gods. The ancients worshipped divinities by various representations, called idols. The Babylonians worshipped Bel or Baal as

ur orders. The first order comprised the superior gods, who were also called Dii majorum gentium, gods of the greater nations,

, Apollo, Mars, and Vulcan, were the six gods. The six goddesses were called Juno, Ceres, Minerva, Vesta, Diana, and Venus. Th

eight deities, who were not present at the supreme council. They were called Dii selecti, select gods. Their names were, Cœlus

The Greeks deemed Uranus the most ancient of all the gods. The Latins called him Cœlus, or heaven. The oldest of the goddesses

Amalthea suckled him, and the two nymphs Adrastea and Ida, otherwise called the Melisses, took care of his infancy. The poets

eived him, but also shared with him his throne. — Italy was anciently called Latium or Saturnia. In return for this kindness,

urn for this kindness, Saturn offered him his services. His reign was called the golden age; during which the earth afforded t

no offender was executed; and masters served their slaves. Saturn was called Stercutius, because he was the first to fatten th

lowed? Was Saturn grateful to Janus for this kindness? Why was Saturn called Stercutius? How is Saturn represented? Chapter

orn in Thessaly, whence he removed to Italy, and founded a small town called Janiculum. Saturn, as has been shown, after havin

astly, in the reign of Augustus, after the battle of Actium. Janus is called Bifrons by Virgil, and by Ovid, Biceps, because h

and sometimes with four, to express the four seasons: — hence he was called Quadrifons. In his right hand he held a key, beca

the peculiar province of Janus? How was Janus worshipped? Why was he called Bifrons or Biceps? How was Janus represented?

mother of the gods, was the sister and wife of Saturn. Her festivals, called Megalesia, were celebrated with equal solemnity a

esia, were celebrated with equal solemnity and pomp. Her priests were called Galli, Curetes, Corybantes, Telchines, Cabiri, Id

, Telchines, Cabiri, Idæi, Dactyli, &c. At Rome she had a temple, called Opertum, to which men were never admitted. Her fa

orated her sorrow. The box and the pine were sacred to her. Cybele is called Ops, because she succours and cherishes every thi

it was that she came to be acknowledged by her father. Cybele was so called from the name of the mountain upon which she had

her favourite? What trees were sacred to her? By what names is Cybele called ? How is Cybele represented? Chapter V. Of Vest

ns. She had empire over the entrances of houses, (which from her were called Vestibula,) altars, and hearths. A sacred fire ki

n vessels. The direction of this fire was entrusted to noble virgins, called Vestals, who were chosen between the ages of six

he afterwards placed among the constellations. The horn of this goat, called the cornucopia or horn of plenty, he gave to the

gly fought the giants, was made of the skin of the dead goat, and was called Ægis, a Greek word for a she-goat. After a war of

a part of the thirty thousand gods recognized by the Heathens. He was called Jove by the Greeks; Assabinus, by the Ethiopians;

those in the west were looked upon as the lowest, and were therefore called the Infernal Regions, or Hell. The Infernal Regio

skilful master by the name of Apollo. The bitches of the prince were called Harpies. Obs. 4. — The Titans were nothing more

e birds; the lily, poppy, and dittany, her favourite plants. Juno was called Argiva, because the Argives worshipped her; Bunea

posts of the door on account of a recent marriage, when the wife was called Uxor. Juno is represented in a long robe, seated

back happy. Children were delivered from misfortunes by Pilumnus, so called from the pestle, with which the ancients pounded

who gave names to their children soon after their birth; and was also called Nona Dies. When a boy entered the ninth day of hi

ninth day of his age, or when a girl reached her eighth day, this was called the day of the purification. Inventas, or Invent

of Rome. Meditrina was the goddess of medicines; her festivals were called Meditrinalia, in which the Romans drank new and o

r XI. Sol. Sol or Sun was much worshipped by the ancients. He was called Mithras by the Persians; Bel or Baal by the Chald

sun runs over them all during the course of the year; hence they are called the twelve houses of the sun. 1. March, sign of A

was killed by Achilles. His mother issued from her wood pile, birds, called Memnonides. The statue of Memnon, set up in the t

no drove her from heaven, and raised against her a frightful serpent, called Python, which the poets suppose to have been form

. Apollo. Cicero mentions four Apollos. The Apollo of the Egyptians, called Horus, was the most ancient, but the Apollo to wh

d remained nine years in his service; and hence he has sometimes been called the god of shepherds. He assisted Neptune in buil

assus in Phocis, Greece, where he presided over the muses. Apollo was called Cynthius, because he was born on Mount Cynthus in

are informed by history that Daphne, daughter of a king of Thessaly, called Peneus, pursued by a young prince on the shores o

spersing those pestilential vapours which are fatal to mankind. He is called the sun in heaven, Bacchus on earth, and Apollo i

and of trophies. — See Fig. 20. Fig. 20. Calliope. The Muses were called Heliconiades, because they inhabited the mountain

and tore him in pieces. When Diana was worshipped in heaven, she was called Phœba, Luna, or the moon; on earth, Diana; in hel

re feasts instituted in January to his honour, and were by the Romans called Brumalia. Ascolia were festivals observed by the

trees, and hung upon high trees wooden or earthen images of Bacchus, called Oscilla. The Bacchanalia, or Dionysius, or Orgia,

d in the isle of Naxos. He presented her with a crown of seven stars, called Gnassia Coronia, which, at her death, he placed i

fir, yew, and fig-tree, ivy and vine, were sacred to him. Bacchus was called Biformis, because he was depicted both as a young

er sent him by Mercury his messenger, to Nysa, a city near a mountain called Meros, a word, which signifies thigh. This fable

it. While the citadel of Troy was building, an image of the goddess, called the Palladium, is reported to have fallen from he

ulous image, and Troy was soon after taken by the Greeks. Minerva was called by the Greeks, Athena, because she never drew mil

Minerva, the Athenians held in honour of her, magnificent festivals, called Athenia. They were instituted by Erichthonius, th

ica, and constituted them the city of Athens. They were by the Romans called Quinquatra, and celebrated in April. On these fes

discharges its duty, or when it grants a benefit. These presents were called Minervalia, or gifts offered to wisdom. In the Ac

r city or citadel, there were two magnificent temples of Minerva; one called the Parthenon, in commemoration of her perpetual

ts high, was one of the masterpieces of Phidias. The other temple was called Victory. In it the goddess was represented with a

, the Ægis. The Ægis was a shield covered with the skin of a monster, called Ægis, which vomitted whirlwinds of flame. In proc

confounded with Pallas,) the goddess of war, and sister of Mars, was called Enyo by the Greeks. She is represented as prepari

t Rome, the senate gave audience to foreign ambassadors. Her priests, called the Bellonarii, offered their own blood, from wou

g troops in order of battle, was Belus, who, in the Sacred Volume, is called Nimrod, and styled a mighty hunter before the Lo

d, was an ancient king of Egypt. The third, a king of Thrace, who was called Odin, or Mars Hypboreus. The fourth, the Mars of

ars of the Latins, the reputed father of Romulus and Remus. The Gauls called their Mars Hesus, and sacrificed to him human vic

tagonist. Mars had temples in all countries. His priests at Rome were called Salii. They were twenty-four in number, and had t

etimes he is represented riding in a chariot drawn by furious horses, called Flight and Terror, with the goddess Discord flyin

nces and stratagems in war. — See Fig. 25. Fig. 25. Mars. Mars was called Gradivus, because he raged, as in war; Quirinus,

loves; a terrestrial Venus, who presided over marriages; and a third, called Aversative, who removed criminal passions. Sir Is

ved criminal passions. Sir Isaac Newton admitted of but one Venus. He called her Calycopis. She was daughter to Otreus, king o

thontus, Cyprus, and Biblos; he instituted feasts in honour of Venus, called Orgies; and, for the purpose of watching over her

flames of war, and finally levelled Troy with the ground. The Syrians called their Venus Astarte; the Persians Anaitis; she wa

l and “half withdrawing.” She was girt about the waist with a girdle, called Cestus, which, being worn by a female either ugly

in childish amusements. He was the youngest and strongest god. He was called Eros, because he had a golden dart, which causes

of Venus Urania, who presided over legitimate unions; the other, they called Anteros. Obs. 6. — The mixture of the history of

ed into the sea to find a remedy for love. This place was, therefore, called “The Lover’s Leap.” Nets artfully spread, prevent

nd likewise formed the first woman, whose name was Pandora. Vulcan is called Lemnius, because he fell upon the island of Lemno

Egypt, at Athens, and at Rome. Feasts celebrated to his honour, were called Lampadophories. As offerings to him, whole victim

mer. —  See Fig. 29. Fig. 29. Vulcan. His servants or workmen were called the Cyclops, a race of giants with a circular eye

ame unheard or unadored In ancient Greece: and in Ansonian island Men called him Mulciber; and how he fell From heaven they fa

a naked youth, standing on tip-toe, having on his head a winged hat, called Petasus, and on his feet, winged sandals, called

s head a winged hat, called Petasus, and on his feet, winged sandals, called Talaria. He held in one hand his rod, and in the

ebrated his festival in a temple near the circus Maximus. Mercury was called Hermes by the Greeks, because he was the god of r

he sacrifices offered to Mercury? By what different names was Mercury called . Part II. Of the Marine Deities. The want

of the water, was represented by a vessel, full of holes, which they called Hydria. The Persians having pretended to sustain

equalled the respect of the Egyptians for the Hydria, which they also called Canopus, their god. According to them, the Nile,

whom he is said to have had three thousand children. His nymphs were called after his name, Oceanides and Oceantides. The Arg

rd, and sky-coloured head. By his wife Doris, he had fifty daughters, called Nereides, who compose the train of Amphitrite. Th

r rest. His ordinary victims were the horse and the bull. Neptune was called Hippius, because he produced a horse out of the g

orse-races; Consus, because he was the god of counsel. Amphitrite was called Salacia, because the salt water is in the bottom

ed by them to their destruction. The Tritons and Sirens are sometimes called mermen and mermaids. Ulysses and Orpheus were the

us, an amphibious deity, had for his mother the nymph Phœnice. He was called Vertumnus by the Latins. His prime duty was to ta

ing, that he changed himself into different forms. A fickle person is called a Proteus. Questions. Who was Proteus? What fable

instantly leaped into the sea, and became a sea-dog. . Portumnus, so called by the Latins, was son to Athamas and Ino, daught

. The name of Ino was changed to that of Leucothea, and Melicerta was called Palæmon. He was painted with a key in his right h

buried in the porch of the temple; and from that time, that swamp is called Saronic, instead of Phœban. The king-fishers, sea

o were the nymphs of Apollo? By what names were the nymphs of Bacchus called ? Whom had Diana for her attendants? What sea nymp

the Trojan war, held Æolus, king of the Æolian islands, (at that time called the Vulcanian, now called Lipari) on account of h

, king of the Æolian islands, (at that time called the Vulcanian, now called Lipari) on account of his uncommon skill and divi

nfounded together. They counted twelve of the first order, which were called Consentes. These differed from the twelve great g

haos alone was more ancient than heaven and earth. He was arbitrarily called Ops, or Tellus; and the name of the goddess Vesta

quently given to him. Among the different festivals of Earth, one was called the festival of the good goddess. On the first da

st ancient name given to the Earth? What was one of Earth’s festivals called ? How was the goddess Earth usually represented?

nus. Terminus was the god of boundaries and landmarks. Landmarks, called Lapides Terminalia, were deemed sacred. His festi

ndmarks, called Lapides Terminalia, were deemed sacred. His festivals called Terminalia, were always observed on the last day

all nature is jocund and smiling, the Romans instituted games to her, called Floralia, which were celebrated with the most lic

the rills to promote the growth of her trees. Her regular priest was called Flamen Pomonalis. She appears as a rosy, beautifu

a scythe in his hands, his louver part being a shapeless log. He was called Phallus, and Fascinum, because his limbs were def

power of Fornax was employed in baking corn in ovens. Her festivals, called Fornacalia, were first instituted by Numa. “A go

under the shade of a tall and spreading oak. They were indifferently called Panes, Egypans, Fauns, and Sylvani. The Fauns are

of the wind through them, he made of them pipes, which, from her, he called Syrinx, and which are now familiarly entitled Pan

or dog, Pan won the heart of Diana. By the nymph Echo, he had a son, called Lynx, or, according to some, a daughter, Irynge,

sometimes heard in solitary places. Hence, a fear without a cause is called a panic fear. Pan was worshipped, particularly in

ome. In Arcadia, he gave oracles on Mount Lycæus. At Rome, festivals, called Lupercalia, were instituted to his honour, and ce

per part like a man and their lower parts like a shaggy goat. Pan was called Deus Arcadiæ, because he was more particularly ad

st incapable of keeping his seat. The cup, out of which he drank, was called Cantharus; and a staff with which he supported hi

lf when he walked with a staggering step, Ferula. His attendants were called Sileni, which name was applied to those who were

esiding over houses and families. When they reign in heaven, they are called Pentrales, and the palace of their residence, Pen

Penates. When they had empire over kingdoms and provinces, they were called Penates; when they governed cities only, they wer

, they were called Penates; when they governed cities only, they were called Dii Patrii, or the “gods of the country,” or “gre

” and when they preside over particular houses and families, they are called “Pavique Penates,” or “small gods.” Their statues

ently invoked as the guardians and protectors of houses. Their games, called Compitalitii, Compitalitia, or Compitalia, were c

e Roman youths were wont to wear about their necks a golden ornament, called bulla, in the likeness of a heart, and hollow wit

carried away those of his father-in-law Laban. In scripture they were called Teraphim. Questions. Who were the Penates? Who we

They are sometimes synonymous with the Lares and Manes; and they are called ‘“dæmons” by the Greeks, and Præstites, or chief

e leaves of the plane, a tree sacred to them. The Genii of women were called Junones. The Genii aided men by their private cou

or to the gods. They existed in different countries, whence they were called Numen Loci, or the “deities of the place.” All ho

or a good spirit, and a malus Genius, or a bad spirit. They are also called Genium album et nigrum, or a white and a black dæ

e on the shores of the lake. Artificers mended a boat, and the pilot, called Charon by the Egyptians, repaired to the governor

roaning noise; Phlegethon, swelling with waves of fire; and Lethe, so called from the forgetfulness which its waters produced;

’s palace, was a field, prepared for the residence of infants. It was called the Field of Lamentations, where neither joy nor

ays spilt on the earth. Black sheep were the common victims. Pluto is called Dis, because wealth proceeds from his kingdom; Ad

ich Mercury led to hell. The place in which the tribunal was held was called the Field of Truth. Lies and calumnies could not

to (envy,) Tisiphone (rage,) and Megara (carnage.) They were likewise called Diræ, Eumenides, Canes and Erinnys. They were att

ers, daughters of Jupiter and Themis, or of Necessity. They were also called the Destinies. Their names were Clotho, Lachesis,

pents, girt alike, and crowned with hissing hair, In heav’n the Dirse called .” The Fates. “Stern Clotho weaves the chequered

ll the ants which were in a hollow oak, into men, who were afterwards called by Æacus myrmidons. Obs. 2. — The fable of the F

t celebrity she pursues criminals, both by water and by land. She was called Adrastæa, because an altar was first built to her

l name for both. Probably the tradition of the terrestrial paradise, ( called the garden of Eden,) produced the idea of the Ely

ra, was a giant with fifty heads and one hundred hands; whence he was called Centumgeminus, and, by the Greeks, Briareus. Juno

hamas and Salmoneus. Merope was his wife. He built Ephyre, afterwards called Corinth, and debauched his niece Tyro. Sisyphus,

able. So is the murder of Pelops. The Danaides were fifty sisters, so called from their father Danaus: and named also Belides,

, and are said to have been born of a cloud by Ixion, whence they are called Nubiginæ. The most eminent of the Centaurs were C

here he kept numerous flocks, which were guarded by a two-headed dog, called Orthos, and a seven-headed dragon, which devoured

the belief, that Geryon was a prince who reigned over three islands, called Baleares. The Harpies were winged monsters, with

them in his voyages, fought, and took them. The ship he mounted, was called Pegasus; the prow represented a winged horse. As

explain this fable by recollecting that there was a volcano in Lycia, called Chimæra, the top of which being covered with deso

. Peribæa, the queen, being childless, brought him up as her own, and called him Œdipus, because his feet were swollen. When a

of Harpocrates. The Romans represented Silence as a goddess whom they called Ageronia. The latter had also the god of speech,

hey called Ageronia. The latter had also the god of speech, whom they called Aius Locutius. — See Fig. 56. Fig. 56. Harpocra

her hand. Obs. 1. — The singular name of Æsculapius, whom the Greeks called Asclepios, seems to have been derived from the or

ship. The Greeks and Romans granted divine honours to her. The Greeks called her Philia, and the Romans called her Amicitia, a

d divine honours to her. The Greeks called her Philia, and the Romans called her Amicitia, and painted her in the form of a yo

e raised in the middle of some wood, which was considered sacred, and called lucus. There were marked times for carrying prese

ntine scythe, with wings for his feet, and a short dagger of diamond, called herpe, the helmet of Pluto, which had power to ma

he struck the top of it with his hoof, and opened a fountain which is called in Greek, Hippocrene, and in Latin, Fons Caballin

nth. Bellerophon was son of Glaucus, king of Ephyre. He was at first called Hipponus, because he first knew how to govern hor

refy, swell, and burst. Bellerophon fell from his horse into a field, called Aleius Campus, because in that place he wandered,

r, but which are really intended to effect his ruin, are proverbially called “Letters of Bellerophon,” or “Letters of Uriah.”

o be dead, he precipitated himself into the sea, which was afterwards called the Ægean, or Black sea, from his name and destin

wax on the wings of Icarus, and he fell into the sea, which is thence called the Icarian sea. Ariadne was daughter to Minos. S

Sicily, notorious for their crimes and barbarous actions. The first, called Phalaris, buried men alive in a brazen bull, and

eneral of his troops, Ozochor, and so forth; but the most celebrated, called by the Greeks Alceus, or Alcides, was the son of

milk being spilt upon the clouds, occasioned the milky-way, which is called in Greek, Galaxia. Lilies are said to have been c

o have been created by the fall of it on the earth, and are therefore called the “roses of Juno.” The fame of Hercules was inc

him, by imposing upon him a number of arduous enterprises, generally called the “Twelve Labours of Hercules.” A prodigious li

the forest of Nemæa, ravaged the country near Mycenæ. This place was called Cleone, and this lion, Cleoneus. Hercules was ord

s. This is said to have taken place in that division of ancient Gaul, called Gallia Narbonesis, or Campus Lapideus, the Stony

mountains, Calpe and Abyla, which were previously united, but thence called the Pillars of Hercules. Between these are the st

rs of Hercules. Between these are the straits of Gibraltar, anciently called Fretum Herculeum. He dragged the fire-spitting Ca

diness, that she fell into that part of the sea, which, from her, was called Hellespont. When Phryxus arrived on the coast of

about fifty of the most noble and famous in Greece. He built a ship, called the Argo, from which they were called Argonauts,

ous in Greece. He built a ship, called the Argo, from which they were called Argonauts, among whom were Hercules, Orpheus, and

d to have been mortal like their mother. Castor and Pollux were often called Tyndaridæ by the poets, as Helena is sometimes ca

llux were often called Tyndaridæ by the poets, as Helena is sometimes called Tyndaris, from Tyndarus. Castor and Pollux both a

to his honour, and performed, a sort of pyrrhick, or dance in armour, called “Castor’s dance.” When they were made constellati

tor’s dance.” When they were made constellations in heaven, they were called Gemini. Sailors deem these stars auspicious to th

storm immediately abated. But when mariners perceived only one flame, called Helena, they accounted it ruinous to them. Castor

uman victims were offered up by the Tauri in Taurica Chersonesus (now called Crimea Tartary.) Agamemnon, king of the Argives,

n hidden in a bundle of sticks: and from that circumstance, Diana was called Fascelis, from fascis, a “bundle.” Obs. 1. — To

ving possessed himself of the city, Priam fortified it with bastions, called Pergamia. The name of Priam’s wife was Hecuba, wh

r she had anointed him in the day-time with ambrosia. He was at first called Pyrisous, because he escaped safely from the fire

him vigorous and active. Those who greatly excelled in strength were called Achilles; and an argument, when it is irrefragibl

th were called Achilles; and an argument, when it is irrefragible, is called Achilleum. Thetis had learned from an oracle, tha

upon which Ulysses fortified himself against her charms with an herb, called moly, which Mercury had given him. He then ran in

rs, and foul when it disappears; and from that circumstance, Orion is called , by the poets, tempestuous or stormyOrion. Atlas

. Atlas, the son of Japetus and Clymene, was king of Mauritania (now called Morocco in Africa.) When Perseus was treated inho

erope, Maia, Electra, Taygete, Asterope, and Celeno; all of whom were called by one common name Pleiades, sometimes Virgiliæ,

æ, Coronis, Plexaris, Pytho, and Tyche, and who were, in like manner, called Hyades, or Suculæ. The Pleiades were placed in th

Hesperus was brother to Atlas. He settled in Italy, which country was called Hesperia from him. He was accustomed to sit on th

ence, upon their observing a bright star, setting after the sun, they called it Hesperus, Hesper, Hesperugo, Vesper, Vesperugo

, Vesperugo, or the Evening Star. When appearing before sunrise, they called it Phosphorus, Lucifer, or the Morning Star. Hesp

perus had three daughters, Egle, Prethusa, and Hesperethusa, who were called the Hesperides. These were appointed to guard the

e was also in man an intelligence superior to the body, and which was called the soul. But this great and sublime idea was adm

l they had passed through the most terrible trials. These trials were called initiations. As the objects and forms of worship

e. Thus one nature was comprehended in Osiris and Isis. The Egyptians called the Sun, Osiris, and the Moon, Isis. With them Os

Osiris. Her worship was generally attended to in Egypt. Her priests, called Isiaic, were closely shaved, walked barefoot, wor

rom Sinope, by Ptolemy Lagus. His image was then erected in a temple, called the Serapeum. It is reported to have exceeded in

r. The first-fruits of lentils and pulse were his offerings. The tree called Persea, whose leaves were like a tongue, and whos

e hand a caduceus, and in the other, a branch of palm. He is commonly called Barker; also Hermanubis. He had temples and pries

Hermes, already noticed, and collected them into volumes, which were called “the treasure of remedies for the soul.” Question

and the liveliest image of the Omnipresent Deity. Their priests were called Magi; their rites at first were solemnized in a p

e he enjoyed perfect happiness for some time. At last, an evil being, called Ahriman, or Arimanius, having ventured to visit h

ll, the serpent, a globe, and wings united. Certain mysterious rites, called by his name, were observed in deep caverns, or ar

the care of guardian spirits, and is contained in their sacred books, called Vedas, which means to know. These books are writt

ension of mortals. When he is considered as the creating power, he is called Brahma; as the preserving or consummating power,

th almighty power, and pursuing the rebellious and malignant spirits, called Dewtahs, headed by Mahasoor their prince, throws

y Mahasoor their prince, throws at them the fiery bolts of vengeance, called Agnyastra. The Hindoos believe that water was the

Indra, the king of heaven, reigns over good spirits. His consort is called Sachi; his celestial city, Amaravati; his palace,

. Seshanaya, the king of serpents, reigns over the infernal regions, called Patala. He is represented with a gorgeous and bri

soul is separated from its body, it is conveyed to the city of Yama, called Yamapur, where it receives a just sentence from h

a just sentence from him. Thence it is to go up to the first heaven, called Swerga, or to go down to the region of the serpen

t heaven, called Swerga, or to go down to the region of the serpents, called Narse, or to assume on earth the shape of some an

lding in her hands the palmira leaf, and the reed for writing. She is called Durga, because she is considered the severe, the

fancy that Vishnu assumes different forms at different times, and is called by various names. The different characters of Vis

nd is called by various names. The different characters of Vishnu are called the manifestations of Vishnu. When a god appears

ic statue of solid gold, and a throne of the same metal. The Arabians called the sun Adoneus and daily offered to him incense

began to move on the earth and in the sea. The father of mankind was called Protogone, and the first woman, Aeon. It was she

ees were good, and could serve as nourishment to man. Their children, called Genae and Genus, dwelt in Phœnicia. A great droug

xicans worshipped the sun, under the name of the Prince of Glory, and called heaven his palace. They believed in the immortali

she was permitted to marry. The Mexicans had 14 principal gods. They called their supreme god Teotl. They described him as a

Tez-cat-li-po-ca presented to him, and then move to another kingdon, called Tla-pal-la. No sooner had Quet-zal-cot taken the

rves to show this, is, that this temple had hidden places, which were called Adyta, and which answered to the Sancta Sanctorum

what manner God put a stop to this foolish design. This famous tower, called the Tower of Babel, formed in its basis a square,

t the most superb and the most substantial was the Pantheon, vulgarly called the Rotunda. It still exists in its entire state,

er went to Libya to consult Jupiter Ammon, the priest, on seeing him, called him the son of Jupiter, which was the sole object

uent an occurrence. Raised on an opening of the ground, was a machine called a tripod, because it had three bars laid on the r

he edifice to tremble even to its foundations. Then the priests, also called the prophets, took the Pythia, conducted her to t

was one of the causes of the decline of the oracle. The priestess was called Phemonœ. Chapter XI. Oracle of Trophonius.

der his feet, he was swallowed up in the gap or crevice, which is now called the ditch of Agamedes, and seen in a sacred wood

r which he prescribes himself in naming them. 1. The Persian. She was called Sambethe; and, in the supposed Sibylline verses,

est care, and were held under a secret. A college of fifteen persons, called the Quindecemviri of the Sibyls, watched over the

ired them, he entrusted the charge of them to two particular priests, called Duumviri, whose ministry was confined to the char

re she delivered her oracles. 10. The Tiburtian, or of Tibur, who was called Albunea. The city of Tibur or Tivoli upon the Tev

pied the Romans; races, fights, and spectacles (theatres.) The first, called the equestrian, or curule games, consisted in rac

ibited in the circus, dedicated to Neptune or to the Sun. The second, called Agonalia, were wrestling or fights among men, and

d their hands with large leather strings, and a kind of leather cuff, called the cestus. Mount Olympius was the spot on which

there except naked, like the combatants. The judges of the games were called Hellanodices, or judges of the Greeks. None ever

the temple of Jupiter Olympius. Around this temple was a sacred wood, called the Altis, in which were placed statues, erected

rding to the annals of Iceland,) and which passed to his descendants, called from his name Scioldungians. Odin more pleased wi

was the god of the ancient Germans. The ancient mythology of Iceland called God the author of all that exists, the eternal, t

still remain. The fourth day of the week still bears his name. It is called , according to different dialects, Odensdag, Ousda

h the Mercury of the Greeks and Romans. The day sacred to Mercury was called Dies Mercurii (the day of Mercury.) The French ca

Mercurii (the day of Mercury.) The French call it Mercredi. Odin was called Alfadur, (father of all,) because the gods were d

g in the universe. By his side stands the spear Gungner. His steed is called Sleipner. In the centre of Asgard, which is in th

upon this belief was founded the veneration they had for Earth. They called her mother earth, the mother of the gods. The Phœ

of the week was sacred to her under the name of Freytag (Friday,) and called by the Latins Dies Veneris (the day of Venus.) It

ts. He had a silver circle round the down of his chin. His empire was called Ydalir (Rain-Valleys.) Julius Cesar expressly spe

brilliant in innocence as the lily, and the whitest flower was hence called Baldrian. He was endued with so great majesty, th

rought him Forfete, who was the god of concord, and who had a palace, called Glitner, supported by pillars. Tyr, whom we must

age was the god of eloquence, wisdom, and poetry, which, from him, is called Bragur. He had a golden telyn, and swept the cord

nd its trunk, and strove to destroy it; and in a neighbouring spring, called the fountain of past things, three virgins contin

igion: and, first, we will notice those in the Edda, and in the poem, called Volupsa. It is thought that the latter was compos

em. On the next day appeared a head; and on the third, an entire man, called Bure. His son Bor married Belsta, daughter of the

a better race, that was connected with that of the giant Ymer. It was called the family of Bor, from the name of the first of

happy, and as many for the guilty. The first was the palace of Odin, called Valhalla, where that god received all who died a

places of punishment, two were likewise distinguished. One of which, called Nislheim, was to last only until the end of the w

Nislheim, was to last only until the end of the world; and the other, called Nastroud, was to be eternal. The first two future

year. The first was celebrated at the winter solstice. The night was called the night-mother, being that which produced all o

winter solstice to the other. This feast, the most solemn of all, was called Juul, and was celebrated in honor of Thor or of t

every tree and leaf of which was looked upon as most holy. This wood, called Odin’s, was filled up with bodies of men and of a

the tumults of camps. Victory favouring those of the chiefs who were called Vergobrets, (a title equal to that of kings,) ren

lace, the First Cause, on account of his transcendent simplicity, was called by the Pythagorean and Platonic philosophers, the

heir surpassing similitude to the first great God, were very properly called by the ancients, Gods; and were considered by the

r to, without being, the First Cause. “These mighty powers, also, are called by the poets, a golden chain, on account of their

ther and their incorruptible nature. The first of these powers may be called intellectual; the second vivific; the third Pxoni

reates, but produces light and benefits. On this account, also, he is called αγκυλομητις, agkulometis, or inflected counsel, b

an old man, and slow in his motions. “Again, the ancient theologists called life by the name of Jupiter, to whom they gave a

another. Wicked men particularly described God, or the gods, as they called the Supreme Being,) to be as wicked as men had be

divinities of the Greeks were Heaven and Earth; the former was a god called Cœlus, and the latter a goddess named Terra. Cœlu

mbrance of the past. That part of Italy where Saturn took refuge, was called Latium, and lies along the Mediterranean. One of

oured in Latium, and became king of the country. The hill, afterwards called the Capitoline, was named Saturninus from Saturn,

er useful arts, and made them so happy that the time of his reign was called the Golden Age. Saturn is represented as an old m

was annually celebrated in honour of Saturn. At first, this festival, called the Saturnalia, lasted but one day; its duration

ee plate, page 16. Rhea, or Cybele, the wife of Saturn, is sometimes called Ops, and sometimes Berecynthia. Cybele was regard

ynthia. Cybele was regarded as the mother of the gods, and was thence called Magna Mater — the Great Mother. Cybele was the fi

seated in a car drawn by lions. The priests of Cybele were sometimes called Corybantes, they are usually represented dancing

isions of time among his subjects, as the first month of the year was called in honour of him, January. In some of his temples

Apollo. Apollo was the son of Jupiter and Latona. He has been called “the god of life, and light, and arts” He was the

He was the cause of disease, and the restorer of health. He is often called Phœbus the god of day; and was supposed to be the

w and arrow. In hymns addressed to Apollo as the god of health, he is called Pæan. Apollo is sometimes represented with rays a

ars with a lyre in his hand. He is sometimes drawn in a car, commonly called the chariot of the sun. Apollo’s chariot was draw

ke that instrument. Having unfortunately killed a very beautiful boy, called Hyacinthus, by the blow of a quoit, Apollo caused

low of a quoit, Apollo caused to spring up from his blood, the flower called after his name. Among the stories which relate to

d to exhibit the destruction of the Python. A priestess of Apollo was called the Pythia in honour of the god’s achievement. Th

n almost every considerable town in the United States. It is commonly called the Apollo of Belvidere. Belvidere is the name of

special messenger. The king of heaven presented to him his winged cap called the petasus, and with wings for his feet called t

to him his winged cap called the petasus, and with wings for his feet called talaria. He had also a small sword which could re

er reverence than the former people. The priests of Mars at Rome were called Salii, — hey had the care of Ancilia, or sacred s

ble says, Vulcan was the son of Jupiter and Juno. Vulcan is sometimes called Mulciber, and Lemnius. It is said that Jupiter, t

name unheard or unadorned In ancient Greece: and in Ausonian land Men called him Mulciber; and how he fell From heaven they fa

st labour, must have required immensely strong men. This is therefore called , from the Cyclops, the Cyclopean architecture.1

colleague of Romulus, instituted rites in her honour. At Rome she was called Juno Matrona, the matron or mother, and was regar

and true, and of what is best to be done, when intelligent beings are called upon to act. Wisdom also includes the will to do

inerva was the tutelary, or guardian goddess of Athens. That city was called by one of her names, Athenæ; its original name wa

iginal name was Cecropia, from the founder, Cecrops. Minerva was also called Pallas, from a Greek word, signifying bearing a j

Pallas, from a Greek word, signifying bearing a javelin. She is often called in Homer, the “blue-eyed maid,” for she never mar

e most valued by the inhabitants of Cecropia, and from that time they called their city Athenæ. Minerva was represented as

r right hand Minerva bore a beaming lance, and in her left a buckler, called the Egis. The Egis of Minerva had embossed upon i

berty, or its security, is the virtue of our citizens. The Parthenon, called from one of Minerva’s names Parthenos, was the mo

r and honey for the libations. Foreigners, or sojourners as they were called , who resided at Athens, held a rank inferior to n

the art of cultivating the earth. The Egyptians worshipped a goddess, called by them Isis; who, like the Ceres of the Greeks,

a, and particularly honoured by the Athenians. These solemnities were called the Eleusinian Mysteries. The word mysteries sign

ey saw there. Persons of both sexes were admitted by the high priest, called the Hierophant, to the mysteries of Eleusis. It w

n of mankind? What favour did Ceres probably confer, and what was she called by the Egyptians? How was Ceres represented? In w

car of Pluto and Proserpine a fountain gushed out. This fountain was called Cyane, and thither the Sicilians would afterwards

mother. Pluto, however, was not to be deceived; he had employed a spy called Ascalaphus to watch Proserpine, and when she was

tion, received her, and conducted her to heaven. The Romans sometimes called Venus, Cythera, from the island to which she was

ythera, from the island to which she was borne, and sometimes she was called Dione. Her favourite residence was in the island

represented in her sea-shell sporting upon the ocean, the sea-nymphs, called Nereides, and dolphins, and Cupids, surrounding h

hed in slight and graceful apparel, bound round the waist by a girdle called the cestus. The cestus was supposed to make Venus

him. Venus mourned him excessively, and transformed him to the flower called Anemone, or wind-flower. Proserpine offered to re

d concluded with expressions of joy for their renovation. The Syrians called Adonis, Thammuz. The prophet Ezekiel reproves the

mmonly regarded as representatives of the sun and moon. The Egyptians called her Isis. Among the Greeks Diana or Phebe was hon

haracters, as a goddess of heaven, earth, and hell, and was therefore called the triform goddess. As a celestial divinity she

ious musical instruments, or engaged in scientific pursuits. They are called Muses, from a Greek word, signifying to meditate,

and Castalia at the foot of Parnassus. Their horse had wings, and was called Pegasus — when Pegasus struck the earth forcibly

an. Nereus was the son of Oceanus. Oceanus had seventy-two daughters, called the Oceanides, and Nereus had fifty, these were t

the waves and the howling of dogs. Opposite to Scylla was a whirlpool called Charybdis. Charybdis was supposed to have been a

ng the unhappy fate of Ceyx and Halcyone, changed them into the birds called Halcyones, and imparted to them the power of stil

lf into whatever forms he chose. Hence, a fickle person is frequently called Proteus. History makes mention of a Proteus King

aiades; those who resided in marshes, Lymniades. The wood nymphs were called Dryades and Hamadryades. The nymphs of the mounta

the woods. Women were his principal worshippers His priestesses were called Bacchæ, Bacchantes, and Menades, the Bacchæ ran a

and those who attended them were often intoxicated. These feasts were called Bachanalia, Revels, and Orgies. Riotous meetings

etings of those who drink much wine and keep late hours are now often called orgies. The Bacchæ hung little images of Bacchus

celebrated games. Flora was celebrated at Rome in certain festivals, called the Floral Games. Her head was adorned with a cha

s was the goddess of shepherds and protectress of flocks. Her feasts, called Parilia, were celebrated in the month of April, o

d in the time of the Trojan war, and reigned over the Æolian islands, called , before, the Vulcanian. Æolus, possessing penetra

d half goat, holding in his hand the rural pipe, invented by him, and called Syrinx. He was generally venerated by the Arcadia

n the month of February, the Romans celebrated his feasts, which they called Lupercalia, from the place consecrated to him bei

suckled by a wolf, in Latin lupus. The priests of Pan, at Rome, were called Luperci. Pan was regarded as the inspirer of sudd

sternation which sometimes turned armies to flight. These frights are called Panics. The Athenians had a statue of him, like t

sacrificed to them When infants quitted one of their first ornaments called the Bulla, it was deposited before the feet of th

hold gods, the Penates, were worshipped only in an interior apartment called the Penetralia. They were held so sacred by the R

flowers. He was represented in the octagon temple of Athens, which is called the Temple of the Winds. Zephyr loved young Hyaci

luto. Pluto, the supreme ruler of the infernal regions, sometimes called Dis, was the third son of Saturn and Ops. He was

y his manes, or parted soul. The entrance to the infernal regions was called Avernus. Before it was stationed a multitude of f

dead, Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Eacus, held their tribunal in a place called the Field of Truth, where no falsehood could be h

and Night; their names signify rage, slaughter, and envy. The Greeks called them Diræ, and sometimes Erinnes, disturbers of t

tter. When the Furies punished men with obvious compassion, they were called Eumenides, or the Mild. In this case they were su

ike those expressed in the Scriptures? What were the Furies sometimes called ? Who was Nemesis? The Fates. The Fates, o

ho was Nemesis? The Fates. The Fates, or Destinies, sometimes called the Parcæ, and the Fatal Sisters, were, like the

eparted friends in another state of existence. This prolonged life is called the immortality of the soul. Those of the heathen

s , “to bring life and immortality to light.” The heathen heaven was called the Elysian Fields. The Elysian Fields were the f

facts prove the immortality of the soul? What was the heathen heaven called , and who were admitted to it? How was Elysium rep

merit of either, what she pleased. They represented Fortune, as they called this blind goddess, turning a wheel, which raised

s hand poppies, which serve also for his pillow. Somnus, or sleep, is called by Homer, “Death’s half-brother, Sleep.” One of t

s called by Homer, “Death’s half-brother, Sleep.” One of the ancients called Sleep, the happy king of gods and men, because he

ion between the Mediterranean and Atlantic. The disunited coasts were called the Pillars of Hercules, and were separated by a

flames, and was received by the gods in heaven. Hercules is sometimes called Alcides. Hercules was worshipped after his death.

the ancients say of the Mediterranean? What were the disunited rocks called ? Who was Antæus? Was Hercules worshipped? What is

as accompanied by many young and adventurous Greeks. Jason’s ship was called the Argo, and his companions the Argonauts. The h

lle on the way fell off, and was precipitated into the strait, thence called Hellespont. When Phryxus arrived at Colchis, he s

ory, but it was made very affecting by Euripides, who wrote a tragedy called Medea, which is exceedingly admired by those who

ves; and others, that they were to be eaten up by a frightful monster called the Minotaur. It is a curious fact, that all part

was half a man and half a beast, that was kept in a curious building called the Labyrinth. This Labyrinth was built by the fa

o the sea. From this circumstance it is said that the Archipelago was called the Ægean Sea. Who was Theseus? Whose achievemen

no child, and she soon loved the little Œdipus, as the foundling was called , as well as if he had been her own son; as well a

killed, but went on towards Phocis • At that time a terrible monster, called the Sphinx, ravaged the neighbourhood of Thebes.

arried on a second war. The Argives, or chiefs from Peloponnesus were called the Epigoni, and they were finally defeated. Did

ux. Castor, being a son of Jupiter, for the children of Leda were all called Jupiter s, was immortal, but Castor begged that h

four miles from the sea shore. Near to Troy was a range of mountains called Ida. It is said that three several kings of this

kings were Dardanus, Tros, and Illus, and hence the city is sometimes called Dardania, Troja, and Ilio or Ilium. Homer’s descr

and Ilio or Ilium. Homer’s description of the war of Troy, is thence called the Iliad. The ancients declared that Neptune bui

boldly did he defend the flocks of Ida from wild beasts, that he was called the deliverer, and he might have passed his life

nd Pylades end happily? Menelaus. Agamemnon and Menelaus were called the Atridæ, or sons of Atreus. When Troy was take

, was the bravest Greek at the siege of Troy? Who was Ajax, sometimes called the Less? How did Minerva and Neptune punish the

l his companions into hogs. The god Mercury had given Ulysses an herb called Moly, which preserved him from the effects of her

hat he still lived, denied them all. The suitors, as the princes were called , took up their abode in the palace of Ulysses, sl

es could not refuse submission to “the king of men,” as Agamemnon was called , and he was forced to surrender the fair Briseis.

ch caused his death. From this circumstance the tendon of the heel is called , by anatomists, the tendon of Achilles. When Achi

the followers of Menelaus. Diomed is celebrated in Homer, for what is called his night adventure. This was entering during the

gil, the Roman poet, who has written the history of Eneas in the poem called the Eneid, Eneas attached followers to himself, a

their domains, and who, like the nobles of Europe m the middle ages, called out their followers to fight their battles. A kin

ain eminent individuals of antiquity, who, by way of distinction, are called the Seven Wise Men of Greece — and to them is als

s, is the following. Seven Wise Men of Greece. Those persons, called by way of eminence the Seven Wise Men of Greece,

bjects of theology, morals, and physical science, and founded what is called the Ionian sect in philosophy. Thales was the fir

ust and humane, and his countrymen respected him so highly, that they called upon him to make a new body of laws, which they p

the Athenians a republican government and many wise laws. These laws, called the Institutions of Solon , remained in force as

ts origin. The doctrines of the Hindus are contained in a sacred book called the Vedas. The language in which they are written

sacred books of the Hindus are carefully preserved by their priests, called Bramins. The Hindus acknowledge one supreme deity

ir priests, called Bramins. The Hindus acknowledge one supreme deity, called Brahma, or the great one; and they acknowledge th

men, the god of death. He is esteemed to be a child of the sun: he is called also, King of Justice. He is distinguished as bei

Vishnu takes upon himself different forms at different times, and is called by different names. The different characters of V

is called by different names. The different characters of Vishnu are called manifestations of Vishnu. When a god appears on e

. Rama, Chrishna, and Budha, another beneficent deity, are sometimes called the Avatars. They came into the world to abolish

an assemblage of all the deified heroes and princes of India, may be called the Hindu Pantheon: is about half way up the stee

ded under one name, ancient Scandinavia, and were inhabited by people called the Scandinavian nations. The religion of the Sca

t then proceeds to a description of the employments of the Destinies, called Nornies; the functions of the Deities; their most

din, was the greatest of their gods. The particular abode of Odin was called Lidskialf, or the trembling gate. He was called t

lar abode of Odin was called Lidskialf, or the trembling gate. He was called the universal father; the father of battles; beca

ffered to him. The fourth day of the week was consecrated to him, and called Wodin’s day, now corrupted into Wednesday. The su

d him in battle, on horseback, and shared the dead with him. Frea was called Vanadis, goddess of hope. Frea inhabited a magnif

fruitful seasons. The fifth day of the week was dedicated to him, and called after his name, Thor’s day or Thursday. The princ

imdal? Had Odin children? Niflheim. The Scandinavian hell was called Niflheim, and was represented as consisting of ni

but the Druids represented it to be a region of thick-ribbed ice, and called it the isle of the cold land. Hela was goddess of

Hela, where they pined in endless hunger and want. Hela lay upon abed called Koer, which signifies wasting and sickness, and t

ge was erected in a temple, built for that purpose at Alexandria, and called the Serapeum. It is said to have exceeded in magn

ns offered to him the first fruits of the lentils and pulse. The tree called Persea was consecrated to him, because its leaves

ere often wise men, and well-informed. These were the Magi, sometimes called Magicians. They were Magi, mentioned in the New T

present; though numbers still preserve their ancient faith. These are called Parsees, or Guebres. Orosmades or Oromazes, was t

hippers of Orosmades, that he was at constant war with a wicked being called Arimanius; that Arimanius was always endeavouring

the Greeks and Romans, believed in the immortality of the soul. They called Heaven the House of the Sun. They worshipped the

taught such a doctrine by one of their philosophers, Pythagoras: they called it the Metempsychosis, and many others professed

s no light, nor any living thing. This condition of the elements they called Chaos. The Mexicans held a tradition not unlike t

Mirror presented to him, and then remove himself to another kingdom, called Tla-pal-la. Having drunk the beverage, Quet-zal-c

laloc (master of paradise) was the Mexican god of water. The Mexicans called him fertiliser of the earth. His abode was on the

t they devoted young women to the services of the Sun, and these were called the Virgins of the Sun. Religion of Greece.

s intimated what might happen; and these signs, when favourable, were called auspices; and when unfavourable, portents. An aus

by the priests only. The apartment at the entrance of the temple was called the vestibule; and was open to the worshippers. T

fragrant substance burned in the worship of the ancients, in a vessel called a censer. To express the deepest humiliation they

happened there, and stopping, worshipped at the place which Jacob had called “the gate of heaven.” In a similar manner. Cathol

o show the vast resources of the Athenian state. ————— Those men are called divine, Who public structures raise, and who desi

Pericles. Among the articles of dress, may be seen the leathern boot called the cothornus, and resembling that sometimes worn

became immensely rich; but the oracle was uttered by a poor old woman called the Pythia: who was made to sit upon a stool, cal

a poor old woman called the Pythia: who was made to sit upon a stool, called , from its three feet, a tripod; and to inhale som

singers sung the first, they moved from east to west, this stanza was called the Strophe; the second stanza, the Antistrophe,

he tenth of the wheat, etc. The collecting of the tithes or taxes was called the gathering of tribute. In the xiv. chapter of

ve was supreme. Those who acknowledged one, “high throned above all,” called him Theon,14 or the God. Piety is a disposition t

recation or cursing, was practised by the ancients: this is sometimes called malediction. A curse is a supplication to some go

pen in consequence of our own or other person’s faults, are sometimes called curses. The Greeks had a most superstitious fear

-priest was appointed to enter that apartment of the temple which was called the most holy place, into which no other person c

ffairs. Among the holy persons of the Hebrews, was a religious order, called the Nazarites. These were persons who made a vow

he vow was made. The other holy persons were the whole tribe of Levi, called the Levites. It was their business to wait on the

n built was the Lord’s house. Both the Tabernacle and the Temple were called the Sanctuary. The Tabernacle was a movable tent,

. xxvi. The Tabernacle was divided into two apartments, the outermost called the holy place, and the innermost, called the hol

o apartments, the outermost called the holy place, and the innermost, called the holy of holies. The high-priest only entered

ween; and the space within this fence, and around the Tabernacle, was called the Court of the Tabernacle. The Tabernacle was c

ey were established in Canaan, it was set up in Shiloh, and is thence called the Lord’s House in Shiloh. The Temple was built

le was rent. The Temple, like the Tabernacle, contained the apartment called the most holy, and it was concealed from common e

rtain, or veil, was torn by the shock of an earthquake. Jerusalem was called by the Jews, he Holy City, because the Tabernacle

ten commandments were engraved. The book of the Law was that commonly called Leviticus. The Mercy-Seat was of pure gold, and f

mercy-seat, a perpetual and vivid light was apparent. This light was called by the Jews, the Shechina, or the habitation of G

. Upon this table were set every Sabbath, twelve cakes of fresh bread called the show-bread. This consecrated bread, according

ly. The lamb sacrificed and eaten by the Hebrews on this occasion was called the paschal lamb. Ripe corn (barley) was also off

he last day of the Passover was held a solemn assembly of the people, called a holy convocation. The Pentecost was observed fi

rsonesus is from the Greek, and signifies a peninsula. 7. The Greeks called all nations who were not Greeks, barbarians. 8.

sive editions of this work which the approbation of to the Public has called for, to the Grecian and Roman Mythology, illustra

vision? The first order comprised the Supreme Gods, who were likewise called Gods of the Nations, because they were known and

t were their names? They were divided into two classes; the first was called the Council of Jupiter, the supreme divinity, and

included the gods whom Ovid styled the celestial populace. They were called the Inferior Gods of Nations. They had no place i

the most ancient of the divinities? Cœlus, or Heaven, whom the Greeks called Uranus, was, by their account, the most ancient o

different names for the earth, was of the goddesses. Their sons were called Titan and Saturn, which latter was the same as Ch

ished to express by representing him with a double face; whence he is called Bifrons. We learn from history, that Janus was re

Latium, that the mountain, afterwards named the Capitoline Hill, was called Saturninus. From him, all Italy was sometimes cal

toline Hill, was called Saturninus. From him, all Italy was sometimes called Saturnia; and the festival of the Saturnalia was

e of things which prevailed, during his reign, in Italy, emphatically called the golden age.2 What were the actions and attri

e Deities of the first class. Janus must be reckoned among those gods called Indigetes. Besides his having two faces, he was r

that he presided over the times and seasons. Under this form, he was called Chronos or Time. What is the history of Cybele? C

nerally regarded as the mother of the gods, and, on that account, was called Magna Mater — the Great Mother. She had many name

, from different mountains, where she was worshiped. She was likewise called Ops and Tellus, as presiding over the earth; and

und, in imitation of the form of the earth. The feasts of Cybele were called Megalesia, and her priests Galli, from a river of

ls, and with frightful yells and cries.‌ 3 She had a temple at Rome, called Opertum, into which men were never admitted. Gre

ns. In short, almost every nation had its own Jupiter. The Ethiopians called him Assabinus; the Gauls, Taranus; the inhabitant

ich appellation they still retain; and the ocean that washes them was called the Atlantic Ocean. Jupiter ended his days in his

feat of the Titans. What were the principal names of this God? He was called Jou, that is, young, from being the youngest of S

was added to it; whence was formed Joupater and Jupiter. He was also called Zeus; Optimus Maximus, or the Best, and Greatest;

Juno? The daughter of Saturn; the sister and wife of Jupiter. She was called by the Greeks Hera, or Mistress: or Megale, the G

he Sun, long before the Apollo of the Greeks was known. The Chaldeans called him Belus; the Egyptians, Osiris; the Ammonites,

he river Po, in Italy, and scattered the fiery coursers. His sisters, called the Heliades, or daughters of the Sun, stood weep

he fell in love with Glaucus, a sea god, who, preferring a sea nymph, called Scylla, Circe transformed her into a sea monster,

pon this, Latona took refuge in a floating island of the Archipelago, called Delos, which was frequently covered by the waves.

o and Diana, her twin children. What were the names of Apollo? He was called Delos, from the island in which he was born. Phœb

ke that instrument. Having unfortunately killed a very beautiful boy, called Hyacynthus, by the blow of a quoit, he caused to

he blow of a quoit, he caused to spring up from his blood, the flower called after his name. Apollo was challenged to a musica

resumption, and afterwards metamorphosed him into a river in Phrygia, called , after him, Marsyas. Midas, king of Phrygia, havi

ious musical instruments, or engaged in scientific pursuits. They are called Muses, from a Greek word, signifying to meditate,

ippe, and Castalides from another fountain, at the foot of Parnassus, called Castalius. The Muses are frequently represented s

o, daughter of Jupiter and Latona. What were her names? The Egyptians called her Isis. Among the Greeks, Diana or Phebe was ho

hebe was honoured under three different characters, and was therefore called the triform Goddess. As a celestial divinity she

ose and dull. Dionysius, from his father Jupiter; or, from the nymphs called Nysæ, by whom he was nursed. Brisæus, from the us

ated, as may well be supposed, with riot and excess. His priestesses, called Bacchantes, Bassarides, Thyades, and Menades, ran

ionysia, Triterica, and Orgia; whence riotous meetings are frequently called orgies. Bacchus. Bacchus, on thee we call, in hy

hand, brandishing a beaming lance; in her left, bearing the buckler, called Egis, from being covered with the skin of the Goa

it. What other names were given her, besides that of Minerva? She was called Athena, from being the tutelary goddess of Athens

mple, the ruins of which still remain; to charm the eye of taste, was called the Parthenon, from her name of Parthenos. There,

on, from her name of Parthenos. There, likewise, the annual festival, called Panathena, was instituted for the same purpose. H

ng place of that court of judicature so renowned for its justice, was called Areopagus; Gradivus, in peace; Quirinus, in war;

haker of the Helmet. Where were his temples and what were his priests called ? He had several temples at Rome, and among the Gr

mong the Greeks and other warlike nations. His priests, at Rome, were called Salii, and had the care of the Ancilia, or sacred

Bellona? She was the sister of Mars, the goddess of war and cruelty, called by the Greeks Enyo. She is described as preparing

o heaven. What were her various names? By the Eastern nations she was called Urania and Astarte. By the Greeks, the Romans, an

works of his art. What were his various names? Besides Vulcan, he was called Lemnius, Mulciber, and Tardipes. Where were the p

. Were any other names given to this god? Besides Neptune, the Greeks called him Poseidon; and the Romans, Consus, the God of

im Poseidon; and the Romans, Consus, the God of Counsel. These latter called the games which they celebrated to his honour Con

lf into whatever forms he chose. Hence, a fickle person is frequently called a Proteus. History makes mention of a Proteus, ki

ea. The Gods, pitying their unhappy fate, changed them into the birds called Halcyons, and imparted to them the power of still

aiades; those who resided in marshes, Lymniades. The wood nymphs were called Dryades and Hamadryades. The nymphs of the mounta

d in the time of the Trojan War, and reigned over the Eolian islands, called , before, the Vulcanian. Eolus possessing penetrat

s was the goddess of shepherds and protectress of flocks. Her feasts, called Palilia or Parilia, were celebrated in the month

d half goat, holding in his hand the rural pipe, invented by him, and called Syrinx. He was generally venerated by the Arcadia

n the month of February, the Romans celebrated his feasts, which they called Lupercalia from the place consecrated to him, bei

and Remus were suckled by the wolf, in Latin lupus. His priests were called Luperci. Pan was also regarded as the inspirer of

s their sacrifice. When infants quitted one of their first ornaments, called the Bulla, it was deposited before the feet of th

of the infernal regions? Before the entrance of the infernal regions, called Avernus, was stationed a host of dreadful forms;

, was appointed to judge the Europeans. The tribunal stood in a place called the Field of Truth, which falsehood and calumny c

eeks named them Diræ, Erinnes, Disturbers of the Mind. They were also called Eumenides, or the Mild, when supposed to be appea

unished vice with unrelenting severity. Who were the Manes? The gods, called Manes, were not clearly distinguished by the anci

was the first who made use of sails, which, by poetical licence, were called wings. He is said to have built, for Minos, king

person once placed in it, could not find his way out again. This was called the labyrinth. Hence the proverb, to be in a laby

s, cut off by Perseus, was fixed in the formidable shield of Minerva, called the Egis. Who was Prometheus? The son of Iapetus,

ship, may be distinctly traced to very high antiquity. The one may be called the Osiric, or Brahminical superstition, the sour

of other divinities. On one side of the temples of Buddha, which are called by the general name of Veharri, are always monume

stence of an Eternal and Spiritual Being, who, by an act of his will, called forth the material universe, and gave origin to a

The holy books containing the principles of the Indian Mythology are called the Vedas. The sacred language of the Brahmins or

esteemed to be a child of the sun, and thence named Vaivaswata. He is called also, King of Justice. He is distinguished as bei

the sect amongst them which is peculiarly addicted to his worship is called Saura. Surya is represented as riding in a chario

ffusing a lustre scarcely endurable by the sight.” In the Hindû work, called the Ayeen Akbery, is another description of a tem

join upon some particular occasions, the sacrifice of a man; which is called Neramedha; or of a bull, which is named Gomedha;

an assemblage of all the deified heroes and princes of India, may be called the Hindû Pantheon, is about half way up the stee

e said to have worshiped the immortal, uncreated God alone, whom they called Cneph; for which reason they were exempted from c

er-stricken, under Mount Etna, or in a cavern in Cilicia. Nepthys was called by the Greeks Aphrodite, or Venus. A white cow wa

ge was erected in a temple, built for that purpose at Alexandria, and called the Serapeum. It is said to have exceeded in magn

e Theban Nome, or kingdom, the capital of which was, on that account, called by the Greeks, Diospolis, that is, the City of Ju

o all animated creatures. This vital ether, or principle of life, was called Ammon, or Jupiter. Who was Sem? Sem was the Egypt

ences. Hence the books composed by the priests on such subjects, were called Hermetic books, as being consecrated to Hermes, a

preceding Mercury, collecting them into forty-two volumes, which were called , “The Treasure of Remedies for the Soul.” Trisme

me as the Grecian Lucina. To her was dedicated a city in the Thebaid, called after her name. She was ranked among the ancient

o, or Buto? Bouto was another goddess worshiped by the Egyptians, and called by the Greeks Latona. At Boutos, near the Sebenny

fication of the preceding deity, was celebrated by a joyous festival, called Theophania, which continued seven days. The renew

of the soul. Seven Genii of the elements and chief powers of nature, called Amshaspands, were represented by the Persian myth

ing the Persian Mythology, as reformed and arranged by Zoroaster, was called the Zend-Avesta, and is till extant. The Zend-Ave

st of beings formed by the immediate hand of the Supreme. The Man was called Kaiomorts, and the Bull, Aboudad, and they were c

ed, and died. But after he was dead, from his left arm issued a being called Goschoraun, who, approaching the Creator God, rai

of animals. Zoroaster retained the custom, still practised by a tribe called Sagnicas, near Benares, that whosoever enters upo

present; though numbers still preserve their ancient faith. These are called Parsees, or Guebres. Who was the Ormuzd, or Orosm

serpent; a serpent, a globe, and wings united. Certain mysteries were called by his name, similar to those of Isis and Ceres;

great number of Gods and Goddesses, but their chief deity, whom they called Tahiti, is the Vesta of after-times. Next to her,

he most abominable and cruel rites. The priests of this religion were called Druids, and they had the entire direction of all

the dwelling place of all the Gods. The particular abode of Odin was called Lidskialf, or the trembling gate. He is called th

ular abode of Odin was called Lidskialf, or the trembling gate. He is called the universal father; the father of battles; beca

fices offered. The fourth day of the week was consecrated to him, and called Wodin’s day, now corrupted into Wednesday. The su

ept tears of gold; and from her constantly searching for him, she was called Vanadis, goddess of hope. She was supposed to hav

fruitful seasons. The fifth day of the week was dedicated to him, and called after his name, Thor’s day; Thursday. Which were

he Scandinavian Mythology, and who were its chief inhabitants? It was called Niflheim, and was represented as consisting of ni

t then proceeds to a description of the employments of the Destinies, called Nornies; the functions of the Deities; their most

hology is the description they give of the end of the world; which is called the twilight of the Gods. Three successive, sever

ted, the Coran mentions three, Allat, Al-Uzzah, and Manah. These were called goddesses, and the daughters of God; and this app

dols of the Mexicans and Peruvians? The chief God of the Mexicans was called Vitzliputzli, or Mexitli, whom they suppose to ha

tion with Vitzliputzli, the Mexicans worshiped another God, whom they called Kaloc. These were always placed together, as comp

, Cœlus, Genius, Orcus, Sol, Bacchus, Terra, and Luna? What were they called ? Of what Deities was the council of Jupiter compo

e owl to be the favourite bird of Minerva? By what people was Jupiter called Apis? Who was the daughter of Ceres, and what wer

t was the name of their ship, and the general name by which they were called ? Who was Chiron? To what monster was Œdipus the c

es give of the Deity? What are the holy books of the Indian Mythology called ? What is the Sanscrit? How is Brahme supposed to

t of Odin? What was the name of his wife, and what day of our week is called after her? After which of the Scandinavian Divini

thology [Part I]. Chapter I. Origin of Mythology — Divinities called Celestial. Ques. What is Mythology? Ans. This

l, yet could suffer pain and receive wounds. Instead of blood a fluid called ichor filled their veins. The deities resembled m

under his feet, and an eagle stands at his side. Jupiter is sometimes called Jove, and as the eagle was sacred to him, it is o

ometimes called Jove, and as the eagle was sacred to him, it is often called the bird of Jove. Ques. Relate the story of Dion

estroy all his male children, that he assembled the giants, generally called Titans, to avenge the injury. They overcame Satur

r Diana presided respectively over the sun and moon. The sun is often called Phœbus, or Apollo, and in ancient pictures the he

for the youth, and caused a flower to spring from his blood, which is called the hyacinth. Cyparissus [Cyparis′sus] was also b

— Animals Sacred to Mars — Names given to Mars — His Temple — Priests called Salii. Ques. Who was Mars? Ans. He was the so

ards against surprise. Ques. What other names had Mars? Ans. He was called Quirinus [Quiri′nus] when he was quiet, Gradivus

he might defend them against their enemies. Among the Romans, priests called Salii attended to the sacrifices of Mars, and on

s. Ques. How are these different equipments named? Ans. The rod was called Caduceus [Cadu′ceus], and possessed a wonderful f

ssessed a wonderful faculty for quieting all disputes. His helmet was called Petasus [Pet′asus], and his winged sandals Talari

nt function was to carry the commands of Jupiter. Mercury is commonly called the messenger of the gods. He also swept the room

, and at all cross roads. The Greeks had pillars of stone, which they called Hermæ, but the head which surmounted them was not

t afterwards men were admitted to join in these rites. The women were called Bacchantes, and ran about with their hair disheve

Ques. What children had Juno? Ans. Vulcan, Mars and Hebe. Hebe was called the goddess of youth, on account of her extraordi

le of Apollo declared that Troy would be safe so long as this statue, called Palladium, from Pallas, a name of Minerva, remain

as one of three sisters, the daughters of Phorcus. These maidens were called Gorgons, and were all immortal, except Medusa. Th

dusa, also, when her head was cut off, sprang the famous winged horse called Pegasus [Peg′asus]. This wonderful steed flew to

uty. She sprang from the froth of the sea; for this reason the Greeks called her Aphrodite [Aphrodi′te], from Aphros, meaning

vens in an ivory chariot drawn by doves. She wears a wonderful girdle called the Cestus, her doves are harnessed with golden c

gures which are directly opposite the great temple of Luxor. They are called by the Arabs, Shama and Dama. The statue of Memno

made Saturn partner of his kingdom, and that part of the country was called Latium, from a Latin word which meant to hide; it

Latium, from a Latin word which meant to hide; it was sometimes also called Saturnia. Saturn’s government was so wise and ben

ia. Saturn’s government was so wise and beneficial that his reign was called the Golden Age. The poets tell us that all men th

in the kingdom. He was generally represented with two faces, and was called hence, Janus Bifrons. He had many temples in Rome

Who were the servants of Vulcan? Ans. The attendants of Vulcan were called Cyclops, because they had each one eye in the mid

as Vulcan worshipped? Ans. The Romans celebrated feasts in his honor called Vulcania. At these they sacrificed animals by thr

ll; Neptune made a bull, Minerva a house, and Vulcan a man. Momus was called upon to decide their merits, but he blamed them a

dered discreditable to do so. Chapter XVI. Cybele. Cybele — How called by the Greeks — Parentage and Attributes — How re

estal Claudia. Ques. Who was Cybele? Ans. This goddess, sometimes called by the Greeks, Rhea, and by the Latins, Ops, is c

ced in a stately temple built for the purpose, and a solemn festival, called Megalesia, was celebrated annually, in honor of C

rated annually, in honor of Cybele. During these solemnities, priests called Galli and Corybantes ran about like madmen, with

acticed — Story of Triptolemus — Sacrifices offered to Ceres — Feasts called Ambarvalia — Described by Virgil. Ques. Who wa

after him, other distinguished foreigners were admitted to what were called the Lesser Mysteries. The Athenians were eager to

shepherds and the patron of fishing and fowling. The Latins sometimes called him Incubus or the “Nightmare,” and at Rome he wa

ch spreads through an assemblage of persons, particularly an army, is called a panic. Ques. What was the origin of Pan’s reed

Statues of this god were erected in every town of Italy. His festival called Vertumnalia, was kept in October. Chapter XXI

twin-sister of Apollo. This goddess had three names. On earth she was called Diana, and was honored as the goddess of woods an

nd was honored as the goddess of woods and hunting; in heaven she was called Luna, and was identified with the moon, as her br

th the moon, as her brother Apollo was with the sun. In hell, she was called Hecate [Hec′ate], and as spirits were supposed to

eir number as rendering her superior to Latona. The indignant goddess called upon Apollo and Diana to revenge the insult offer

ses. Some, also, had charge of certain fountains and rivers, and were called Naiades [Na′iades]; the nymphs of Ocean were Nere

er groves and even single trees. Ques. What were the woodland nymphs called ? Ans. Those who watched over the forests, and al

who watched over the forests, and always lived among the trees, were called Dryades [Dry′ades], from a Greek word which means

Greek word which means an oak; the Hamadryades [Hamadry′ades] were so called because they were attached, each to some particul

the goddess of shepherds and pastures. The Romans celebrated feasts, called Pallia, in her honor. They offered milk, and cake

g off of the Sabine women. The solemn games in honor of this god were called Consualia, and were celebrated in the month of Ma

flying-fish; they dwelt near the promontory of Peloris, or in islands called Sirenusæ, south of Italy. By the magical sweetnes

s from shipwreck, and was, therefore, invoked by mariners. The Romans called him Portunus, and honored him as the god of shore

ngdom, the infernal regions were allotted to him, and he is therefore called the king of Hell. Ques. How is Pluto represented

obliged to pass; they next came to a gloomy grove, and a black lake, called Avernus; this was overhung with such poisonous va

ys. Lethe was also a river of Hell; the name means oblivion; it is so called , because when the dead drank of its waters, they

ecto [Alecto], Tisiphone [Tisi′phone], and Megæra [Megæ′ra]. They are called by the poets the Daughters of Night; their office

rried snaky whips and lighted torches in their hands. They were often called by the Greeks Eumenides [Eumen′ides]. Ques. Of w

Danaus [Dan′aus] and grand-daughter of King Belus, from whom they are called . They all murdered their husbands on the wedding

mitted in life, they were conducted to a place abounding in delights, called Elysium. When they had passed many ages in this b

e killed the Chimæra. At present anything which is quite imaginary is called a Chimæra. Ques. What was the Sphinx? Ans. It w

rs. The circumstance of a mortal taking his place among the gods, was called an Apotheosis. Ques. Who was the most famous of

ram. Helle became terrified, and was drowned in the straits which are called from her, Hellespont. Phryxus arrived in safety a

whom were Hercules, Orpheus, Castor and Pollux, went on board a ship called the Argo, from which circumstance they were calle

nt on board a ship called the Argo, from which circumstance they were called Argonauts [Ar′gonauts]. On arriving at Colchis, t

nd as many maidens. These were usually devoured by a horrible monster called Minotaur, whom Minos, the king of Crete, kept in

son was dead. In his despair he cast himself into the sea, which was called Ægean [Æ′gean] from his name. Theseus, after perf

Ans. By his wife Pelione [Peli′one], he had seven daughters, who were called Pleiades; they were changed into stars, and form

same transformation; they were placed in the head of Taurus, and were called by the Greeks, Hyades, from a word which signifie

ls of the monster, the king sent him to fight against certain people, called Solymi [Sol′ymi], whom he had much difficulty in

could no longer sustain himself, and was drowned in that sea which is called Icarian, from his name. Dædalus arrived in Sicily

bed by Pliny and Aristotle, is the Alcedo Ispida, a species of martin called by the French, martin-pêcheur. This martin, howev

he terrified husbandmen everywhere fled in dismay. At length Meleager called on the heroes of Greece to join in a hunt and des

his loss, until Diana, pitying their sorrow, changed them into birds called Meleagrides. Nisus and Scylla. Ques. Relat

he was reduced to misery and famished as before. He had one daughter called Mestra, an only child, whom he sold to procure fo

He died at Brundusium, in the year 19, B. C. The Eclogues, sometimes called also Bucolica or Bucolics, are ten short pastoral

Modesty, on the spot where they parted. When the Grecian princes were called upon to revenge the abduction of Helen, Ulysses w

ome further particulars handed down by tradition. Æneas built a city, called from his bride, Lavinium. Here he governed his Tr

ever seen after. These books were preserved with great care, and were called the Sibylline Verses. A college of priests was ap

hen divinities were supposed to answer those who consulted them, were called oracles. This word was also applied to the respon

Ans. Dodona was a town of Epirus, probably situated in the valley now called Joannina, but the exact site has not been ascerta

mn ablutions; then, after offering sacrifice, and drinking of a water called Lethe, or oblivion, he descended by means of ladd

upiter Ammon? Ans. It was situated in an oasis of the Libyan desert, called by the ancients Ammon, and by the modern Arabs, S

where his whole army was in danger of perishing for want of water. He called on Jupiter for aid, and a ram suddenly appeared,

temple which he dedicated to Jupiter. As the surrounding country was called Hammodes [Hammo′des] from Hammon or Ammon, sand,

on — Prize — Nemean Games — Crowns bestowed — Isthmian Games — Why so called — Instituted in Honor of Melicertes — Garland bes

n to their homes in safety. The interval between the celebrations was called an Olympiad, and the Greeks usually counted time

e modern village of Kutchumadi. Ques. Why were the Isthmian Games so called ? Ans. They were named from the Isthmus of Corint

t and but little depth. The actors usually spoke in the central part, called logeum, or pulpitum. Behind this, the stage grew

pulpitum. Behind this, the stage grew deeper, and formed a quadrangle called the proscenium. This was enclosed by lofty buildi

Isthmian games, when he was waylaid by two robbers. The unhappy bard called in vain for aid; no human help was near; but his

or their calm majesty of expression. The material was what the Greeks called chryselephantine; that is, the flesh was composed

e adorned this temple may now be seen in the British Museum. They are called “Elgin Marbles,” because they were brought from G

escribe the Venus de Medicis? Ans. This statue, still perfect, is so called from having been in the possession of the Medicis

inerva. Ques. Describe the Apollo Belvidere? Ans. This statue is so called from the Belvidere gallery of the Pope’s palace.

. Later human sacrifices were offered to him in the valley of Hinnom, called also Tophet, which lay to the east of Jerusalem.

l’d, the type of Hell.” Ques. Who was Astaroth? Ans. This goddess, called by the Greeks Astarte, represented the moon, in t

ith primitive tradition. He taught the existence of one supreme Being called “the Eternal,” who created two other mighty being

aster brought from heaven. The Guebres, as these people are sometimes called , often built their temples over subterranean fire

. What do the Vedas teach of God? Ans. They teach one supreme deity, called Brahma, and like the Persians seem to have some i

ord. Ques. What is to be the tenth Avatar? Ans. The tenth Avatar is called Kalki, in which Vishnu will come to judge the wor

do you say of Siva? Ans. Siva, or Mahadeva, as he is more generally called , has a vast number of followers. His worshippers

Sudras? Ans. No regular caste, but there exists a most unhappy race called Pariahs, who are treated with the utmost contempt

t. Ques. What do they say? Ans. They say that he was a mortal sage, called Guatama, and also Buddha, or the Wise. Ques. Whe

? Ans. The first, of which Confucius is in some sort the founder, is called the “Doctrine of the Lettered;” the second is reg

imitive religion of the ancient inhabitants of China. The priests are called Tao-sse, or Doctors of Reason, from the principal

manifestations, and in the transmigration of souls. This doctrine is called the religion of Tao, or Reason. The priests are n

se, and more earnest with regard to religious matters. Their priests, called Lamas, live together in large communities. They a

ent legends of his race. The word Edda means ancestress, and it is so called because it is considered the mother of Icelandic

to Wednesday. Ques. Has Odin any other name? Ans. He was sometimes called Alfâdur, (All father,) but this name is occasiona

ge flickering light, which flashes up over the northern skies, and is called by men, “Aurora Borealis,” or “Northern Lights.”

ht, and were kindly disposed to mankind. The country of the Elves was called Alfheim, and was the domain of Freyr, the god of

e all the fairies equally beneficent? Ans. No; the Night Elves, also called Gnomes, and sometimes Brownies, were at times exc

Sweden with great stones of different forms, engraven with characters called Runic, which appear, at first sight, very differe

The magic verses were of various kinds. The noxious, or, as they were called , the bitter runes were recited to bring evils on

a thousand have been found. The language is a dialect of the Gothic, called Norse, still in use in Iceland. The inscriptions

iests — Their Duties — Bards — Their Influences — Druids, properly so called — Sacred Plants — Mystic Writing of the Druids — 

nto three orders; the priests, the bards, and the Druids, properly so called . Ques. What were the duties of the priests? Ans

ftains whose glory they sung. Ques. Who were the Druids, properly so called ? Ans. They were priests of the highest order, wh

branches of certain plants used in divination. These inscriptions are called in Ireland “ogham;” they are principally straight

Scotland, the first of May takes its name from this solemnity, being called in Gaelic, Beltane; and in Irish, Beal-Tinne, or

d was plunged in darkness. The flame was seen at Tara, and the Druids called loudly for the punishment of the sacrilegious str

he first day of November? Ans. The day was consecrated to the Moon, ( called in Ireland Samhain,) and was observed both in Gau

of the ancient Druidical worship? Ans. Certain monuments, which are called , according to their form, menhirs, dolmens or cro

ree times around the pyramid before reaching the summit. The Mexicans called their temples Teocallis, or “houses of God.” Que

he priests. The feast of Tezcatlipoca, one of the chief gods, who was called the “Soul of the World,” was celebrated by the sa

it in its glory, as being literally a mine of precious metals. It was called by the natives Coricancha, or “Place of Gold.” On

ion, Inca nobles, and therefore children of the Sun. The High Priest, called Villac Vmu, was second only to the Inca, and was

ficed on his tomb. The Peruvians believed in an evil spirit whom they called Cupay, but they did not attempt to propitiate him

elf in the battles of Marathon, Salamis and Platæa. Æschylus has been called the father of Grecian tragedy, as he was the firs

Euripides described them as they were. Herodotus, who has been called the Father of History, was born at Halicarnassus,

irty-seven books. It treats, not only of natural history, properly so called , but also of astronomy, biography, history, physi

eir mythology. These ruins, like some in the the Old World, are often called cyclopean, on account of the size of the blocks o

loneliness, desolation, and chaos, God we know, however, existed and called the universe into being. All that we, in our pres

with one “represented everywhere by the same characteristic features, called the Mythological, or Mythopœic age.” As the name

er Mount Etna. See Briareus. Æ′gis [Ægis], the shield of Jupiter, so called because it was made of goat-skin. “Where was thi

k the ship many leagues. The residence of Æolus was at Strongyle, now called Strombolo.             “Æolus from his airy thro

re carried in procession, and in the evening there was a great feast, called Cœna Saliaris. Androm′eda [Andromeda], the daugh

ous ox, worshiped in Egypt. A′pis [Apis], King of Argivia. Afterward called Serapis, the greatest god of the Egyptians. Apol

ipally by the following: — Sol (the sun); Cynthius, from the mountain called Cynthus in the Isle of Delos, and this same islan

n names of Apollo were Didymæus, Nomius, Pæan, and Phœbus. The Greeks called him Agineus, because the streets were under his g

Agineus, because the streets were under his guardianship, and he was called Pythius from having killed the serpent Python. Ap

isto, was turned into a he-bear; and afterward into the constellation called Ursa Minor. Archer, see Chiron. Areop′agi′tæ [A

This was the Grecian name of Diana, and the festivals at Delphi were called Artemisia. Arts and Sciences, see Muses. Arus′p

, for profaning her temple. A′te [Ate]. The goddess of revenge, also called the goddess of discord and all evil. She was bani

tain which bears his name of Atlas. A chain of mountains in Africa is called after him, and so is the Atlantic Ocean. He had s

Atlantic Ocean. He had seven daughters by his wife Pleione, they were called by one common name, Pleiades; and by his wife Æth

nd by his wife Æthra he had seven more, who were, in the same manner, called Hyades. Both the Pleiades and the Hyades are cele

are.” Lord Roscommon. At′ropos [Atropos], one of the three sisters called The Fates, who held the shears ready to cut the t

nt of futurity by the flight of birds, and the officiating priest was called an augur. Auro′ra [Aurora], the goddess of the m

assar′ides [Bassarides]. The priestesses of Bacchus were sometimes so called . Battle, see Valhalla. Bear, see Calisto. Beau

f Heaven. Beller′ophon [Bellerophon], a hero who destroyed a monster called the Chimæra. Bello′na [Bellona], the goddess of

a [Bellona], the goddess of war, and wife of Mars. The 24th March was called Bellona’s Day, when her votaries cut themselves w

′pedes [Capripedes]. Pan, the Egipans, the Satyrs, and Fauns, were so called from having goat’s feet. Caproti′na [Caprotina].

œculus], a violent robber, was a son of Vulcan. Cœ′lus [Cœlus], also called Uranus [or Heaven], was the most ancient of the g

he Greek Plutus. Cy′bele [Cybele]. The mother of the gods, and hence called Magna Mater. She was wife of Saturn. She is somet

covered with moss, and was said to live underground. He is sometimes called the king of the elves and fays. “Which wast bego

and was honored as a triform goddess. As a celestial divinity she was called Luna; as a terrestrial Diana or Dictynna; and in

either from his father Jupiter (Dios), or from his nurses, the nymphs called Nysæ. Dios′curi [Dioscuri]. Castor and Pollux, t

aces, The, were the attendants of Venus. Their names were, Aglaia, so called from her beauty and goodness; Thalia, from her pe

lespont to the part of the sea where Helle was drowned, and it is now called the Dardanelles. She was the daughter of Athamas

mnestra]. One of the fifty daughters of Danaus, who were collectively called the Danaides. She was the one who refused to kill

was worshiped. Idæ′an Mother [Idæan Mother]. Cybele was sometimes so called , in Cyprus, in which there is a grove sacred to V

tle of Janus, from the gates before the doors of private houses being called Januæ. Ja′nus [Janus]. A king of Italy, said to

nity under various names by most of the heathen nations. The Africans called him Ammon; the Babylonians, Belus; and the Egypti

ody. Krish′na [Krishna]. An Indian god, the revenger of wrongs; also called the Indian Apollo. Kro′do [Krodo]. The Saxon Sat

pis. Lap′ithus [Lapithus], son of Apollo. His numerous children were called Lapithæ, and they are notorious for their fight w

fertility; his festival day was 15th February, and the festivals were called Lupercalia. Lycaon′ian Food [Lycaonian]. Execrab

une, the tools of Vulcan, and the sword of Mars, and he was therefore called the god of thieves. He is the supposed inventor o

imallo′nes [Mimallones]. The “wild women” who accompanied Bacchus, so called because they mimicked his actions, putting horns

Moneta. Money-God, see Mammon. Moon. The moon was, by the ancients, called Hecate before and after setting; Astarte when in

always specially venerated by the ancients. The mountain-nymphs were called Oreads. “With flower-inwoven tresses torn, The n

us and Terra, and husband of Tethys. Several mythological rivers were called his sons, as Alpheus, Peneus, etc., and his daugh

ere called his sons, as Alpheus, Peneus, etc., and his daughters were called the Oceanides. Some of the ancients worshiped him

hepherds and sheepfolds and protectress of flocks; her festivals were called by the Romans Palilia. “Pomona loves the orchard

to Minerva when she destroyed a famous giant named Pallas. The Greeks called their goddess of wisdom Pallas Athene. See Minerv

ddesses who presided over the destiny of human beings. They were also called the Fates, and were three in number, Atropos, Clo

spoken of; when this is so, the name of the fourth is Pasithea. Also called Aglaia. Pav′an [Pavan], the Hindoo god of the wi

he caused water to spring forth, which formed the fountain afterward called Hippocrene. “Each spurs his faded     Pegasus ap

ea refused to fulfil her promise. Pelias had four daughters, who were called the Peliades. Pe′lias [Pelias] was the name of t

ation, for nothing could grow on its parched and withered banks. Also called Pyriphlegethon.         “… Infernal rivers…     

nus]. A rural divinity, who presided over the manuring of lands, also called Sterentius. Pi′cus [Picus]. A son of Saturn, fat

resided over the corn while it was being ground. At Rome he was hence called the god of bakers. Pine-Tree, see Atys. Pirith′

ps, a son of the nymph Thoosa and Neptune, or Poseidon, as the Greeks called the god of the sea. He captured Ulysses and twelv

ee Cephalus, her husband. Prog′ne [Progne], wife of Tereus. Commonly called Procne, whose sister was Philomela. See Itys and

s of “the Queen of Hell,” Hecate, Juno Inferna, and Libitina. She was called by the Greeks Persephone. “He sung, and hell con

es depicted with four faces instead of the usual two, and he was then called Janus Quadrifrons. Qui′es [Quies]. The Roman god

e Greek name of Cybele. She was a daughter of Uranus and Gæa, and was called Mother of the gods. Rhetoric, see Calliope, also

as an insult to the god. At the time of the sacrifice the people were called together by heralds led by a procession of musici

se, flour, salt, cakes, and fruit on the head of the victim. This was called the Immolation. The priest then took a cup of win

Her only connection with the goddesses of the time is that the Greeks called her “The tenth Muse.” Sarcasm, see Momus. Sa′ro

Sos′pita [Sospita]. A name of Juno, as the safeguard of women. She is called the “saving goddess.” So′ter [Soter]. A Greek na

dess in which the sacrifices were offered. Tenth Muse. Sappho was so called . Ter′eus [Tereus] was a son of Mars. He married

nd the Titans. The Greek name of Cœlus; his descendants are sometimes called Uranides. Ur′gus [Urgus]. A name of Pluto, signi

den], the Anglo-Saxon form of the Scandinavian god Odin; Wednesday is called after him. Women’s Safeguard, see Sospita. Wood

y that underlies these ancient legends.” Cox . “Language has been called ‘a map of the science and manners of the people w

rom west to east, and divided into two equal parts by the Sea as they called the Mediterranean, and its continuation the Euxin

g death, to enjoy an immortality of bliss. This happy region was also called the “Fortunate Fields,” and the “Isles of the Ble

they stood in daily need of food and sleep. The food of the gods was called Ambrosia, their drink Nectar. The gods when they

of Hemera* (the day) and Æther* (the air). In mythology, effects are called children. Gæa then brought forth Uranus* (the hea

s or Terra; Hindu, Prithivi; Samothrace*, Great Goddess. She was also called Titania*. Uranus, fearing that his turbulent offs

gyptian name Horus those parts into which the sun divides the day are called horse or hours. Helios and the ocean-nymph Clymen

before her statues, which the poor would then come and eat. This was called the “Supper of Hecate,” and the offering was made

ed, having three distinct faces united at the neck; such a figure was called “Triformis.” Chronos* (Time). Comparative

epared for battle. The struggle was fierce and lasted ten years. Zeus called to his aid the Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires. The f

supreme power, which now became vested in his son Zeus. This war was called the Titanomachia*. The whole myth of the overthro

, and was distinguished by such uninterrupted prosperity, that it was called the “Golden Age.” A temple in honor of Saturn was

y and the laws of the State. Greek festivals in honor of Chronos were called Chronia*. The Roman festival in his honor was cal

of Chronos were called Chronia*. The Roman festival in his honor was called “Saturnalia,” of which the Carnival is a survival

mal creation, more especially over the lion. The priests of Rhea were called Curetes* and Corybantes*. Her worship was always

iests grew frenzied with joy and cut themselves with knives. Rhea was called Idæa* Mater (Idæan Mother), from Mount Ida, on th

, the Greek Rhea was identified with Ops, the wife of Saturn. She was called Magna Mater, also Dindymene*. This latter title s

was concealed by his mother in a cave of Mount Ida, in Crete. A goat called Amalthea* provided him with milk; nymphs called M

Ida, in Crete. A goat called Amalthea* provided him with milk; nymphs called Melissæ fed him with honey, and eagles and doves

s signs and warnings, or to punish the transgressions of men. Zeus is called the “father of gods and men;” his power over both

hildren — two mortal and two immortal. They were Castor* and Pollux*, called Dioscuri* (sons of Zeus), and Helen and Clytemnes

on their golden wings are probably nothing more than what is commonly called St. Elmo’s fire — an electric flame which is ofte

eus, she recovered her original form and gave birth to a son, who was called Epaphus*. He afterwards became king of Egypt, and

ive welcome till they reached the cottage of an old man and his wife, called Philemon* and Baucis*, who entertained them as we

resented as having the horns of a ram. The temple of Libyan* Jove was called , together with the surrounding country, Hammonia,

fied the union of heaven and earth in the fertilizing showers. It was called “the sacred marriage,” and every living being was

er birth to her death. On the first of March, a grand annual festival called the Matronalia* was celebrated in her honor by al

of Poseidon and Thoosa*. The sea-god was the father of two giant sons called Otus* and Ephialtes*. When only nine years old, t

, whilst that of Poseidon was the symbol of war and bloodshed. Athené called the city Athens. Poseidon tamed the horse for the

outline of the human form it had quitted. These shades, as they were called , were driven by Aides into his dominions, where t

the centre of the earth a vast, gloomy, and impenetrably dark cavity called Orcus, which formed a place of eternal rest for t

th a solemn expiation or purification of the city. This expiation was called “februatio,” whence the name of the month. It con

ated cask, means the rainy sky.” Cox . Mœræ*. The Fates were called Mœræ* in Greek and Parcæ* in Latin. Either term s

embodiment of all the terrible imprecations which the defeated deity called down upon the head of his rebellious son. Their p

s consisted of black sheep and a libation composed of honey and water called Nephalia*. Besides the shrine in Athens, they had

l that lives into the hidden depths of the earth, whence the grave is called “the chamber of Persephone.” On the other hand, s

. As the god that strode with warlike step to the battlefield, he was called Gradivus* (from gradus, a step); it being popular

arlike exercises. The priests of Mars were twelve in number, and were called Salii*, or the dancers, because dancing in full a

Representations. 1. Seated in a chariot drawn by furious horses, called Flight and Terror; sometimes accompanied by Enyo*

e the temple of Athens, where she was most religiously worshiped, was called the Parthenon*6 (Virgin’s Shrine). Aristotle cal

thonius* (a serpent-legged son of Gæa and Hephæstus), were thereafter called Panathenæa*, and were celebrated every fifth year

oying, town-protecting, unwearied, invincible, people-rouser. She was called Hippea*, because she taught mankind to manage the

as built in a circle and was of moderate dimensions. The priestesses, called Vestal Virgins, were six in number, and were chos

artistic works can be created only in harmony with beauty. The Romans called this god Vulcanus, or, according to its more anci

the most beautiful of all the goddesses. She possessed a magic girdle called the cestus, which was endowed with the power of i

d for the dignified expression of the head. The Venus de Medici is so called from its having been in the possession of the pri

gled beauties of exulting Greece.” Greek festivals in her honor were called Aphrodisia. Sacrifices were goats and swine, with

n April, the month of buds, was held sacred to her. Annual festivals, called Veneralia*, were held in her honor. She was worsh

ification of the happiness of married life. By some authorities he is called a son of Apollo and the muse Urania. Others asser

it rebounded, and killed the youth. Apollo changed him into a flower, called for him the Hyacinth. Cyparissus* killed by accid

of the Ephesians,” was an ancient Asiatic divinity of Persian origin called Metra*, whom the Greek colonists in Asia Minor id

Zeus, and conductor of souls to the underworld; as the latter he was called Psychopompos*. He was also god of the fertilizing

wayfarer. He was also guardian of streets and roads, and his statues, called Hermæ* (pillars of stone surmounted by a head of

ered to him because the tongue is the organ of speech. Festivals were called Hermæa*. Mercury was worshiped by the Romans sole

Bacchus*, or Liber*; Hindu, Schiva; Egyptian, Osiris*. “Dionysus was called Bacchus both by the Greeks and Romans; that is, n

doned by Theseus*, and she became his wife. The Romans had a divinity called Liber*, who presided over vegetation, and was on

reek Dionysus, and worshiped under the name of Bacchus. His festival, called Liberalia*, was celebrated on the 17th of March.

ined with a garland of vine-leaves, or ivy. Epithets. — Dionysus was called Dithyrambos*, from the odes of that name, or from

e odes of that name, or from a story of his double birth; he was also called Muse-leader, bull-headed, fire-born, dance-rouser

llations from hills and fountains that were sacred to them. They were called Pierides* from Mount Pieria, Libethrides* from th

he 24th of June the time for her festival. The Romans honored a deity called Felicitas as the goddess of positive good fortune

s was believed to begin the new year, whose first month, January, was called for him and dedicated to him. New-Year’s day was

h. In the same way Janus was believed to begin every new day, and was called Matutinus Pater*. He appears also as the door-kee

ver ready to assist distressed mariners. Proteus*. Proteus* was called by some a son, by others a servant, of Poseidon.

to the banks of the river Ladon, when, feeling escape impossible, she called on the gods for assistance. They transformed her

ngth, joined them together, and succeeded in producing the instrument called syrinx, or Pandean pipes. “Here mythology has si

changed into a reed.” Müller . The Romans had an old Italian deity called Faunus*, who, as the god of shepherds, was identi

ho, as the god of shepherds, was identified with the Greek Pan. He is called Lupercus*, or the one that wards off wolves. S

aces devoted to sacred purposes, even where there were no trees, were called groves. That this habit must be of very remote an

gods by means of oracles, the Greeks also believed that certain men, called soothsayers, were gifted with the power of forete

on of the flames and smoke from the altar. The Roman soothsayers were called augurs. No enterprise was undertaken without cons

th speech. Each god contributed something to perfect her, and she was called Pandora* (all-gifted). Hermes, the messenger of t

eated by the gods, and that there had been successive ages which were called Golden, Silver, Brazen, and Iron Ages. The Golden

length it occurred to Deucalion that it must be stones, which may be called the bones of the earth, the great parent of all,

Greece after the restoration of mankind by Deucalion and Pyrrha were called by posterity the Heroes. Centaurs* and Lapithæ

joined with Cadmus to build the city of Thebes. Their posterity were called the Sparti* (the sown). For killing the sacred dr

Ten years after these events, the sons of the slain heroes, who were called Epigoni* (descendants), resolved to avenge the de

ne in the grove of Poseidon*. “There was a burning mountain in Lycia called Chimæra, whose top was the resort of lions on acc

the story of Bellerophon, the reference to the sun is obvious. He was called the son of Poseidon, who was sometimes called Gla

sun is obvious. He was called the son of Poseidon, who was sometimes called Glaucus. None could appreciate this genealogy bet

y were guarded by another giant named Eurytion*, and a two-headed dog called Orthrus*. Geryon inhabited an island in the far w

Gæa to Hera on her wedding-day. This tree was guarded by four maidens called Hesperides, and by a terrible dragon which never

estored the horn, and received in exchange that of the goat Amalthea, called the Horn of Plenty, which produced everything its

-scene in the story of Heracles is the last incident in what has been called the ‘Tragedy of Nature’ — the battle of the sun w

id waste the country. On the borders of Megara* dwelt another monster called Sciron*, who compelled travelers to wash his feet

anquished. On the banks of the Cephissus* he met the giant Damastes*, called Procrustes* (Stretcher), who had two iron beds, o

of a high tower. Athene, who saw him falling, changed him into a bird called the partridge. This bird always avoids high place

. On the way, Helle fell into the sea and was drowned; so the sea was called for her Hellespont (Helle’s Sea). Phryxus arrived

a fearful crash. This was caused by the meeting of two immense rocks called the Symplegades*, which floated about in the sea,

of the Cyclopes. The name means “round eye,” and these giants were so called because they had but one eye, and that was placed

r thy meal of man’s flesh.” Delighted with the delicious beverage, he called for more, and was again supplied. The giant was s

f beasts. The sounds of soft music were heard from within. Eurylochus called aloud, and the goddess came forward and invited t

as was warned in a dream to leave the country and seek a western land called Hesperia, whence Dardanus, the true founder of th

phed over his foe, obtained Lavinia as his bride. -Æneas built a city called Lavinium. Here he governed his Trojan and Italian

messenger of the gods, and, as guide of souls to and from Hades, was called Psychopompus. Musæ, or Muses, presided over music

ted Egyptian book is the “Book of the Manifestations to Light,” often called the “Book of the Dead.” It is a ritual for the us

ies. The rites and ceremonies were regulated by the priests, who were called Magi*. The learning of the Magi was connected wit

ance of Indra, as Python* is pierced by that of Apollo. As such he is called Ahi*, which is the same as the Greek Echidna* and

e bright horses of the sun; in the West, they became beautiful women, called by the Greeks, Charites*, by the Latins, Gratiæ,

Cupid. Arusha was said to awaken the earth with his rays. Brahma is called a son of Brahm, a name for the Great First Cause

or, Vishnu the preserver, and Siva the destroyer. Siva is frequently called Mahâdeva, or Mahadeo* (in Greek, Megas Theos*), t

derived from the same root with the words, mind and man; man being so called as the measurer, or thinker. The worshipers of Vi

ublimity. These mythological records are contained in two collections called the Eddas*. The older is in poetry and dates back

by oral tradition only. The word Edda means ancestress, and it is so called because it is considered the mother of Icelandic

nd were kindly disposed towards mankind. The country of the Elves was called Alfheim*, and was the domain of Freyr, the god of

sun, in whose light they were always sporting. The Night Elves, also called Gnomes*, and sometimes Brownies*, were at times e

ering light, which flashed up over the northern skies. This light was called by men the Aurora Borealis*. Ragnarok*, or the T

of the Volsung, which was afterwards remodeled in the great epic poem called the “Nibelungen-Lied,”* or “Lay of the Children o

and desolation of winter. The other great festival of the Druids was called “Samhin,” or the “fire of peace,” and was held on

o and other dainties, placing them in the clefts of the rocks. Though called the Great Hare, he was always referred to as a ma

s the land, Michabo sends forth his messengers, who, in the myth, are called Gijigouai, which means ‘those who make the day,’

e and the Dark One. Ioskeha went about the earth, which was arid, and called forth the springs and lakes, and formed the brook

a fortified hill at Athens, entered through a magnificent temple-gate called the Propylæa*. 8. Erechtheum*, a temple north of

shall dislike him, and he shall make her miserable.” Venus had a son called Cupid. He was the god who made young people love

ost ill-looking, disagreeable man that can be imagined. Venus one day called to her the god of love, and said, “I have a commi

uous Psyche,” said the queen of love and beauty, as she was sometimes called , “that some power, to me unknown, has thought fit

see some cakes and some money. The cakes you will give to a great dog called Cerberus, who will bark at you and bite you, when

, and who will be quiet if you offer him a cake. And there is a river called the Styx, which you must cross, where you will se

All the gods, the celestial, terrestrial, marine, and infernal, were called to the celebration. Jupiter introduced Psyche to

t king, who did much good and some harm, and after he was dead he was called the king of Gods and men. Ann. Who was Ceres? M

d Hell, where the good and the bad go after death. Mother. Yes; they called their heaven Elysium, and their hell was Tartarus

ithout pay? Mother. He was Charon. The ancients fabled that a river, called the Styx, separated the borders of this world fro

form or shape, as that of a woman to a tree. This change is sometimes called a metamorphosis. In the heathen mythology are man

ng carefully about what one hears. This carrying off of Proserpine is called the Rape of Proserpine, which means the rapid, su

f chestnuts as an article of food. They make a sort of pudding of it, called polenta. Becubo had polenta for the supper of her

not a long distance, not much more than two hundred miles, in what is called an air-line; but then the vessels in use were not

caonia, The gods are come down to us in the likeness of men. And they called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius, because h

n Asia Minor. When they saw the miracles done by Paul and Silas, they called them Jupiter and Mercury. Not far from Lystra was

and entered the cottage. A stout oaken bench, with a hard back to it, called a settle, was drawn towards the fire, and the gue

e southern countries of Europe, and it may be of Western Asia. She is called in poetry, Philomela, from that fable you have be

inner of their city. Ann. Did he call it Athens? Mother. No. It was called for him, Cecropia; but the name was altered after

hem, and for the people whom he found in Attica, so that district was called , and they and his followers became one people, an

Had the Egyptians and Greeks the same gods? Mother. Yes, though they called them by different names. Do you not remember that

ng about Mercury. Mother. Mercury was an Egyptian god. The Egyptians called him Hermes. I will tell you his attributes. Ann.

the experiment, and it produced very sweet tones. This instrument was called the lyre, and was a favourite instrument of the G

the muses. Poets made songs to be sung to the music of the lyre, and called their songs lyrics; and the poets were called lyr

music of the lyre, and called their songs lyrics; and the poets were called lyric poets. We frequently call animated poetry l

nd when strangers, who were young and handsome, visited a place, they called them gods, and perhaps they believed it Ann. Wha

when we wake, they walk unseen” about us, doing us good or harm. They called the good spirit, a good genius; and the wicked, s

way with her from Asia to the continent opposite, which was afterward called Europe, for Europa. Agenor, when he heard of the

d Semele. Antinoe married a prince named Aristeus, and they had a son called Acteon. This Acteon was one of the most expert hu

to it. When some young girls and their governess, who in the fable is called Diana, entered the place, they found the intruder

ster-deities, who made man wicked and miserable. These they sometimes called the Furies, and sometimes the Eumenides. The furi

Juno was not much inclined to pass the triple-headed monster; so she called the Daughters of Night, who were the keepers of t

life. These Furies, whom you have read of as very cruel, some persons called by another name, the Eumenides; and that means, t

od. Semele, one of the daughters of Cadmus, had a little boy, who was called Bacchus. His mother died when he was very young,

ter this transformation, held in his hand a staff, wreathed with ivy, called a thyrsus, and he was immediately surrounded by t

en loosed, and they soon went ashore. Bacchus then commenced what are called his conquests, but more properly his travels. He

ls were every where celebrated in honour of him. These festivals were called Orgies, and were sometimes held in the wood, and

n, dressed to represent Bacchus, was placed in a car, attended by one called Silenus, riding on an ass, and followed by a mult

at Athens, festivals in honour of Bacchus were very decent. They were called Dionysia, and magistrates restrained the people f

ined the people from committing any impropriety. The same worship was called the Brumalia at Rome; but the Roman people, like

present time. You know that there is a feast of the Christian Church, called the Epiphany. Arm. The Epiphany celebrates the v

her. Money buys every thing in this world; so, in this fable, it was called a god: afterward, Jupiter gave Danæ a little son,

was called a god: afterward, Jupiter gave Danæ a little son, whom she called Perseus. As soon as Acrisius heard of the birth o

persons in her temple, or any other, behaved improperly, the ancients called it profaning the temple, and sacrilege, and cause

by two dragons. The dominion of Atlas extended to that ocean which is called , from his name, the Atlantic; and there, every ev

in it the figure of a ram, with large horns; and so he was sometimes called “horned Ammon.” Cepheus entreated the oracle to i

ts, upon which the Medusa was laid, were changed to the substance now called coral. ——— Perseus, in token of his gratitude to

country whither the god had directed me, I saw first some ugly women, called the Graiæ, and they informed me where I should fi

ew kingdom. He became the founder of a new city, near Argos, which he called Mycenæ. As long as Dictys lived, he was loved and

call that feeling, the hatred of the bad for the good? Mother. It is called Envy. When we wish to imitate the good, that is e

is a name of the planet Venus, when she rises before the sun, and is called the Morning Star. When that star is seen at eveni

were at Mount Helicon. Minerva, who was never married, was sometimes called the martial, or warlike maid, and she was often s

ately gushed from the rock long sealed and dry. “We have,” said she, “ called the fountain Hippocrene, for our winged horse, Pe

te her. Juno found a hideous serpent, hatched in the mud of the Nile, called the Python, and she employed him to torment Laton

d her. Neptune took pity upon her, and raised up an island, afterward called Delos, from the bosom of the Egean, on purpose to

had shot away every one of his arrows, or darts. Apollo was afterward called Python. Conversation: Mother and Ann. Ann.

me of them? Mother. After he had killed the Python, he was sometimes called Pythias. The Greeks built a temple in honour of A

“rocky Pytho.” They instituted an oracle there, and the priestess was called the Pythia. They said that the tripod on which th

Python. And they celebrated the death of the Python in certain games, called the Pythian. Ann. What was a tripod? Mother. It

Here is one with an antique lamp on it. There was a street at Athens called the street of the Tripods. Ann. What do you mean

unding people shouted and praised the victors. This sort of praise is called glory. Too much love of it is vain-glory. Apollo’

physician might have found a remedy for it; and then the disease was called a serpent, and the healer a god Apollo was the go

n his fame, or the admiration of mankind for him. Ann. It is what is called a metaphorical, or figurative way of speaking, wh

h probably is, that some person whose lands lay along the rivers, was called the god of that river. Upon a map of Greece, the

hosis, but he converted the reeds to a flute of seven pipes, which he called Syrinx, “and like this,” concluded Mercury, “whic

ant persecutor, Io plunged into the Mediterranean, at that part since called from her the Ionian Sea; thence she passed over I

t for the gods, it would seem without dread of their vengeance, Manto called upon the people to be more zealous in their devot

ully inscribed. Preface. If no other knowledge deserves to be called useful but that which helps to enlarge our posses

llation. But if that which tends to make us happier and better can be called useful, then we claim that epithet for our subjec

rom west to east and divided into two equal parts by the Sea, as they called the Mediterranean, and its continuation the Euxin

f death, to enjoy an immortality of bliss. This happy region was also called the “Fortunate Fields,” and the “Isles of the Ble

ens whom he made to wait on himself. Jupiter, or Jove, (Zeus,) though called the father of gods and men, had himself a beginni

e temptation and fall of man, “And fabled how the serpent, whom they called Ophion, with Eurynome, (the wide- Encroaching Eve

ing of gods and men. The thunder was his weapon, and he bore a shield called Ægis, made for him by Vulcan. The eagle was his f

f the most ill-favored of gods. Venus possessed an embroidered girdle called Cestus, which had the power of inspiring love. He

d winged shoes. He bore in his hand a rod entwined with two serpents, called the caduceus.2 Mercury is said to have invented

lling. Their names were Alecto, Tisiphone, and Megæra. They were also called Eumenides. Nemesis was also an avenging goddess.

onement by Jupiter he fled to Italy, where he reigned during what was called the Golden Age. In memory of his beneficent domin

c and private hearth. A sacred fire, tended by six virgin priestesses called Vestals, flamed in her temple. As the safety of t

ith inhabitants, the first age was an age of innocence and happiness, called the Golden Age. Truth and right prevailed, though

ay see in a clear night, stretches across the face of the sky, and is called the Milky Way. Along the road stand the palaces o

red by the waters of the flood produced an excessive fertility, which called forth every variety of production, both bad and g

ot yet adopted by Apollo as his own tree. The famous statue of Apollo called the Belvedere represents the god after this victo

g, repair to a well-known edifice standing without the city’s bounds, called the Tomb of Ninus, and that the one who came firs

. Cephalus raised her from the earth, strove to stanch the blood, and called her to revive and not to leave him miserable, to

flock. As he strolled on he blew upon his pipes. These were what are called the Syrinx or Pandean pipes. Argus listened with

gether, of unequal lengths, side by side, made an instrument which he called Syrinx, in honor of the nymph.” Before Mercury ha

awn.” The last star in the tail of the Little Bear is the Pole-star, called also the Cynosure. Milton says: — “Straight mine

g her face with her hand, looked up to heaven, and with a husky voice called on Jupiter. “O, ruler of the gods, if I have dese

he Road gives an account of a celebrated picture by Albano, at Milan, called a Dance of Loves: — “’Tis for the theft of Enna’

attired. He laid her on a couch spread with cloths of Tyrian dye, and called her his wife, and put her head upon a pillow of t

ows the blossoms open, and afterwards blows the petals away; so it is called Anemone, or Wind Flower, from the cause which ass

ade her escape, and returned by her bow the way she came. Then Somnus called one of his numerous sons, — Morpheus, — the most

y winds sunk my ship in the Ægean Sea, waves filled my mouth while it called aloud on you. No uncertain messenger tells you th

hen the people showered upon me undeserved honors, and with one voice called me a Venus. I now perceive that I am a victim to

next morning and ascended the mountains, and having reached the top, called upon Zephyr to receive her and bear her to his lo

for her supper and went away. Next morning Venus ordered Psyche to be called and said to her, “Behold yonder grove which stret

them all zealous and unscrupulous followers of a political chief are called by that name, down to this day. But the origin of

city to the new-born race, and to parcel out the fields among them I called them Myrmidons, from the ant, (myrmex,) from whic

re?” Echo replied, “Here.” Narcissus looked around, but seeing no one called out, “Come.” Echo answered, “Come.” As no one cam

called out, “Come.” Echo answered, “Come.” As no one came, Narcissus called again, “Why do you shun me?” Echo asked the same

aise above The sea-nymphs, and their powers offended.” Cassiopeia is called “the starred Æthiop queen” because after her deat

his dreadful result of his unjust aggression, and felt confounded. He called aloud to his friends, but got no answer; he touch

ze a wide distinction among them. The human giants, if so they may be called , such as the Cyclopes, Antæus, Orion, and others,

ho carried him to his master and mistress, by whom he was adopted and called Œdipus, or Swollen-foot. Many years afterwards La

bes was afflicted with a monster which infested the high-road. It was called the Sphinx. It had the body of a lion and the upp

st: — “Descend from Heaven, Urania, by that name If rightly thou art called , whose voice divine Following above the Olympian

gittarius. The Pygmies. The Pygmies were a nation of dwarfs, so called from a Greek word which means the cubit or measur

e name was Helle, fell from his back into the sea, which from her was called the Hellespont, — now the Dardanelles. The ram co

ece. Hercules, Theseus, Orpheus, and Nestor were among them. They are called the Argonauts, from the name of their vessel. The

ding to atoms any object that might be caught between them. They were called the Symplegades, or Clashing Islands. Phineus ins

promised her marriage, and as they stood before the altar of Hecate, called the goddess to witness his oath. Medea yielded, a

princess of Corinth, put away Medea. She, enraged at his ingratitude, called on the gods for vengeance, sent a poisoned robe a

ion by the slaughtering foe. All common aid seemed vain; but Meleager called on the heroes of Greece to join in a bold hunt fo

ing, of the goddess Cybele.   Cybele is the Latin name of the goddess called by the Greeks Rhea and Ops. She was the wife of C

rim is carved in the form of towers and battlements. Her priests were called Corybantes.   Byron in describing the city of Ve

eus enjoined upon him a succession of desperate adventures, which are called the “Twelve Labors of Hercules.” The first was th

er with three bodies, who dwelt in the island Erytheia, (the red,) so called because it lay at the west, under the rays of the

each side, forming the straits of Gibraltar, the two mountains being called the Pillars of Hercules. The oxen were guarded by

daughter Hebe in marriage.   The poet Schiller, in one of his pieces called the Ideal and Life, illustrates the contrast betw

, in all of which Theseus was victorious. One of these evil-doers was called Procrustes, or the Stretcher. He had an iron beds

eserved punishment, and arrived in Asia, where the country afterwards called Media received its name from her, Theseus was ack

d them to be removed to Athens, where they were deposited in a temple called the Theseum, erected in honor of the hero.   The

the hero.   The queen of the Amazons whom Theseus espoused is by some called Hippolyta. That is the name she bears in Shaksper

it was submerged in the blue waters of the sea, which thenceforth was called by his name. His father cried, “Icarus, Icarus, w

he water, and bitterly lamenting his own arts, he buried the body and called the land Icaria in memory of his child. Dædalus a

y, saw him falling, and arrested his fate by changing him into a bird called after his name, the Partridge. This bird does not

tes of the atmosphere play round the sails and masts of vessels, were called by their names. After the Argonautic expedition,

ence sudden fright without any visible cause was ascribed to Pan, and called a Panic terror. As the name of the god signifies

sea-nymphs. The three last named were immortal, but the wood-nymphs, called Dryads or Hamadryads, were believed to perish wit

rthrow of the beautiful mythology of ancient times in a way which has called forth an answer from a Christian poet, Mrs. E. Ba

n answer from a Christian poet, Mrs. E. Barrett Browning, in her poem called The Dead Pan. The two following verses are a spec

have ordained that these two goddesses shall never come together, she called an Oread from her mountain and spoke to her in th

on a dolphin. The Isthmian games were celebrated in his honor. He was called Portunus by the Romans, and believed to have juri

ith fragrant flowers. Plenty adopted my horn and made it her own, and called it ‘Cornucopia.’”   The ancients were fond of fin

m. He makes that event the first introduction of poetry to men. “Men called him but a shiftless youth,     In whom no good th

ir union more than a year when it was interrupted by the events which called Ulysses to the Trojan war. During his long absenc

xed somewhat of their hardness, softened by his notes. Hymen had been called to bless with his presence the nuptials of Orpheu

Proserpine could not resist, and Pluto himself gave way. Eurydice was called . She came from among the new-arrived ghosts, limp

stomed to the lyre, and not to the strife of arms, sank powerless. He called for help on men and gods, but his cry reached no

the greatest poems of antiquity, those of Homer and Virgil. Menelaus called upon his brother chieftains of Greece to fulfil t

priest, and sent pestilence into the Grecian camp. Then a council was called to deliberate how to allay the wrath of the gods

driven from the field and took refuge in their ships. Then Agamemnon called a council of his wisest and bravest chiefs. Nesto

in all her charms, and to crown all had borrowed of Venus her girdle, called Cestus, which had the effect to heighten the wear

lus his request to lead the Myrmidons (for so were Achilles’ soldiers called ) to the field, and to lend him his armor, that he

non and bitterly lamenting the miseries that had resulted from it, he called on them to proceed at once to the field. Agamemno

n Hector stood without determined to await the combat. His old father called to him from the walls and begged him to retire no

o splendid tripods and a golden cup of matchless workmanship. Then he called to his sons and bade them draw forth his litter a

. On the spot where his blood sank into the earth a flower sprang up, called the hyacinth, bearing on its leaves the first two

ief hung herself.17 There was in Troy a celebrated statue of Minerva called the Palladium. It was said to have fallen from he

Milton also alludes to a famous recipe for an invigorating draught, called Nepenthe, which the Egyptian queen gave to Helen:

only possessors. The name means “round eye,” and these giants were so called because they had but one eye, and that placed in

s flesh.” He took and drank it, and was hugely delighted with it, and called for more. Ulysses supplied him once again, which

t out of his way and concealed themselves in the cave. He, bellowing, called aloud on all the Cyclopes dwelling in the caves a

were heard from within, and a sweet female voice singing. Eurylochus called aloud and the goddess came forth and invited them

er’s hospitality when he should become acquainted with the facts. She called back her scattered maidens, chiding their alarm,

s was warned in a dream to leave the country and seek a western land, called Hesperia, whence Dardanus, the true founder of th

founder of the Trojan race, had originally migrated. To Hesperia, now called Italy, therefore, they directed their future cour

t his anger was not the less at this interference in his province. He called the winds and dismissed them with a severe reprim

rips, and with them enclosed a spot on which she built a citadel, and called it Byrsa, (a hide.) Around this fort the city of

others dancing or singing. Orpheus struck the chords of his lyre, and called forth ravishing sounds. Here Æneas saw the founde

s, lions, tigers, cats, dogs, monkeys, etc. This is what the ancients called Metempsychosis, or the transmigration of souls; a

rupted, and seizing a weapon, stepped forward to the river’s bank. He called aloud, demanding who they were, and what their ob

gave them laws. Such peace and plenty ensued that men ever since have called his reign the golden age; but by degrees far othe

am fixed in the resolution to go with you. Let us lose no time.” They called the guard, and committing the watch to them, soug

restored to your friends, and have due funeral honors.” So saying, he called the timid followers and delivered the body into t

d Lavinia for his bride. Tradition adds that he founded his city, and called it after her name, Lavinium. His son Iulus founde

ef portion of his life at Crotona in Italy. He is therefore sometimes called “the Samian,” and sometimes “the philosopher of C

Two was imperfect, and the cause of increase and division. Three was called the number of the whole because it had a beginnin

. The Egyptians acknowledged as the highest deity Amun, afterwards called Zeus, or Jupiter Ammon. Amun manifested himself i

come down to us that the treatment of the sick resembled what is now called Animal Magnetism or Mesmerism. Serpents were sacr

was induced in the Pythoness, and the faculty of clairvoyance really called into action. Another question is as to the time w

turn, who devours his own children, is the same power whom the Greeks called Cronos, (Time,) which may truly be said to destro

veyed to the mind under the several names of deities was a task which called into exercise the highest powers of genius and ar

Grecian art. It was of colossal dimensions, and was what the ancients called “chryselephantine;” that is, composed of ivory an

reedom from any transient expression, which in the language of art is called repose. The Venus de’ Medici. The Venus of

led repose. The Venus de’ Medici. The Venus of the Medici is so called from its having been in the possession of the pri

emed of all the remains of ancient sculpture is the statue of Apollo, called the Belvedere, from the name of the apartment of

answered by the statement that there was a professional body of men, called Rhapsodists, who recited the poems of others, and

, on the authority of Herodotus, is 850 B. C. Virgil Virgil, called also by his surname, Maro, from whose poem of the

Thebes he flies.” The Cockatrice, or Basilisk. This animal was called the king of the serpents. In confirmation of his

Would they were basilisk’s, to strike thee dead!” The basilisks were called kings of serpents because all other serpents and

s practice, all rambling, gossiping tales of doubtful credibility are called cock and bull stories. The above print is entitle

which may have given rise to the story. The rhinoceros horn, as it is called , is such a protuberance, though it does not excee

he hottest part of that element. Instantly perceiving what it was, he called for my sister and me, and after he had shown us t

em as much of his own nature as seemed good to him. Of these, Ormuzd ( called by the Greeks Oromasdes) remained faithful to his

eligious rites and ceremonies were regulated by the priests, who were called Magi. The learning of the Magi was connected with

earth in different incarnations, or bodily forms, which descents are called Avatars. They are very numerous, but ten are more

original power of this god as a destroyer; that power not being to be called into exercise till after the expiration of twelve

the sovereign of the country was chosen from the Shatriya class, also called Rajputs, the Brahmans possessed the real power, a

by his followers to have been a mortal sage, whose name was Gautama, called also by the complimentary epithets of Sakyasinha,

ish ancestors, derive our origin. It is that of the northern nations, called Scandinavians, who inhabited the countries now kn

Iceland. These mythological records are contained in two collections called the Eddas, of which the oldest is in poetry and d

and made a man out of it, and they made a woman out of an elder, and called the man Aske and the woman Embla. Odin then gave

Wednesday, the name of the fourth day of the week. Odin is frequently called Alfadur, (All-father,) but this name is sometimes

to his hand of its own accord. The second rare thing he possesses is called the belt of strength. When he girds it about him

sent to her; that is, all who die of sickness or old age. Her hall is called Elvidnir. Hunger is her table, Starvation her kni

sent a messenger to the mountain spirits, who made for them the chain called Gleipnir. It is fashioned of six things, viz., th

o had come amongst them. Feeling no longer bound by their oaths, they called on Thor, who immediately ran to their assistance,

rmed by an earthquake which shook the whole edifice. Thor, rising up, called on his companions to seek with him a place of saf

ess ourselves; but you have not now a long way before you to the city called Utgard. I have heard you whispering to one anothe

ght thou must pull deeply; and I must needs say that thou wilt not be called so mighty a man here as thou art at home if thou

t one little shrub that grows on the eastern side of Valhalla, and is called Mistletoe, and which I thought too young and feeb

inferior to the gods, but still possessed of great power; these were called Elves. The white spirits, or Elves of Light, were

and generally appeared as fair and lovely children. Their country was called Alfheim, and was the domain of Freyr, the god of

they, disregarding its fall, direct their course to the battle-field called Vigrid. Thither also repair the wolf Fenris, the

eeting with great stones of different forms, engraven with characters called Runic, which appear at first sight very different

They were chiefly used for magical purposes. The noxious, or, as they called them, the bitter runes, were employed to bring va

a thousand have been found. The language is a dialect of the Gothic, called Norse, still in use in Iceland. The inscriptions

s of their heroes living or dead. The compositions of the Skalds were called Sagas, many of which have come down to us, and co

e large stones or piles of stones on the summits of hills. These were called Cairns, and were used in the worship of the deity

in each year. The former took place in the beginning of May, and was called Beltane or “fire of God.” On this occasion a larg

in winter to fade;” etc. The other great festival of the Druids was called “Samh’in,” or “fire of peace,” and was held on Ha

so that the original number was always kept up. Their institution was called a monastery and the superior an abbot, but the sy

d propose the following hypothesis on the subject. The temple usually called that of Ceres at Rome was in reality one of the t

ures, and those of its princes and heroes, and which may therefore be called domestic ; or those of ancient or distant nations

gents of them, in the sense in which the archangel Uriel is by Milton called the regent of the sun. Personification properly a

in by mountains that the streams leave them by subterranean passages, called by the ancient Arcadians Zerethra (ζέρεθρα, i. e.

uman race by flinging stones behind them20. There was a place at Rome called Argiletum : this word, which evidently signifies

point of land between Hastings and Pevensey, on the coast of Sussex, called Bulverhithe ; that is, plainly, Bulver-landing-pl

the vine. A person born on the bank of a lake or river may have been called its son29 ; one coming by sea have been styled a

ellow was styled a son of Fortune. 31.Our English king Richard I. was called Lion-heart (Cœur de Lion), on account of his valo

st, aided her mother to rear her brothers and sisters, whence she was called the Great Mother. She succeeded her father in his

by the flat disk of the Earth91. The external shell of this globe is called by the poets brazen 92 and iron,93, probably only

he northern one was afterwards named Europe96; the southern, at first called Asia alone97, was in process of time divided into

the Ocean of Homer and Hesiod was a river or stream. It is always so called by these poets115, and they describe the sun and

Thessalian mountain, and those others which bore the same name, were called after the original heavenly hill124. A careful su

by the counsel of Earth the Kronids released the Hundred-handed, and called them to their aid. The war was then resumed with

n poet in the following lines : And fabled how the serpent whom they called Ophiôn with Eurynome (the wide- Encroaching Eve p

id to have been a mere poetic name, there being no stream actually so called  ; though it was afterwards given by the poets to

m of the four Seasons253. In one of the Homeridian Hymns254 Selene is called the daughter of Pallas, son of Megamedes. It was

scription of her appearance. In this character she was also sometimes called Empusa309. These were evidently all comparatively

odite and Ares343. They require nourishment as men do ; their food is called Ambrosia, their drink Nectar344. Their mode of li

rversions of law and justice, of which he is the fountain378. Zeus is called the ‘father of men and gods’379 ; his power over

igid mien. He usually bears a two-pronged fork in his hand. The poets called Hades488, 1. Subterranean Zeus 489 ; 2. People-co

the far-famed labour of Polycleitos) was shown her bed517 ; a stream called Asteriôn ran by the temple, and on its banks grew

probable that the other cities of Bœotia did the same ; and this was called the Little Dædala. When the time of the Great Dæd

e Sacred Marriage performed in secret, as at Argos. In Eubœa Hera was called Virgin (Πάρθϵνος)533 ; and a place there sacred t

mortal progeny to Ares. As a person who came by sea was figuratively called a son of Poseidôn, so a valiant warrior was terme

Sun-god gave notice ; the husband returned, and standing at his door called all the gods to come and behold the captives. The

oddess was worshiped, whom the ancient Phliasians, Pausanias says597, called Ganymede, but in his time she was named Hebe. Str

to a cup-bearer, a feminine title had been formed for Hebe. Hebe was called by the poets599, 1. Fair-ankled ; 2. Gold-wreathe

offspring, ventured to set herself before Leto : the offended goddess called upon her children Apollo and Artemis, and soon Ni

. Inflamed with love he attempted to offer her violence : the goddess called to her children for aid, and he soon lay slain by

ands and swaddling-clothes no longer retained him : he sprang up, and called to the goddesses to give him a lyre and a bow, ad

e now turned to the islands, but none would receive her ; and the god called out to her that a floating island was to be his b

ating island was to be his birth-place. At length she met Delos, then called Asteria, which floated among the Cyclades616. Del

find the character of the ‘pure (ἁγνὸς) god,’ as he was emphatically called , still the same. There is a serene cheerfulness a

ollo, against the head of the youth, and so killed him633. A festival called the Hyacinthia was celebrated for three days in t

nged a Pæan and song, and setting choirs of youths around the tripod, called on the god to come from the Hyperboreans. Having

pture. Few deities had more appellations than the son of Leto. He was called Delian, Delphian, Pataræan, Clarian, etc. from th

or the country Lycia, to be regarded as their origin. Thus the god is called by Homer λυκγϵυὴς, which may be rendered with the

r this name. This practice was peculiar to the Dorians666. Apollo was called Pæan, either from his healing power (from παύω or

ritomartis, which in their dialect signified Sweet Maid. She was also called Dictynna, a goddess of that name, and of a simila

ssigned as the reason of the cliff from which she threw herself being called Dictæon. At the rites sacred to her, wreaths of p

ven with Persephone, the goddess of the under-world, and to be thence called the three-formed goddess699 ruling as Selene in t

Dione, and by the Alexandrian and the Latin poets739 she is sometimes called by the same name as her mother. Hesiod740 says sh

divinity, the brilliant eyes and rosy neck, she stood at the door and called to her slumbering lover to awake and observe the

ell was sprinkled with nectar by the mourning goddess, and the flower called the anemone or wind-flower sprang up from it, whi

the Gardens of Adonis, as pots and boxes of flowers used in them were called , and the ill fortune of the Athenian expedition t

fleet having sailed during that festival753. The Idyll of Theocritus called the Adoniazusæ describes in admirable dramatic st

announces herself as a present from the goddess to the bard. The bird called Iynx or Fritillus, of which so much use was made

but handsomer of the warm springs. They replied that one of them was called Erôs and the other Anterôs, but that they knew no

eneral air is that of a young man in female attire. Pallas-Athene was called by the poets804, 1. Blue- or rather Green-eyed ;

ea was not unknown to the ancients ; Athena is by Aristotle expressly called the moon807 ; on the coins of Attica, anterior to

s respecting the Athenian goddess we may add that at Tegea Athena was called Alea, that is probably Warmer. 817. At Sparta she

asantry, therefore, named Athena the Ox-yoker (Βουδϵία), the citizens called her Worker (Ἐργάνη), while the military class sty

mer and Hesiod always name this god827,) is in one place of the Ilias called the son of Zeus828, but his mother is unnoticed.

efface their footprints, and brought his prize safely on to the place called the Look-out of Battos, in the Peloponnese. Heari

noticed, the gallant reply of Hermes to the question of Phœbos-Apollo called forth the laughter of the Olympians. This god is

Olympos. She seems to have been early distinguished from the goddess called Earth880, and to have been regarded as the protec

name akin to ἐρυίβη, mildew ; and Hellanicus892 said that he was also called Æthôn (Αἴθων, burning), from his insatiate hunger

f the worship of these deities were Attica ; Arcadia, where they were called the Great Goddesses 904 , and Persephone in parti

e seldom without a legend or Sacred Account (ἱεργος λόγος), as it was called , to explain the dress or ceremony, which owed per

ed by certain goddesses who were denominated Muses. In Homer they are called the daughters of Zeus927, and described as exhila

quire or invent. The Lydians, who spoke a language akin to the Greek, called , we are told, the Muses Nymphs, or the Nymphs Mus

rinth said they were three in number, the daughters of Apollo, and he called them Cephiso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis952, two

he transgressions of their kings.’ By an unknown poet961 the Horæ are called the daughters of Kronos (Time ?), and by late poe

ice it was to preside over the births of mankind, are in the Ilias987 called the daughters of Hera. In the Odyssey988 and in H

αὶ Θάνατος Somnus et Mors. Sleep and Death. These two deities are called by Hesiod1049 the children of Night. By Homer the

ios ;’ elsewhere1064 he says that she is one of the Destinies. Alcman called her the sister of Law and Persuasion, and daughte

ng in silence. The pilot perceiving these apparent signs of divinity, called to the crew that he was a god, and exhorted them

an up the mast and sides of the vessel. His shipmates in affright now called aloud to the pilot to make for the land ; but the

them. The women, who bore a chief part in these frantic revels, were called Mænades, Bacchæ, Thyiades, Euades, names of which

arsh (Λιμνɑȋος), and Marsh-sprung (Λιμνηγενὴς). In some places he was called the Rainer (Ὕης)1125 ; his festival, the Antheste

iod the mystic poems of Musæos, Eumolpos, Orpheus, and that which was called the Minyas, were made public ; in all of which we

c. This religion was that of Κυβέλη. Κυβήβη. Rhea. Ops. Cybele, called also the Great Mother, was regarded by the Phrygi

t, and cured all the diseases of the children and cattle. They thence called her the Mountain-Mother. While dwelling in the wo

for his name signified all. Further, as he dwelt in the woods, he was called Lord of the Hyle (ό τῆς ὓλης κύρις)1172 ; and as

1173, “is a rustic god, formed in similitude of nature ; whence he is called Pan, i. e. All : for he has horns in similitude o

here she died, and it became the favourite plant of Pan1182. What are called Panic terrors were ascribed to Pan ; for loud noi

k and his syrinx ; and he is either naked, or clad in the light cloak called chlamys 1184. Like many other gods who were or

n of Earth, and sprung from the blood-drops of Uranos1199. Marsyas is called a Silen1200. Like the seagods, Silenos was noted

eopled all the regions of earth and water with beautiful female forms called Nymphs, divided into various orders, according to

apped the youth was from his faithful band Of comrades parted, and he called aloud, Is any here ? and Echo answered, Here. A

ate, the Epimelian- or Flock-nymphs were once seen dancing at a place called the Sacred Rocks in Messapia. The young shepherds

f lamentation is heard at night to issue from the grove. The place is called that of the Nymphs and the Youths1242. Dryops, th

d the trees. The nymphs then changed Terambos himself into the animal called by the Thessalians kerambyx (кϵράμβυξ), or cockch

ed. It is in this last sense that the goddesses of whom we treat were called Nymphs. Chapter XVII. WATER-DEITIES : — OC

under the title of the Sea-elder (ἅλιος γέρων), and his daughters are called Nereïdes. According to Hesiod1248 he was the son

and phænomena of the sea. Φόρкυς, Φόρкος. Phorcus. Phorcys is called by Homer a Ruler (μέδων) of the Sea and a Sea-eld

Leucothea, who gives her veil to Odysseus when tossed in a storm, is called ‘fair-ankled Ino, daughter of Cadmos,’ and her tr

rope, we may observe the east-wind is pernicious. Boreas (Βορέας) was called Clear weather- or Frost-producer (αἰθρηγενής) 131

their bellies, and so escaped. Odysseus, when a little way out at sea called out his real name, and the Cyclôps hurled immense

he Phæacians lying between their respective territories1344. They are called wild tribes (ἄγρια ϕῦλα), but akin to the gods134

his wife, who was ‘as large as the top of a mountain.’ She instantly called her husband from the market-place, who seized one

their names are given with much variety. According to some they were called Leucosia, Ligeia and Parthenope1385, while others

each of the eight celestial spheres, where their voices form what is called the music of the spheres ; and when (Ol. 94, l.)

lla is named Cratæis1393 ; but her sire is not spoken of. Stesichorus called her mother Lamia1394 ; Hesiod said she was the da

th any one, and could procure no food but birds and fish ; that it is called the excellent isle of the god 1406, whose peculia

r (the poet after his usual manner giving her a significant name), is called by Homer1408 the daughter of Atlas : Hesiod1409 m

is their regal honour1440. The gods made a second far inferior race, called the silver race, resembling the golden neither in

the earth by Zeus, namely the divine race of heroes, in former times called Semigods. These also were carried off by war and

imprudent1450. These we shall now proceed to illustrate. Menœtios is called by Hesiod1451 the insolent and the haughty ; and

arrative there is a combination of a local mythe of Sicyôn (anciently called Mecone), with a doctrine of a much higher nature.

formed it she should possess it while it lived, and that it should be called Man (Homo), because it was made of earth (humus)1

peace and eminently skilled in agriculture. This people are generally called the Pelasgians or Pelargians, a name which was pr

spired by gay and magnificent imagery. Though chronology, properly so called , cannot be introduced into mythic history, it has

ia. The Colchian princess, enraged at the ingratitude of her husband, called on the gods for vengeance, sent a poisoned robe a

ntaurs was Cheirôn, the son of Kronos by the nymph Philyra1595. He is called by Homer1596 ‘the most upright of the Centaurs.’

the son of Deucaliôn. Pride, it is said, caused the ruin of both. He called his wife Hera, and was by her styled Zeus in retu

the sea. The gods out of compassion changed them both into the birds called Halcyôns. During seven days of winter the Halcyôn

ace of the sea, which then is calm and free from storm, and these are called the Halcyôn-days1606. In this last legend and in

esemblance of his name to that of the bird that caused his wife to be called Halcyone, and the legend above to be invented.

dia. Diomedes brought his body to Argos, and buried it where the town called from him Œnoe was afterwards built1616. Μϵλέα

sion of the gods, all but Gorgo and Deïaneira, changed into the birds called Meleagrides1621. There was another tradition, acc

Chthonios (Earthly), Hyperenôr (Mighty), and Pelôr (Huge). These were called the Sown (σπάρτοι) ; and they joined with Cadmos

eld her, and filled with admiration of her beauty and her courage, he called out to Cheirôn to quit his cave and come to look

nectar and ambrosia, and render him immortal ; and that he should be called Zeus, and holy Apollo, Agreus (Hunter), and Nomio

d chiefly, it is probable, by the tragedians. By Homer1673 Antiope is called the daughter of Asopos, and Asios made her the wi

to have been established by one of the ancient houses, as Nycteus is called the son of Chthonios. He also discovers that the

ed to the throne of Thebes ; and he married the daughter of Menœceus, called by Homer Epicasta, by others Iocasta. The oracle

ter Eteocles, and named the country Phlegyantis. He also built a city called Phlegya, into which he collected the bravest warr

d with them ends the mythic history of Orchomenos. The Argonauts were called Minyans, according to the mythologists, because t

two huge serpents into the chamber to destroy them. Alcmena in terror called to her husband to save them, but Heracles raised

s he killed him with a blow of the lyre for having struck him. He was called to account for this deed, and justified himself b

he Pythia then first named him Heracles1736, for hitherto he had been called Alceides from his grandfather, and she desired hi

hydra, and bit the feet of Heracles. He killed the crab, and then he called upon Iolaos to come to his assistance. Iolaos imm

righten him ; but on the hero's bending his bow at him he ceased, and called to him to hold his hand1754. Having reached the i

heart as he came on shore. The dying Centaur thought on revenge : he called Deïaneira to him, and told her if she would posse

e ; for it is well known that some of the Hesiodic poems, as they are called , come down even below the thirtieth Olympiad. Cin

ral Cecrops is held to have been the first who ruled over the country called Cecropia from him, and Attica from its peninsular

of both Agraulos and Pandrosos at Athens ; and, as Athena herself was called by these names1797, they were probably only perso

her gods, Hera when she sat in hers was unable to rise. Hephæstos was called to set his mother free ; but he, who had done it

Pandiôn, being at war about boundaries with Labdacos king of Thebes, called to his aid Tereus the son of Ares out of Thrace18

ed1828. Another legend1829 adds, that Nisos was changed into the bird called the Seaeagle (ἁλιάετος), and Scylla into that nam

s ferocious savage always went armed with an iron club, whence he was called Club-bearer (Κορυνήτης) ; and all travellers stoo

m the great mischief which he did to all the surrounding country, was called by no other name than that of Sinis1835, i. e. Ev

t that time overgrown, and bend them to the ground ; and hence he was called Pine-bender (Πιτυοκάμπτης). He posted himself on

ured his memory by feasts and temples, placed him among the gods, and called their city the town of Theseus. We will now pursu

er which Poseidôn was said to have produced with his trident ; it was called the ‘Erechthean Sea1850.’ That Erichthonios and E

NTH. The ancient name of Corinth was said to have been Ephyra, so called from one of the Ocean-nymphs1864. Its situation r

name. He was purified of the bloodshed by Prœtos, whose wife is also called Sthenobœa, and the king of Lycia is named Iobates

and the arts. The people took the name of their new monarch, and were called Danaans1913. The country of Argos being at this t

y water in perforated vessels1917. The son of Amymone by Poseidôn was called Nauplios. He attained a great age, and passed his

mixture of peoples and countries. The city Memphis is very naturally called the daughter of the Nile, on whose banks it stood

Homer and Hesiod Danaans is a common name of the Greeks, who are also called Argeians and Achæans. The names of nations have n

o, Danaos1920. Again, springs are daughters of the earth, as they are called by the Arabs ; the nymphs of the springs are ther

urydice the daughter of Lacedæmôn, by whom he had a daughter, whom he called Danae. He inquired of the oracle about a son ; an

about to become a suitor to Hippodameia, the daughter of Œnomaos, he called together his vassals, and among them Perseus, to

s. She there bore him a son named Taphios, who settled at Taphos, and called his people Teleboans, because he had gone far fro

been already related1966. Ὰσκληπιός. Æsculapius. Asclepios is called by Homer an excellent physician (Tάνταλος), who h

osura, said to have been built by Lycaôn, who established there games called Lycæa1981. At Mount Lycæon there was a sacred inc

who taught him agriculture, which he introduced into his country, now called from himself Arcadia, and instructed its inhabita

urôn in Attica young girls between the age of five and ten years, and called Bears (ἄρκτοι), used to perform the sacred rites

due time Helena was produced from it2001. Hesiod, on the other hand, called Helena the daughter of Oceanos and Tethys2002. In

one mother bore with her2004.’ In the Odyssey2005 these are expressly called the sons of Tyndareos. This however does not prov

to Messene. The Dioscuri (Zeus-sons), as Castôr and his brother were called , made war on Messene. Driving off all the cattle

epithet given to the moon by Empedocles2013. In the Cypria they were called the daughters of Apollo2014. That these were orig

confined to the district between the Alpheios and the Neda, formerly called Pylos, where the Neleids reigned ; and to Pisatis

said, was thunder ; and flinging lighted torches against the sky, he called them his lightnings. Zeus, incensed at his impiet

im the cows. The seer then sacrificing an ox to Zeus, divided it, and called all the birds to the feast. All came but the vult

. e. of the violets (ἴων) which surrounded him ; and hence his mother called him Iamos — Violety. On attaining ‘the fruit of

s went into the stream of the Alpheios ; and by night in the open air called on Poseidôn his ‘wide-powerful’ ancestor, and on

however is enveloped in obscurity ; for in those times lands were not called after gods any more than after men. Pelops, the w

ized and brought him to Atreus, who cast him into prison. Atreus then called Ægisthos, and directed him to put the captive to

succeeded as was desired, and Pasiphae became the mother of Asterios, called the Minotaur, from his having the head of a bull

Teucros. By Peridæa the grand-daughter of Pelops he had already a son called Aias ; for Heracles having prayed for male issue

chase of them lasted for five years2133. The Hyades are by some also called daughters of Atlas, but according to the best acc

os ; who, with the aid of Athena, built for him a fifty-oared galley, called from himself the Argo. In her keel Athena set a p

; Iasôn standing at the poop poured a libation from a golden cup, and called on Zeus, the Winds, the Sea, the Days, the Nights

knew not where they were ; but Apollo, taking his stand on the rocks called the Melantian Neeks, shot an arrow into the sea :

nd the Argo rushed through the narrow stream and came into the Ocean, called in that part by the Hyperboreans ‘the Cronian Mai

nd buried the child. Amphiaraos augured ill-luck from this event, and called the child Archemoros2177. They then celebrated fu

Scamandros and the nymph Idæa then reigned, from whom the people were called Teucrians2191. He was well received by this princ

92 in marriage, and a part of his territory, on which he built a town called Dardanos. On the death of Teucros, he named the w

s prayer Apollo sent a pestilence among the Achæans. Achilleus having called an assembly to inquire into the cause of it, Calc

he Dorian Migration ; for we must not give implicit credit to what is called the early Grecian history, which is nothing but a

Grecian colonies in Italy ; from whom she also obtained those oracles called the Sibylline Books, which are known to have been

e gods, six male and as many female, his ordinary council. These were called by the common name of Consentes or Complices (the

Jupiter of the Romans, was named Tina2254. A goddess named Kupra was called by the Romans Juno ; and another, named Menerfa o

f the under-world was named Mantus2258, and there was a goddess of it called Mania. The Lars, which form so conspicuous a port

every god who is worshiped by man must in solemn rites and prayers be called Father, not only for the sake of honour but from

we may add the testimony of Servius, who says2266 that “the ancients called all the gods fathers.” We have not the same direc

fathers.” We have not the same direct evidence of the goddesses being called mothers2267, but we will show by induction that s

general if slain by a Roman commander were borne to him. He was also called Victor and Stator, as the giver of victory and st

manner a historical origin was given to all these names. Jupiter was called Lucetius2278 as the author of light (lucis), for

84. As the patroness of married women Juno was named Matrona. She was called Jugalis as presiding over marriage2285, Cinxia fr

n them, and school-boys got as holydays the five days of her festival called the Quinquatrus, celebrated in the month of March

h : at the expiration of them they presented their master with a gift called Minerval2296. According to Varro2297, Minerva was

named Minervalia or Quinquatrus. They were two in number. The former, called the Greater, was celebrated in March, the time wh

and private hearth : a sacred fire, tended by six virgin-priestesses called Vestals, flamed in her temple at Rome. As the saf

ned no statue of the goddess2305. Her festival celebrated in June was called Vestalia : plates of meat were sent to the Vestal

ater is generally supposed to have been Vesta. We find this last also called Mater. 2308 Ceres. Ceres was the goddess

, as she was the goddess of the agricultural plebeians2309. Festivals called Cerealia were celebrated in her honour at Rome, i

fice and character of the goddess. Venus Cloacina or Cluacina, was so called , says Pliny2318, from cluere, to purify ; because

igions, for that Venus was the Phœnician Astarte. The second Vinalia, called the Rustica, was on the 21st of August ; and here

still employed in the south of Europe. Sancho Panza is in Don Quixote called the father of proverbs (padre de los refranes).

av. 183. Theog. 337. seq. 184. Il. xiv. 201. 302. In v. 246. he is called the origin of all (πάντϵσσι) — whether gods or th

t. vii. 194. seq. 301. Virg. Æn. iv. 512. Servius, in loc. The fish called τρίγλη (Mullet) was offered to her, διὰ τὴν τῆϛ ὀ

ve met with elsewhere is in Sophocles (Œd. Tyr. 176.), where Hades is called ‘the western god’ (ἀκτὰν πρὸς ἑσπέρου θεοῦ). 486

s, xxxi. 110. 111. This strange poet had a little before (xxix. 334.) called Hephæstos the sire of Love. 771. Müller, Dor. i.

856. Ͳιρ Μαίας ἀγροτῆρι κούριρ — Eurip. Elec. 466. 857. Hence he was called νόμιος (Aristoph. Thes. 977. ἔϕορος γὰρ τῶν θρεμμ

Plut. 1158. Thes. 1202. Paus. vii. 27, 1. As the giver of gain he was called κερδῶος. Luc. Tim. 41. Eudocia, p. 256. 860. Ἐρ

ion to the rural character of the god. 861. He is said to have been called στρϕαȋος (Et. Mag. s. v.), from the turning (στρο

, as his statue was placed at the door. 862. What was thus found was called ἕρμαιον. When Lucian’s Timôn comes on the treasur

h Museum. 1104. Plutarch (De Is. et Os. 37.) says that the Egyptians called it Chenosiris, i. e. Plant of Osiris. 1105. Dio

it would seem (Sch. Apoll. Rh. iv. 1396.) first named him Ladôn, and called him the offspring of Earth. 1284. Pherecydes ap.

tz. Lyc. 712. The tomb of Parthenope gave name to the city afterwards called Neapolis (Naples). Milton thus alludes to these n

blance between λάρναξ and Παρνασσὸs, which we are told was originally called Aαρνασσὸs from it. Sch. Apoll. Rh. ii. 705. 1497

1499. Hygin. ut sup. 1500. Servius, ut sup. 1501. The Greek poets called the stones by a very natural figure γῆs ὄστεα. We

x. 429. 1512. Hes. Fr. 25. Compare Il. x. 429 ; xxi. 86. 1513. Also called Danaans and Argeians. Ἀχαιὸs, according to Völcke

roves of this etymon. 1601. The Dioscuri were for an opposite reason called Ααπέρσα (Frag. Soph. apud Stob.). 1602. See Sch.

. 9. 1611. Hygin. ut sup. 1612. Apollod. ut sup. 1613. Tydeus is called an Ætolian by Homer, — Il. iv. 399. 1614. Sch. A

r ; but the legend is noticed in the Theogony (v. 326.), where she is called Фῖξ. Though this legend is probably older than th

strand. 1751. Apollodorus, following Pherecydes, says “which is now called Gadeira,” but that island has surely no river or

ommemorated the deliverance of the youths and maidens. The ship sent, called the Paralian Galley, was maintained to be the ver

ephone was wife to Aïdoneus king of the Molossians ; that his dog was called Cerberos, who tore Peirithoös to pieces, etc. We

melos ap. Paus. ii. 1, 1. 1865. Paus. ii. 1, 6. As Briareôs was also called Ægæôn (Il. i. 403.), he is here probably Poseidôn

, Myth. der Jap. 200. seq. 1959. The chamber of Danae may have been called brazen to denote the hardness of the ground (see

with joy. It was a god of the sky who brought the rain in great bags, called clouds, to pour it upon the thirsty Earth. It was

lishers of Bryant’s complete works. Proserpina. Jupiter was called the father of the gods, but he was not the father

n day there was strife between Jupiter and some great earth creatures called Titans. The noise of fighting was so loud that it

the fields. Then, indeed, Proserpina was frightened. She shrieked and called for her mother, but Ceres was far away, in Spain,

e river-gods had seen her. Once, when she came to a hilly forest, she called , “Pan! Pan!” and Pan, the god of the animals, cam

without any other cause. Truly, a wild being was Pan; but when. Ceres called , he hurried to meet her, stamping with his hard l

he crops which had begun to grow were withering. Then all the farmers called , on the goddess for help, praying to her to pity

her daughter. But on Olympus Jupiter sat long in thought. At last he called his messenger, the god Mercury, who is quickest a

es back. The men of earth have given the evil season a name, and have called it Winter; but Pluto and the other dwellers in th

ome. In those days there lived in the world a race of great creatures called Titans. They were children of old Mother Earth, w

n he took clay and formed of it a woman, warm and alive and human. He called to his aid Venus, the goddess of love, to add bea

of the gods, in turn, gave her something, so that Pandora, as she was called , was perfect beyond all women born on earth, thou

me a sound of the sweetest, softest music. It was the spirit that was called Hope. Those who heard it felt that life was good

o mankind. For the swamps of Greece had produced a monstrous serpent, called Python, which laid waste, the land and slew the p

, but it was too late: he was madly in love with beautiful Daphne. He called to her,” Stay, Daphne.” But as Daphne turned to s

ne. He called to her,” Stay, Daphne.” But as Daphne turned to see who called , Cupid sent the leaden arrow with unerring aim fa

oothe her with gentle pleading. “Why do you flee from me, Daphne?” he called . “Am I a wild beast — a lion or fierce tiger? Sto

nd song, loved him and gave him his own divine harp, which the Greeks called a lyre. Upon this lyre Orpheus would play as he s

ce, O King,” said Proserpina; and Pluto, nodding, said: — “Let her be called .” In a few moments Eurydice came in, tall and fai

breath — for he himself was breathing hard. There was not a sound. He called , softly, “Eurydice!” There was no reply. But he d

lifting his head, he chose the path of the fair, stern goddess who is called , by men and by the gods, Virtue. After this, Herc

rm eleven other mighty labors for Eurystheus. These twelve tasks were called the “Twelve Labors of Hercules.” In most of them

a grim stranger, close wrapped in dark robes, came to the palace and called for the king. When Admetus came, the stranger sei

s, in his despair, remembered the promise of the shepherd-god, and he called to him in supplication. Apollo heard him and came

so beautiful that he fell deeply in love with it. He prayed to Venus ( called by the Greeks Aphrodite) to give life to the imag

their speed. Phaëton began to be alarmed. He pulled at the reins and called the horses by name, but they went no slower. Sudd

sed her voice. She it was who suffered most, and in her suffering she called to Jupiter: — “If it be your will that I should d

eplied, “and I am the daughter of King Acrisius of Argos. My child is called Perseus. Because of ill omens at his birth, we ha

would have slain Medea. The enchantress, however, by her magic arts, called in a whirlwind, and in a moment was gone. In many

said Ariadne. “The Minotaur lives in a great and mysterious building called the Labyrinth. It is made up of curving halls and

solemn meeting of the chiefs of the Greeks was held and a priest was called to tell why Apollo was thus angry at the Grecian

a statue of Minerva which was said to have fallen from heaven. It was called the Palladium, and the goddess had promised that

and a strange thought came into her mind. She went near the horse and called by name the Grecian heroes, imitating the voices

by name the Grecian heroes, imitating the voices of their wives. She called Agamemnon and Ulysses and Diomed and Anticlus. Wh

re, coming quietly back. Sinon hastened to the great wooden horse and called . In a moment the horse opened on one side, a rope

into the Cyclops’ great eye. The monster awoke roaring with pain, and called for his friends, the other Cyclops. They soon cam

r Cyclops. They soon came. “Ho, Polyphemus. What is the matter?” they called . “Is some one killing you?” “Noman is killing me,

iddle ram of each three, a man was tied. When day dawned, the Cyclops called his sheep and goats, and the animals went out. As

the rams aboard, and pushed off. A little way from the shore Ulysses called out, “Ho, Cyclops, you who eat the strangers with

oat back to the shore. The men pushed off once more and again Ulysses called to the monster: — “Cyclops, if any one ask you wh

d wolves about the door, and within they heard sweet singing. The men called , and the shining doors were opened by a woman so

it can never be bewitched. Ulysses soon came to the palace, where he called aloud. The enchantress threw open the shining doo

g to claim her in a chariot drawn by a lion and a wild boar, 100; was called by Death, but spared, 102-104, Alcestis dying in

of Penelope, 240. Aphrodi΄te, 110. (See Venus.) Apol΄lo. Sometimes called Phoebus. Son of Jupiter, and twin brother of Dian

conducted souls to and from the underworld, 73. Miner΄va. Sometimes called Athena or Pallas. Daughter of Jupiter. Goddess of

grew up, however, among the shepherds there, 71; fairest of men; was called upon to judge who should have the golden apple in

our joys and sorrows. Let us worship them and sing of them.” And they called these mighty people gods and goddesses. In the ce

oddesses. In the central part of Greece, there stood a lofty mountain called Olympus. Its sides were covered with thick, green

e son named Cupid, who also was the god of love; and he was sometimes called the god of the bow, because he was never seen wit

his pastime. And then there was Mercury, fleet-footed Mercury. He was called “The Swift” and no wonder; for he had winged sand

her lost daughter. ——— The Voice of Spring I Come, I come! ye have called me long; I come o’er the mountains, with light an

y behind him, until the boy suddenly saw that he had lost his way and called out, “Is there any one here?” Echo, who had stepp

all around, but not seeing any one to whom the voice could belong, he called , “Come!” whereupon Echo likewise called, “Come!”

om the voice could belong, he called, “Come!” whereupon Echo likewise called , “Come!” This was bewildering. He could see no on

ot help answering. At last Narcissus, who was getting very impatient, called , “Let us come together here.” Echo answered in a

ded to its reflection in the pool. And to this day the lovely flower, called the narcissus, is found by quiet pools, gazing at

had made Arachne famous, — embroidery in wool, or tapestry, as it was called . Now there was no fault that displeased the gods

heir caverns all the winds except the south wind, which was sometimes called the messenger of rain. And Jupiter sent this mess

piter was sorry to see the earth looking so empty and deserted, so he called home the south wind and set the other winds free.

and arrows? Cupid, you remember, was the young god of love, sometimes called god of the bow; and I promised to tell you how wo

    And the sweet air above; With happy tears my eyes were dim;     I called him, “Oh, sweet love! I come, for thou art all to

once a princess named Danaë, and she had a little baby boy, whom she called Perseus. The little boy’s father was far away, an

winged feet he rose high in the air, and then, from a safe distance, called out, “You shall not have your eye back, my friend

er had not forgotten Io, and he wished to help her if he could; so he called his son Mercury, the messenger of the gods, and o

s. When Argus heard the sweet sounds of the pipe, he was pleased, and called to Mercury, “Hail stranger! Come share this stone

old him the story: “Once upon a time, there lived in a forest a nymph called Syrinx. She was graceful and nimble and fleet of

and fleet of foot, and she led the wood gods, or satyrs, as they were called , many a race through the woods. “Now it happened

a great statue of the queen, and placed it in their temple; and they called the statue Isis. Hundreds of years after Io was d

How a Mother’s Pride Was Humbled There was once a great city called Thebes, and the king and queen who ruled it had f

t Niobe had dared to compare herself with their mother, that she’ had called her children greater than the gods, and had boast

as broken off. The goddess of plenty, or Fortune, as she is sometimes called , found it lying forgotten on the ground. She was

ss. It was, in fact, one of the men horses, or centaurs, as they were called , who were like men in the upper parts of their bo

st wonderful thing that he had ever built was a strange winding path, called the labyrinth. Not very far from Greece was the i

as the island of Icarus, and the sea in which the boy was drowned was called the Icarian Sea. ——— Birds in Summer How pleasan

n afterwards he married her, and they had one child, a boy, whom they called Theseus. When this baby was a few months old, Aeg

ry one in Athens should perish.” So all the young boys and girls were called together in the market place, where they drew lot

en the time came for paying the fourth tribute, as this sacrifice was called , young Prince Theseus declared that he would go a

hear these prayers for the safety of a man who was already dead. She called her messenger, Iris, and ordered her to go to the

them into white halcyon birds, or kingfishers, as they are sometimes called , which live forever on the sea. The sailors say t

ere passing, and was drowned. Since that day this narrow sea has been called the Hellespont. Phryxus, however, clung to the ra

isest person in the world was a centaur named Chiron, and he might be called only half a person; for, you remember, the centau

ot show how pleased he was. Jason built a good, strong ship, which he called the “Argo,” because Argo means “the swift.” At it

the old school days, and they all came to join him. These heroes were called the Argonauts, from the ship “Argo” in which they

At last, one evening, as Scylla was about to climb the hill, Glaucus called to her. She turned around and was very much surpr

ve, at first, that the boy he loved so dearly was really dead, and he called him by name again and again. He would gladly have

a, which washes the southern shore of Europe, there is a green island called Cyprus. Once there lived on this island a great s

Midas, alone, expressed great delight at his favorite’s playing, and called him to sit by his side. When Pan had finished, Ap

ph Once upon a time there lived on earth a strange race of giants called Cyclops. They were a very queer people indeed, an

were known, The face of nature, o’er the world, was one; And men have called it Chaos; formless, rude, The mass; dead matter’s

id ( Elton’s tr.). Over this shapeless mass reigned a careless deity called Chaos, whose personal appearance could not be des

hese two divinities wearied of their power in the course of time, and called their son Erebus (Darkness) to their assistance.

Pontus (the Sea) and Gæa (Ge, Tellus, Terra), as the Earth was first called , were created. In the beginning the Earth did not

hem immediately after their birth, hurled them down into a dark abyss called Tartarus, and there chained them fast. This chasm

priving her children of their birthright, created a terrible monster, called Typhœus, or Typhon, which she sent to attack him.

es the earth to tremble over a space of many miles, producing what is called an earthquake. “Tis said, that thunder-struck En

e them to preserve and enjoy the life they had received. He therefore called the youngest two sons of Iapetus to his aid, and

gifts to all living creatures, and create and endow a superior being, called Man, to rule over all the others. Prometheus’ and

reature; and the gods, after due consideration, decreed she should be called Pandora. They then bade Mercury take her to Prome

he Golden Age was followed by another, not quite so prosperous, hence called the Silver Age, when the year was first divided i

son of a king of Troy, was carefully instructed in the duties he was called upon to perform in the future. “And godlike Gany

tives to continue without him, remaining in a land which from him was called Phœnicia. Cilix, too, soon followed his example,

ample, and settled in a fertile country which they had reached, hence called Cilicia; and finally Telephassa, worn out with gr

him on the way, and, when the cow at last lay down in the land since called Bœotia, they all promised to aid Cadmus, their ch

, their chosen leader, to found their future capital, which was to be called Thebes. Parched with thirst after their long walk

be the incarnation of wisdom, and to put to flight the obscure deity called Dulness, who until then had ruled the world. ‘‘E

me to Greece, where he founded a beautiful city in the province since called Attica. All the gods watched his undertaking with

o changed the fallen blood-drops into clusters of flowers, ever since called , from the youth’s name, hyacinths; while Zephyrus

he, forgetful of all else, pursued her flying footsteps. As he ran he called aloud to Daphne, entreating her to pause were it

hady spot, and as he flung himself down upon the short grass he often called for a breeze, bidding it cool his heated brow.

ician and challenged him to make good his boastful words. Marsyas was called upon first to exhibit his proficiency, and charme

gan to weep and shed such torrents of tears that they formed a river, called Marsyas, in memory of the sweet musician. Apol

t his wife; and, as his spirit drifted on to join her, he incessantly called upon her name until the brooks, trees, and founta

the gods placed in the heavens as a bright constellation, Lyra, also called by Orpheus’ name. The Story of Amphion Anot

ect of the famous group once belonging to the Farnese family, and now called by their name. The Farnese Bull. National Mu

permission to make his errand known. Apollo addressed him graciously, called him his son, and bade him speak without fear. In

pollo were at Delos, his birthplace, and at Delphi, where a priestess called Pythia gave out mysterious oracles purporting to

n, — seven manly sons and seven beautiful daughters. In her pride she called aloud to Latona, and taunted her because her offs

wn from their pedestals and destroyed. Enraged at this insult, Latona called her children to her side, and bade them go forth

o escape the flying arrows. In vain Niobe sought to protect them, and called upon all the gods of Olympus. Her daughters fell

em hotly; but the nymphs sped on, until, their strength failing, they called upon their patroness’s aid. Their prayer was no s

s, was so lovely that her father’s subjects declared her worthy to be called the Goddess of Beauty, and offered to pay homage

yche unseen and, when he perceived her intention to commit suicide he called to Zephyrus (the South Wind), and entreated him t

uty, is represented either entirely nude, or with some scanty drapery called a “cestus.” Seated in her chariot, formed of a si

eturn wished to make a present to Mercury, and gave him a magic wand, called Caduceus, which had the power of reconciling all

ange a word with Io, or deliver her from her imprisonment. Finally he called Mercury to his aid, and bade him devise some plan

ry to another, forded streams, and Anally plunged into the sea, since called Ionian. After swimming across it, she took refuge

quitted. Since then the hill upon which his trial took place has been called the Areopagus (Ares’ Hill) or Mars’ Hill, and the

nt of his lance, shook the spear in the hand of the god’s effigy, and called aloud, “Mars, watch over us!” A common superstiti

therefore the Roman soldiers and youths, whose exercising ground was called , in his honour, the Campus Martius, or Field of M

bside into peaceful ripples.          “He spake, and round about him called the clouds And roused the ocean, — wielding in hi

is altars; and at his festivals, held every hundred years, and thence called Secular Games, none but black animals were slain.

ular Games, none but black animals were slain. His kingdom, generally called Hades, was very difficult of access. According to

and all spirits from escaping, Pluto placed a huge three-headed dog, called Cerberus, to guard the gate.     “There in state

w any soul to enter his bark, unless he was first given a small coin, called an obolus, the ferryman’s fare, which the ancient

s poet was attacked and slain by two robbers, and in his extremity he called upon a flock of cranes, which was passing overhea

eseus, who had sailed away while she slept. As soon as she awoke, she called her faithless lover; but no answering sound fell

or permission to witness the religious rites in his honour, generally called Mysteries, which permission was graciously grante

n child, Proserpine.” Shelley. One day, weary of labour, Proserpina called these fair playmates to join her and spend a merr

er favourite haunts, she quickly flung her girdle into the Cyane, and called to the water nymph to carry it to Ceres. Elated b

of Mount Ætna, continued her search. Day dawned, and still the mother called , awakening the morning echoes with her longing cr

tell how she had not always been a mere stream, but was once a nymph, called Arethusa, in Diana’s train, and how, overcome by

on was identical with the sad-faced, sable-vested Queen of Hades (now called Hecate), who held a pomegranate in one hand, and

ve ten years in fitting themselves to fulfil the duties they would be called upon to perform during the next decade as prieste

consent to their union. She bore him two children, who from her were called Lares, and to whom the Romans always paid divine

and blessed them with such prosperity that their reign has often been called the Age of Gold                  “Saturn fled be

roam’d the hills, and drew them to the plain; There fixed, and Latium called the new abode, Whose friendly shores concealed th

numerous temples throughout all Italy. One very celebrated temple was called Janus Quadrifrons, because it was perfectly squar

orpheus, the son as well as the prime minister of Somnus, he was also called the god of sleep, and mortals were wont to interc

, and on his way passed through the land of a diminutive race of men, called Pygmies, who were so small that they lived in con

efore, saw Hercules’ mighty form looming up in the dim distance, they called aloud for fear, and bade Antæus go forth and kill

ched the opposite shore. All his strength and energy, therefore, were called into requisition and when he reached the shore, i

sure it up carefully, although she sincerely hoped she would never be called upon to make use of it. Years passed by. Hercules

se unendurable torments by a death worthy of his whole life, Hercules called his servants, and bade them build his funeral pyr

aughter, had given birth to a son, who, on account of his beauty, was called Perseus. The king no sooner learned this astonish

re utilised by Neptune, who created from them the famous winged steed called Pegasus. ‘‘And the life drops from thy head On

d, and soon all his hopes were crowned by the birth of a son, whom he called Hippolytus. Shortly after this joyful event, the

counsel in the direction of his affairs. When quite completed, Jason called his vessel the Argo (swift-sailing), and speedily

e Argo until they came near the mouth of the Danube, and Æetes wildly called to his daughter to return to her home and to her

o the vigour and beauty of his early manhood. To gratify Jason, Medea called all her magic into play, and by some mysterious p

Macaulay. Festivals celebrated in honour of these twin brethren, and called the Dioscuria, were held in many places, but spec

maidens hastened with tender concern to bathe the swollen ankles, and called the babe Œdipus (swollen-footed). Years passed by

seated, came rapidly toward him. The herald who preceded it haughtily called to the youth to stand aside and make way for his

lion’s body, which were the outward presentment of a terrible monster called the Sphinx, which had taken up its station withou

e were supposed to be each under the protection of a special divinity called Hamadryad, said to live and die with the tree ent

hem together, and fashioned from them a musical instrument, which was called by the name of the fair nymph.         “Fair, tr

ellers and inspiring them with sudden and unfounded fears, — from him called “panic.” He is generally represented with a syrin

lowers. Her festivals, generally celebrated in the month of May, were called the Floralia.                 “Crowds of nymphs,

eauty. The dispute grew more and more bitter, and the irate goddesses called upon the guests to award the prize to the most de

seed.” Coluthus ( Elton’s tr.). This act of partiality, of course, called down upon him the wrath and hatred of Juno and Mi

making her hearers refuse to credit her words. Cassandra immediately called her parents’ attention to the extraordinary liken

n. He had not sojourned there many days, however, before the king was called away from home, and departed, confiding to his wi

ed strife, the Greeks’ effort to enter Troy, or Ilium, as it was also called , were vain, as were also the Trojans’ attempts to

at the gate, took place the parting scene, which has deservedly been called the most pathetic in all the Iliad, in which Andr

lls, while Hector gently reproved her, and demonstrated that his duty called him out upon the field of battle, where he must h

is friend’s disposal. Hastily Patroclus donned the glittering armour, called aloud to the Myrmidons to follow his lead, and ru

ully pointed out to Æneas, foretelling their future achievements, and called by name Romulus, Brutus, Camillus, the Gracchi, C

ncert with Latinus, he ruled the Latins, and founded a city, which he called Lavinia in honour of his bride, and which became

people who spoke it were familiar with bridges, which they evidently called by some name phonetically the same. Further to pr

“a period represented everywhere by the same characteristic features, called the Mythological or Mythopœic age.” It was durin

nd lightning, his Cyclop children, down from his abode into the abyss called Tartarus. Zeus (or Jupiter), whose name is the sa

y Hercules, 126-128, 195, 275 Hes-pe′ri-a. Ancient name of Italy, so called by Æneas, 12, 326 Hes-per′i-des. Daughters of He

iful practices and adventures. These contradictory elements have been called the reasonable and the senseless. A myth of Mothe

ency in early civilization. They are; — (1) The Historical, or better called after its author, Euhemerus (b.c. 316), the Euhem

evours his own children, is identified with the power that the Greeks called Chronos (Time), which may truly be said to destro

f mind — psychology, and the science of man — anthropology. It may be called the Anthropological Method. The theory is that of

common facts of human thought, experience, and sentiment. This may be called the psychological theory. It was entertained by G

een expected of human conditions and intelligence. “Many myths may be called ‘human’ in this sense. They are the rough product

al condition with similar surroundings, similar imaginative products, called myths, will result.20 Chapter III. The Preser

on ancient faith and fable. § 12. Roman Poets of Mythology. — Vergil, called also by his surname, Maro, from whose poem of the

his wife and absent friends. His letters were all in verse. They are called the “Tristia,” or Sorrows, and Letters from Pontu

could afford, the exploits of heroes living or dead. Such songs were called Drapas. The origin of Skaldic poetry is lost in m

r, which means mind, or poetry.39 There are two Icelandic collections called Eddas: Snorri’s and Sæmund’s. Until the year 1643

orian who lived 1056-1133. Henceforth, consequently, Snorri’s work is called the Younger, or Prose Edda, in contradistinction

over the Heroes of Etzel,” that the attention of modern scholars was called to this famous German epic. Since that time many

ofound abysm of the earth. Whereupon Mother Earth, or Gæa, indignant, called for help upon her elder children, the Titans. Non

e proceeded to drown the world. Not satisfied with his own waters, he called his brother Neptune to his aid. Speedily the race

us. —The heaven of the Greek gods was the summit of an ideal mountain called Olympus.66 A gate of clouds, kept by goddesses, t

m of the sea at the time of the wounding of Uranus, and therefore was called , by the Greeks, Aphrodite, the foam-born .83 Waft

Of artistic conceptions of Aphrodite, the most famous are the statues called the Venus of Melos, and the Venus of the Medici.8

In her temple at Rome a sacred fire, tended by six virgin priestesses called Vestals, was kept religiously aflame. As the safe

om west to east, and divided into two equal parts by the Sea, as they called the Mediterranean and its continuation, the Euxin

ls, or Bacchantes. He was attended by Satyrs and Sileni, and by women called Mænads, who, as they danced and sang, waved in th

l the mind. Hence sudden unreasonable fright was ascribed to Pan, and called a Panic terror. Fig. 24. Youthful Satyrs, gath

ffer his subjects, by returning, to find them out. Mortals, when they called on his name, beat the ground with their hands, an

some deities, like the Satyrs of the Greeks. There was also a goddess called Fauna, or Bona Dea (good goddess). To Maia, wife

him, she ran away. But on the bank of the river he overtook her. She called for help on her friends, the water-nymphs. They h

s, and placing them together, side by side, he made an instrument and called it Syrinx, in honor of the nymph.” Before Mercury

t he desired, and swiftly he sped to the deep. The maiden turned, and called again and again to her dear playmates, stretching

Jove, and proceeded to allot the vacant city to the new-born race. I called them Myrmidons from the ant (myrmex), from which

it is said, the people of Ethiopia became black because the blood was called by the heat so suddenly to the surface; and the L

at what in other mouths was rough In his seemed musical and low. Men called him but a shiftless youth, In whom no good they s

nce they caught Of his slim grace and woman’s eyes, They laughed, and called him good-for-naught. Yet after he was dead and g

llow-huntsmen cheered on the dogs, and looking everywhere for Actæon, called on him to join the sport. At the sound of his nam

as and Juno, if a mortal were thus to usurp her honors. Wherefore she called Cupid, and pointing out Psyche to him, bade him i

a, they rose early the next morning and, ascending the mountain, each called upon Zephyr to receive her and bear her to his lo

den-crowned Cypris. That goddess received her with angry countenance, called her an undutiful and faithless servant, taunted h

t of new desire now pierced him through, And therewithal a soft voice called his name, And when he turned, with eager eyes afl

thou not come to me, O dear companion of my new found life, For I am called thy lover and thy wife?… “My sweet,” she said, “a

rom peace to strife, To love, to joy, to pain!”‌ 190 The maiden was called Galatea. Venus blessed the nuptials, and from the

. Fig. 62. Hymen. [Wall painting: Roscher 16, 17: 2802.] Hymen was called to bless with his presence the nuptials of Orpheu

Proserpine could not resist, and Pluto himself gave way. Eurydice was called . She came from among the new-arrived ghosts, limp

satyr, made love to the maiden, and boring the earth with his trident called forth the spring that still bears the Danaïd’s na

reeping over her, and returned by her bow as she had come. But Somnus called one of his sons — Morpheus — the most expert in c

h. On the banks of the Nile are two colossal statues, one of which is called Memnon’s; and it was said that when the first ray

unately, did not always convey her sentiments. When, however, he once called across the hills to her, “Let us join one another

ut win its just reward. § 125. The Cranes of Ibycus.239 — The Furies, called also Diræ (the terrible ones), Erinyes (the perse

In his honor the Isthmian games were celebrated. By the Romans he was called Portumnus, and had jurisdiction of ports and shor

eus, Pelops, Castor and Pollux. These and their contemporaries may be called the Older Heroes. They are renowned either for in

. The king, Iobates, sought a hero to destroy this Chimæra, as it was called . At that time Bellerophon arrived at his court. T

oined upon the hero a succession of desperate undertakings, which are called the twelve “Labors of Hercules.” The first was th

er with three bodies, who dwelt in the island Erythea (the red), — so called because it lay in the west, under the rays of the

his to secure the golden fleece, and he captured the thievish gnomes, called Cercopes.288 In the Argonautic adventure he was a

l Helle fell from his back into the sea, which from her was afterward called the Hellespont — now the Dardanelles. The ram saf

sa, princess of Corinth. Whereupon Medea, enraged at his ingratitude, called on the gods for vengeance: then, sending a poison

a boar of enormous size to lay waste the fields of Calydon. Meleager called on the heroes of Greece to join in a hunt for the

d the fatal draught. Medea fled to Asia, where the country afterwards called Media is said to have received its name from her.

to King Polybus of Corinth and his queen, by whom he was adopted and called Œdipus, or Swollen-foot. Many years afterward, Œd

ired, was afflicted with a monster that infested the highroad. It was called the Sphinx. It had the body of a lion, and the up

to the last. Both his daughters were, also, with him: — And then he called his girls, and bade them fetch Clear water from t

ntigone. Teschendorff. There was sobbing, then silence. Then a voice called him, — and he followed. God took him from his tro

the greatest poems of antiquity, those of Homer and Vergil. Menelaüs called upon the chieftains of Greece to aid him in recov

t, and sent such pestilence upon the Grecian camp, that a council was called to deliberate how to allay the wrath of the gods

he field and took refuge in their ships. Then Agamemnon, king of men, called a council of his wisest and bravest chiefs. In th

non and bitterly lamenting the miseries that had resulted from it, he called on them to proceed at once to the field. Agamemno

town Hector stood without determined to await the combat. His father called to him from the walls, begging him to retire nor

o splendid tripods and a golden cup of matchless workmanship. Then he called to his sons and bade them draw forth his litter a

.] The Palladium. — There was in Troy a celebrated statue of Minerva called the Palladium. It was said to have fallen from he

Milton also alludes to a famous recipe for an invigorating draught called Nepenthe, which the Egyptian queen gave to Helen:

s flesh.” He took and drank it, and was hugely delighted with it, and called for more. Ulysses supplied him once and again, wh

t out of his way and concealed themselves in the cave. He, bellowing, called aloud on all the Cyclopes dwelling in the caves a

were heard from within, and a sweet female voice singing. Eurylochus called aloud and the goddess came forth and invited them

he Italian shore where now stands the city of Naples — in early times called by the Siren’s name. Scylla and Charybdis. — Uly

er’s hospitality when he should become acquainted with the facts. She called back her scattered maidens, chiding their alarm,

ir union more than a year when it was interrupted by the events which called Ulysses to the Trojan war. During his long absenc

was warned in a dream to leave the country, and seek a western land, called Hesperia, whence Dardanus, the true founder of th

r of the Trojan race, was reported to have migrated. To Hesperia, now called Italy, they, therefore, directed their future cou

t his anger was not the less at this interference in his province. He called the winds and dismissed them with a severe reprim

rips, and with them enclosed a spot on which she built a citadel, and called it Byrsa (a hide). Around this fort the city of C

others dancing or singing. Orpheus struck the chords of his lyre, and called forth ravishing sounds. Here Æneas saw the founde

rupted, and seizing a weapon, stepped forward to the river’s bank. He called aloud, demanding who they were, and what their ob

gave them laws. Such peace and plenty ensued that men ever since have called his reign the golden age; but by degrees far othe

m fixed in the resolution to go with thee. Let us lose no time.” They called the guard, and committing the watch to them, soug

e restored to thy friends, and have due funeral honors.” So saying he called the timid followers and delivered the body into t

ined Lavinia for his bride. Tradition adds that he founded a city and called it Lavinium, after her name. His son Iulus founde

de a man out of it; woman they made out of a piece of alder; and they called the man Ash and the woman Embla. Odin then gave t

spelt Woden, as it sometimes is, comes Wednesday. Odin is frequently called Alfadur (All-father), but this name is sometimes

sent to her; that is, all who die of sickness or old age. Her hall is called Elvidnir. Hunger is her table, Starvation her kni

sent a messenger to the mountain spirits, who made for them the chain called Gleipnir. It is fashioned of six things: the nois

o had come amongst them. Feeling no longer bound by their oaths, they called on Thor, who immediately ran to their assistance,

larmed by an earthquake which shook the whole edifice. Thor rising up called on his companions to seek with him a place of saf

ess ourselves; but you have not now a long way before you to the city called Utgard. I have heard you whispering to one anothe

ght thou must pull deeply; and I must needs say that thou wilt not be called so mighty a man here as thou art at home if thou

t one little shrub that grows on the eastern side of Valhalla, and is called Mistletoe, and which I thought too young and feeb

skinny hag, Toothless and old; she gibes the passers-by. Thok is she called , but now Lok wore her shape; She greeted them the

and generally appeared as fair and lovely children. Their country was called Elfheim, and was the domain of Freyr, in whose su

they, disregarding its fall, direct their course to the battle-field called Vigrid Thither also repair the wolf Fenris, the M

’s death; and so bereft of all her kin, and consumed with sorrow, she called upon her ancient lover, Sigurd, to come and look

The Lay of the Nibelungs.395 — In the German version of this story — called the Nibelungenlied — certain variations of name,

After thirteen years she inveigles her brothers and their retainers, called now Nibelungs because of their possession of the

sult Index and the references as there indicated. § 11. Homer is also called Melesigenes, son of Meles — the stream on which S

hich Lang prefaces the translation. Lycophron (260 b.c.) wrote a poem called Alexandra, on the consequences of the voyage of P

s, who lived on terms of close intimacy with Ovid, a fragmentary work called the Book of Fables, which is sometimes a useful s

r on hig‌h399 the sun. Thea: the beautiful, shining; the moon. She is called by Homer Euryphaëssa, the far-shining. Iapetus: t

ps means the round-eyed. The Hecatonchires were Briareus, the strong, called also Ægæon (see 21 C); Cottus, the striker; Gyes

tus, the striker; Gyes (or Gyges), the vaulter, or crippler. Gyges is called by Horace (Carm. 2, 17: 14) Centimanus, — the hun

ativity, “Nor Typhon huge ending in snaky twine.” The monster is also called Typhöeus ( Hesiod, Theog. 1137). The name means t

arracci; the Jupiter (sculpture) by Benvenuto Cellini. § 34. Juno was called by the Romans Juno Lucina, the special goddess of

generally chlamys (short warrior’s cloak); so the marble Ares statue ( called the Borghese Achilles) in the Louvre. There is a

at, therefore, the spirit of man was composed of fire. Vulcan is also called by the Romans Mulciber, from mulceo, to soften.

, which are overcome by the rays of the springtide sun. The dragon is called Delphyne, or Python. The latter name may be deriv

his, the dolphin.” — Lang, Myth, Ritual, etc., 2: 197. Apollo is also called Lycius, which means, not the wolf-slayer, as is s

d Pausanias.) — Lang, Myth, Ritual, etc., 2: 194, 195. Apollo is also called the Sminthian, or Mouse-god, because he was regar

was induced in the Pythoness, and the faculty of clairvoyance really called into action. Scholars have also sought to determi

emed of all the remains of ancient sculpture is the statue of Apollo, called the Belvedere, from the name of the apartment of

n, and, later, even as a goddess of victory. A festival in her honor, called the Veneralia, was held in Rome in April. Illust

on. Plays were acted during this festival. The Great Mother was also called Cybele, Berecyntia, and Dindymene. The Cybele of

mes are Iacchus, Bromius, Evius (from the cry evoe). The god was also called Lyæus, the loosener of care, Liber, the liberator

ical figure, — a personification of wealth and nothing more. Hades is called also the Illustrious, the Many-named, the Benigna

rn (Cronus). So Milton, P. L., “And fabled how the serpent, whom they called Ophion, with Eurynome (the wide-Encroaching Eve p

s also uncertain, but the best authorities favor youthful. A festival called the Hyacinthia was celebrated, in commemoration o

llation between the Great and Little Bears. Boötes: the constellation called the Wagoner. The limits of the Scorpion were rest

e Phaëthon, like the name Phœbus, means “the radiant one.” The sun is called both Helios Phaëthon and Helios Phœbus in Homer.

rpretative. — The month in which the festival of Linus took place was called the Lambs’ Month: the days were the Lambs’ Days,

come down to us that the treatment of the sick resembled what is now called animal magnetism or mesmerism. Serpents were sacr

des of Elihu Vedder. § 92. Mount Latmos: in Caria. Diana is sometimes called Phœbe, the shining one. For the descendants of En

subjected to cultivation, and blossoming with flowers, might well be called a horn of plenty. There is another account of the

n Euboea. Mount Œta: in Thessaly. The Pygmies: a nation of dwarfs, so called from a Greek word meaning the cubit, or measure o

. § 165. Houses Concerned in the Trojan War. Castor and Pollux are called sometimes Dioscuri (sons of Jove), sometimes Tynd

Jove), sometimes Tyndaridse (sons of Tyndareus). Helen is frequently called Tyndaris, daughter of Tyndareus. § 166. C. S.

ef portion of his life at Crotona in Italy. He is therefore sometimes called “the Samian,” and sometimes “the philosopher of C

war and of wisdom, lord of the ravens, lord of the gallows (which was called Woden’s tree or Woden’s steed). Frigga is Mother

us, a mythical grandson of Æneas; fabled to have colonized the island called , after him, Britain. Brynhild, 396-399; Com. §§ 1

e Halcyone. Cha′os, 37; Com. § 16. Cha′ris: youngest of the Charites; called also Aglaia (Aglaïa), wife of Vulcan. Char′i-tes;

f foreign origin. His name means the “opener,” or the “carver.” He is called “ the Father of the Beginning,” and as the prime

. Represented with the head of a ram. Khem, Chem (cf Milton’s Cham), called also Min: the energizing principle of physical li

r the daughter of Faunus and wife of the Roman Vulcan. In either case called Bona Dea. Man, origin of, Greek, 42, 43. Ma′nes,

son of Gæa; later identified with Typhon. Ty′phon, 41, 341; but also called the son of Typhōeus and a hurricane; Com. § 21. T

ions, and their followers scarcely comprehend the assertions they are called on implicitly to believe. With this we have nothi

) Amidst their forehead to receive the light; Hence were they Cyclops called .” Hesiod. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mytholo

of Cybele from the mountain where her life had been preserved. She is called also the ancient Vesta, to distinguish her from h

istinguish her from her daughter Vesta, who, with her mother, is also called Cybele. But the Deity of whom we now write is the

aturn and Titan, the priests invented a dance accompanied with noise, called the Dactyl, in which they interchanged blows on s

his sister. ‌The commencement of their union was a happy one, and was called the age of silver, being an era of virtue, less p

what ye do, but what ye suffer, Being evil. Cruel is the power which called You, or aught else so wretched into light!     Th

eance of Jupiter, and he ordered Vulcan to create a female, whom they called Pandora. All the Gods vied in making presents. Ve

ese valuable presents which she received from the Gods, the woman was called Pandora, which intimates that she had received ev

the strain prolong, And from the rocks, the woods, the vale,     She called on Echo still throughout the song; And where her

a passive nature. These ideas are allied with those of Hymen, who is called Juno, the virtuous wife. A statue of Juno recentl

of corn.” Thomson. Loved by Jupiter, she had by the God a daughter called Proserpine, whom Pluto, God of Hell, seized near

h she presided over the chase, was the peculiar deity of hunters, and called Diana. In Hell she is named Hecate and revered by

h to the sky, and placed them among the constellations, Calista being called “the Great Bear,” and Arcas, “the Little Bear.”‌

hrew himself on the sea-shore, and fell fast asleep; some pirates who called there for water, struck with his extreme beauty,

which dissipated the fumes of wine, and he carried in his hand a dart called the thyrsis, twined round with leaves of ivy, and

s the thyrsis. His feasts were celebrated every three years, and were called orgies, from a word which signifies fury and impe

us over the heart, was supported and assisted by a celebrated girdle, called zone by the Greeks, and cestus by the Latins. Thi

show how well established her worship was all over the earth. She was called Cypria, ‌because particularly worshipped in the i

ame unheard, or unadored, In ancient Greece; and in Ausonian land Men called him Mulciber; and how he fell From heaven they fa

e to the horse, the symbol of war and bloodshed. The victorious deity called the capital Athenæ, and became the tutelar divini

e fate he experienced through the veracity of her decree. Minerva was called Athena Pallas, either from her killing the giant

las, or because the spear which she seems to brandish in her hands is called “pallein.” According to the different characters

not only its possessor, but the spectator of it, prefer it to what is called pleasure, in which all is not pleasure. It is dif

of his son. The cause was tried at Athens, in a place which has been called from thence Areopagus, and Mars was acquitted. “

ch as none Of us may wisely look upon.” Barry Cornwall. In vain she called upon her attendants for help, the God bore her of

. The flute was invented by Pan, and formed of seven reeds, which he called Syrinx, in honour of a beautiful nymph of the sam

en to Silenus in Arcadia, and from him the Fauns and Satyrs are often called Sileni. The Satyrs, also gods of the Country, wer

and many are the strains attributed to her. “I come, I come! ye have called me long, I come o’er the mountains with light and

foot hath been. I have sent thro’ the wood-paths a glowing sigh, And called out each voice of the deep blue sky; From the nig

nion with her brother Erebus, she gave birth to day and light: she is called by some of the poets, the mother of all things, o

were commenced upon equitable grounds. The Athenians instituted fêtes called Nemesia, in memory of deceased persons, as the go

nder the name of Gemini. Sparta, celebrated in honour of them, a fête called Dioscuria, which was observed with jovial festivi

bruited about all Greece, and the young and ardent of the nation were called upon to join him in the glory and the danger. The

upon to join him in the glory and the danger. They set sail in a ship called Argo and after a series of adventures arrived at

hirst of gold! Stamped with wild foot and shook her torrent brow, And called the furies from their dens below!” Ovid. When i

after which she became the wife of King Ægeus, to whom she bore a son called Medus. Before his intimacy with Medea, Ægeus had

thus deceive me? Away, away, no more pollute my court; Wert thou not called my son, thy time were short.’” Racine. Banished

r. With a prophetic voice he exclaimed: — “Lo! the immortal gods have called — the ground on which we stand, shall be my grave

nd the room he winds his curious eyes; And, as he still enquired, and called aloud; Fierce Philomela, all besmeared with blood

rcury to him to command him to leave Africa, to try the destiny which called him to Italy. In vain Dido endeavoured to stop hi

nto that of a beautiful female, whom he married, and had by her a son called Paphos, who founded the town of the same name in

r. Jobates to satisfy his son-in-law, sent Beller to attack a monster called Chimæra, in the full expectation that he would be

gypt, and the Adonis of Syria; or rather, that he is the ancient god, called Adoni-Siris, a well known classical combination,