reported, in their dr
nd Pollux, first in martial force, One bold on foot, and one renowned for horse, My brothers these; the same our native sho
illed Lynceus, and has killed Pollux. Castor, being a son of Jupiter, for the children of Leda were all called Jupiter s, w
existence, and that they might be alive and dead alternately, whether for a day each, or for six months, the mythology does
they might be alive and dead alternately, whether for a day each, or for six months, the mythology does not determine. Cas
arus in that edifice. Dædalus contrived wings of wax and of feathers, for himself and his son, and they took their flight t
me city, and that its site was fixed upon as being a convenient abode for seafaring men; and the fable of Apollo’s music mu
hould engage in war; and Venus, the most beautiful woman in the world for his wife. Venus obtained the apple, and the beaut
to recover her. Paris readily engaged to redeem Hesione, and set out for Greece for that object. His real design, however,
her. Paris readily engaged to redeem Hesione, and set out for Greece for that object. His real design, however, was to obt
im with hospitality and kindness: but Paris treacherously repaid him; for Menelaus being absent in Crete, Paris persuaded H
nelaus being absent in Crete, Paris persuaded Helen to elope with him for Asia, and to take with her much of the treasure o
a dispute between three goddesses? What goddesses visited Paris, and for what purpose? What induced Paris to visit the cou
Iphigenia. The Greek princes having made suitable preparations for the siege of Troy, assembled with all their force
Eubœa. They chose Agamemnon, King of Mycenæ, and brother of Menelaus, for their chief, and Calchas, the soothsayer, for the
nd brother of Menelaus, for their chief, and Calchas, the soothsayer, for their priest. Calchas, the seer, whose comprehen
med of her daughter’s cruel destiny. Iphigenia saw the preparation for a sacrifice, and when she learned that she was th
as done, without being observed by the Trojans, is not well accounted for , but such is the story told by Virgil. The Trojan
aken without the arrows of Hercules, and Ulysses immediately departed for Lemnos, where he found Philoctetes, and entreated
s, and entreated him to follow him to Troy. Philoctetes hated Ulysses for his treachery, and refused at first to accompany
nd refused at first to accompany him, but at length he was persuaded, for Hercules appeared to him and commanded him to go
d the host at Aulis, and what remedy was proposed? Did Agamemnon send for his daughter from Mycenæ? Was Iphigenia sacrifice
at this, and went together to the temple of Apollo, to thank the god for the young prince’s death. Orestes concealed himse
appy anywhere. To be tormented by the Furies, means that he was sorry for what he had done; that he thought constantly of h
that he thought constantly of his murdered mother, and hated himself for his crime. Euripides, one of the Greek poets, say
stes consulted the oracle of Apollo, to learn how he must make amends for his crime, and to escape from the vengeance of th
ng from thence the statue of Diana. This was a difficult undertaking, for the King of Chersonesus always sacrificed every s
was not intimidated, and, accompanied by his friend Pylades, set out for the dominions of the barbarian 7 king. When the t
lates to Telemachus, that his vessels were tossed about the Egean sea for eight long years, sometimes on the coast of Cypru
efused a prosperous wind; No vows had we preferred, nor victim slain! For this the gods each favouring gale restrain. Odys
ted stores. But one day while some of his men were gone to the shore for provisions, and others were engaged in fishing, o
teus, appeared to Menelaus, and counselled him to apply to her father for instruction how to reconcile the offended deities
ew. Who were the Atridæ, and in what book is their history related? For what cause was the voyage of Menelaus prolonged?
o save. This heard the raging ruler of the main; His spear, indignant for such high disdain, He launched, dividing with his
st of Greece, was, of all the heroes of the Trojan war, most renowned for his eloquence and cunning. Ulysses was the son of
his son. Ulysses was very happy in his government, and in his family, for he tenderly loved Penelope, and their only child,
heir natural form, and once more, with his single vessel, he embarked for Ithaca, but he was not destined yet to return. By
of Ulysses seized upon, and devoured, some cattle which were designed for victims to Apollo; this gave such offence to the
Mercury ordered Calypso to furnish Ulysses with every thing necessary for his voyage, and she obeyed him, and the hero depa
y for his voyage, and she obeyed him, and the hero departed once more for Ithaca. He had almost reached Corcyra, when Neptu
and thought it just that he should suffer still more as a punishment for that act; so the god raised a storm and sunk Ulys
orn state known to these young women. They were moved with compassion for him; provided him with clothes, and directed him
ded him with clothes, and directed him to apply to the king and queen for succour. Ulysses found the king and queen of Phoc
scover himself to his family, than the suitors were properly punished for their audacity and violence. Ulysses killed them
ll, and restored order and quiet in his dominions; rewarding Penelope for her fidelity, cherishing his son, and improving h
want of honour is a blemish in his character, which diminishes esteem for him. Who was Ulysses? How did Ulysses try to esc
avelling about in the disguise of a merchant, exposed jewels and arms for sale to the maidens of Lycomedes’ court. Achilles
y a suit of impenetrable armour, which Thetis had procured to be made for him by Vulcan. Among the captives taken by Achill
bravest of the followers of Menelaus. Diomed is celebrated in Homer, for what is called his night adventure. This was ente
condition which any might presume upon, who should abandon his duties for ten years. His wife had married a stranger, and h
ter with her sweeping train, Thy gentle accents softened all my pain; For thee I mourn, and mourn myself in thee, The wretc
conquerors of Troy. When Priam entreated the body of Hector, Achilles for a moment was melted. The meeting between them was
s afterwards taken, the family of Priam tied to the altar of the gods for protection. Priam, in this last conflict, clothed
e war of Troy, 1184 B. C. This anachronism may be pardoned in a poet, for poets are not required to be accurate. Eneas, acc
f Sichæus, murdered him. Dido, after the loss of her husband, in fear for her own life, escaped with a company of Tyrians t
ain Eneas at Carthage, and to marry him, but he refused, and left her for Italy. In consequence of her grief for the depart
, but he refused, and left her for Italy. In consequence of her grief for the departure of Eneas, Dido refused to live, and
daughter Lavinia, though she had been previously promised to Turnus, for a wife. Eneas met also with a kind reception from
t time, the means of knowledge, schools, and colleges, did not abound for the instruction of the young. Those who felt the
the European Greeks; but all the Greeks at that time looked to Egypt for instruction. Thales, in his solicitude for impro
that time looked to Egypt for instruction. Thales, in his solicitude for improvement, repaired to Egypt, and by conversati
es. Of his theology and morals, the following tradition is preserved; for , if he wrote any thing, his treatises are lost. T
cus defended his countrymen and defeated their invaders. In gratitude for his services, the people of Mytilene chose him fo
ders. In gratitude for his services, the people of Mytilene chose him for their king, and adopted laws which he gave them.
riends of them. Cleobulina, the daughter of Cleobulus, was celebrated for her wit and genius, but more for the sweetness of
aughter of Cleobulus, was celebrated for her wit and genius, but more for the sweetness of her temper Cleobulus died 560 B.
membered as a skilful politician, not as the father of his people, or for his virtuous example. Periander died 588 B. C. W
? To what country did the Greeks, six centuries before Christ, repair for instruction in the sciences? What school of philo
re the institutions of Solon humane and permanent? Who was Chilo, and for what was he distinguished? Who was Bias? Who was
o, and for what was he distinguished? Who was Bias? Who was Pittacus? For what is Cleobulus memorable, and who was his daug
of Justice. He is distinguished as being the judge of departed souls; for the Hindus believe that when a soul leaves its bo
twofold aspects are but one;              And change is none In him; for change in Yamen could not be,              The im
he is depicted as holding in her hands the palmira leaf, and the reed for writing. Durga is the same goddess, when regarded
, about the neck; dragging constantly along a heavy weight; remaining for a long time in the most painful positions of body
near the banks of the Ganges, the Kistna, or some other sacred river, for the benefit of ablution in the purifying stream.
as 750,000 l.; and 8000 lbs. weight of provisions were daily prepared for the use of the priests and the pilgrims. The prie
ose who refused it; and the subjects of other religions, being unable for the most part to read at all, and being unfurnish
ey, and Dr. Franklin. No such persons are allowed to exert themselves for the benefit of the unfortunate natives of Asia, e
the god of war, and the giver of all good gifts. Temples were erected for the worship of Odin, and sacrifices were offered
direct the meteors, winds, and storms. Prayers were addressed to him for favourable winds, refreshing rains, and fruitful
he souls of heroes slain to Valhalla, his hall; and there to pour out for them the beverage of the gods. On steeds that se
on, “the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy.” In the same way the Scandinavian mythology
not prevent the Hebrews from imitating the idolatries of the Syrians. For many centuries, the Hebrews had but one place of
f Syrian gods; this name only signifies lord. Moloch was another name for this same imaginary deity. Moloch was the chief d
, besmeared with blood Of human sacrifice, and parents’ tears; Though for the noise of drums and timbrels loud, Their child
tered the penetralia, the inner apartment of the temple, and inquired for the god in whose honour the fane had been built,
y, and behold, a crocodile, a cat, or a serpent — a fitter inhabitant for a cavern or a bog than for a temple. The religion
a cat, or a serpent — a fitter inhabitant for a cavern or a bog than for a temple. The religion of ancient Egypt is wrapt
t, were said to have worshipped only the immortal, uncreated God: and for this reason to have been exempted from contributi
ral of its principal cities. His image was erected in a temple, built for that purpose at Alexandria, and called the Serape
providence; in pious reverence, fear, and love of him; in due respect for parents and the aged; in affection for the whole
nd love of him; in due respect for parents and the aged; in affection for the whole human species, and compassionate tender
r named Zoroaster. He prepared a book of doctrines and of regulations for worship. This book is the Zend-Avesta. This refor
Religion is a sentiment which is cherished in the bosom of all men: for it is not an established fact that any people dis
e Mexicans, but the Mexican worship was not so innocent as the Roman, for it was cruel — it required human sacrifices, and
ents to the evil. Sacred stones were placed in the streets of Mexico, for this god to rest upon: and no mortal dared to sit
ed Saturn. He appeared to Quet-zal-cot, and offered him immortality, ( for Quet-zal-cot was then mortal,) if he would drink
by Chaos? Had the Mexicans a similar fable, and how did they account for the origin of the sun and moon? Who was the Mexic
charge of that useful element, without which animal life could not be for a moment sustained. Centeot, or she who supports
id parents commend children? Had the Mexicans gods, whom they praised for their pleasures and comfort, and did they worship
rtes, the Spanish conqueror of Mexico, it occupied a space sufficient for five hundred houses, and was surrounded by a wall
d four gates, fronting east, west, north, and south; contained altars for sacrifices, and was adorned by figures of huge st
tone serpents. The temples of the Mexicans were surrounded by a space for dances and ceremonies, in the open air: near the
dances and ceremonies, in the open air: near the temples, were houses for the accommodation of strangers who came to worshi
of the hills, and in the woods, were erected altars in the open air, for the worship of the mountain gods, and other rural
of Mexico were numerous and rich. Great tracts of land were set apart for their maintenance. The upper classes of the peopl
he Mexicans in their worship is detestable, and sorry as one may feel for the misfortunes which they have experienced under
uction of Christianity into their country, must be accounted a change for the better. How did the Mexicans exhibit their v
introduced into Greece from Egypt. When the Greeks began to make laws for the preservation of society, it was enacted at At
e, the law against foreign deities had fallen into neglect at Athens; for the gods of Thrace and Phrygia had obtained a pla
mes mentioned with contempt. The utmost reverence, however, was shown for the images of the gods. Alcibiades was obliged to
, was shown for the images of the gods. Alcibiades was obliged to fly for his life, because he was only suspected of irreve
re an intolerant people, how did they manifest it? Who suffered death for the charge of sacrilege, and how did the Athenian
f prayers, sacrifices, and purifications. Public prayers were offered for the safety of the state, and its allies, for the
lic prayers were offered for the safety of the state, and its allies, for the preservation of the fruits of the earth, for
ate, and its allies, for the preservation of the fruits of the earth, for rain, and for deliverance from pestilence and fam
llies, for the preservation of the fruits of the earth, for rain, and for deliverance from pestilence and famine. The follo
the true God, were men of a good constitution, and, indeed, preferred for their beauty. Their dress was graceful and imposi
by their united force to a trench which had been marked in the soil, for the reception of the foundation stones in the wal
the history of all primitive people. “Trees, in the old time, served for the temples of the gods,” said a Latin historian.
the Pantheon? How did the Romans remarkably express their veneration for places of worship? Were religious services perfor
re religious services performed at the first commencement of edifices for religious uses? Before the erection of costly tem
e. Divination, or augury, was practised upon chickens kept in a coop for that purpose. Their manner of eating, and of flut
of the emperors thought proper, in order to exalt the public respect for themselves, to assume the office of Pontifex Maxi
The Roman history represents the great men of that nation as eminent for wisdom and courage: admirable as warriors, and or
riors, and orators; and distinguished, in their most civilized stale, for love of arts, and for magnificent works. But thei
d distinguished, in their most civilized stale, for love of arts, and for magnificent works. But their superstition, and ig
, a woman came to Rome, and brought nine books to the king, demanding for them certain pieces of gold. Tarquin refused the
ed with six, and still demanded the price. Tarquin refused the Sibyl, for such she was, her demand, and she left him a seco
him a second time: still she returned again, having but three books, for she had burnt three of the six, and still she dem
ginal price. Tarquin, moved by her importunity, applied to the augurs for instruction how to act. The augurs, after some my
the Romans passed a temple, they kissed the hand, in token of respect for a sacred place. Besides the temples and images of
cob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone which he had put for his pillow, and set it up for a pillar, and poure
ng, and took the stone which he had put for his pillow, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.” Aft
pon the top of it.” Afterwards, he says, “This stone which I have set for a pillar, shall be God’s house.” Doubtless, all w
of piety and gratitude. Temples and altars both were places of refuge for the guilty, and for the unfortunate, who might be
de. Temples and altars both were places of refuge for the guilty, and for the unfortunate, who might be innocently persecut
m resemble this? Were temples and altars ever made use of, as asylums for the guilty and the unfortunate? Was private hospi
d Pericles first designed the Parthenon, as a suitable dwelling-place for the “august Athena;” the favourite goddess of all
e most renowned of the Greek sculptors. The Parthenon remained entire for many ages. It is said that Christians have worshi
have worshipped in it as a church, and that Mohammedans have used it for a mosque. In 1687, the Venetians besieged the Acr
s Dr. Clark, “as the Parthenon has been described, the spectator, who for the first time approaches it, finds that nothing
hats slightly confined by ribands. The Greeks had two external covers for the head, the Petasus, and the Pileus. Homer ment
ews were Christ should be born, they answered, in Bethlehem of Judea, for thus it was written by the prophet . It appears f
d the Spartans obeyed. Those who consulted oracles were forced to pay for the information they sought; so that rich people
ce. When a very wicked person came, he was said to be polluted, unfit for a religious service, till he should be put into a
ng brand from the altar of the god, extinguished it in water designed for the purification; this act was supposed to consec
mary, during the performance of religious services, on some occasions for a part of the worshippers to dance round the alta
God. Piety is a disposition to bear God in mind, to thank him always for his manifold goodness. This disposition was alway
nifest than in their continued prayers and supplications to the gods; for no man among them who was endued with the smalles
hout having first asked the direction and the assistance of the gods; for this they thought the surest means to have all th
and hear their supplications.” One of the Roman poets says, “we pray for the prosperity of Italy, both in the morning and
ns only prayed that the gods would grant what was honourable and good for them: and they added one petition more, viz. that
certain objects signifies, as surely as this thing, the sun, or moon, for example, exists, and as God hears me, I speak tru
d our Saviour’s prohibition, —  “Swear not at all; neither by heaven, for it is God’s throne; nor by the earth, for it is h
at all; neither by heaven, for it is God’s throne; nor by the earth, for it is his footstool,” etc. This injunction was gi
did the Greeks offer their devotions, and what did the Spartans pray for ? What is meant by a curse, and who stood in fear
viously to their departure, they made a sacrifice, and put up prayers for safety and success; and the sea-faring men were j
eing arrived in port, the first act of mariners was to thank the gods for their preservation; and if they had been safely l
k a journey, first implored the divine protection. When they departed for a foreign land, it was customary to take leave of
heir land; and when they were restored to their homes, offered thanks for a safe return to their peculiar divinities. T
true religion, while it has pleased him to leave millions of mankind for so many ages in ignorance of himself; though men
ses. God, about fourteen centuries before Christ, gave to Moses a law for his people to observe. This law is contained in t
ts into the fables of their religion. The worship which God appointed for his people the Hebrews, is described in the book
se lies were only delusions. The heathens had a religion which lasted for a few centuries, and then gave place to another a
as the condition of the most polished nations in respect to religion, for fifteen centuries before Christ? Were the Phœnici
d of attending to the common business of life. This vow was only made for a time. The Nazarite permitted his hair to grow d
e for a time. The Nazarite permitted his hair to grow during the time for which the vow was made. The other holy persons we
brass, which would contain a large quantity of water. It was designed for the priests to wash their hands and feet in, when
celebrated the beginning of the wheat harvest, and was a thanksgiving for the divine mercy in bestowing the fruits of the e
Nestor. 10. A cubit is eighteen inches. 11. As this book is written for young persons, it may not be amiss to inform them
10 (1889) The student’s mythology (2e éd.)
atory Note. The Student’s Mythology has been in use in manuscript for nearly three years in one of our largest academie
to any of the ordinary text-books on the subject. Copies were sought for the use of other institutions, and the principals
f the academy referred to, consented that the work should be prepared for the press. In carrying out the plan, the subject
arefully classified, and such additions made as were deemed necessary for completeness. As a farther precaution, the whole
submitted to the decisive test of the schoolroom. It is not designed for young persons who are already advanced in classic
ung persons who are already advanced in classical studies, but rather for pupils who have not yet entered, or who, like the
mies, are not likely ever to enter upon any regular classical course. For the former, it may prove a useful introduction to
the ancient myths, only where their application is clear and simple. For the same reason the writer has avoided questions
sight may see Him, yet Himself Sees all that live; ………………………… ………………… For He alone All heavenly is, and all terrestrial thi
Avarice and discord were unknown; men had not learned to slay animals for food, nor had the earth been disturbed by the plo
ppeared, No court erected yet, nor cause was heard, But all was safe; for conscience was their guard. ………………………………………………………
man. The same poet says: “Then land-marks limited to each his right; For all before was common as the light. Nor was the g
rking gifts: no divinity was permitted to reverse the act of another. For example, when an offended god subjected a mortal
the act on the plea that the latter garment would be more comfortable for the god at all seasons, as it was neither so heav
iter’s first exploits? Ans. Titan was so much enraged against Saturn for failing to destroy all his male children, that he
tune he gave the command of the seas and rivers, while Pluto received for his portion the subterranean world, or infernal r
r times; and all were embellished by the poets with but little regard for moral or religious sentiment. Whatever their orig
world, and that they contributed to weaken whatever respect remained for public or private virtue. Ques. Relate some of t
terrupted by a terrible event. The attendants of Cadmus, in searching for water, had entered a grove sacred to Mars, which
lved to satisfy himself of the truth of the reports that reached him. For this purpose he descended to earth, and assuming
he Molossians. He ordered him to be slain, and his flesh to be served for the entertainment of his guest. Jupiter was seize
evenge on Jupiter, he killed the Cyclops who forged the thunderbolts. For this reason Jupiter banished Apollo from heaven.
Hyacinthus, a boy to whom he was much attached. Apollo mourned deeply for the youth, and caused a flower to spring from his
tal day came, Alcestis, the wife of Admetus, devoted herself to death for her husband. Admetus grieved so deeply at her los
rom the punishment he inflicted on Marsyas [Mar′syas], and King Midas for coming in conflict with him on that point. Ques.
not so cruel. This prince had the bad taste to declare his preference for the vulgar music of Pan, in a contest which that
nsformed into glittering metal. He soon perceived his folly, however, for when, pressed by hunger, he tried to partake of t
communicated to the waters of the stream, which was famous ever after for its golden sands. Ques. Who was Phæton? Ans. He
nest solicitation of his mother, he repaired to the palace of the Sun for the purpose of having his parentage publicly ackn
uld ask. Phæton immediately prayed that he might be allowed to drive, for one day only, the chariot of the Sun. Apollo trie
he dog, on account of its sagacity in the pursuit of prey; the horse, for its uses in war; the wolf, for its rapacity and c
ity in the pursuit of prey; the horse, for its uses in war; the wolf, for its rapacity and cruelty; the raven, because it f
rapacity and cruelty; the raven, because it follows armies, watching for the carcasses of the slain; and the cock, as an e
od was called Caduceus [Cadu′ceus], and possessed a wonderful faculty for quieting all disputes. His helmet was called Peta
n, and cut off the head of Argus with a single blow. Juno was grieved for her servant, and placed his eyes in her peacock’s
me, plying the distaff and the spindle, and singing over their tasks. For this, Alcithoe and her sisters were transformed b
ansformation of mariners into dolphins? Ans. A ship touched at Chios for a supply of fresh water. The sailors who went on
ng more than mortal about the captive youth. In the meantime Bacchus, for it was he, awaking from his slumber, begged the s
e fate of Arachne [Arach′ne] shows how much she prized her reputation for skill in embroidery. Ques. Who was Arachne? Ans
designs, but it would seem that Arachne’s performance surpassed hers: for Minerva, seeing it, was fired with envy, and stru
l immortal, except Medusa. The latter was at one period distinguished for her personal beauty, and particularly for her flo
at one period distinguished for her personal beauty, and particularly for her flowing hair; but having offended Minerva, th
the goddess of love and beauty. She sprang from the froth of the sea; for this reason the Greeks called her Aphrodite [Aphr
ald; because when the Gauls besieged Rome, the inhabitants made ropes for their military engines with the long hair of the
assembled, and threw among them a golden apple on which was written: “ For the fairest.” A violent quarrel immediately arose
fairest.” A violent quarrel immediately arose between the goddesses, for each believed herself to be the most beautiful. J
He was, therefore, exposed on Mount Ida, where he was found and cared for by some shepherds. After he had grown up, he acqu
some shepherds. After he had grown up, he acquired a great reputation for the prudence with which he settled the most diffi
ered him great power; Minerva, wisdom; but Venus promised to give him for a wife the most beautiful woman in the world. Par
s. Atalanta was the daughter of King Cœneus, and was equally renowned for her beauty and her swiftness in running. As an or
d by a wild boar, while hunting with that goddess. Venus grieved much for her favorite. To commemorate his cruel fate she c
caused it to emerge from the sea, when it became fixed and immovable for her use. Ques. Relate the transformation of Lyci
presence of “Aura,” or the refreshing breeze. This word was mistaken for the name of a nymph by some persons who carried t
oundless jealousy. Ques. To whom was Aurora married? Ans. She chose for her husband Tithonus [Titho′nus], the son of Laom
t he might be exempted from death, she forgot to ask at the same time for the bloom of immortal youth. When Tithonus became
and were consumed. According to the poets, Aurora was never consoled for the loss of her son; she mourns unceasingly, and
n object of curiosity to travellers. Ques. Where is this statue, and for what is it remarkable? Ans. It is one of two col
Memnon is the more northerly of the two, and was formerly celebrated for its vocal powers. It is commonly asserted by anci
red to a blow struck on hollow brass. Ques. Was there any foundation for such a belief? Ans. It appeared quite certain th
us were closed but three times in seven hundred years. They were shut for the first time in the reign of Numa; again, after
y works of Vulcan, beside those already mentioned? Ans. Yes, he made for Alcinoüs, king of the Phæacians, gold and silver
d around the island three times every day, to guard it from invasion. For himself, Vulcan formed golden handmaidens, whom h
Ques. Give an example? Ans. Neptune, Vulcan, and Minerva contended for the prize of skill; Neptune made a bull, Minerva
t laws existed with regard to the Vestal Virgins? Ans. The penalties for neglect of their duties were severe. If the sacre
er and oil. The sacred fire of Vesta was watched by these priestesses for nearly eleven centuries. We are told that during
. What were the privileges of the Vestal Virgins? Ans. In recompense for these severe laws, the Vestals were treated with
ally entrusted to their care. A striking instance of the respect felt for these Virgins, is related by a Roman historian. A
actually in office. They were chosen between the ages of six and ten; for ten years they were employed in learning their du
rs they were employed in learning their duty; they remained in office for ten, and ten other years were employed in instruc
to the Italian capital. There it was placed in a stately temple built for the purpose, and a solemn festival, called Megale
on. The Persians had brought with them a great block of Parian marble for the trophy which they intended to erect in honor
ollo is seated in their midst. Ques. How have some writers accounted for the number of Muses? Ans. They say that in ancie
ddesses. Thamyris [Tham′yris], a musician of Thrace, was struck blind for the same offence. Chapter XX. Gods of the Wood
transformation, and was much grieved. He took some of the reeds away for a remembrance. On applying them to his lips, he f
ppose Terminus to be a person, but only used the name as another term for justice, which forbids any one to trespass on ano
arlands on festivals, offerings were laid upon them, and it was death for any one to remove one. When Constantine embraced
converts in that city, the people were very indignant; in their zeal for their goddess they ran about the streets for the
indignant; in their zeal for their goddess they ran about the streets for the space of about two hours, crying, “Great is D
born with the tree, flourished and died with it. This belief lingered for a long time amid the German forests, as also the
upon her fainting steps. In this extremity, Arethusa prayed to Diana for relief, and was immediately dissolved into a foun
ry form, and sought to mingle his current with hers, but Diana opened for her a passage under the sea, and she rose in the
resented? Ans. As standing upright in a chariot made of a sea-shell; for a sceptre, he holds a trident, that is, a fork wi
hom a remarkable circumstance is related. The sisters had but one eye for their common use; each one wore it in turn, in th
ther, he snatched it from her, and left all three in darkness. Ques. For what was Proteus remarkable? Ans. For his power
all three in darkness. Ques. For what was Proteus remarkable? Ans. For his power of transforming himself instantaneously
ad bold and stirring strains to entice the ambitious, softer melodies for the lovers of pleasure, and with still different
d the fatal coasts in safety. Orpheus overcame them in their own art; for he sang the praises of the gods, accompanying him
that Charybdis was a very ravenous woman, who stole Hercules’s oxen. For this theft, Jupiter struck her dead with a thunde
s of reason. The king, in his frenzy, took the queen and her children for wild beasts, and pursued them through the palace.
se who had not been buried with funeral rites, were obliged to wander for a hundred years by the gloomy waters of Avernus,
h, he was deprived of nectar, and excluded from the table of the gods for a year and nine days. Lethe was also a river of H
ily upon him to keep him down. Briareus was another giant, remarkable for having fifty heads and a hundred hands. According
f Mars. He boasted falsely that he had gained the affections of Juno. For this insolence Jupiter cast him down into hell, w
ey are called. They all murdered their husbands on the wedding night, for which crime they are obliged to draw water from a
Salmo′neus]? Ans. Salmoneus was king of Elis, and was cast into hell for imitating Jupiter’s thunder. Ques. What became o
the three Balearic Islands, now known as Ivica, Minorca and Majorca. For this reason, he was said to have three heads and
ve the head and neck, but the sand which has been gathering around it for so many centuries, is now cleared away. The body
icordia, or Mercy, had an altar at Athens This was a public sanctuary for the unfortunate, and it was unlawful to take any
. She desired to repair this public affront by some memorable action. For this purpose, she built, in the Via Longa, a temp
the Romans. In ancient times, certain days in the year were set apart for her worship. Her emblems were a bowl and a serpen
hated him on his mother’s account, and resolved upon his destruction. For this purpose she sent two monstrous serpents to k
n carefully instructed by the Centaur Chiron, and he was now equipped for his labors by the liberality of the gods. He rece
two giants, when, his arrows becoming exhausted, he prayed to Jupiter for aid. The god sent down a shower of great stones,
keep a festival, and to offer sacrifice in honor of his victory, sent for a splendid robe befitting the occasion. Deianira’
d his command. He received the bow and arrows of Hercules as a reward for this service. While the pyre was blazing, Jupiter
continue in the government, persuaded him to undertake an expedition for the recovery of the Golden Fleece. Jason, with so
ch he had made. Ques. What else is related of Medea? Ans. She lived for some time happily with Jason, upon whom she confe
ecrepit father to the vigor and beauty of youth. Jason was ungrateful for these benefits, and divorced Medea in order that
s from this dreadful tribute, and when the lots were about being cast for the fourth time, he offered himself as one of the
usual under black sails, which Theseus promised his father to change for white, in case of his returning victorious. When
courage and generosity of Theseus that she resolved to save his life. For this purpose she gave him a ball of thread which
im, and found his way out by the thread. The whole band then embarked for Athens. Ques. What became of Ariadne? Ans. She
th regard to the color of his sails, and Ægeus, who watched every day for his son’s return, saw the black sails in the dist
in Italy and Sicily, Arion desired to return to Corinth, and embarked for this purpose at Sarentum, taking with him the ric
rry his lifeless body to land, and give it sepulture. If he cared not for this, he must immediately cast himself into the s
e, but begged that he might die as became a bard, after having played for the last time upon his lyre, and sung his own dea
but they desired to hear so famous a minstrel; music had charms even for their rude hearts. Arion attired himself in festa
arshly. This conduct brought upon Atlas the calamity which he feared; for Perseus, indignant at so much inhumanity, showed
trees, but they proved unfaithful, and frequently plucked the apples for themselves. Juno sent, therefore, a terrible drag
her by transforming himself into a shower of gold, which we may take for a poetical manner of saying that he bribed the gu
scene of discord and bloodshed. The head of the Gorgon again procured for Perseus an easy victory. He warned his friends to
], who advised him to procure, if possible, the winged steed Pegasus. For this purpose, he directed him to pass the night i
female warriors, and destroyed a party of Lycians, who laid an ambush for him on his return. Jobates perceived from these e
ained? Ans. It is supposed that Deucalion and Pyrrha were remarkable for their piety and virtue; and that by precept and e
[Dæd′alus]? Ans. He is said to have been a native of Athens, eminent for his skill in architecture and statuary. His nephe
ll, and keeps to low coverts, avoiding high places and lofty flights. For this murder, Dædalus was sentenced to banishment
Areopagus [Areop′agus]. He found an asylum with Minos, king of Crete, for whom he constructed the famous Labyrinth. Having
means of escape, he resolved on attempting a flight through the air. For this purpose, he made wings for himself and his s
attempting a flight through the air. For this purpose, he made wings for himself and his son Icarus [Ic′arus], which were
m weather. The large sponge-like ball which was taken by the ancients for the floating nest of the halcyon, was in reality
nders on the spot. As Althea was going to the temple to return thanks for her son’s victory she beheld the bodies of her mu
. Mestra replied that she had seen no one, and he proceeded to search for the fugitive elsewhere. She then resumed her own
ell pleased to find that he had still both his daughter and the money for which he had sold her. He again resorted to this
lace, or even the exact era in which he lived. Seven cities contended for the honor of having given this great poet to the
he more probable. According to the account generally given, Homer was for many years a schoolmaster in Smyrna. He afterward
e finest productions of human genius. Homer is distinguished not only for his sublimity, but for the high moral tone which
human genius. Homer is distinguished not only for his sublimity, but for the high moral tone which pervades his works. Qu
cted in Italy during the civil wars; Virgil hoped to revive the taste for rural pursuits, by his beautiful descriptions of
d every advantage that splendid capital afforded. He showed his taste for poetry at an early age, but was dissuaded from cu
sparkling with the hoar frost and flakes of snow. Such was the abode for which the poet was compelled to exchange the thea
cian forces during the siege of Troy. The combined fleet was detained for a long time at Aulis, owing to the wrath of Diana
cording to one account, his mother designed to make him immortal, and for that purpose anointed him with ambrosia during th
spoil of Hector, and it was upon this occasion that Vulcan fabricated for the hero, the famous suit which is described in t
s and supplications of Priam, and a truce was granted to the Trojans, for the performance of the funeral rites. Achilles wa
reece, a suitor of the beautiful Helen. Believing that he had no hope for success among so many competitors, Ulysses asked
, to join the expedition against Troy, but he never forgave Palamedes for having exposed his stratagem. The manner in which
part which he took in carrying off the Palladium of Troy. As a reward for his services, he received the armor of Achilles,
hips of the hero were overtaken by a storm which drove them southward for nine days, and as many nights, until they reached
e should dismiss Ulysses, and provide him with all that was necessary for his homeward voyage. The goddess reluctantly obey
furnished, and Ulysses departed from the island. He sped prosperously for some days, and was almost within sight of land, w
n cast, received him kindly, and fitted out a ship in which he sailed for Ithaca. Ulysses was asleep when the vessel touche
h they sailed away. Neptune was so much displeased with the Phæacians for aiding Ulysses, that, as their vessel was returni
bor. The arrival of the hero could not have occurred more opportunely for the deliverance of his wife, the faithful Penelop
hundred nobles of Ithaca and the surrounding islands, became suitors for the hand of Penelope; she however still cherished
hich she was engaged. They agreed to wait, and Penelope deceived them for a long time, plying her needle diligently during
undoing the greater part of her work at night. This device succeeded for three years, at the end of which time the suitors
itions were accepted: and it was on the very eve of the day appointed for the contest, that Ulysses landed in Ithaca. It wa
hat Ulysses landed in Ithaca. It was necessary to conceal his return; for this purpose the hero disguised himself as a begg
id of Minerva, so changed his whole appearance that it was impossible for any one to recognize him. In this character he wa
distress of Penelope. Telemachus, the son of Ulysses, had been absent for a long time in search of his father. He had visit
etings, the two heroes consulted as to what measures they should take for the punishment of the suitors, and the deliveranc
e so far as to strike the disguised hero. At length, the time arrived for the contest of skill which was to decide the fate
arrow sped unerringly through all the rings; he then exclaimed, “Now for another mark!” and aimed a second shaft at the mo
a memorable contest of friendship, each desiring to sacrifice himself for the other. Pylades at length yielded to Orestes,
city, and that he could at best only postpone the ruin of his country for a little time. Not discouraged by this, he perfor
th, and raise Troy from its ruins. Diligent search was therefore made for the child, who had been concealed by his mother i
ording to Greek superstition, the souls of the unburied were excluded for a hundred years from the Elysian fields. Antigone
, than she resolved, at whatever hazard, to perform the funeral rites for Polynices. She succeeded in approaching the corps
on the bare earth To lie unburied, that, indeed, might grieve me; But for this deed I mourn not.” … Chapter XXXVII. Æn
ettlement in Italy. Æneas obeyed, and made the necessary preparations for departure, disregarding the tears and reproaches
years as she had grains of sand in her hand; but as she forgot to ask for health and youthful bloom, this long life proved
three of the volumes. Returning soon after, she asked the same price for the remaining six books; and when Tarquin again r
ed three more, and still persisted in demanding the same sum of money for those that were left. This extraordinary conduct
dona were carefully preserved in the public archives; their reverence for the oracle did not, however, prevent them from ac
in the latter case they were immediately versified by poets employed for that purpose. Many remarkable oracles are recorde
part of the ruins of the ancient city. Ques. Who was Trophonius, and for what was his oracle remarkable? Ans. Trophonius,
end, when the edifice was finished, they asked the god to reward them for their labor. Apollo promised that he would recomp
barren waste of sand where his whole army was in danger of perishing for want of water. He called on Jupiter for aid, and
my was in danger of perishing for want of water. He called on Jupiter for aid, and a ram suddenly appeared, which guided th
to Hercules. They were revived by Iphitus, king of Elis, who obtained for them the solemn sanction of the Delphic oracle. T
re they were allowed to enter as competitors. It is almost impossible for us to realize the importance attached by the Gree
native city, not by the gate, but through a breach made in the walls for his reception. Banquets were given to him by his
ascended far up on the slope of the hill. Round the concavity, seats for an audience of thirty thousand persons arose, ran
portico adorned with statues and surmounted by a balustraded terrace. For the convenience of entering and leaving, the tier
to the portico above. The lower seats, being more conveniently placed for seeing and hearing, were esteemed the most honora
eing and hearing, were esteemed the most honorable, and were reserved for the high magistrates, the priests and the Senate.
rnally a palace-like mansion, and containing within withdrawing rooms for the actors, and receptacles for the stage machine
d containing within withdrawing rooms for the actors, and receptacles for the stage machinery. When the nature of the play
ich they entered; that in the centre of the proscenium being reserved for royalty. Wonderful effects were produced by the u
ded from beneath the stage, where there were appropriate contrivances for their introduction. When it was necessary to conc
, when he was waylaid by two robbers. The unhappy bard called in vain for aid; no human help was near; but his last, despai
which they brought with them. When different dramatic poets contended for the prize of excellence, they generally presented
res free to all? Ans. No; each person was obliged to pay a small sum for admission. When Pericles wished to gain the favor
here are still in existence busts taken from it, which are remarkable for their calm majesty of expression. The material wa
ornaments were pure gold. This circumstance is sufficient to account for the destruction of the statue. It was executed fo
ficient to account for the destruction of the statue. It was executed for the temple of Jupiter at Olympia, which was worth
lory on the administration of Pericles. It existed in its full beauty for more than a century after his death. It was first
e form and attitude are perfect, but the face is particularly admired for its expression of majesty and power. Ques. Descr
d with different emblems. The mysterious rites of Isis became a cloak for much secret vice, and were repeatedly forbidden a
ual ferocity, and became harmless. A temple, two chapels, and a court for exercise, were assigned to this god, whose food w
building “the high places of Baalim, to burn their children with fire for a holocaust to Baalim.” This text shows the exten
ldren to Moloch, by passing them through fire. Solomon built a temple for his worship on the Mount of Olives. Later human s
besmear’d with blood Of human sacrifice, and parents’ tears; Though, for the noise of drums and timbrels loud, Their child
, and the festivals celebrated in her honor, there is some foundation for this idea. Where human sacrifices were offered to
s. Thammuz. Ques. Who was Thammuz? Ans. This was another name for Adonis, whose story is of Eastern origin. His dea
m which the river Adonis flows to the sea. The Assyrian women mourned for him in the autumn-time. It was believed that at t
hat he saw women sitting by the north gate of the temple, who mourned for Adonis. (In the Hebrew, Thammuz.) Oannes.
iven to the true God. Ahriman, on the contrary, uses all his energies for evil; and is, in all respects, considered as a so
Brahma. This belief makes many of the Hindoos afraid to kill animals for food, lest they may possess human souls, and be p
Ques. Was Buddhism tolerated by the Brahmins? Ans. It appears that for several centuries it was, and that it extended to
. Ques. Is Buddhism common in India? Ans. No; after being tolerated for a long time, a fierce and continued persecution w
widowed mother. At her death he retired, according to Chinese custom, for the appointed three years of mourning. During thi
uch doctrine, nor does he ever speak of any future reward as a motive for virtuous actions. Filial piety and other social a
social and domestic virtues are strongly inculcated. It would be well for the Chinese of the present day, if their conduct
l as to the souls of their ancestors, constitute an external religion for official persons and literary men. There seems to
eep up their numbers they buy young children, who may be had in China for a few sapecks, and these are trained for the serv
ren, who may be had in China for a few sapecks, and these are trained for the service of Buddha. These Bonzes have sunk so
any traces of its former magnificence, and is particularly remarkable for a triple statue of Buddha. There are three gigant
ransmitted by oral tradition only? Ans. This must have been the case for a long time; as the oldest of the Eddas was compi
t is set before him, as he himself stands in no need of food. Mead is for him both food and drink. Ques. How is Odin’s nam
mead, which they drank from the skulls of their slaughtered enemies. For pastime, they fought, and cut one another to piec
e to a modest reserve. He was much surprised, however, to see her eat for supper eight salmons, besides a full grown ox and
n so much occupied by her approaching nuptials that she had not eaten for many days. When Thrym was startled by the fiery e
s adornment; and Loki, willing to punish her vanity, and always ready for mischief, found means to cut off her hair while s
his sight was so keen that he could distinguish the smallest object, for a thousand leagues around, even in the darkest ni
ines of the world. Heimdall was not permitted to marry, lest any care for wife or children might interrupt his unceasing wa
concerning him inspired such terror in Asgard that it was not lawful for any god to pronounce his name. Hodur seems to hav
ions. Then Frigga came, and asked, who among them would show his love for her, and for Baldur, by procuring the deliverance
igga came, and asked, who among them would show his love for her, and for Baldur, by procuring the deliverance of the hero.
n of Odin, offered to repair thither, and pay to Hela a mighty ransom for the return of his brother Baldur. He set out, the
n’s horse Sleipnir, which had eight legs and could outstrip the wind. For nine days, and as many nights, the hero rode thro
preferred his petition to Hela. He offered any ransom she might name for Baldur’s return, assuring her that heaven and ear
eturn, assuring her that heaven and earth resounded with lamentations for the hero. Hela would take no ransom, but wished t
,” said she, “all things in the world, both living and lifeless, weep for him, then shall he return; but if any one thing r
ep for him, then shall he return; but if any one thing refuse to weep for him, then shall he be kept in Hell.” On hearing t
clamation throughout the world, beseeching all created things to weep for Baldur’s deliverance. All complied with this requ
and animals, all, even to the savage beasts of the forest, shed tears for the hero. The trees and plants shed crystal drops
caverns and the clefts of rocks. They were particularly distinguished for their knowledge of the mysterious powers of natur
others employed to win love, etc. In later times, the runes were used for inscriptions, of which more than a thousand have
speaking. It would, therefore, seem to signify those who speak of or for God. Ques. Where did Druidism prevail? Ans. In
known to the rude tribes of Gaul and Britain, and they were, perhaps for this reason, the more susceptible to its influenc
and other plants had also their distinct ceremonial. Amber was valued for certain mysterious properties; it was manufacture
they received it from the early Greek colonists. Writing was employed for ordinary affairs, whether public or private, but
re often attended with much bloodshed. The Arch-druid held his office for life. Ques. Who were the Druidesses? Ans. They
arily to the altar, either to propitiate the gods, and obtain victory for their people, or because they were weary of life,
in darkness. The flame was seen at Tara, and the Druids called loudly for the punishment of the sacrilegious strangers. The
of those who had died during the year, were obliged to repair thither for judgment. Connected with this, Procopius relates
n by a ghostly band. The terrified pilot has no need of helm or sail, for the barks are borne westwardly with incredible ve
nary was a native of Ireland, where Christianity had been established for nearly a century. Ques. What traces still remain
ey are upright blocks of stone, often terminating in a point; and are for the most part rough and unshapely; the ordinary h
n weird procession to bathe in the waters of the Northern Ocean. Then for a few brief moments the stars look down on the ri
corn was as much as a man could carry. The dyer’s art was not needed, for the cotton took, as it grew, the richest and most
lexion, long, dark hair, and a flowing beard. They looked confidently for the return of the benevolent deity, and this trad
deity, and this tradition had no small influence in preparing the way for the future success of the Spaniards. It is eviden
tec paradise, like the Elysium of the Greeks and Romans, was reserved for their warriors and heroes. In this class were inc
dle classes received their education. These schools, as well as those for boys, directed by the priests, were under the str
he law prescribed that any surplus, beyond what was actually required for their support, should be distributed among the po
introduced by the Aztec conquerors, whose wars were often undertaken for no other purpose than to procure victims for thei
rs were often undertaken for no other purpose than to procure victims for their altars. Ques. Were these sacrifices numero
customary to preserve the skulls of the victims in buildings erected for the purpose. One hundred and thirty-six thousand
ere observed. A year before the sacrifice, a young man, distinguished for grace and beauty, was chosen from among the capti
and the desecrated shrine offered an inexhaustible supply of material for the erection of other buildings. Fields of maize
ter had won much glory in the Persian war, and now, while interceding for his brother he dexterously dropped his mantle so
r him with a tortoise in his claws, mistook the bald head of the poet for a stone. The bird dropped the tortoise for the pu
the bald head of the poet for a stone. The bird dropped the tortoise for the purpose of breaking the shell, and he was kil
t nations with whom he contended. We are indebted to the Commentaries for almost all the accurate information we possess wi
the poet, the Athenians begged that his body might be sent to Athens for interment. This request Archelaûs refused, and Eu
where the manners and customs of the people, and collecting materials for his great work. His account of the Persian war is
eat work. His account of the Persian war is full of interest, and won for him great popularity among his countrymen. Herod
Christian writer of the second century. He is principally celebrated for his “Apology for the Christians,” addressed to th
of the second century. He is principally celebrated for his “Apology for the Christians,” addressed to the Emperor Antonin
n of Caligula, but the exact date is not known. Juvenal is celebrated for his satires, in which he attacked the vices and f
Minister and favorite of the Emperor Augustus. He was distinguished for the wisdom of his counsels, and his rare abilitie
at his command, would probably have sacrificed both wealth and power for the common boon of sleep enjoyed by the meanest o
g waters procured a temporary alleviation. We are told, however, that for three years preceding his death, Mæcenas never sl
generally attributed to the Pelasgi. These structures are remarkable for the immense size of the stones of which they are
filled high offices under different emperors, and yet have found time for such a vast amount of composition. While still qu
most celebrated persons of the time, and are valuable and interesting for the information they convey with regard to public
ndly correspondence. It seems probable that they were intended rather for posterity, than for the persons to whom they were
It seems probable that they were intended rather for posterity, than for the persons to whom they were ostensibly addresse
ns of the great tragedian were deficient in the tenderness and pathos for which Simonides was particularly distinguished. T
ost celebrated of his epitaphs is the monumental inscription composed for the Spartans who died at Thermopylæ: “Stranger, t
the subject. When Hiero repeated his question on the morrow, he asked for two days. As he continued in this manner, doublin
old age, and Greek writers speak of him as the first who wrote verses for money. In this connection, we have a story which
hessaly, he was engaged by that prince to compose a poem in his honor for an approaching banquet. Whether Simonides found t
. Whether Simonides found the exploits of Scopas too barren a subject for his muse, or that his piety led him to introduce
is reward, the king gave him half the appointed sum, saying, that was for his part; for what related to Castor and Pollux,
king gave him half the appointed sum, saying, that was for his part; for what related to Castor and Pollux, they would no
ns. On being informed of the appearance of the young men who had sent for him — of their snow white steeds and shining armo
ur different occasions. Irreproachable in private life, distinguished for his skill in every manly exercise, and a rare exc
about the year 24, B. C. He spent many years in travelling, at first for his own gratification, and in the pursuit of know
e other through Ceylon. Titicaca. A lake in Bolivia, celebrated for the ruins of Tiahuanico on its shores. They stand
the time of its discovery. Varro . A Latin writer, celebrated for his extensive learning. He is said to have compos
11 (1833) Classic tales : designed for the instruction and amusement of young persons
but Psyche was perfectly innocent, and did not deserve to be punished for the folly of her father and mother; however, Venu
one day called to her the god of love, and said, “I have a commission for you, my son. You must descend to earth, to the pa
resolved to make her miserable. Now listen to what I shall tell you, for I must employ you to afflict Psyche.” “But why, d
at will vex her father and mother, and they will scold and insult her for her perverseness, and she will be very unhappy. A
some other minister of her will, who could not feel the same kindness for Psyche that he did; so, in order to learn how he
when I leave my dear father and mother, all my friends will be sorry for my departure; but I will go, and trust the gods t
nd a voice proclaimed that Psyche was the wife of him who claimed her for his bride. And from this time Psyche was content
indulged with the society of my sisters, I should be grateful to you for it” This request was very reasonable. Cupid could
d that her husband was asleep, she arose, and went into the next room for a lamp, which she had purposely placed there. Wit
oked with Psyche, and was determined to punish her severely. She sent for Mercury, who does the messages of all the gods, a
ked advice, and forgot her duty to one who loved her; but being sorry for her folly, may entreat mercy from the good gods.”
her, that she had never designed to offend her. She had, it was true, for a moment, harboured the thought of murdering her
man ready to convey you over; his name is Charon; give him the money, for your passage.” Psyche followed these directions,
and enveloped her like a cloud, and she fell down insensible. Happily for Psyche, Cupid was hovering near the spot where th
ution, and now that she had repented of her faults, and been punished for them, it might be hoped she would be as pure and
tter exhibited.” Ann. Have you any more stories like this of Psyche for me to read? Mother. Yes, I have many; and the ne
ght that Proserpine, so young and fair, would make an admirable queen for him, but he knew that her fond mother would never
fond mother would never consent she should go to his gloomy kingdom; for such, all who dwelt in in the cheerful light of t
ke Cyane; take it, it will become thy white bosom — but nay, not this for thee; I will give this to Cytheris; her hair is r
Cowslip and yellow primrose faded in April, but here is heart’s-ease for thee;” and Leontia took the heart’s-ease. “Here,”
cried Proserpine, is honey-suckle; this shall be thine Cyane. Wear it for my sake.” At that moment the sun was overcast, an
ades away; Farewell, lost Proserpina,” Were the last words of Cyane, for she was transformed into a fountain, and the youn
ll have a story of Ceres, and that will tell you how much she grieved for her daughter. Ann. Did any person ever believe t
means the rapid, sudden, or hurried conveyance of her. The Search for Proserpine. Ceres returned to her home, expec
d by her beloved daughter; but no daughter awaited her. Where to look for her, the distracted mother knew not. She went to
na, and, lighting a torch at its flames, resolved to search all night for the lost one — but her search was vain. The next
er Alpheus, the river-god saw, and pursued me. Diana opened a passage for me under the sea, when I fled from him, and emerg
flows beneath the bed of the sea, from Elis to this valley.2 I mourn for my guardian goddess and the wood-nymphs, my compa
r my guardian goddess and the wood-nymphs, my companions. I pity you; for , like you, I am deprived of those I love.” “Do yo
remain with Pluto. Becubo’s son. While Ceres was making search for Proserpine through Sicily, she seemed like a comm
emed like a common woman, and the peasants of Sicily did not take her for a goddess. It is related that one night she stopp
They make a sort of pudding of it, called polenta. Becubo had polenta for the supper of herself and her little son, who sat
a. “Mother,” said Becubo’s son, “I am afraid there will be no polenta for my supper. Look at that greedy woman, who has jus
han you.” Ceres was more offended at the poor child than he deserved; for , to punish him, she threw in his face the content
to the destitute and wandering, and ought to be honoured and imitated for their liberality. Ann. I think Ceres was neither
neither just nor grateful, when she punished Becubo’s son so severely for so small a fault. She should have remembered his
d in the country about Athens, were thus forced to remove to the town for safety, and even there they were not protected fr
, found that he must call upon some other king to punish the robbers, for he was not able to do it himself. He sent all the
well pleased with Progne, the eldest, that he asked her of her father for a wife. Pandion granted his request, and Progne h
s and Loves, when they entered the bride’s apartment, fled in terror; for they perceived that the Furies, with their lighte
her amiable sister, Philomela. Progne lived happily enough in Thrace for a few years. She had a little boy, whom she named
is nurse, we should not be happy away from him. Will it not be better for me to go, and bring your sister hither?” Progne w
id he had come to ask a favour of him — it was to part with Philomela for the space of a year — to suffer her to accompany
t here, by the sad Ilyssus, your aged and solitary parent weeps daily for you — weeps that you do not walk by his side, nor
able. Go; but haste thee home again.” All things having been prepared for her departure, Pandion attended his daughter to t
when he saw Philomela, he preferred her; though he could not have her for a wife while her sister lived. Tereus did not exa
w, false wretch, they will sooner or later execute vengeance upon you for your perfidy.” Tereus was alarmed at these menace
she saw her husband returned without Philomela, and eagerly inquired for her. “She died on the passage, and we threw her i
igns to the old woman that she wanted a piece of cloth, and materials for embroidery She pitied the poor young creature, al
the old woman to carry it to the queen, who would give her some money for it. The hope of a magnificent reward induced the
ere about to commence, and the Bacchantes were already selecting kids for the sacrifices, weaving their thyrses with ivy, a
the sacrifices, weaving their thyrses with ivy, and forming garlands for their heads. Progne resolved upon engaging the Ba
ill they could reach her house; and the Bacchantes, touched with pity for the afflicted sisters, and more especially for Ph
tes, touched with pity for the afflicted sisters, and more especially for Philomela, attended them all the way thither. In
way thither. In those barbarous times, revenge, the returning of evil for evil, was thought to be right, so Progne resolved
r Mother Ann. This story would be agreeable enough if it were not for the unhappy end of it, and the bad actions it des
ed to kill him, because their father loved him; and they did sell him for a slave; and they told lies to their father, pret
ring men. The two gods, when night was approaching, looked about them for supper and lodging. They knocked at many doors, b
one back to Olympus, to the golden beds4 which Vulcan had constructed for them, if a poor cottage had not attracted their n
ind indifferent cheer, but you shall be welcome;” and waving his hand for them to pass, they stooped their heads a little,
rden, and plucking some coleworts, a sort of cabbage, brought them in for Baucis to cook for supper. Having selected the be
some coleworts, a sort of cabbage, brought them in for Baucis to cook for supper. Having selected the best of these, she dr
uring into them some water gently warmed, gave her guests each a bath for his feet, which were soiled with dust; and after
hes on the floor, and covered them over with old garments, as a couch for the guests. This done, she took out the supper ta
d 6 goose — nobody knew how old she was — had served them as a sentry for forty years. They kept no dog, and the goose’s lo
ds,” he said, addressing himself to Baucis and Philemon, “I thank you for your hospitality. We, for my companion is no othe
imself to Baucis and Philemon, “I thank you for your hospitality. We, for my companion is no other than the god Mercury, so
you will; whatever your modest wishes desire, Providence has in store for you.” They looked at each other, and withdrawing
hless Baucis to the sepulchre.”7 Jupiter granted their request, and for a few years they dwelt in the precincts of his te
hey had no glass windows in their cottage, as I suppose they had not, for their room was dark till the fire blazed. Mother
Jupiter and Mercury visited Baucis and Philemon, the people took them for Jupiter and Mercury. Read the 14th chapter of Act
ts, and you will come to the narrative. Ann. (Takes the Bible, looks for the passage, reads it to herself, and then aloud
r. (Her mother gives her a book, and Ann reads.) “Thou wast not born for death, immortal bird!    No hungry generations tr
me song that found a path    Through the sad heart of Ruth, when sick for home,       She stood in tears amid the alien cor
al of that goddess. Minerva was honoured by young girls particularly, for she was skilful in embroidery, in spinning, and w
ughter of Cecrops, the first king of Athens. Gods liked mortal ladies for wives, as has been shown in the history of Psyche
ry of Psyche. As soon as Mercury saw Herse, he determined to have her for a wife, and immediately descended the king’s hous
ldest daughter of Cecrops, was at home. It was a custom in those days for the eldest daughter of a family to be married the
our my suit?” Aglauria replied, “those who ask favours of me must pay for them. My sister will soon return from the temple,
ce, which is the love of money. Minerva determined to punish Aglauria for these odious vices, so she sought out Envy, who w
princess had thrown herself down upon her couch, vexed and mortified; for when she promised to admit Mercury to her sister,
and mortified; for when she promised to admit Mercury to her sister, for a sum of money, the god only answered by looking
f their city. Ann. Did he call it Athens? Mother. No. It was called for him, Cecropia; but the name was altered afterward
e brought men, women, and children, to settle in Greece. He made laws for them, and for the people whom he found in Attica,
women, and children, to settle in Greece. He made laws for them, and for the people whom he found in Attica, so that distr
his attributes. He assisted thieves and orators, and carried messages for the gods; such was his function, or business. Do
tell you what the prophet told Lyriope, I will give you his history, for you may read of him again. Tiresias was considere
The people of Thebes, and some from distant places, would come to him for advice; and he would tell them what to do when th
vice; and he would tell them what to do when they could not determine for themselves, and make peace between those who quar
ld not settle it, so they went to Tiresias, and said he should decide for them. Tiresias heard what each party had to say,
ias blind; but the father of the gods pitied him, and made him amends for the loss of sight. He conferred upon him the gift
repeats the last word which she hears. The nymphs, vexed at Narcissus for his unsocial behaviour toward them, prayed the go
ial behaviour toward them, prayed the gods to torment him with a wish for something which he should never be able to obtain
refuse to enjoy what they have, often afflict themselves with longing for what they cannot get. This was the punishment the
cool and refresh himself. The water was smooth and limpid, and in it, for the first time, Narcissus saw his own person refl
ll the most beautiful animal they had ever seen. Europa wove a wreath for his horns, and he knelt down beside her, and utte
om Asia to the continent opposite, which was afterward called Europe, for Europa. Agenor, when he heard of the strange disa
f Europa, was very much grieved, and he sent his son Cadmus to search for her. Cadmus could not find Europa, and he did not
t he did not know where to fix himself till he had prayed to the gods for instruction. The oracle told him, before he shoul
now alone; and he could not build a city alone, nor find inhabitants for it. Grieved and perplexed, he stood pondering on
Ann. Your account makes the story of Cadmus quite plain. I thank you for it. Mother. It requires attention and thought, t
. Mother. The grove consecrated to Diana, I suppose, was a bath kept for the use of females only, and it was improper that
diculous, and drove him into the wood, where some dogs, mistaking him for a stag, fell upon him and killed him. Ann. The y
e’er would issue from the gates Of Pluto strong, and stem Proserpina, For them with marking eye he lurks; on them Springs f
who had offered an insult to Latona, the mother of Apollo and Diana. For this offence he was sentenced, by the judges of t
ntalus, who had caused his son Pelops to be murdered. As a punishment for this crime, he suffered incessant hunger and thir
rning wheel. He had pretended that Juno preferred him to Jupiter, and for this falsehood was sentenced to the eternally rev
gs. But envy not his happiness; his enjoyments are of short duration, for the fell Tisiphone shall drive him to madness and
world below. But the just judges of the dead will recompense Athamas for all the evil that you and the foul Tisiphone can
ng is a prayer that God would bestow some good upon the person prayed for . The Orgies. In ancient times, when person
ied to interrupt their frantic rites, and persevered in them the more for his prohibition. When Pentheus learned that the B
, but she could not restore life to the dead. Cadmus grieved bitterly for the undeserved death of Pentheus. One of the Gree
th of Pentheus. One of the Greek poets thus describes his lamentation for him: “Dearest of men! for thou, though now no mo
Greek poets thus describes his lamentation for him: “Dearest of men! for thou, though now no more, Shall yet be numbered ’
yrsus became shocking to her, and she never went near mount Citheron; for there the recollection of her murdered son, and o
of Pentheus. Cadmus was an affectionate old man, and a generous one, for he had given a kingdom to his grandson. Mother.
e detested drunken revels, and he respected age. Mother. His respect for his old grandfather was an excellent quality. How
r loved and pitied the poor young prisoner, and metamorphosed himself for gods could take what shape they pleased, into a s
flowed afresh. Dictys saw the affliction of Danæ, and it grieved him, for he had a compassionate heart. “Young stranger,” s
s expecting her husband, but was much surprised at the sight of Danæ, for she had never, in her life, seen a lady so dresse
of Polydectes, and told him her story; he immediately sent a chariot for her, and she and the young Perseus were removed t
an’s hut, she thanked the fisherman and his wife over and over again, for all their goodness; and hoped, she said, that one
hose of Seriphus, who thought beauty and strength very fine qualities for a king: but Polydectes was weak, and old, and ill
rhaps he will, that he may be king himself. But I will be too cunning for him. If I should kill him, my subjects would kill
were turned to stone. Perseus proposed to cut off the head of Medusa for Polydectes. This would be a great achievement, an
lose his life by his foolhardiness, and he should thus get rid of him for ever. Polydectes, however, was mistaken in this e
d in the palace court of Atlas, king of the country. Atlas was famous for his great wealth. To him belonged innumerable doc
Juno or the Nereides. Neptune, as god of the sea, had a great regard for the Nereides. They were fifty daughters of the se
now called coral. ——— Perseus, in token of his gratitude to the gods, for the deliverance of Andromeda, erected three altar
and her parents consented to this request, and preparations were made for the wedding. On the appointed day, a marriage pro
ead of Medusa, though I could not have travelled to her dwelling, but for the wings which Mercury lent me. When I reached t
formed into stone by the horrid visage of the gorgon” Perseus paused, for the sudden entrance of an armed man, followed by
in marriage; yet, regardless of their own promise, they did not wait for me to claim her, but have bestowed her upon you.
her. Perseus having restored his grandfather, departed with his bride for Seriphus. Perseus arrived in good time at Seriphu
tage of the fisherman. Perseus knew it was easy to punish Polydectes, for his base conduct, and he did not long delay. He h
ral games in honour of his father. At funeral games, it was customary for athletic men to try their strength in certain con
on: Mother and Ann. Ann. Mother, you say Polydectes hated Perseus for his fine qualities: because he was young and stro
sters, and Cinderella’s, in the fairy tale, who disliked their sister for being amiable and pretty. All that is very strang
is very strange. What do you call that feeling, the hatred of the bad for the good? Mother. It is called Envy. When we wis
ss or beauty, it makes us unhappy, and it makes us very disagreeable, for people see our bad disposition, and despise us. T
d; Auster, the south; and Zephyrus, the west I cannot give you a name for the east wind. The Pierides.       — “the
sealed and dry. “We have,” said she, “called the fountain Hippocrene, for our winged horse, Pegasus. He struck that spot wi
und to excel us, you may demand the delightful country of Emathia, as for as the snow-covered mountains of Pæonia.’ “We acc
ervile Egyptians cherished and worshipped them; and still they adore, for their sakes, the ox, the ibis, and the ichneumon.
t and the fragrant pea; and she it is who pours out the milky draught for his children, and bids the green herb spring up f
the milky draught for his children, and bids the green herb spring up for his flocks. Her gentle hand led him from caves an
e Muses) surpassed their rivals. Thus the trial ended, and we claimed for our own the district of Emathia. We then admonish
they are chattering in the trees which hang over the Pierian Spring, for so we sometimes call the fountain Hippocrene. The
twins, were bora. The Greeks held the island of Delos in high honour, for Apollo was their favourite deity, and they sent o
sufficiently expert at this exercise, he resolved to kill the Python, for its persecution of his mother. With a quiver full
. Ann. But how does this relate to Apollo? Mother. It was necessary for me to explain to you folly the term, or word asso
the form of a tripod was very fashionable among them. They used them for many purposes, and they were sometimes used to bu
h, it was stopped. Some excellent physician might have found a remedy for it; and then the disease was called a serpent, an
r admires and praises Shakspeare. That admiration of so many persons, for so long a time, is his fame; his undying or immor
k of a poet’s laurels, we mean his fame, or the admiration of mankind for him. Ann. It is what is called a metaphorical, o
n himself in the inmost recesses of his rocky dwelling, there to weep for the absence of his daughter Io, who had withdrawn
lly ended by begging of him to give her to her. Jupiter had ho excuse for denying this request, and was forced to give Io t
order to do this, she gave her in charge to Argus, a person renowned for his vigilance. Argus was said to have had an hund
ey speed their course over that majestic stream, shall pay her thanks for safety, and for gentle breezes. Mercury immediate
ourse over that majestic stream, shall pay her thanks for safety, and for gentle breezes. Mercury immediately obeyed his fa
ns are apt to boast of their own consequence; some commend themselves for their wealth and others for the importance and di
own consequence; some commend themselves for their wealth and others for the importance and dignity of their relations and
grant thee.” Phæton eagerly took advantage of this promise, and asked for one day to guide the chariot of the sun, which wa
he ocean. In this dreadful extremity, Terra (earth) prayed to Jupiter for protection; and he, propitious to her prayer, pre
he Thebans. At the time when the queen of Thebes uttered her contempt for the gods, it would seem without dread of their ve
endid retinue. “Thebans,” cried Niobe, “I have come among you in pity for your folly; how absurd is your homage to Latona,
your veneration? — the daughter of Tantalus, who once made a banquet for the gods — the sister of the Pleiades, and the gr
ple of the vengeance of the gods, the Thebans set about making amends for their impiety; they repaired once more to the sac
d to Latona. You know that when Earth refused her an asylum, Neptune, for her reception, raised the island of Delos from th
12 (1832) A catechism of mythology
street, of New York. Respected Madam, In dedicating to you a work for which I conceive it difficult to find, among the
t. The consideration, also, that this work, which is chiefly designed for the entertainment and improvement of the young, a
my youthful ardour into a public avowal of that esteem and affection for you which will always be cherished by Your much o
has so long been encumbered and defaced, and which are totally unfit for the eye of youth. The work also brings down the s
ancholy, serious, gay, ingenious, interesting, new — are the subjects for which she seeks with restless assiduity. How many
us subjects which are laid before him, the author would recommend him for farther information to the reading of Lempriere’s
when destitute of a knowledge of the true God, to worship some object for the blessings which he receives, the artifices of
y? Can the whole of the Grecian and Roman mythology be thus accounted for ?     What were the natural consequences of raisin
believe himself to be every where observed by some of those deities, for whom he was taught to entertain the highest vener
the heathen divinities serve the Greeks, and after them, the Romans, for their religion? As you have informed me that thei
was introduced in the absence of a true religion, assign your reason for that opinion? Did the Romans improve upon the myt
r and Juno at one birth, found means to hide Jupiter, and substituted for him a stone which Saturn devoured. Cybele, wishin
t brazen shields. Titan finding that the conditions were broken, sent for the Titans, who had each fifty heads and one hund
n a close prison, where they lay till Jupiter, being grown up, fought for them, and restored them to liberty. But before Ju
e-ascend his throne, he drove him from heaven. The dethroned king Red for refuge to Janus, king of Italy, who not only rece
is throne. — Italy was anciently called Latium or Saturnia. In return for this kindness, Saturn offered him his services. H
fulfil this promise? and what followed? Was Saturn grateful to Janus for this kindness? Why was Saturn called Stercutius?
remained constantly opened in time of war, and shut in time of peace. For this reason he was deemed the god of peace. The t
gil. Questions. Who was Janus? What return did dethroned Saturn make for this kindness? What was the peculiar province of
ertum, to which men were never admitted. Her favorite was named Atys, for whose death her mad priests commemorated her sorr
ele was daughter to a king of Phrygia; and that she left that country for Latium, where she married Saturn. It was she who
ed their fasces in token of respect. Their declarations were admitted for an oath. Vesta, as the goddess of fire, had no st
Vesta’s shape can e’er express, Or fires.” Obs. 1. — Vesta is taken for the elements of earth and fire, which is accounte
Vesta is taken for the elements of earth and fire, which is accounted for by two different deities of that name. Vesta’s fi
he nymphs, and by it they were favoured with every thing, they wished for . The shield with which he singly fought the giant
made of the skin of the dead goat, and was called Ægis, a Greek word for a she-goat. After a war of ten years continuance,
ch. Jupiter shared the universe with his brethren, Neptune and Pluto. For himself he reserved the jurisdiction of heaven an
’ eternal thunderer, sat enthron’d in gold; High heav’n the footstool for his feet he makes, And wide beneath him all Olymp
wing his father down into the infernal regions, may be thus accounted for : — Among the Greeks, countries in the east were c
s were nothing more than a family of princes, who acknowledged Saturn for their sovereign, but who afterwards revolted. In
to his brother Epinotheus, who being seduced by her beauty, chose her for his wife. The curiosity of Epinotheus was raised
had constructed, according to his father’s advice. The vessel floated for nine days, and at length rested upon the top of m
 4. — The story of Pandora’s box, was doubtless an attempt to account for the cause of that wonderful truth, which could no
trated their attempts, and Apollo and Neptune were cast out of heaven for the offence. This punishment did not reform Juno.
inalia, in which the Romans drank new and old wine, which served them for physic. The Romans gave thanks to Vitula, the god
m for physic. The Romans gave thanks to Vitula, the goddess of mirth, for mitigating the toils of life. Sentia was invoked
he same as Venus, and others as Proserpine. In her temple every thing for funeral purposes was sold or let. By her name is
rsuits of the river Alpheus. Ceres metamorphosed Abbas into a lizard, for using towards her opprobrious language; she punis
for using towards her opprobrious language; she punished Erisichthon for cutting down a grove sacred to her, with such ins
stival was Ambarvalia. Roman matrons annually celebrated her festival for eight days in April, when they abstained from win
rown’d. Let all the winds bend low at Ceres’ shrine; Mix honey sweet, for her, with milk and mellow wine; Thrice lead the v
the counsels of Ascalphus determined on Proserpine’s receiving Pluto for her husband; at which Ceres was dissatisfied, and
e, may be explained in two different ways. Proserpine was often taken for the moon, and one expressed by this fable, the ti
e of her mother Ceres. Obs. 3. — Allegorically, Proserpine may stand for the seed, and Ceres, for the fertility of the ear
bs. 3. — Allegorically, Proserpine may stand for the seed, and Ceres, for the fertility of the earth. The seed remains conc
he one of the Nemæn forest, killed by Hercules, whose skin served him for a mantle. 6. August, sign of Virgo (a virgin.) Du
he sun. Early in the morning, they prepare the chariot and the horses for their father, and open the gates of heaven. Ethes
Phaeton, the son of Sol, begged leave to drive the chariot of the sun for one day; but he found himself unequal to the task
rned into poplars — weeping amber, because they constantly shed tears for his death. Cygnus, his brother, died of grief, an
, Whate’er the circling seasons yield, Whatever buds, whatever blows, For thee it buds, for thee it grows. Nor yet art thou
cling seasons yield, Whatever buds, whatever blows, For thee it buds, for thee it grows. Nor yet art thou the peasant’s fea
yet art thou the peasant’s fear, To him thy friendly notes are dear; For thou art mild as matin dew, And still, when summe
and Phœba, or, according to Homer, of Saturn. Jupiter abandoned Juno for Latona, who brought him two children, Apollo and
to swear not to give her a habitation; but Neptune, out of compassion for her, made the island Delos immovable, which had p
. His son Æsculapius had been killed by Jupiter with his thunderbolts for raising the dead to life; whereupon Apollo killed
lops who forged them, and engaged with Neptune against his sovereign. For this double offence, he was banished from heaven.
hile others advance that Mercury gave him this instrument in exchange for the famous caduceus, or staff with which Apollo d
nto a violet. He changed into a cypress Cyparissus, who died of grief for the loss of his pet deer; his mistress Daphne int
m in music; and gave Midas, king of Phrygia, a pair of “asses’ ears,” for prefering Pan’s music to his. Jupiter, thinking t
er to Diana, from which circumstance we understand that they are used for the sun and moon; Nomius, because he fed the catt
eptiles; Actiacus, on account of the promontory of Actium, celebrated for the victory which rendered Augustus master of Rom
was imagined. Homer says that the children of Niobe remained unburied for nine days, at the end of which the gods themselve
f the plague, people durst not approach them. The Thebans, frightened for themselves, appeared insensible to the misfortune
A Greek prince by the name of Apollo, loved Clytia, and abandoned her for Leucothe. The despair of Clytia hurried her away,
atyr, and flayed him alive. The origin of this fable may be accounted for thus: before the invention of the lyre, the flute
his power of life and death. His killing the serpent Python is taken for the sun’s exhaling pestilential vapours; his feed
the sun’s exhaling pestilential vapours; his feeding Admetus’ sheep, for its sustaining all creatures by its genial warmth
aining all creatures by its genial warmth; his destroying the Cyclops for forging Jupiter’s thunderbolts, for its dispersin
armth; his destroying the Cyclops for forging Jupiter’s thunderbolts, for its dispersing those pestilential vapours which a
book in her left. She was thought to be the inventress of the guitar. For this reason she usually held a guitar in her righ
ee Fig. 12. Fig. 12. Clio. 2. Thalia had garments tressed up short for a free motion, wore the stock, and held a mask in
that mankind refine their intellect, and they are also indebted to it for their progress in knowledge. The name of the Muse
rom his kingdom all learned and wise men, and shut up public schools. For this he was generally despised, and when he died,
oddess of hunting. She devoted herself to perpetual celibacy, and had for her attendants sixty of the Oceanides and twenty
anciently deemed the very emblem of chastity. Obs. 2. — Diana stands for the moon. The appearance of the woods and mountai
that she was the goddess of hunting. The moon smiles upon the world, for which we allegorically take Pan. Diana is said to
his fiction, derogatory to Diana, is founded on the taste of Endymion for astronomy, and on his attentive observance of all
asleep, took him off from the island of Naxos with a view to sell him for a slave. They had already proceeded on their voya
hat they attracted the attention of the Roman senate, who passed laws for the abolition of the Bacchanalia. Alcithœ, a Theb
ere licentious, was changed into a bat; and Pentheus, king of Thebes, for ridiculing his orgies, was torn in pieces by the
nstrument of his miracles. Jupiter sends Iris to Bacchus, with orders for him to proceed to India and destroy an impious na
mbellish them. Arachne, a lady of Colophon, who was highly celebrated for her skill in works of tapestry, challenged Minerv
em, if it remained in their city. The oracle was religiously observed for a long time; but at last, Ulysses and Diomedes, h
e divine head before any other creature. Minerva allegorically stands for fortitude, long-tried virtue, deliberate courage,
ity then took the name of its tutelary divinity. Athens became famous for the excellence of its oils; its commerce much inc
e navigation of foreigners, corrected the propensity of the Athenians for piracy. To paint the origin of this reformation,
fference which had arisen between the sailors, who recognized Neptune for their chief, and the people, united with the sena
ld be preferred to the trade of pirates; it made wise and severe laws for securing the liberty of commerce. The poets conse
— The fable of Tiresias shows, that the truly wise man does not care for the common events of life, and is attentive to th
nstructed him in dancing and every other exercise. “And mighty Mars, for war renown’d, In adamantine armour frown’d.” Add
lence to Alcippe, the daughter of Mars, the offended father slew him. For this, Neptune summoned him to appear before an as
covery, transformed his favorite Alectryon into a cock, to punish him for not having warned him of the approach of the Sun;
victims were the horse, on account of his usefulness in war; the dog, for his acuteness in pursuit of prey; the wolf, for h
ness in war; the dog, for his acuteness in pursuit of prey; the wolf, for his ferocity and rapine; and the cock, for his vi
pursuit of prey; the wolf, for his ferocity and rapine; and the cock, for his vigilance to prevent surprise. Ravens, magpie
magination of the poets. They forsook the noble simplicity of history for the brilliant attire of poetry. They gave out, th
daughters of Jupiter and Themis, and was conducted to heaven. She had for her retinue Smiles, Graces, and Jests. Cicero re
Biblos; he instituted feasts in honour of Venus, called Orgies; and, for the purpose of watching over her worship, he form
Roman women, afflicted with the shedding of their hair, prayed to her for the re-growth of it; Cypris, because she was wors
alva, because the women in her temple converted their hair into ropes for engines, when Rome was pressed by the Gauls; Eryc
name signifies. The name of Cupid’s mistress was Psyche, a Greek word for the soul, to figure which her fable is a plain al
— The fables and accounts of poets in relation to Venus are obscure, for we find in them a medley of physics, morality, an
s represented as the goddess of pleasure; Cupid or Love was given her for her son, and all master-pieces which the arts and
this name? Were the actions of Venus praiseworthy? Relate her contest for the prize of beauty. What are the usual names of
ove shot its roots deep, and grew luxuriantly before they were fitted for conjugal happiness. They solicited the consent of
as made to separate their houses. But nothing is impregnable to love; for they regularly talked with each other through a c
a high place from which persons leaped into the sea to find a remedy for love. This place was, therefore, called “The Love
e bands which attach us to each other, and that we should be grateful for benefits and affectionate. The Graces were placed
and Juno, or some say, of Juno without a father. He resided in heaven for a considerable time, but having offended Jupiter
sovereign came, the Cyclops strove With eager speed, to forge a bolt for Jove, Such as by heaven’s almighty lord are hurl’
. Polyphemus. “The joints of slaughter’d wretches are his food, And for his wine he quaffs the streaming blood. These eye
’d Ulysses bore their fate, Nor thoughtless of his own unhappy state. For gorg’d with flesh, and drunk with human wine, Whi
ball with a flaming brand; Beneath his frowning forehead lay his eye; For only one did this vast frame supply, But that a g
Ovid. Obs. 1. — He who has furnished the poets with most materials for fable, is Mercury Trismegistus, or three times gr
ccounted the god of thieves, as well as the inventor of several arts; for he was sly, dissembling, crafty, and cunning. He
rable beings groping in nature’s darkness, has rendered it impossible for them to form just conceptions of a pure, spiritua
d to them the tremendous Typhon. They reserved their whole veneration for the waters of the Nile. They named this river Oce
torious. From that time nothing equalled the respect of the Egyptians for the Hydria, which they also called Canopus, their
princes who reign on the banks of this river, make their subjects pay for the right of bathing and drawing water from it. A
estiny that she would have a son greater than his father, he gave her for a wife to Peleus, who was father to Achilles. Que
pire of the sea. He engaged the gods to dethrone his brother Jupiter; for which offence, Neptune and Apollo were condemned
e, Neptune and Apollo were condemned to serve Laomedon, king of Troy, for one year, during which they built the walls of th
er of Oceanus and Tethys. A dolphin had persuaded her to take Neptune for her husband, notwithstanding her vow of celibacy.
alf man and half fish, blowing a wreathed sea-shell, which serves him for a trumpet with which to convene the water deities
h the lower parts of the body, like dogs, which never ceased barking: for which metamorphosis she threw herself into the se
said to have been an avaricious woman, who stole away Hercules’ oxen, for which crime Jupiter struck her dead with thunder,
rybdis? Chapter IV. Proteus. Proteus, an amphibious deity, had for his mother the nymph Phœnice. He was called Vertu
at Proteus was king of Egypt, about the time of the Trojan war, famed for wisdom, foresight, secrecy, cunning, and eloquenc
; but they durst not offer vows to that goddess, because they dreaded for their children the misfortunes which had overwhel
the waves, even during winter. The ancients had a superstition that, for fourteen days, from the 13th to the 28th of Decem
the groves and valleys. The meadows and fields acknowledge Limoniades for their proctors. Meliæ watched over the ash. Naide
es, and Thyades, were the nymphs of Bacchus. Diana had hunting nymphs for her attendants. Nereides attended upon Tethys. Ec
nymphs who are born and expire with trees? Whom do the mountains have for their rulers? What nymphs have dominion over the
groves and valleys? What nymphs do the meadows and fields acknowledge for their protectors? What appellation was given to t
ollo? By what names were the nymphs of Bacchus called? Whom had Diana for her attendants? What sea nymphs attended upon Tet
binds. This way and that, th’ impatient captives tend, And, pressing for release, the mountains rend. High in this hall th
the genius of the earth. No person, having great fear and veneration for his name, durst pronounce it in a high tone of vo
always inhabiting the bowels of the earth. He had Eternity and Chaos for his companions. Fig. 32. Demogorgon. Wearied w
th which burning matter he formed the sun, which he gave to the earth for her husband. These produced Tartarus and Nox. Dem
mysterious deity, whose name women only knew. This sacrifice, offered for the safety and prosperity of the Roman people, wa
plifted, in paternal glory rode Far into Chaos, and the world unborn; For Chaos heard his voice: him all his train Follow’d
e Greeks, under Jupiter Horius. Fig. 33. Terminus. Obs. — Respect for the sacred right of property, is necessary to sec
s would be stripped by strength, and lands would remain uncultivated; for it enables man to prosecute business with certain
Vertumnus is said to have been an ancient king of Etruria, celebrated for his love of the cultivation of gardens. Obs. 3.
reserves the seed in the ground? To what divinity did husbandmen pray for the protection of the corn during harvest? What g
st thing that could befall man,” he deliberately replied, “It is best for all never to be born, but being born, to die very
f the deep attention with which he meditated. The fondness of Silenus for wine, and his establishment of the orgies in Lydi
ordius, and king of Phrygia, with asses’ ears, will be thus accounted for : better to watch over the secret affairs of his k
ing him intelligence of every seditious word uttered by his subjects. For this conduct the discontented painted him with as
Who was Silenus? What favour did Bacchus confer upon Midas in reward for his kindness to Silenus? Who was Sylvanus? Cha
ch they imagined to be continually hovering over their former houses, for the purpose of protecting the inhabitants. Obs. 
drank, they danc’d they sung, made wanton sport, Enjoy’d themselves, for life they knew was short.” Horace. Questions. W
by the voice of every conscience and every people, that it is useless for mortality to wrestle with it. In all ages, philos
e the remembrance of their good actions. The respect of the Egyptians for the dead was carried so high, that they often pre
nd Lethe, so called from the forgetfulness which its waters produced; for those who drank of it, immediately forgot all pas
ude of ghosts flocked together, and loitered about in troops, waiting for a passage over the stream. Charon ferried them in
stream. Charon ferried them in the boat Barris over the Stygian lake, for which he charged them an obolus, a small brass co
the deceased. They could not enter the boat without a regular burial, for want of which they wandered one hundred years ami
the judges of hell. Adjacent to Pluto’s palace, was a field, prepared for the residence of infants. It was called the Field
of the poisonous waters of this fountain, removed them from his table for a year, and deprived them of divinity for nine ye
removed them from his table for a year, and deprived them of divinity for nine years. When they swore by the Styx, they wer
to, Proserpine, Plutus. Pluto, the son of Saturn and Cybele, had, for his share, the empire of the universe, and partic
on of Jasion and Ceres. He was educated by Pax; the goddess of peace; for which reason Pax was represented at Athens as hol
IV. “’Tis he, ’tis he: he comes to us From the depths of Tartarus. For what of evil doth he roam From his red and gloomy
g. 42. Fig. 42. Nox. Somnus, the god of sleep, had Erebus and Nox for his parents. His palace was a deep and gloomy cav
the mind, and dost unload The tired limbs of all their weariness, And for new toil the body dost refresh.” “Two gates the
ble images like these, — tender, touching, sublime — are the subjects for which vivid imagination fondly seeks as the theme
of their own, and their own sun they know.” “Patriots, who perish’d for their country’s right, Or nobly triumph’d in the
age no storms; the sun diffuses there His temper’d beams, thro’ skies for ever fair. There gentler airs, o’er brakes of myr
ce of woe, and Elysium, the blissful abode. Erebus was a general name for both. Probably the tradition of the terrestrial p
heads and one hundred arms each; their mouths belched out flames; and for legs they had serpents; and for claws, the feet o
their mouths belched out flames; and for legs they had serpents; and for claws, the feet of dragons. They were impudent en
ther. He had a collar of one hundred dragon-heads round his neck; and for his apparel, feathers, scales, shagged hair, and
, shagged hair, and adders. Snakes grew from the ends of his fingers; for his feet he had the folds of a serpent’s body; he
ree promontories, Pelorus, Pachynus, and Lilybæus. Typhon had Pelorus for his right hand, Pachynus for his left, and Lilybæ
chynus, and Lilybæus. Typhon had Pelorus for his right hand, Pachynus for his left, and Lilybæus for his legs. “He struggl
n had Pelorus for his right hand, Pachynus for his left, and Lilybæus for his legs. “He struggles oft, and oft attempts to
ning from afar: At fifty mouths his flaming breath expires, And flash for flash returns, and fires for fires; In his right
hs his flaming breath expires, And flash for flash returns, and fires for fires; In his right hands as many swords he wield
a passage out of the cave. Tityus attempted to offer Latona violence; for which he was cast down into hell, where, when str
ture in his open side Her crooked beak and cruel talons try’d; Still, for the growing liver digg’d his breast, The growing
spreads nine acres of infernal ground; Two ravenous vultures, furious for their food, Scream o’er the fiend, and riot, in h
e most agonizing and excruciating manner; others advanced as a reason for it, his having insulted Pluto by chaining Mors in
was permitted to come back to this world in order to punish his wife for this apparent neglect, under the promise, that he
d promised him a valuable present, because he had chosen his daughter for his wife; but his failure to fulfil his promise,
d his pardon from Jupiter, who promoted him to heaven. Such a favour, for which he ought to have been thankful, increased h
the following punishment: “Salmoneus suffering cruel pains I found, For emulating love; the rattling sound Of mimic thund
led and quartered his own son Pelops, and served up his limbs as food for them. All the gods were shocked at so horrible a
the gods were shocked at so horrible a repast; but Ceres, whose grief for the recent loss of his daughter Proserpine was de
to recall him to life, and gave him an ivory shoulder as a substitute for the one which Ceres had eaten. This Pelops, by Hi
s to marry the Danaides, fearing his brother would prove too powerful for him by the alliances which he might form from the
ere swollen. When arrived at manhood, he did not acknowledge the king for his father, but resolved to inquire after his par
r, and the caduceus. She had given her, by some, Venus and the Graces for her companions. — See Fig. 53. Fig. 53. Peace.
issensions in families. It was she who cast amid the banquet prepared for the nuptials of Peleus, the fatal apple, with thi
well known by name. Every painter has a right to take his imagination for his guide, when he wishes to represent him. — See
e son of Apollo, by the nymph Coronis. After his mother had been shot for her infidelity by Apollo, he was exposed on a mou
imal, and a cock, which is considered the most vigilant of all birds; for watchfulness was considered one of the most essen
hich was considered sacred, and called lucus. There were marked times for carrying presents, and making libations, to them.
grown up, he obtained from Mercury the adamantine scythe, with wings for his feet, and a short dagger of diamond, called h
e he was the murderer of Beller, king of Corinth. He was highly famed for his beauty and virtue. Antæ or Sthenobæa, wife to
hen she heard this. Bellerophon was so transported with this unlooked for fortune, that he attempted to fly on Pegasus to h
necessary to him. Perseus, on his return to Greece, thanked the gods for the success of his journey. He consecrated the pr
inotaur. Dædalus made the Cretan Labyrinth. Minos confined him there for some offence, upon which Dædalus made wings for h
os confined him there for some offence, upon which Dædalus made wings for himself and his son Icarus, with wax and the feat
ought the Centaurs, and exterminated two tyrants of Sicily, notorious for their crimes and barbarous actions. The first, ca
in pieces. The second, Sciron, delighted in precipitating passengers, for whom he laid snares, into the sea. Theseus is sai
into the infernal regions, to take away Proserpine from her husband; for which rash act, Pirithous was fastened to his fat
gave a regular and civilized form to the state. Some poets, in return for various benefits with which he had loaded them, a
ir necks, and crushed them to death. His twin brother Iphiclus, famed for his incredible swiftness, alarmed the house with
ame of Hercules was increased by the excellent education he received. For his tutors, he had Castor, who taught him pugilis
ted by them, proved mortal. He felt himself so much indebted to Iolas for this seasonable service, that when Iolas was trou
nearly fainted at the sight; or, as some assert, he concealed himself for some time in a brazen vessel. On his way to Eryma
idently slew his former preceptor Chiron, to whom the others had fled for protection. When translated to the skies, he took
e of Augeas, king of Elis, in which three thousand oxen had been kept for thirty years, and from which the filth had never
sibility. Augeas promised to give him the cattle, but broke his word; for which dishonourable breach, Hercules slew him wit
re-spitting Cacus, the son of Vulcan, from his den, and strangled him for having stolen some of his oxen. He shot the eagle
esented Dejanira with his tunic, stained with his blood, as a memento for love. Some time after, Hercules renewed his acqua
in his hand. At other times Cupid is described as wounding his heart for Omphale. — See Fig. 72. Fig. 72. Hercules. “
low creatures. In moralizing those fables, the ancients took Hercules for the strengh of reason and philosophy, which subdu
which subdues and conquers our irregular passions; and his marriage, for his great and noble actions, ever freshly bloomin
kind. Eurystheus allegorically represents the dictates of conscience; for which Virtue discharges her arduous functions. Om
xth labour? Describe his seventh labour. What reward was promised him for this servile task? What was his eight labour? Wha
fleece to Ætes, king of Colchis. The fleece was difficult of access; for it was hung up in the grove of Mars, guarded by h
ned as a pledge, sacred, divine, and of vital importance. Jason chose for his companions about fifty of the most noble and
t Æson died before their return. In a little time Jason abandoned her for Creusa, daughter to Creon, king of Corinth; but t
Theseus, who had stolen her, by vanquishing the Athenians who fought for him. Their clemency and humanity to the conquered
to them. Castor and Pollux had a famous temple in the forum at Rome; for it was thought that when the Romans waged a dange
way Hermione, daughter to Menelaus, who was first engaged to Orestes. For which reason the Furies demanded satisfaction for
engaged to Orestes. For which reason the Furies demanded satisfaction for his crimes, which he was ready to expiate by offe
o close and sacred was their friendship, that the one would have died for the other. In the worship of the goddess Diana Ta
gree, that she caused a calm, which rendered the Grecian fleet, bound for Troy, immovable. In this calamity they were infor
sits all at ease, With harp in hand, by which he calms the seas, And for his passage with a song he pays.” Questions. Who
crown. Priam was his son and successor. His name was a Phrygian word for ransomed because he was ransomed by the Trojans.
to resent the injury which Paris had inflicted on Menelaus, in return for his hospitality. This war was carried on to the d
octetes, and Nestor, regained their homes; but Ulysses wandered about for ten years before he returned to Ithaca. Questions
ns. Who was the first king and the founder of Troy? Whom had Dardanus for his successor? Who succeeded Erichthonius? By who
t the hazard of his life. He wandered about from one place to another for years, and after struggling through many difficul
bit of a merchant, took with him thither some goods, which he offered for sale. The young princesses turned their attention
, was king of Athaca. His wife was Penelope, a lady highly celebrated for her prudence and virtue. Not to part with her, he
son of Telamon, one of the bravest Greeks, in the presence of judges, for the arms of Achilles. The judges were so captivat
Ulysses, that he was dead, notwithstanding she had not heard from him for twenty years, yet her fondness for him continued
tanding she had not heard from him for twenty years, yet her fondness for him continued unabated, and her restless anxiety
yet her fondness for him continued unabated, and her restless anxiety for his safety and return, deeply impressed her count
ring his goodness of heart and his generosity, proposed to him to ask for any privilege he might choose. He demanded to hav
t their theology contained secrets of wisdom under enigmatical words. For instance; the inscription on the statues of Isis,
Europe, every where introducing the worship of the gods and a respect for the Supreme Being. Plutarch thus relates the sto
inundations of the Nile were occasioned by the tears which Isis shed for the loss of Osiris. Her worship was generally att
white shining spot, resembling the crescent of the moon. Were it not for these marks, no ox could be used as Apis. The fes
lected them into volumes, which were called “the treasure of remedies for the soul.” Questions. What names did the Egyptian
ome other nations. It inculcated a belief in one Supreme God, respect for parents and the aged, kindness to the rational an
l was placed in an elevated place, where he enjoyed perfect happiness for some time. At last, an evil being, called Ahriman
uty of producing a universal deluge, made his appearance. He is taken for a star or a sun. A conflict now ensued between th
resence in the subtle ether. The Persians did not form images of him; for they deemed it impious to do so, but venerated fi
ets. Mithras unceasingly labours to reclaim, purify, and qualify them for their primitive felicity. ————— Robed in purest
ahma, the parent of rational beings. After having remained in the egg for a long time, he divided it into two equal parts,
old aspect are but one,                   And changed is none In him; for change in Yamen could not be;                   T
is represented as holding in her hands the palmira leaf, and the reed for writing. She is called Durga, because she is cons
g besmeared with blood Of human sacrifice, and parents’ tears; Though for the noise of drums and timbrels loud, Their child
it was done with great labour and cost. It filled a space sufficient for 500 houses, and was surrounded by a wall of stone
riests of Mexico were numerous and rich. They were provided with land for their maintenance. Their duties were various. Som
hewers of wood and drawers of water.’ On the birth of a girl intended for the temple, her parents consecrated her to some g
on earth reflected. Sacred stones in the streets of Mexico were laid for this god to repose upon. These were set upon by n
ered, they danced before the image of the god. After this, they drank for a medicine some water which had been blessed by t
, veiled their various kinds of knowledge under the garb of allegory, for the sole purpose of conveying lessons of wisdom.
ng lessons of wisdom. But the people in general took these allegories for literal truths, until events or circumstances occ
isturb the public religion. It is, however, by taking the word of God for our guide, that we are happily delivered from the
turf, raised in the midst of fields, were the sole preparations made for the offering up of sacrifices. Enclosed places, c
be looked upon as a portable temple, was the first known, and served for a model to all others. This temple, carried by th
s they travelled, might have given them the idea of constructing some for themselves. The temple of Dagon among the Philist
ny ceremonies. Nothing could equal the respect which the ancients had for their temples. Arian says, that it was forbidden
Sometimes they entered them on their knees. They served as an asylum for debtors and criminals; in public calamities, the
insufficient to stop the plague, the furious people lost all respect for these sacred places, and profaned them. We shall
phantine, a city remote from Sais, twenty days’ journey. We may cite, for example, the famous chapel which Amasis had const
er. The most lofty room was also the most highly adorned, and the one for which the people had the greatest veneration. “In
s, that all Asia had concurred, and contributed to the building of it for two hundred and twenty years, and that two other
r allies, when they took and sacked the city of Pisa. This temple had for its architect, Libon, originally of the country.
tyons, with the treasures and gifts which the people had appropriated for this purpose. In order to form an idea of the ric
Hence, these offerings must have been multiplied almost without end, for nothing was refused; but almost all were anxious
Italy had no fewer temples than Greece. Many of them were remarkable for their magnificence or singularity. That of Jupite
to give it the form of the terrestrial globe; and in like manner, and for the same reason, many antique temples had this fo
falsehood cannot be eternally sustained. If one succeed in deceiving for a long time, some weak and credulous persons, he
r a long time, some weak and credulous persons, he does not commonly, for several ages, deceive a whole people. Were not, t
heroes, obtained this privilege. All days were not equally propitious for consulting the oracles. At Delphi, the Pythia did
ereby all the others were shaken, and sent forth a sound which lasted for some time. It was on this noise that future event
erive advantage from this homage paid to her. Soon her answers passed for oracles, and her celebrity became so great, that
e tripod, to conduct her to her abode, where it required several days for her to recover from her fatigues. Often a sudden
s necessary to have recourse to Trophonius, and directed them to seek for him at Lebadea. The deputies obeyed. Saon, the ol
g by the drought, and the reply of the Pythia, succeeded in obtaining for it general confidence. Chapter XII. Of other O
the envoys, but they durst hot punish them without judgment, and gave for their judges two priestesses and two men. The two
destroy the authority of the ancients, and especially that of Varro: for , in the first place, he adduces no proof that all
stess of Apollo. This god wished to render her sensible of his regard for her, and promised to grant her any request which
ars as there were grains of sand held in her hand; but, unfortunately for her, she forgot to ask, at the same time, to be a
ses to Tarquin the elder. It consisted of nine books. Herophile asked for them three hundred pieces of gold, which were ref
t three of them into the fire, and persisted in asking the same price for the remainder. Tarquin still refused to buy. The
three more, and continued to demand the three hundred pieces of gold for the three which remained. Tarquin, fearing that s
nsulted in the greatest calamities of the state; but it was necessary for a decree of the Senate to be passed in order to h
te having embraced Christianity in the time of Theodosius, veneration for them greatly diminished; and Stilicion annihilate
men, and sometimes between men and animals, the latter being trained for this purpose. They took place in the amphitheatre
en fleece, assembled the Argonauts in Æolis, to celebrate these games for the happy success of their voyage; and the people
voyage; and the people promised to re-assemble there every four years for that object. These games, however, were discontin
head of a certain Mimer, who, during his life, had a great reputation for wisdom. This man having had his head cut off, Odi
entor of Runic characters; but what most contributed to make him pass for a god, was the belief that he excelled in magic.
magnificence, a masterly address, and rare talents, could easily pass for a god in a country where nobody equalled him, and
born with vivid, prolific, and restless imaginations, and are greedy for the marvellous; and that their ardent passions se
ome, cemented this religious edifice; cruel punishments were reserved for those who should have despised these three fundam
Such are a few of the leading characteristics of that religion which, for several centuries, was adopted and practised by m
e father and creator of them. God, says the Edda , sees and governs for centuries, directs all that is high and low, grea
r creatures; and upon this belief was founded the veneration they had for Earth. They called her mother earth, the mother o
, and the mother of. all that exists. It was to her that they applied for marriage and happy deliveries. She dispensed plea
considered themselves under the safeguard of Thor; and the Swedes had for their tutelary god Freya, who, according to the E
, caused him to be dreaded. The Edda devoutly recommends to adore him for fear that he would do evil. Wherefore temples wer
ar that he would do evil. Wherefore temples were raised to his honor, for fear is the most superstitious of the passions.
ed to destruction, and to incline the victory to the side he pleases; for these courageous people took care not to attribut
times expressed in a style of sublime elevation. The reader can judge for himself of the resemblance it bears to sacred tra
nted more than that of the Celts to divine providence. This tenet was for them the key of all the phenomena of nature, with
ce of divinity over all creatures, the Celts considered it impossible for man to change the course of things, or to resist
imit of the life of a man could be put forward if some one should die for him. When some celebrated warrior or some prince
ore brilliant than the sun, and there the just will dwell and rejoice for centuries. Then the powerful and the valiant, and
obligation to serve the gods, and to be brave in battle. Were it not for that monument of the Icelandic mythology, which w
s. The Iceland mythology expressly distinguishes two different abodes for the happy, and as many for the guilty. The first
pressly distinguishes two different abodes for the happy, and as many for the guilty. The first was the palace of Odin, cal
ounds received in battle, were there healed by the trumpet’s sounding for the feast; and then the heroes quaffed the oil of
Nislheim, a mansion composed of nine worlds, and reserved principally for those who should die of sickness or old age. Hela
sever,     Shame from glory, ill from good; These shall live in light for ever,     Those shall wade the chilling flood. D
lains and on hills, are still found altars about which they assembled for sacrifices and other religious ceremonies. Three
rved to receive the blood of victims. Firestones were commonly found, for no fire except that of their altars, was consider
, for no fire except that of their altars, was considered pure enough for so holy a purpose. Sometimes these altars were co
ich this structure is composed, are very rare in the isle of Selande; for which reason they must have been transported a gr
thought that in order to honour deity more highly, they ought to make for him some prodigious efforts, and to consecrate to
found grottoes cut in the rock with wonderful patience, and intended for religious purposes. In proportion as the people o
mals appeased the wrath of the gods, and averted the strokes intended for the punishment of the guilty, sacrifices were rap
their destiny. The choice did not always fall on those of vile blood; for the more dear and noble the victim, the more high
t said: I devote thee to Odin, I send thee to Odin, or, I devote thee for a good crop, or, for the return of a good season.
to Odin, I send thee to Odin, or, I devote thee for a good crop, or, for the return of a good season. The ceremony was ter
rank whilst making his prayer or vow. Whatever horror we may now have for human sacrifices, it nevertheless appears by hist
o share his wants, become his ideal enemies. Hence arises that thirst for revenge, and that eagerness for the destruction o
eal enemies. Hence arises that thirst for revenge, and that eagerness for the destruction of his fellow man, which cannot b
fellow man, which cannot be quenched whilst he entertains no respect for justice, nor for the sacred rights of others: and
h cannot be quenched whilst he entertains no respect for justice, nor for the sacred rights of others: and hence too, those
the breast of the unfortunate victim of superstition, whilst pleading for his life, after having been stripped, by crime an
uncertain tradition. We have already observed, that most nations give for their founders, either gods or imaginary heroes.
f all virtues and all heroic sentiments. The kings were eager to take for their models the heroes of the poems imagined by
found in the poesies of Ossian that this sublime bard shows contempt for the temples and worship of Odin, god of the Scand
eat personages, it was believed that the souls of departed bards sung for three nights about his phantom. It was generally
might also find among them vestiges of the worship of the Phœnicians; for we have ample proof, that in very remote times, t
the world, brought their goods into Great Britain, and exchanged them for lead and tin. But we need not enter on farther pa
he only one that was generally adopted. We will now occupy the reader for a few moments by presenting what history and trad
e, is the origin of the profound respect which the Druids of Gaul had for those of England, whom they considered as their s
down. No one could approach them but with a religious respect, though for the purpose of adorning them with flowers and tro
e of adorning them with flowers and trophies. People could not employ for ordinary purposes, certain trees, even when they
clude it, nor statues represent it. The Gauls had the highest respect for lakes and marshes, because they thought that divi
ient Gauls had temples. “Those people,” says Tacitus , “have nothing for their temple but a forest, where they discharge t
emselves to the contemplation of nature. In time, the Druids reserved for themselves alone the offices of religion, and the
candidate, after having passed through it, exchanged his usual dress for that of the Druids, which was a tunic falling hal
d them, from early life, to be impressed with a deep sense of respect for the Druids. To them belonged the right of appoint
s. When Hannibal passed into Gaul, they still enjoyed supreme rights; for it was said in a treaty which he made with the Ga
trust to it that valuable plant. They ran over the forests and looked for it with the greatest care; and felicitated themse
that they made their principal acts of devotion. On the day intended for the ceremony of collecting the misletoe, they ass
er them. Three Druids followed him, and carried instruments necessary for sacrifice; and, in fine the chief of the pontiffs
glance at them is sufficient to enable us to perceive how easy it was for those pontiffs to command opinion, and subjugate
tus delight in eulogizing the respect which the Gauls and Germans had for their wives; but the wives of the Druids sometime
we find that the same views of those morals, and of that same respect for women, still existed: and gratitude often followe
: and gratitude often followed in the train of such noble sentiments; for as soon as a knight was wounded, ladies were eage
emples, where they cleared tables, and did not see their husbands but for one day in the year; the third did not quit their
try. The almost idolatrous veneration which the Gauls and Germans had for their women, caused them to imagine, that they po
stinian, has been only partially studied, and imperfectly understood. For this, theology was first mystically and symbolica
be certain mighty powers or agencies between the First Cause and us: for we, in reality, are nothing more than the dregs o
utifully observes, they may be compared to trees rooted in the earth; for as these, by their roots, are united to the earth
like, but we ought to explore the things to which they allude. Thus, for instance, by a Saturnian power rooted in the firs
wer rooted in the first cause, we are to understand a pure intellect. For Κρονος, Kronos or Saturn, is Κορος νους, koros no
But the truth of this may be seen in statues, as well as in enigmas. For Apollo harmonizes the lyre; Pallas is invested wi
Juno with air, and Vulcan with fire. But Apollo and Diana are assumed for the sun and moon; the sphere of Saturn is attribu
from any defect, but on the contrary, through transcendency of power. For , as the essence of the first cause, (if it be law
e English, 76 being equal to 81 English feet.” — Webster’s Dict. 2. For an illustration of this, see Taylor’s translation
13 (1895) The youth’s dictionary of mythology for boys and girls
forced to devise a theory to explain their own existence and account for the origin of all things. The foundation of this
gglutinative age, during which the language gradually “received, once for all, that peculiar impress of their formative sys
birds and animals. If it were in our power mentally to become savages for a time, so as to look upon nature and our surroun
s [Abas], a son of Meganira, was turned into a newt, or water-lizard, for deriding the ceremonies of the Sacrifice. Absy′r
oung sorceress, and daughter of Æetes, who pursued with great energy, for Medea had taken with her the most precious treasu
′us [Achelous] was a river god, and the rival of Hercules in his love for Deianeira. To decide who should have the bride, H
“His back, or rather burthen, showed As if it stooped with its load; For as Æneas bore his sire Upon his shoulders through
open just as they came in sight of Ithaca, the port they were making for , and the contrary winds rushing out drove back th
e Argonauts in their famous expedition to Colchis. He became so noted for his cures that Pluto became jealous of him, and h
es totally defeated them, and gave Hippolyte, their queen, to Theseus for a wife. The race seems to have been exterminated
e Isle of Delos, and this same island being his native place obtained for him the name of Delius; Delphinius, from his occa
gus. Areop′agus [Areopagus], the hill at Athens where Mars was tried for murder before twelve of the gods. A′res [Ares].
of the dolphins took him up and carried him to Tænarus, near Corinth. For this act the dolphin was raised to heaven as a co
nd married her. They were both afterward turned into lions by Cybele, for profaning her temple. A′te [Ate]. The goddess of
with the globe on his back, his name signifying great toil or labor. For his inhospitality to Perseus that king changed hi
which Hercules cleansed after three thousand oxen had been kept in it for thirty years. It was cleansed by turning the rive
rough it. Augæas promised to give Hercules a tenth part of his cattle for his trouble but, for neglecting to keep his promi
ised to give Hercules a tenth part of his cattle for his trouble but, for neglecting to keep his promise, Hercules slew him
. In his left hand is a thyrsus, a kind of javelin, having a fir cone for the head, and being encircled with ivy or vine. H
s [Byblis]. A niece of Sol, mentioned by Ovid. She shed so many tears for unrequited love that she was turned into a founta
′tor [Castor], son of Jupiter and Leda, twin brother of Pollux, noted for his skill in horsemanship. He went with Jason in
ade. — … Let all the hinds bend low at Ceres’ shrine, Mix honey sweet for her with milk and mellow wine, Thrice lead the vi
herbs enabled her to destroy her husband, the King of the Sarmatians, for which act she was banished. When Ulysses landed a
arrows, and a torch. When he grew up to be a man he married Psyche. “ For Venus did but boast one only son, And rosy Cupid
the first to use sails. Dædalus also constructed the famous labyrinth for Minos, King of Crete. See Icarus. “Now Dædalus,
command of their father, slew their husbands directly after marriage. For this crime they were condemned to the task of for
ich he was born. Del′phi [Delphi]. A town on Mount Parnassus, famous for its oracle, and for a temple of Apollo. See Delph
l′phi [Delphi]. A town on Mount Parnassus, famous for its oracle, and for a temple of Apollo. See Delphos. Del′phicus [Del
ia], sister of Nemesis, the Furies, and Death, was driven from heaven for having sown discord among the gods. Diseases, se
ing rhymer dreams, And sings of Helicon’s bright streams; But Helicon for all his clatter Yields only uninspiring water.”
cleanse the stable of King Augeas, in which 3,000 oxen had been kept for thirty years, but had never been cleaned out. Si
[Hermæ] were statues of Hermes [Mercury], which were set up in Athens for boundaries, and as direction marks for travelers.
], which were set up in Athens for boundaries, and as direction marks for travelers. Her′manu′bis [Hermanubis], see Anubis
were jealous of him, and spirited him away while he was drawing water for Hercules. See Wm. Morris’s tragedy, “The Life and
orch. “Some few there are of sordid mould Who barter youth and bloom for gold: But Hymen, gen’rous, just, and kind, Abhors
d kind, Abhors the mercenary mind; Such rebels groan beneath his rod, For Hymen’s a vindictive god.” Dr. Cotton, 1736. H
wedding night. See Danaus. I Iac′chus [Iacchus]. Another name for Bacchus. Iap′etos [Iapetos]. The father of Atlas
by burning with hot irons the place where the heads were cut off; and for his assistance he was restored to youth by Hebe.
to a hawk. Ixi′on [Ixion], the son of Phlegyas, King of the Lapithæ. For attempting to produce thunder, Jupiter cast him i
e where there were three statues of Janus, and it was a meeting-place for usurers and creditors. Ja′nitor [Janitor]. A tit
he past and the future; or, according to others, because he was taken for the sun, who opens the day at his rising, and shu
of Jupiter. “From the great father of the gods above My muse begins, for all is full of Jove.” Virgil. Judges in Hell,
l is full of Jove.” Virgil. Judges in Hell, The, were Rhadamanthus for Asiatics; Æacus for Europeans; Minos was the pres
Virgil. Judges in Hell, The, were Rhadamanthus for Asiatics; Æacus for Europeans; Minos was the presiding judge in the i
age, and the protectress of married women; and she had special regard for virtuous women. In the competition for the celebr
en; and she had special regard for virtuous women. In the competition for the celebrated Golden Apple, which Juno, Venus, a
roy. Laom′edon [Laomedon], son of Ilus, a Trojan king. He was famous for having, with the assistance of Apollo and Neptune
lo. His numerous children were called Lapithæ, and they are notorious for their fight with the centaurs at the nuptial feas
[Medea]. Wife of Jason, chief of the Argonauts. To punish her husband for infidelity, Medea killed two of her children in t
er orators and merchants. Mercury was accounted a most cunning thief, for he stole the bow and quiver of Apollo, the girdle
is the supposed inventor of the lyre, which he exchanged with Apollo for the Caduceus. There was also an Egyptian Mercury
1750. “Then fiery expedition be my wing, Jove’s Mercury, and herald for a king.” “Be Mercury, set feathers to thy heels A
d, and as soon as he touched his food it also was turned to gold, and for fear of being starved he was compelled to ask the
of asses’ ears. This gave rise to the term “Midas-eared” as a synonym for ill-judged, or indiscriminate. “He dug a hole, a
ral arts, is said to have sprung from the head of Jupiter fully armed for battle. She was a great benefactress of mankind,
ered with the skin of Amalthæa, the goat which nourished Jupiter; and for the boss of the shield is the head of Medusa. An
, besmeared with blood Of human sacrifice, and parents’ tears, Though for the noise of drums and timbrels loud, Their child
Mo′mus [Momus]. The god of mockery and blame. The god who blamed Jove for not having made a window in man’s breast, so that
′sus [Nessus]. The name of the Centaur that was destroyed by Hercules for insulting his wife Deianira. Nessus’s blood-smear
ver; one of the names of Apollo. This title was also given to Mercury for the part he took in inventing beneficent laws. N
their origin in the Scandinavian Norns. No′tus [Notus]. Another name for Auster, the south wind. Nox was the daughter of
ivals were celebrated by torchlight. Nymphs. This was a general name for a class of inferior female deities who were atten
to a hawk, and he still pursues his daughter, intending to punish her for her treachery. O Oan′nes [Oan′nes]. An Eas
Omphale]. The Queen of Lydia, to whom Hercules was sold as a bondsman for three years for the murder of Iphitus. Hercules f
een of Lydia, to whom Hercules was sold as a bondsman for three years for the murder of Iphitus. Hercules fell in love with
ifices offered to the goddesses of the seasons to invoke fair weather for the ripening of the fruits of the earth. Orbo′na
ion]. A handsome hunter, of great stature, who was blinded by Œnopion for a grievous wrong done to Merope, and was therefor
ad killed the serpent Python. Pæans were solemn songs, praying either for the averting of evil and for rescue, or giving th
Pæans were solemn songs, praying either for the averting of evil and for rescue, or giving thanks for help vouchsafed. “W
ying either for the averting of evil and for rescue, or giving thanks for help vouchsafed. “With hymns divine the joyous b
cribed “Let the fairest take it.” This occasioned a great contention, for each thought herself the fairest. Ultimately, the
gree, and it was decided that Paris should be the umpire. He was sent for , and each of the goddesses courted his favor by o
t the hero himself. Pe′lion [Pelion]. A well-wooded mountain, famous for the wars between the giants and the gods, and as
skill in horsemanship, he was allowed to drive the chariot of the sun for one day. The horses soon found out the incapacity
have used the weapons with great dexterity and with wonderful effect, for Paris was among the heroes whom he killed. The st
er of fire in the infernal regions. It was the picture of desolation, for nothing could grow on its parched and withered ba
. Phle′gyas [Phlegyas]. Son of Mars and father of Ixion and Coronis. For his impiety in desecrating and plundering the tem
ing of Athens. The marriage of Pirithous and Hippodamia became famous for the quarrel between the drunken Centaurs and the
thine.                                  … If you please To choose me for your Pylades.” F. Lewis. Pylo′tis [Pylotis]. A
e of the sacred shields. Salmo′neus [Salmoneus]. A king of Elis who, for trying to imitate Jupiter’s thunders, was sent by
onor of Saturn about the 16th or 18th of December. Principally famous for the riotous disorder which generally attended the
Scyl′la [Scylla]. A daughter of Nysus, who was changed into a lark for cutting off a charmed lock of her father’s hair.
ee in the evening.” Œdipus solved the riddle thus: Man is the animal; for , when an infant he crawls on his hands and feet,
an′talus [Tantalus]. Father of Niobe and Pelops, who, as a punishment for serving up his son Pelops as meat at a feast give
us]. A son of Jupiter. A giant who was thrown into the innermost hell for insulting Diana. He, like Prometheus, has a vultu
o the mast of his ship. His wife Penelope was a pattern of constancy; for , though Ulysses was reported to be dead, she woul
en of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious. For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I foun
breath, and all things; and hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath d
l after him, and find him, though he be not far from every one of us: for in him we live, and move, and have our being; as
ove, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring. Forasmuch then as we a
led when hunting a wild boar. Venus indirectly caused the Trojan War, for , when the goddess of discord had thrown among the
t,” Paris adjudged the apple to Venus, and she inspired him with love for Helen, wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta. Paris ca
14 (1836) The new pantheon; or, an introduction to the mythology of the ancients
itions of this work which the approbation of to the Public has called for , to the Grecian and Roman Mythology, illustrated
. The Author acknowledges, likewise, his obligations to Dr. Prichard, for the information and pleasure he has received from
most ancient of the gods, as Vesta Prisca, or Terra, different names for the earth, was of the goddesses. Their sons were
ing of that country, by whom he was hospitably received. In gratitude for the kind reception he met with, Saturn endowed Ja
how long did their time of service last? The Roman virgins, destined for the service of Vesta, were chosen between the age
iding the empire of the universe into three parts, he retained Heaven for himself, entrusted the Sea to Neptune, and allott
e person afterwards known under the name of Jupiter Ammon. Japhet had for his share the maritime parts of Asia, with the Ar
ighted torch. What were her attributes? She is the goddess of fruits; for her very name is derived from the care she was su
rown’d. Let all the hinds bend low at Ceres’ shrine; Mix honey sweet, for her, with milk and mellow wine Thrice lead the vi
the covering wrought, The matter rival’d not the Sculptor’s thought, For in the portal was display’d on high, (The work of
he Sun, Phaeton demanded of his father, to drive the chariot of light for one day. The Sun having sworn to grant whatever P
e. In vain did he give to the rash youth, the most prudent directions for the management of the horses. They soon perceived
kilful sorceress, who poisoned her husband, a king of the Sarmatians. For this horrible action, she was banished by her sub
los, which was frequently covered by the waves. Moved with compassion for her hapless fate, Neptune secured the island from
o revenge the death of his son Esculapius, who was killed by thunder, for having, by his great skill in physic, prevented m
prevented men from dying, and thus depopulated the infernal regions. For this, Apollo was banished from the celestial real
For this, Apollo was banished from the celestial realms, and forced, for a time, to undergo many trials and difficulties o
ed to a musical contest by a satyr named Marsyas. He flayed him alive for his presumption, and afterwards metamorphosed him
the victory in favour of the god Pan, who also contended with Apollo for the prize of music, Apollo stretched his ears to
ond temple of celebrity was in Taurica Chersonesus. This was infamous for human victims being therein sacrificed to Diana.
by storms, were cruelly immolated. Orestes and Pylades, so celebrated for their extraordinary friendship, killed the high p
ht the art of cultivating the vine of making wine; of preparing honey for use. He invented commerce and navigation. Ha brou
here, likewise, the annual festival, called Panathena, was instituted for the same purpose. How came the city of Athens to
to signify the preservation or safeguard of any valuable object. As, for example, the palladium of British liberty. Miner
est, Jove’s cuirass blazes on her ample breast; Deck’d in sad triumph for the mournful field, O’er her broad shoulders hang
ts. Clamour and Anger, Fear and Terror, attend his progress. The dog, for his vigilance in pursuit of prey; the wolf, for h
is progress. The dog, for his vigilance in pursuit of prey; the wolf, for his fierceness; the raven, because he follows emb
ecause he follows embattled armies to feast upon the slain; the cock, for his wakefulness, whereby he prevents surprise; ar
hich was the assembling place of that court of judicature so renowned for its justice, was called Areopagus; Gradivus, in p
was consulted, and declared that the empire of the world was destined for that city which should preserve this shield. Numa
ks Enyo. She is described as preparing the chariot and horses of Mars for battle, and with disheveled hair driving them. Sh
history? He was said by the poets to be the son of Jupiter and Juno. For having made the formidable thunderbolts, which Ju
sovereign came, the Cyclops strove With eager speed, to forge a bolt for Jove, Such as by heaven’s almighty lord are hurl’
meet with scarcely any personage in the ancient world more celebrated for great knowledge and admirable talents. To him the
t knowledge and admirable talents. To him the Egyptians were indebted for the flourishing state of their arts and commerce.
yptians held the Sea in abhorrence, and reserved all their veneration for their famous river Nile. The Indians paid divine
king of Egypt, about the time of the Trojan war, who was illustrious for his secrecy, wisdom, and foresight. Proteus. No
ing brethren, in the mountain pent, Roar round the cave, and struggle for a vent. From his high throne, their fury to assua
ed. Who was Terminus? Numa, finding the laws which he had established for the security of property insufficient, persuaded
this goddess in the cultivation of fruit-trees and gardens, procured for her great reputation among the Romans, who placed
inx was a nymph in the train of Diana, and, when pursued by Pan, fled for refuge to the river Ladon, her father, who change
jects inexorably those who have not; and they are condemned to wander for a whole century on its solitary shores. On the ot
And snowy wreaths adorn their graceful heads: Patriots, who perish’d for their country’s right, Or nobly triumph’d in the
d in a profound sleep, holding in his hand, poppies, which serve also for his pillow. Who was Mors? Mors, or Death, was a d
ions? The Titans were represented as being precipitated into Tartarus for having made war against Jupiter and the Gods; the
uptions of Etna, are occasioned by their violent struggles. Sisyphus, for having attempted to deceive Pluto, is condemned t
descends in dews. Pope’s Homer’s Odyssey. Phlegyas, a son of Mars, for having set fire to the temple of Apollo, at Delph
spreads nine acres of infernal ground; Two ravenous vultures, furious for their food, Scream o’er the fiend, and riot in hi
perpetually turning over a river of fire. Tantalus, King of Phrygia, for having savagely murdered his own son Pelops, and
earth, destroying monsters, giants, and oppressors of various kinds. For his illustrious actions he was deified, and regar
ough it, he cleansed the stable of Augeas, which had not been emptied for thirty years, though three thousand oxen were con
ch, by poetical licence, were called wings. He is said to have built, for Minos, king of Crete, an edifice so curiously con
ux, the famous twin sons of Jupiter and Leda, celebrated, the former, for skill in horsemanship, the latter, in pugilism; O
an; Calais and Zethes, the winged sons of Boreas; and Lynceus, famous for astonishingly quick sight, with many other heroes
hese Centaurs, named Chiron, was celebrated as being very respectable for knowledge and virtue. To him was committed the ed
he figure of a man which he had formed of clay, with exquisite skill. For this theft, he was chained down to a rock on moun
ther two are smaller. It is supposed they were intended as sepulchres for the kings of Egypt. Seventh. The Palace of Cyrus,
tter, and all individual living creatures, whether animals or plants; for all plants were supposed to contain imprisoned so
while the perversely guilty were considered as cut off, and cast away for ever. From these ideas of various kinds of living
ess and incorruptibility; while his doctrine will remain in splendour for five thousand years. In process of time, another
! where from thence, as from a living well, A thousand torrents flow! For still in one perpetual shower, Like diamond drops
ud; and shafts of cloud with flame are bound, Here, too, the elements for ever veer, Ranging around with endless interchang
of Justice. He is distinguished as being the judge of departed souls; for the Hindûs believe, that when a soul leaves its b
And these his twofold aspects are but one; And change is none In him; for change in Yamen could not be, The immutable is he
he is depicted as holding in her hands the palmira leaf, and the reed for writing. Durgá, the same Goddess, when regarded a
un, in the erecting of which was expended the whole revenue of Orissa for twelve years. The wall which surrounds the edific
the Hindûs, and fed by the Brahmins, who have a regular establishment for their support, on the banks of the Ganges. These
s abode. The Ayeen Akbery mentions five kinds of meritorious suicide, for the choice of the voluntary victim; namely, starv
near the banks of the Ganges, the Kistna, or some other sacred river, for the benefit of ablution in the purifying stream.
is protruded, the vast image of a bull, one of the emblems of Seeva, for whom Jaggernaut is only another name. Here, are p
as 750,000 l.; and 8000 lb. weight of provisions, were daily prepared for the use of the priests and the pilgrims. The prie
, about the neck; dragging constantly along a heavy weight; remaining for a long time in the most painful positions of body
oetical language were, probably, mistaken by the unthinking multitude for real adventures of gods or daemons, or other supe
worshiped the immortal, uncreated God alone, whom they called Cneph; for which reason they were exempted from contributing
the figure of a cat, and all the cats that died in Egypt were salted, for preservation, and buried at Bubastos. The cat was
which they imagined to be wafted to Byblos by supernatural influence. For a season, they bewailed the God as lost or dead;
ch were very absurd, and even indecent. Prayers were addressed to her for the cure of distempers, and she was imagined to i
egarded as being the renovator and preserver of nature, who overcame, for a time, though he could not actually destroy, Typ
o to do, by a divine vision. His image was erected in a temple, built for that purpose at Alexandria, and called the Serape
into forty-two volumes, which were called, “The Treasure of Remedies for the Soul.” Trismegistus designated the virtues a
d animals? The people of Ombos dug tanks, or great cisterns of water, for the crocodiles; fed them carefully, and taught th
goddess Isis, as a minister of her vengeance, to destroy the impious. For these venemous reptiles subterranean chambers wer
symbol only, but as an incarnation of some daemon or spiritual being; for when one sacred bull died, and another was substi
e was then conveyed to Memphis, where a delightful abode, ample space for exercise, and suitable companions, were provided
ode, ample space for exercise, and suitable companions, were provided for him. The man from whose herd the divine animal sp
providence; a pious fear, love, and adoration of him; a due reverence for parents and aged persons: a paternal affection fo
m; a due reverence for parents and aged persons: a paternal affection for the whole human species; and a compassionate tend
tion for the whole human species; and a compassionate tenderness even for the brute creation.” It did not consecrate the h
ne of fourteen beings of that name destined to appear in human shape, for the government of the world, was supposed to have
regulations of Mahabad were retained, with a superstitious veneration for the sun, the planets, and fire. The Persian Mytho
ne being; so that the man was the pure and holy soul of the Man-Bull. For some time after the production of this intelligen
evil, in which the latter was subdued. Taschter’s light shone on high for thirty days and thirty nights. He is represented
ieces of a hard wood named Semi, which he keeps lighted through life, for the nuptial ceremony, for the performance of sole
Semi, which he keeps lighted through life, for the nuptial ceremony, for the performance of solemn sacrifices, the obsequi
ngly to reclaim and purify these spirits, and thus to capacitate them for their primitive felicity. ———————— Robed in pure
s went in pompous procession to gather it. Every thing being prepared for the sacrifice, and the banquet under the oak, the
The poet Lucan has thus described a druidical grove: “Not far away, for ages past had stood An old unviolated sacred wood
victims were frequently offered, and were often esteemed substitutes for warriors, or princes about to die, In times of gr
The Scandinavians, by degrees, adopted the custom of building temples for their Gods; the most famous of which were, at Ups
her spouse, she wept tears of gold; and from her constantly searching for him, she was called Vanadis, goddess of hope. She
he could not grasp the formidable club. Prayers were addressed to him for favourable winds, refreshing rains, and fruitful
souls of heroes slain, to Valhalla, his hail; and there, to pour out for them, the beverage of the Gods. On steeds that s
sever,     Shame from glory, ill from good; These shall live in light for ever,     Those shall wade the chilling flood. D
robably, by some of the earliest descendants of Ishmael, and intended for religious purposes. It was held in great venerati
g besmear’d with blood Of human sacrifice, and parents’ tears; Though for the noise of drums and timbrels loud, Their child
urely to excite our gratitude towards the supreme Lord of Providence, for having delivered us from such deplorable mental b
almost, unnoticed, spot on the surface of the earth, faintly gleamed for ages, the light of heavenly truth, until, at the
dness: ever present in all parts of the vast creation; ever providing for the happiness of all creatures. How thankful shou
oviding for the happiness of all creatures. How thankful should we be for these sublime, rational, encouraging, delightful
, encouraging, delightful ideas of the Deity, the all-directing mind; for this most precious knowledge, communicated unto u
r of Proteus, and how have the Poets described it? Who invented sails for ships? Of whom were Titan and Saturn the sons? Wh
of her? Who is Vishnu? How many incarnations of him are recorded, and for what purpose and in what form is he expected to a
hat god was the Ibis consecrated, under what titles was he known, and for what was he distinguished? What power was ascribe
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