present Edition I think I may venture to speak with more confidence. It is the result of my reading for the last six year

owing pages which I have not made myself directly from the originals. It will also be found to contain the results of the

g, to my country, that it might be said of me, Haud inutiliter vixit. It appeared to me that histories of a better kind th

hography or grammar. The following digression will I hope be excused. It is on a subject — that of literary property — in

ight to be amused, to which right those of individuals must give way. It is very much as if the public were to insist on a

be done us by the legislature. We are a small and a disunited party. It cannot be said of us Hic multum in Fabia valet,

iginal seems to have been Sidney's Arcadia, which commences thus : — « It was in the time that the earth begins to put on h

is my father and the Earth is my mother, and I repose on her bosom.» It would therefore seem that the view of nature on w

s contracted from Jovino, as prudens is from pro videns. Page 517. —  It appears to us to be quite erroneous to suppose th

njoined deities (Liv. iii. 55. Dionys. vi. 17. 44. Tac. Ann. ii. 49). It stood at the foot of the Aventine and belonged to

re be regarded as the depository of the early religion of the people. It also stands at the head of their history, for the

, is mythic, its first personages and actions are chiefly imaginary3. It is only gradually that the mist clears away, and

rk off the marvellous and the incredible. Origin of Mythology. It is an interesting but by no means an easy task to

an be of benefit or injury to him, seems congenial to the human mind. It is always the religion of unenlightened tribes, a

racing the steps of error, returned to the truth which had been lost. It is utterly impossible to fix historically the dat

dry assertion or conjecture became a marvellous or an agreeable tale. It is the opinion of one of the ablest mythologists

ent and modern legendary explanations of the same natural appearance. It is well known that most of the rivers of the Pelo

eptions, — all calculated to impose on the ignorant and the unwary44. It is against this system that we are most anxious t

es are familiar to the readers of the pseudo-Ossian are the heroes46. It is chiefly to the explanation of the rich and ele

elves as to leave no doubt of the original identity of the systems48. It is to the neglect of this rule that we owe so muc

ork we shall bring forward some objections against this hypothesis54. It is certainly not improbable that these ancient pr

of the ancients, offers no appearance of a regular concerted system. It is rather a loose collection of various images an

ow, Olympos was in the time of Homer held to be the seat of the gods. It does not appear to us that any one spot can be re

up, as we may call it, of the gods together, began to be employed63. It was thus that the wine-god Dionysos was made one

e effort to reduce the mythes to history, began greatly to prevail66. It is probable that this took its rise from the Egyp

ent historians, as we may perceive in the case of Diodorus of Sicily. It was translated into Latin by Ennius, of whose wor

but its greatest cultivators were the philosophers of the Stoic sect. It was chiefly physical and ethical truths that they

itted for centuries, have for some years engaged the pens of critics. It seems to be now generally agreed that the two poe

. These too have disappeared, excepting a portion of those of Pindar. It is much to be lamented, in a mythologic view, tha

egends the Greek originals can,with few exceptions, be pointed out85. It was also in this period that Hyginus wrote the my

this respect, as likewise is the Violet-bed86 of the empress Eudocia. It would be tedious to particularise all the other s

nowledge, they write for the people, who still retain old prejudices. It is thus that in the poets of the Augustan age we

dy observed that the Ocean of Homer and Hesiod was a river or stream. It is always so called by these poets115, and they d

Its course was from south to north up the western side of the earth. It flowed calmly and equably, unvexed by tempests an

lowed calmly and equably, unvexed by tempests and unnavigated by man. It was termed bark-flowing, deepflowing, soft-flowin

the greater gods to pass to and fro on their visits to the earth.126 It is an utterly unfounded supposition of the learne

aros was, as we have already remarked, unvisited by the light of day. It was regarded as the prison of the gods, and not a

n in which the wicked suffered the punishment due to their crimes134. It may not be uninteresting ere we quit the subject

or round, With opal towers and battlements adorned Of living saphir. It stretched into plains and rose into hills, was wa

sion, where length, breadth and height, And time and place are lost. It contained the ‘embryon atoms’ which the Almighty

den compasses set off the space for the world he was about to create. It formed a hollow globe, and hung from Heaven by a

se consisted of Heaven, Hell, Chaos, and the World with its contents. It is thus that the most imaginative of modern poets

nifications of another, but what kind is more difficult to ascertain. It is, however, probable that they refer to winter,

Titan-war therefore could have formed no part of the original mythe. It had its origin in the figurative terms bind and l

s in which earth and water were regarded as the origin of all beings. It reverses however the usual order, the earth being

Hesperides, Nemesis, Deceit, Love (Φιλότης), Old-age, and Strife169. It is not difficult to discern the reasons for givin

ot difficult to discern the reasons for giving this progeny to Night. It is a principle of all cosmogony that darkness pre

mortals ; Night, ‘wrapt in a sable cloud, carries Sleep in her arms.’ It is not quite clear whether the poet places the dw

e North, whilst Apollonius176 appears to place them within the earth. It was, as we shall see, the custom of the poets (or

is golden chamber lie, By Ocean’s marge, whither bold Iasôn went203. It is also in the East that ‘the stables’ of Helios

s of his wild poem210 Nonnus places the abode of the Sun in the East. It is remarkable that neither he nor the Latin poets

dorned by Lucifer and Aurora, we may presume that it was in the East. It is also in the East that Ovid places the splendid

a chariot ; Pindar214 calls him ‘the ruler of fire-breathing steeds’. It is probable that, like the other Homeric gods, He

The name Helios (Ἣλιος) is perhaps derived from ἕλα,ἕλη, brightness. It seems, however, akin to the names of the Sun in t

n Hymns254 Selene is called the daughter of Pallas, son of Megamedes. It was said that Selene was enamoured of Endymiôn, o

r of things. This is surely not the order one might have anticipated. It is now, however, hardly possible to rectify the e

, or by Demeter294. According to Pherecydes her sire was Aristæos295. It is said in the Theogony296 that Hecate was highly

ly an interpolation in the Theogony, with which it is not in harmony. It has all the appearance of being an Orphic composi

ey came as it would appear from the eastern part of the Ocean-stream. It was fabled at a late period that Kronos lay aslee

itable mother could not be assigned him than the nymph Lyreloving324. It is highly probable that the whole history of this

identity of their ancient deity with the object of Phœnician worship. It was not improbably the circumstance of both gods

easure340. Their bodies are also of a finer nature than those of men. It is not blood, but a blood-like fluid named ichôr,

cus, who says370 that Deucaliôn built altars to them after the flood. It was perhaps the number of the months of the year

enealogy ; and last came the poets, who detailed the amorous history. It seems to have been an ancient opinion that the go

eus and Hermes came one time in the form of men to a town in Phrygia. It was evening ; they sought for hospitality, but ev

he temple, they were suddenly changed into an oak and a lime-tree401. It was the habit of the Greeks to appropriate partic

the water441, we may hesitate to give our full assent to this theory. It is rather curious to observe the manner in which

an the whole aspect of the realm of Hades as pictured in the Odyssey. It is in fact surprising, that men who had such a dr

f the ideas of the Greeks, the nether-world underwent a total change. It was now divided into two separate regions : Tarta

gyptians ; and thus they appropriated all the mythic ideas of Greece. It may give some idea of their hardihood, to observe

we have already shown, the gods had not as yet any favourite animals. It is an Indian bird, and was according to Theophras

rth, as we shall presently show) in spring-time producing vegetation. It is in effect the Sacred Marriage (ἱϵρὸς γάμος) of

tree he sat. They then cut down that tree, and made an image from it. It is probable that the other cities of Bœotia did t

s, it is a matter of much difficulty to ascertain its real character. It seems most probable, however, that it was designe

plainly discernible in the beautiful passage of Homer above noticed. It is given without any disguise by Euripides535, in

ars in the procession of the Dædala, where a cow also was the victim. It has likewise been supposed, not without reason, t

German Herr, Herrin, and therefore signified Master and Mistress 544. It is possible, however, that the two derivations ma

t almost lead us to assign its origin to a comparatively late period. It may be, as is generally supposed, an ancient phys

appended by later writers a legendary origin of the cock (ἀλϵκτρυών). It is said that Alectryôn was a youth whom Ares plac

m the Amazons having there offered sacrifices to Ares, their sire563. It is quite manifest therefore that the real origin

ure, ornaments, and arms of the Olympians were the work of his hands. It would be an almost endless task to enumerate all

81. The favourite haunt of Hephæstos on earth was the isle of Lemnos. It was here he fell when flung from heaven by Zeus f

n to Hiera, and directs his men the Cyclopes to execute the order584. It is thus that mythology changes with modes of life

umed to the abode of the gods, Youth was given to him in marriage593. It was apparently to bring the life of the gods more

8 that Hebe was worshiped at Phliûs and Sicyôn under the name of Dia. It is not improbable that from the name of Ganymedes

red to the goddess Hecate, who was connected with the lower-world641. It cannot be said positively whether this mythe (whi

ccur in the parts of the Hias of which the antiquity is most dubious. It may also be doubted if the temple-legend of Delph

to resound, he directed his swans to fly back from the Hyperboreans. It was then summer, and the very middle of it, when

to make the very water capable of perceiving the access of the god.» It was probably on account of their pure white hue t

se rites were transplanted, the festival was prolonged to eight days. It is uncertain when the Adoneia were first celebrat

tified with Astarte), and thus becoming the patroness of marriage762. It was probably on account of her being esteemed the

eaven, that Aphrodite was so frequently styled the Heavenly (Urania). It is very important to observe that she was so name

ng Eileithyia, the president of child-birth, is not equally apparent. It may be perhaps that in the hymn ascribed to Olên

order to be perfectly fitted for an enduring union with the divinity. It is thus explained by the Christian mythologist Fu

s bride.” According to a third expositor782 the mythe is a moral one. It is intended to represent the dangers to which nup

Love and Psyche has been the original of many a pleasing fairy-tale. It has been told in French prose by the naïf and cha

ly came by her moral and political character in the following manner. It was the practice of the different classes and ord

riginally signified the flowers with which the meads are bespread875. It is to be observed that, in the version of the sto

by Hades, and the search of the goddess after her through the world. It is noticed by Hesiod881 ; but the Homeridian hymn

gth of fire,’ unknown to his parents, who marvelled at his growth886. It was the design of Demeter to make him immortal, b

h sweet-smelling flowers Of various kinds the earth doth bloom, thou ‘ It come From gloomy darkness back, — a mighty joy To

future state, and worshiped a deity presiding over that unseen world. It may be doubted whether they gave him a consort (f

sacrifices and ceremonies, which were different in different places. It is further to be recollected, that the Greeks bel

istence after death, a vivid hope of enjoying bliss in the next life. It was evidently the principle already stated, of se

ding in general to the system of philosophy which he had embraced923. It was thus that Porphyrius conceived the Hierophant

h as much minuteness as if he had been actually himself initiated924. It is to be observed, in conclusion, with respect to

imported from Asia, which were undoubtedly liable to that imputation. It must always be remembered, that those of Eleusis

stice, and peace, the great producers of order and harmony among men. It is possible however, but not agreeable to analogy

leithyia was called993, 1. Labour-aiding ; 2. Gentle-minded 994, etc. It is not by any means an improbable supposition, th

thes span with the thread for him when his mother brought him forth.’ It is probable that Homer, in accordance with the su

ably comes from μϵίρω, and Aisa from δαίω, both signifying to divide. It is a very extraordinary coincidence, that the Nom

of Thaumas (Wonder) by Electra (Brightness) the daughter of Oceanos. It is evidently the Rainbow (ἴρις) that is meant, wh

stances), seems to have been coeval with Grecian poetry and religion. It was not however by any means peculiar to Greece ;

he mythology of this god gradually underwent after the time of Homer. It has been very justly observed by Lobeck1082, that

illeus ; but the spuriousness of that part of the poem is well known. It was further observed by the ancient critics, that

ys banquets among the immortal gods, and possesses fair-ankled Hebe.’ It is not however said that he had obtained the powe

reeks at the time when the Ionians were permitted to settle in Egypt. It is in no small degree surprising with what facili

1111, and Dionysos thence passed over to Naxos, where he met Ariadne. It was on his way thither that his adventure with th

ar manner with Panchaia, and other happy retreats of the same nature. It therefore had verdant meads, abundant springs, tr

ke those of Heracles, until long after the decline of Grecian poetry. It was in the fifth century of the Christian æra, th

the clash of their instruments. The Indian Bacchos is always bearded. It is with reason that Sophocles1119 styles Dionysos

ire-born ; 4. Dance-rouser ; 5. Mountain-rover ; 6. Sleep-giver, etc. It seems probable that in the original conception of

n epithet, Μηρογϵνὴς, usually rendered Thigh-born, lies in this word. It is not impossible that the real root of his mothe

ides that indefinite one whence Persephone was carried away by Hades. It therefore is a matter of uncertainty which was th

er Homer, and completed a little before the time of Onomacritus1135.” It is needless to remind our readers, that we have n

and the Phrygians, whose religion we know to have been different1136. It does not however seem to have been the practice o

temple was accordingly erected to her at Pessinos by king Midas1139. It is apparent from this account that Cybele, Marsya

r wood or primitive matter, this was another ground for exalting him. It is amusing to read how all the attributes of the

year, which runs back on itself, because he is the god of all nature. It is feigned by the poets, that he struggled with L

, and they formed the chorus of the species of drama named from them. It is not unlikely that they are indebted for their

s called a Silen1200. Like the seagods, Silenos was noted for wisdom. It would therefore appear that a Silen was simply a

w ? Life is most free from pain when one is ignorant of future evils. It is best of all for man not to be born…… the secon

d and sable-cloaked Priaps ; And Pans sighed after thy sweet melody. It was fabled1219 that Priapos was the son of Aphrod

d his steps everywhere, but was long unable to accost him. At length It happed the youth was from his faithful band Of co

rsian is Nirgis, which proves the derivation from ναρкέω to be wrong. It was sacred to Demeter and the Kora1241. It was fa

n from ναρкέω to be wrong. It was sacred to Demeter and the Kora1241. It was fabled, that in the early ages of Southern It

de, and was probably derived from a verb ΝϒΒΩ, to cover or veil 1245. It was gradually applied to married1246 or marriagea

marriageable young women, for the idea of youth was always included. It is in this last sense that the goddesses of whom

on his doing so he followed their example, and thus became a sea-god. It was also said1272 that he obtained his immortalit

the extremity toward night, where the clear-voiced Hesperides abide.’ It names them Stheino, Euryale and Medusa, which las

orgon in that mythe, Medusa, is merely another form of Pallas-Athene. It is therefore not improbable that the theory of so

es to the West-sea, which he made the scene of his hero's adventures. It is a question among critics whether the Odyssey i

f it lost all thoughts of home, and wished to remain in that country. It was by main force that Odysseus dragged these men

mph : he is also said1337 to have been the strongest of the Cyclopes. It is not a little remarkable, that neither in the d

 : we however cannot help thinking that it was on the coast of Libya. It lay at no great distance from that of the Lotus-e

reply, that it in no point accords with the description in the poem. It is thus that the Thunder, Lightning, and Flame of

ther of the king of the Phæacians, a people of the ordinary size1348. It was probably the poet’s saying that they were des

he isle of Sicily, where his motions cause the eruptions of Ætna1349. It is said1350 that Earth, enraged at the destructio

tice as to induce the poet to place it among the wonders of the West. It is much more probable that the solution of the di

Ææa), and the current and the breeze of its surface bring them back. It would also appear that, as soon as the ship left

brought Circe in his chariot to her isle off the coast of Tyrrhenia. It is curious to observe the liberties which the lat

hence took occasion to connect Circe with their own scanty mythology. It was fabled, for example, that she had been marrie

ling themselves into the sea, where they were changed into rocks1380. It was afterwards fabled that they were the daughter

Charybdis’ three times each day absorbs and regorges the dark water. It is much more dangerous, she adds, to pass Charybd

l that we meet ; — not one of which circumstances agrees with Sicily. It seems therefore the more probable supposition, th

Corfu, which lies at a very short distance from the coast of Epeiros. It would not perhaps be allowable to urge, that the

owed Apollo comes with Artemis and kills them with his gentle darts.’ It contained two towns ; between the inhabitants of

ivided. The Phœnicians and Taphians visited it for the sake of trade. It is almost impossible, we should think, not to rec

urously, the day closed in joy, the morning awoke to renewed delight. It was easy and it was natural to transfer these ide

an literature by Hesiod, who may be regarded as the Plato of his age. It contained originally, as it is given by Aratus, b

g of Time, and man, say the sacred Scriptures, is ‘born unto misery’. It is not unreasonable therefore to find in the name

nd haughtiness and extreme reliance on his powers hurry man to death. It is said by later writers that for his share in th

onquest of the sea by human skill, trade, and mercantile profit1459.” It is perhaps hardly necessary now to remind the rea

dæmon who discharged that office himself, became a mountain of Libya. It is however remarkable that in all the legends of

, they put it on the back of an ass, and let him trot on before them. It was summer time, and the ass quite overcome by th

Prometheus with Dædalos and Heracles, and speaks of him as a man1483. It is remarkable however that Æschylus represents hi

house of the men, into a box brought with her from heaven by Pandora. It is rather strange how this notion could have prev

regard it as a rivulet derived from the original fount of tradition. It is however more probably an ebullition of that sp

the love of knowledge ; the latter merely by vulgar female curiosity. It seems very strange that the ancients should have

one of whose lost satyric dramas was named Pandora or the Hammerers. It was equally neglected by the Alexandrians ; Apoll

Epimetheus, and became the mother of Pyrrha, the first mortal woman. It is also deserving of notice, that Hesiod and all

with circumstances borrowed from the narrative in the Mosaic history. It is to the following effect. Deucaliôn, the son of

hanges in Greece, and sent so many colonies to the East and the West. It was probably at this time that the word Hellenes

ontact, adopted a common name by which to distinguish themselves1518. It would therefore seem to be the most probable hypo

the time of Solôn the lineaments of truth, and becomes real history. It is this last period alone which presents material

 — a word in Homer only indicative of civil rank and preeminence1524. It afterwards became significative of beings of a cl

m in the distance, but fade into mist when he attempts to grasp them. It is a region of sunshine and fragrance, in which t

and shall commence at Thessaly, the most northerly portion of Greece. It must be previously stated, that the genealogists

orced him to resign his victim, whom he then restored to her husband. It was also said that Heracles fetched Alcestis back

d that stream to come to it, and in so doing lost one of his sandals. It is said that Hera, out of enmity to Pelias, who h

in the mountains, and ‘the will of great Zeus was accomplished1544.’ It is evident therefore that this poet supposed Iasô

graves of the children of Medeia were in the temple of this goddess. It was an annual custom at Corinth that seven youths

oddess1556, whose priestess, like Io, she probably was in this mythe. It is also remarkable that the only place, besides C

im ; but he committed the charge of it to Bunos, and went to Colchis. It would thus appear that the whole mythe of Æetes a

th ‘green pines,’ and the earth finally opened and swallowed him1593. It is also said that Cæneus, filled with confidence

e was raised to the sky and made the constellation of the Bowman1598. It is the opinion of Buttmann1599 that the Centaurs

admos is, by its relation to history, one of considerable importance. It is usually regarded as offering a convincing proo

kable that this Theban poet never even hints at his Phœnician origin. It was however an article of general belief in Pinda

nician influence in the language, manners, or institutions of Bœotia. It is further a thing most incredible, that a seafar

those objects of trade which might tempt a people of that character. It is also strange that the descendents of these col

nd others, of whose name it is difficult to assign a probable origin. It is however said that Cadmos signifies Prince or G

gulator, that gave rise to all this mystery in which he is enveloped. It was certainly his name that led to the idea of gi

conquest of the country and the origin of the Theban patricians1639. It is rather remarkable that the names of the childr

, sacred to him, whence perhaps came the name of the town itself1653. It was moreover a habit of the early Greek colonies

had by her four children, Leucôn, Erythroe, Schœneus, and Ptoös1660. It is thus that we find this important mythe related

that in the time of dearth he offered himself as a voluntary victim. It has been already observed that the tragic poets a

this act Kytissoros had drawn the anger of the gods on his posterity. It is not unlikely then that this mythe of Athamas t

Although a stone, she yet broods o'er the woes Sent by the gods1668. It was said that one son and a daughter named Chlori

Asios made her the wife of Epopeus at the time of her conception1674. It is indeed not improbable that this poet represent

ntiopids glimpses are given of the ancient political state of Thebes. It is observed that there is no connexion between th

s, and she sat on the Phicean Hill and propounded one to the Thebans. It was this : “What is that which has one voice, is

ghting at the seven-gated Thebes on account of the sheep of Œdipodes. It would also seem that, according to the above pass

Attic tragedians allowed themselves to take with the ancient mythes. It was purely to gratify Athenian vanity that Sophoc

bans to abandon their city, and he was the companion of their flight. It was still night when they arrived at the fountain

f the name Minyans given to the heroes, which we have just mentioned. It is a remarkable fact, that Orchomenos was one of

eing the same with the Lapiths and the military class of the Minyans. It was probably their name which gave occasion to th

ed in Naxos ; by their own hands, according to a later tradition1722. It was also a tradition that they dwelt at Ascra (of

al conception of them may have been similar to that of the Molionids. It was possibly their names that led to the fiction

heir paying him for twenty years an annual tribute of a hundred oxen. It was for this tribute that the heralds were going

e result of choice, and he must be tempted and resist the temptation. It was also necessary for the perfection of virtue t

vent is placed, on the authority of the Parian Chronicle, b. c. 1582. It may therefore seem strange that Cecrops should ap

e name of Theopompus, but which was a forgery intended to injure him. It was named Τρικάρανος, and it attacked the traditi

of the name in its favour1808, was not however the prevalent opinion. It was also said that Tereus was changed into a hawk

t and killed her1817. This legend also is told with great variations. It was said that Cephalos refused to comply with the

825. Here we find a physical mythe in union with a historical legend. It was a tradition in Attica that the sacred family

se name shows that she could not have belonged to the original mythe. It is, we should think, quite evident that Oreithyia

lanation of the legendary history of Attica from the time of Cecrops. It is not necessary for us, we presume, to set about

dias) and his daughter Attica (Atthis) are not historical personages. It is equally needless to show that Amphictyôn, or r

more than the name by which Poseidôn was worshiped on the Acropolis. It is well known that none but the ancient deities o

y the abbreviated form of the name which signifies Earth-shaker 1851. It need not surprise us to find this deity, when mad

ind this deity, when made a hero, assigned the origins above related. It is probable that in the more ancient legend there

be observed, that his Trojan namesake was renowned for his stud1852. It may be that Pandiôn is indebted for his Attic roy

cia, and the hero apparently sets out on his adventures from Corinth. It would not surprise us if the ancient form of the

a name, if possible, more enigmatic than Argeiphontes and Persephone. It is probably derived from some word of which no tr

ythic history commences with the river Inachos and his son Phoroneus. It is, moreover, in this cycle alone that we find an

term Argeiphontes is to be regarded as intimating a knowledge of Io. It is also doubtful if she was one of the heroines o

which the victors were to receive his other daughters as the prizes. It was said, however, that the crime of the Danaïdes

for we cannot discern in it a relation to the weeks of the year1923. It is to be observed that the founts of the Inachos

idiculed her temple, saying that their father's house was much finer. It was also said that they were the priestesses of t

taking the gold off her robe and converting it to their own use1933. It is remarkable that the characteristic trait of th

he Perseids. The mythe of Perseus is probably one of great antiquity. It is alluded to in the Ilias1949, and in the Theogo

simple in their origin, and gained, like streams, in their progress. It is probable that this of Perseus at first consist

in a mantle and leaning on a staff round which a serpent was twined. It was said that when he was about to raise Glaucos

h Apollo is merely mythologie, as they were never worshiped together. It is probably founded on the epithet Paan of this g

ween his name and that of Nyctimos strongly confirms this hypothesis. It may indeed be said that Zeus derived his appellat

then, it is said, took the unborn infant and gave it to Maia to rear. It is also said that Areas, having been separated fr

ace. Atalanta became his wife, and they had a son named Parthenopæos. It is added that they afterwards profaned the temeno

et a child, and, as we shall see, her frailty caused the war of Troy. It was fabled that after death Helena was united in

ng can be more apparent than the suitableness of Dewful to the night. It is rather curious that in the legend Helena is co

ave been a very early connexion, as its mythic heroes are all Æolids. It was probably colonised by the Minyans. Σαλμωνν

he sought permission to resign his place at the celestial table2058. It was probably the idea of the great wealth of Lydi

sthos2082. This is the most horrible legend in the Grecian mythology. It is evidently post-Homeric, for exclusive of the f

tate of things totally at variance with the atrocities above related. It was probably at the time when the Greeks had beco

crificed Callirrhoe, or some one who was willing to die in her stead. It was resolved to obey the oracle. Callirrhoe could

w not when this commenced2094 or how she became the sister of Cadmos. It probably originated in the name of her father ; a

ild the walls of Troy, they made him the associate of their toil2114. It is said, that Greece being afflicted with sterili

de, whom Hera cast into Erebos for contending with her in beauty2124. It is also said that Oriôn was earth-born2125. Hyria

in, that it was for presuming to challenge the goddess at the discus. It was also said, that when he came to Crete, he boa

at his boast they sent a huge scorpion, which stung him, and he died. It was said, finally, that Artemis loved Oriôn, and

ong before they were converted into a hunter and nymphs on the earth. It has been clearly shown that it was the union of a

e comes back the vine is hidden from his power within the ground2148. It is probable that many of the individual names of

heir departure, they set sail, but were driven back by adverse winds. It was in the night that they returned, and the Doli

y the poets and by the vanity of those whose patron-heroes they were. It may also have been that the commercial voyages of

dar) launched it on lake Tritonis and thus entered the Mediterranean. It being afterwards proved by Artemidorus and Eratos

to Argos, where Adrastos the son of Talaos son of Bias then reigned. It was night when the Theban exile arrived at the ho

is the narrative of the Trojan war as it appeared in the Epic Cycle. It was a subject above all others however subject to

taining the remainder, by Siebenkees in a manuscript Homer at Venice. It is by these fragments that critics have been able

s of the people of the far-off Alybe are named Odios and Epistrophos. It is thus that significant names are given to the C

as no vestige of such a custom was to be found in the historic times. It is not unlikely that this Asiatic usage was trans

Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, Vejovis, Summanus, Vulcanus, Saturnus, Mars. It is uncertain who was the ninth. As soon as an int

with which the religion and mythology of Greece were adopted at Rome. It cannot be determined which of the Roman gods are

ians may be comprised all the tribes of the Apennines east of Latium. It is therefore inclusive of the Sabines, Samnites,

quently, we may suppose, bore much resemblance to that of the Latins. It has always been asserted that a great portion of

the Etruscans for discerning it in the electric phænomena of the sky. It is a very remarkable feature in the ancient relig

lect Judges ; and we also meet with a Plebs among the divinities2270. It cannot perhaps be asserted that these divisions w

according to the Tuscan discipline, Minerva cast her lightnings2299. It was named Quinquatrus as being on the fifth day a

s Fruti2320, which last seems to be merely a corruption of Aphrodite. It may however be connected with fructus, and refer

ra Numinis Vindicta, 12. Catull. lxviii. 109. 12. Conon. Narrat. 15. It is not quite certain, however, that it is of thes

Serv. on Æn. vii. 691. See Paus. iv. 2, 2. 31. Hor. Serm. ii. 6. 49. It is in a somewhat different sense that the Œdipus

elings and ideas,» says Hermann, Ueber das Wesen, &c. p. 26. 44. It is remarkable enough that the German mystic mytho

l to do so whenever they can be discovered. 86. Ἰωνία, or Violarium. It forms the first volume of Villoison’s Anecdota Gr

loponnese and the islands, and apparently denotes continental Greece. It would seem therefore to come from ϵὐρύѕ, and to s

is passage. Payne Knight would be content with rejecting vv. 6 and 7. It is to be observed that it is not Homer's custom t

Jap. 283.) says the Titans were also shut up. 142. See v. 239. 143. It was shown in after times in the neighbourhood of

5. Cassandra, 1192. with the note of Tzetzes. 166. Argonaut, i. 503. It is remarkable that there is no scholion on the pl

ν ἠέλιοѕ occurs in Il. viii. 480. Od. i. 8 ; xii. 133. 263. 346. 374. It is very probable that ϓπϵρίων is the contraction

Nonnus (vii. 244.) she drives in a silver car with unbridled mules.» It is the chariot of Semele, not of Selene, that is

οσι κέρα ἀνέτϵλλϵ καρήνον Ἄντνγοѕ ἡμιτόμον κϵραῆѕ űτϵ κύκλα σϵλήνηѕ. It may be that a similar view was also the origin of

11, Οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ Κρόνου ἧσαν ὁτ᾿ οὐρανῷ ἐμβασίλϵυϵν, as not Hesiodic. It is certainly utterly at variance with the Theogon

st mos traditus illinc Iste, ut cum dominis famuli epulentur ibidem. It seems hardly credible that so remarkable a festiv

swans. 367. Il. xiv. 300. 368. Il. viii. 41. seq. ; xiii. 23. seq. It is worthy of notice that while the chariots of me

393. Theog. 886. seq. 394. Il. v. 370, 371. 395. Theog. 938 396. It is curious to mark the apparent progress of this

mp. ix. 6. 449. Plut. l. c. 450. Paus. ii. 33, 2. Strabo, viii. 6. It was Helios, not Apollo, that was the possessor of

lod. p. 780.) is of opinion that it was first given in the Mysteries. It is employed occasionally by the Attic dramatists

later times, when Hades came to signify a place rather than a person. It was very rarely used by the Latin writers. 462.

767. 468. Od. x. 508. seq. ; xi. l. seq., 635. seq. ; xii. 81. 469. It is well known that Hades became afterwards synony

ssly distinguished in Il. viii. 368. (as person and place certainly). It is plain that neither of these writers had correc

riphlegethôn, and Cocytos. Od. x. 513, 514. 479. Virg. Æn. ut supra. It is not known how or when the doctrine of the Mete

e line of the Ilias (ix. 457.) where this epithet occurs as spurious. It is contrary to the analogy of the whole poem. We

ρυσοχαίτης : 7. ἀκϵρσϵκόμης : 8. λαοσσόος. 663. Müller, Dor. i. 328. It is usually derived from the crooked ambiguous nat

688. Telesilla ap. Ursinus. Pind. ut sup. 689. Paus. ut sup. 690. It is uncertain when this change took place ; it is

ethusa. Welcker (Schwenk. 263.) regards this name as being ἂρι-θοῶσα. It may be only a corruption of Alpheiusa. 691. Paus

lod. iii. 14.) said that Adonis was the son of Phœnix and Alphesibœa. It is uncertain whether he made the latter daughter

eir respective Metamorphoses, and Apollonius Rhodius in his Epigrams. It is uncertain which of these authorities Ovid foll

nder ap. Anton. Lib. 17. Ovid, Met. viii. 738. seq. Tzetz. Lyc. 1393. It is related somewhat differently by Callimachus, H

to πȗρ, and to the Pers in Perse, Perseus. See below, Perseus. 913. It is commonly rendered Death-bearer, from ϕέρω ϕόνο

Hesiod. Pindar (Pyth. iv. 313. seq.) reckons him among the Argonauts. It were idle to notice the fancies of Creuzer and ot

virtue.” 1037. γενέθλιον.δόσιν We know not how else to express it. It was the gift bestowed on the child the day it was

ch makes against Voss’’ theory, of none of Homer’s gods being winged. It is remarkable that P. Knight, who seems to have k

. 672.). 1095. Sch. Aristoph. Birds, 873. Lys. 388. Wasps, 9. 1096. It was thus that there was a great resemblance obser

δϵς : 5. λιμνιάδϵς : 6. ἁμαδρυάδϵς : 7. δρυάδϵς : 8. μηλιάδϵς. 1228. It is plain that δρῠς and the Germanic tree are the

fy the rocks and cliffs. Keto (кϵȋμαι), he says, is the sunken rocks. It rather seems akin to к[ATTcaractere °τος. 1255.

. 1296. Il. viii. 348. 1297. Il. v. 741. 1298. Od. xi. 633. 1299. It may be doubted if Homer was acquainted with the s

e Abst. iii. p. 251. 1354. i. e. Il’indman, son of Horseman. 1355. It seems strange that Völcker should have left this

son for thinking that this legend should be assigned to that poetess. It is remarkable that there is no mention of Pandora

nd of large pitcher or jar with a wide mouth and a close-fitting lid. It was usually earthen, and was mostly employed for

y Pindar, Ol. ix. 64. seq. 1495. See Aristot. Meteor. i. 14. 1496. It may however have owed its origin to the resemblan

. 1554. Parmeniscus ap. Sch. Eurip. Medeia, 9. 275. Paus. ii. 3, 7. It was said that the Corinthians by a bribe of five

nd. Fr. Incert. 148. Apoll. Rh. i. 59. seq. Orph. Argonaut. 168. seq. It was probably from this circumstance that the fath

1629. Od. v. 333. 1630. Theog. 937. 975. 1631. Ol. ii. 142. 1632. It is mentioned, as we have seen, by Pherecydes and

ollod. iii. 5. 2. Ovid, Met. iii. 511. seq. 1668. Il. xxiv. 602-17. It is here said that Niobe had six sons and six daug

edes the Arcadian architect (Charax ap. Sch. Aristoph. Clouds, 509.). It also formed an episode of the Telegonia. The read

y places Erytheia beyond the Ocean, that is toward its further coast. It was probably the temple of the Phœnician Melcart

s ap. Sch. Ap. Rh. iv. 1396. Heyne and Müller, for Πέργη read περαία. It would almost seem as if the rock of Prometheus wa

seem as if the rock of Prometheus was on the opposite coast of Ocean. It is however more consistent with analogy to concei

ame is probably derived from ἀμαλὸς, tender, or from ἀμέλγω, to milk. It was a pleasing fiction to make her horn pour fort

ἀμασσϵ καὶ ἀργαλέος χόλος Ἣρης. — Il. xviii. 119. 1787. Od. xi. 602. It is not unworthy of notice, that in the Ilias (i.

oubted of by Böttiger. See Völcker, Myth. der Jap. 118. note. 1880. It is a disputed point whether these characters were

82, it is said, Τῳ μὲν ἐπώνυμον ἦν ὅτ᾿ ἄῤ Ὠкϵανοȗ πϵρὶ πηγὰς Γϵνθ᾿. It may also be derived from ΠΗΓΩ, πηγνȗμι, to constr

-Apis), was easily changed into Epaphos, which signified the Touched. It is well known how fond people are of turning fore

μία τῶν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ, προσθϵίη τὴν αὐτῶν ϕήμην кαινῆ γϵνομένῃ τῆ πόλϵι. It is, we may see, not supposed that it would be nam

had been founded by Danae. (Virg. Æn. vii. 372. 410. Serv. in locis.) It was probably caused by the resemblance between Da

Ovid, Met. ii. 401. seq. Fasti, ii. 155. seq. Hyginus, 177. P. A. i. It was also fabled that, at the request of Hera, Tet

as the Goths were the Good, i. e. Brave, the Franks the Free, &c. It must not be concealed that there is no traditiov

in of the legend. 2091. Theophrast. H. Pl. i. 13. Pliny, H. N. i. 1. It was asserted that this tree never shed its leaves

f this process. Homer does not name him among the children of Europa. It is not unlikely that it was the resemblance of so

seq. 2105. Theog. 947. 2106. Il. xviii. 591. Payne Knight in loco. It perplexed the ancient critics. See the Seholia.

ove, p. 423. 2108. Apollod. iii. 3.1.2. Hygin. 136. Tzetz. Lyc. 811. It is evidently a late fiction. 2109. Menoo is the

eq.), who says that the isle was thus replenished after a pestilence. It is indebted for its origin to the resemblance in

behind at Aphetæ, where he went for water (Sch. Apoll. Rh. i. 1290.). It was an ancient custom of the Bithynians, we may o

own Phrixos the way to Scythia (Hesiod ap. Sch. on ver. 181.). 2158. It is plain that the Harpies in this legend, as in t

i. 9, 24. Ovid, Trist. iii. 9. 2163. Anaphe was one of the Sporades. It and the Melantian Necks were near Thera. 2164. P

2203. Apollod. iii. 12. 5. This history of Paris is unknown to Homer. It is the le gend of Œdipûs, of Telephos, of Cyrus,

the Artemis- Orthia of Sparta, at whose altar the boys were scourged. It was probably this rite that caused Iphigeneia to

Apollod. iii. 12. 6. Quint. Smyr. x. 259. seq. Conôn, 22. Parthen. 4. It must have been in the Epic Cycle. 2221. Here end

gle mythes, such as those of Ixiôn and Tantalos, certainly were such. It is possible that the Isles of the Blest, exclusiv

Festus, s. v. Servius (Æn. ix. 570.) says this was his name in Oscan. It had gone so completely out of use that Virgil (ut

sea. 2284. Liv. v. 21. 22. Plut. Camill. 6. 2285. Serv. Æn. iv. 16. It does not appear that Pronuba was a title of Juno.

ant. i. 20. 2320. Festus v. Frutinal. 2321. Varro, L. L. iv. p. 43. It was afterwards corrupted to Murcia (Plin. ut supr

gan corruption, and presenting dangerous images to the youthful mind. It was this difficulty which first led to the prepar

ady before the public leave nothing to be desired in this particular. It is a practical work, prepared by an experienced t

eacher, and already submitted to the decisive test of the schoolroom. It is not designed for young persons who are already

fully understood or appreciated without some knowledge of Mythology. It was mingled with every theme of the classic poet,

statues of this god were sometimes decorated with much magnificence. It is related that Dionysius, the tyrant of Syracuse

ransgressions of men, particularly the perversion of law and justice. It seems certain that the ancients regarded Jupiter

er, the enemy of tyrants, and the protector of the poor and innocent. It is hard to reconcile this character with the fabl

m her. Ques. On what was the story of Europa probably founded? Ans. It is probable that some sea captain, or pirate, was

roses. Ques. What was there remarkable in the Cestus of Venus? Ans. It had the property of conferring grace, beauty, and

rs. Ques. Where is this statue, and for what is it remarkable? Ans. It is one of two colossal figures which are directly

rtherly of the two, and was formerly celebrated for its vocal powers. It is commonly asserted by ancient writers that when

ollow brass. Ques. Was there any foundation for such a belief? Ans. It appeared quite certain that the sounds of which w

sit, schools gave holidays, and friends sent presents to one another. It was unlawful to proclaim war or execute criminals

always open in time of war, and closed when the Romans were at peace. It is a remarkable circumstance that the gates of Ja

ree, create tempests. Ques. What was the origin of this fable? Ans. It is believed that Æolus was a skillful astronomer

Saturn and Ops, and was worshipped as the goddess of fruits and corn. It is supposed that she first invented and taught th

ns. She was the daughter of Night, and the goddess of just vengeance. It was her office to follow and punish guilty men. S

daries. His statue was only a square stone, or a painted log of wood. It is probable that the Romans did not suppose Termi

to date from this epoch. Terminus had a temple on the Tarpeian rock. It is said that when Tarquin the Proud wished to bui

erings and images, together with a large quantity of silver and gold. It was afterwards plundered by the Goths in the reig

. The ancients placed Scylla and Charybdis in the straits of Messina. It was considered a great feat to steer successfully

is hand instead of a sceptre. Ques. What does the key signify? Ans. It seems to imply, that when once the dead are recei

. What was the Chimæra? Ans. A fabulous monster, which vomited fire. It had the head and breast of a lion, the body of a

uite imaginary is called a Chimæra. Ques. What was the Sphinx? Ans. It was a monster with the head and shoulders of a wo

ous bird of which there never existed more than one at the same time. It excelled all other birds in beauty of plumage, an

on the goddess Astræa. Hope had a temple at Rome in the herb market. It was destroyed by lightning. Misericordia, or Merc

coins. Ques. Were not the Vices also honored by the ancients? Ans. It is certain that both the Greeks and Romans erecte

which lasted an entire year, a famous stag which was sacred to Diana. It had golden horns and brazen feet. Fifth. He kill

of Crete, kept in the Labyrinth. Ques. What was the Labyrinth? Ans. It was a building with fifteen hundred rooms above g

that Jupiter permitted him to share his immortality with his brother. It was arranged, therefore, that they should live ev

s commemorated by a statue of brass which was consecrated at Tænarus. It represented a man mounted on a dolphin. Amphio

. This adventure has been already related, in the article on Minerva. It was followed by the rescue of Andromeda [Androm′e

ha were changed into women. Ques. How is this fable explained? Ans. It is supposed that Deucalion and Pyrrha were remark

n vain Jason threw his spear, praying that Diana might guide his arm. It glanced aside, and the weapon of Telamon proved e

the last and greatest of his works, is an epic poem in twelve books. It is a history of the wanderings of Æneas, and the

e begged in vain to be allowed to accompany her husband in his exile. It is not known by what crime the unfortunate poet m

by the emperor; but these verses had been written many years before. It is evident, therefore, that he must have offended

, he decreed that no one should attach any credit to her predictions. It was so in the present instance. Clytemnestra, the

of the day appointed for the contest, that Ulysses landed in Ithaca. It was necessary to conceal his return; for this pur

e for the punishment of the suitors, and the deliverance of Penelope. It was resolved that Telemachus should proceed to th

head in sudden recognition, fawned upon his old master, and expired. It was Argus, whom Ulysses had often led to the chas

to Argos, a certain statue of Diana, from the temple of that goddess. It was the custom at Tauris, to sacrifice all strang

e throne to his sons Eteocles [Ete′ocles] and Polynices [Polyni′ces]. It was agreed between the brothers that they should

count it blessedness to die? If then I meet the doom thy laws assign, It nothing grieves me. Had I left my brother, From m

ylline Verses are said by some to have perished in the conflagration. It is believed, however, on good authority, that the

me of his coming, and the submission of Rome to the new dispensation. It has been thought that these passages were invente

nsidered unlucky to give battle, or undertake anything of importance. It happened once that a Roman commander, (Claudius P

ey would not eat, they might drink, and had them thrown into the sea. It is believed that the terrible defeat the Romans s

in the same manner; some saw, others heard what they desired to know. It has been frequently asserted that those who enter

sm, or mesmerism. Ques. Where was the temple of Jupiter Ammon? Ans. It was situated in an oasis of the Libyan desert, ca

desert, called by the ancients Ammon, and by the modern Arabs, Siwah. It is about five degrees west of Cairo. The temple i

is about six miles in length, with an average breadth of four miles. It is fertile and produces in abundance, rice, wheat

What was particularly remarkable in the oracles of Æsculapius? Ans. It would seem that the priests, who had probably som

fell gradually into disrepute, and were at length entirely abandoned. It has been asserted that the oracles became silent

ir Hellenic descent before they were allowed to enter as competitors. It is almost impossible for us to realize the import

st certain means of establishing a great reputation in a little time. It was thus that Herodotus read his history to assem

ime. It was thus that Herodotus read his history to assembled Greece. It was received with enthusiastic applause, and the

re itself. Ques. Describe the general plan of a Greek theatre? Ans. It was quite open above, and the dramas were always

structure of the kind of which a complete description has reached us. It may serve to give a general idea of these edifice

rts were always performed by men, wearing appropriate wigs and masks. It has been supposed that the use of masks must have

a speaking trumpet would have done. Ques. What was the Chorus? Ans. It was a choir of singers, varying in number from fi

we are to judge by the descriptions given of the scenic arrangements. It is even said that when groves were required, livi

ue, now lost, was forty feet in height, on a pedestal of twelve feet. It was considered the finest work of art of the grea

cumstance is sufficient to account for the destruction of the statue. It was executed for the temple of Jupiter at Olympia

in itself to confer immortal glory on the administration of Pericles. It existed in its full beauty for more than a centur

t existed in its full beauty for more than a century after his death. It was first despoiled by Lachares, who stripped the

achares, who stripped the statue of Minerva of its golden adornments. It is said he obtained in this manner an amount of p

ssigned to this god, whose food was always served in vessels of gold. It may be doubted whether the poor animal was capabl

to the sacred animal; if he ate, it was considered a favorable omen. It was also a good augury if he entered, of his own

ws to the sea. The Assyrian women mourned for him in the autumn-time. It was believed that at this season the river change

lexander the Great. Ques. What is the form of the Zend-avesta? Ans. It is in the form of a dialogue, in which Ormuzd, th

aspian Sea, there is a perpetual flame issuing from a limestone rock. It is watched by priests, and is much venerated by t

Saviour, that it is impossible the coincidence should be accidental. It is supposed this book was written after our era b

sects. Brahma, having finished his work, has but one temple in India. It is doubtful whether the worshippers of Juggernaut

e age of eighty. Ques. Was Buddhism tolerated by the Brahmins? Ans. It appears that for several centuries it was, and th

t originate any religious creed: he was simply a teacher of morality. It is thought, from many passages in his writings, t

piety and other social and domestic virtues are strongly inculcated. It would be well for the Chinese of the present day,

orality, though often defective, contains much that is to be admired. It is a proof, if any were needed, that human motive

Ques. What is the general character of Scandinavian mythology? Ans. It has none of the grace and poetic beauty which cha

historians as well as minstrels. Ques. Who composed the Eddas? Ans. It is impossible to say. The oldest, or poetic Edda,

sing the bridge Bifrost, (the rainbow). Ques. Describe Asgard. Ans. It contained gold and silver palaces, the dwellings

lly, the mountain spirits fashioned a chain which he could not break. It was fabricated of the roots of stones, the noise

he bough among the sticks which they were casting in sport at Baldur. It was thrown with the rest, and Baldur fell to the

will wail With dry tears Baldur’s bale-fire. Let Hela keep her own.” It was strongly suspected that this hag was no other

lly epitaphs on tombstones. Ragnarok, the Twilight of the Gods. It was a firm belief of the northern nations, that a

ompound Celtic word “derouyd,” from “De,” God, and “rouyd,” speaking. It would, therefore, seem to signify those who speak

e, circular in form, and a magnificent forest is consecrated to him.” It is generally supposed that the temple alluded to

en letters, and resembled the characters used by the ancient Pelasgi. It is probable, therefore, that they received it fro

enzy which recalled to the Greeks the orgies of their own Bacchantes. It is said that no year passed without a victim. The

Druids in the presence of the king and chieftains assembled at Tara. It was Easter Eve, and the Saint, who must have been

d Samhain,) and was observed both in Gaul and in the British islands. It would seem that the spirits of the departed were

ival. Ques. At what period may we fix the decline of Druidism? Ans. It was suppressed in Gaul by the Roman conquerors, w

, but found a temporary refuge in the German forests and in Armorica. It was suppressed in Britain during the reign of Ner

n on the riches buried in ancient times beneath the enchanted circle. It is the treasure-seeker’s golden opportunity, but

rit of unexampled ferocity. Ques. How has this been explained? Ans. It is supposed that the religion of the Aztecs was d

fluence in preparing the way for the future success of the Spaniards. It is evident that Quetzalcoatl was the name given b

e beneficent ruler who instructed them in the arts of civilized life. It is singular that he should have been described wi

the pyramid of Cholula is the largest, and perhaps the most perfect. It measures 176 feet in perpendicular height, and is

in perpendicular height, and is 1425 feet square; it covers 45 acres. It is very ancient, having been built before the Azt

is calculated at twenty thousand, which is the lowest estimate given. It was customary to preserve the skulls of the victi

ds on a festival day without placing before them this loathsome food. It is worthy of remark that Montezuma surpassed all

ing been erected before the country came under the sway of the Incas. It seems probable, therefore, that the worship of th

Children of the Sun. Ques. What was the origin of this legend? Ans. It was evidently a fiction, invented at a later peri

ho saw it in its glory, as being literally a mine of precious metals. It was called by the natives Coricancha, or “Place o

e. The image was richly ornamented with emeralds and precious stones. It fronted the eastern portal of the temple in such

his “Apology for the Christians,” addressed to the Emperor Antoninus. It is written in a style at once eloquent and persua

iny the Elder; is equally celebrated as a historian and a naturalist. It is not easy to understand how one man could have

lete work of this author, his Natural History, in thirty-seven books. It treats, not only of natural history, properly so

consul and augur, Pliny was appointed by Trajan governor of Bithynia. It was from this country that he wrote his celebrate

untry that he wrote his celebrated letter in favor of the Christians. It is interesting and important, as showing the prog

hey have none of the ease and familiarity of friendly correspondence. It seems probable that they were intended rather for

lready advanced in life when he compiled his great work on geography. It is divided into seventeen books, and contains muc

particular Jupiter. Varron mentions more than three hundred Jupiters. It was so with the other gods and the demi-gods; upw

to consult that book, because they could change none of its decrees. It was only by reading it, that they could foresee f

st ready to devour a child. — See Fig. 3. Fig. 3. Saturn. Obs. 1. It is probable that, as the father of agriculture, S

ear, and had twelve altars, because it was composed of twelve months. It was he who gave his name to January. He is usuall

e commanded two different people, and divided his empire with Saturn. It also records that that prince had medals with two

and that she left that country for Latium, where she married Saturn. It was she who first fortified the walls of cities w

e kindled by the rays of the sun, was perpetually kept in her temple. It was annually drawn from sunbeams during the calen

here the sun was deemed the most glorious image of the Supreme Being. It was the Persians’ abhorrence of every other idol

past events; and Pandora, from one signifying every gift. Obs. 2. —  It is believed that Prometheus was the first invento

was dissatisfied, and Ascalphus became the subject of her vengeance. It appears, however, that his prudence and wisdom en

d produces the stalk and ear, exposing itself to the face of the sun. It is not our intention to present an unnecessary mu

ich makes the sign of Virgo. 7. September, sign of Libra (a balance.) It represents Justice, the balance of which always o

nts Justice, the balance of which always ought to be perfectly equal. It also signifies that in this month, days and night

days and nights are equal. 8. October, sign of Scorpio (a scorpion.) It represents Orion whom Diana changed into that ani

the signs of the zodiac. 10. December, sign of Capricornus (a goat.) It represents the goat Amalthea, or the princess Mel

aybreak in fair weather, affords a most beautiful prospect of nature. It is associated in the mind with ideas of the young

t Ephesus was justly accounted one of the seven wonders of the world. It was 227 years in building, and was supported by 1

rted by 127 superb columns, sixty feet high, each the gift of a king; It was burnt on the sixth of June (the birth-day of

acy, and also the Hecatompedon, from being one hundred feet in width. It was burnt by the Persians, but rebuilt by Pericle

was burnt by the Persians, but rebuilt by Pericles, who enlarged it. It was constructed of the finest white marble, and w

ver by Minerva. The Areopagus was appointed to judge this difference. It decreed that agriculture and rural life should be

ht against the giants. She had several temples in Greece and at Rome. It was in her temple that the Romans placed the stat

hty Mars, for war renown’d, In adamantine armour frown’d.” Addison. It is said that Hallirhotius, the son of Neptune, ha

ets, it being wholly unknown to the Greeks and other ancient nations. It was suggested by the jealousy which Juno experien

empire of beauty extends to those who have not the gift of pleasing. It represents unequal unions in which the unequal gi

hey fell, and rich tributes were paid to the inventors of this cheat. It was Phocas, who first leaped from the rock. Repea

ds and crossways, the inventor of letters, weights, measures, &c. It was he who released the souls of men from their b

he mortal frame; but when applied to the dead, they returned to life. It also had the power of settling controversies: two

st up by the sea near the wood sacred to Diana, in the Phœban swamps. It was buried in the porch of the temple; and from t

of woods and orchards. A grove near Mount Soracte was sacred to her. It was once said to be on fire; but no sooner had he

had her image been removed thence, than the grove became green again. It was customary to offer a yearly sacrifice to this

was the best thing that could befall man,” he deliberately replied, “ It is best for all never to be born, but being born,

ice of virtue; and the latter excites them to the commission of vice. It is reported that, when Cassius fled to Athens aft

ns are fine countries situated in the environs of the Lake Acherusia. It is there that the obsequies are terminated, and t

an eternal prison, with three impenetrable walls, and an iron tower. It had gates of adamant, which no power could demoli

n iron tower. It had gates of adamant, which no power could demolish. It had five rivers at its entrance. Acheron, whose w

o Pluto’s palace, was a field, prepared for the residence of infants. It was called the Field of Lamentations, where neith

quenched the thirst of the Titans, during their fight with the gods. It runs through Thesprotia, takes its rise in the ma

in Epirus, or rather, Thessaly, and fell into the marsh of Acherusia. It was not strictly a river, but a muddy marsh. The

from a rock, and forms a subterraneous brook. Its waters were mortal. It flowed through Epirus, and was considered as belo

father Danaus: and named also Belides, from their grandfather Belus. It is reported that Ægyptus, brother of Danaus, wish

Sphinx? Give the history of Œdipus. Part V. Peculiar Deities. It would be impossible to name and designate all the

e by her or by Jupiter Fidius, was deemed the most inviolable of all. It is generally thought that Numa Pompilius raised h

goddess were attributed wars, quarrels, and dissensions in families. It was she who cast amid the banquet prepared for th

ster always outruns them. — See Fig. 63. Fig. 63. Discord. Obs. —  It would be tedious, as well as useless, to name all

ere respected, often even adored, by those whom chance led near them. It will always be easy to supply the numerous list w

ities in their works, and of pourtraying their influence and effects. It is, therefore, an easy matter to become familiar

ed Asclepios, seems to have been derived from the oriental languages. It is certain that Æsculapius was known in Phœnicia

ame time, the symbol of prudence, a quality necessary to a physician. It was supposed to be the most long lived of animals

ood, and respected it; but the Greeks were the first to worship them. It is also from the Greek language that the word her

acrifices to the gods; they next invoked the heroes of their country. It was generally believed that the latter concurred

re marked times for carrying presents, and making libations, to them. It is very difficult to fix precisely the time in wh

mmanded to destroy a vast hydra, which infested the marshes of Lerna. It had seven heads, some say fifty, others a hundred

n Iolas was troubled with decrepit age, he restored him to his youth. It was his third labour to bring alive to Eurystheus

s the pilot; and Lynceus, whose eyes were piercing, discovered rocks. It was styled the Argonautic expedition, and was cel

rone, and with his son Ascanius, laid the foundation of a new empire. It is from Æneas that the Romans pretended to have b

part of his body invulnerable, except the heel by which she held him. It is said that his mother concealed him in the nigh

y Lagus. His image was then erected in a temple, called the Serapeum. It is reported to have exceeded in magnificence, all

religion was purer and more rational than that of some other nations. It inculcated a belief in one Supreme God, respect f

roaster, who travelled into India in search of braminical knowledge.) It divides into six intervals the period of the work

iquity, and is a strange mixture of sublime truths and wild fictions. It resembles the mythology of the ancient Egyptians,

bles the mythology of the ancient Egyptians, Persians, and Scythians. It divides the world into ten parts, each of which i

” But another temple of the sun at Juggernaut is the most celebrated. It is described as a magnificent, vast, and circular

metimes given to Rama, Chrishna, and Budha, another benificent deity. It was their business to abolish human sacrifices, a

hese orders, and made a ship which was two stadia wide and five long. It was no sooner finished, than the earth was overfl

he father of mankind was called Protogone, and the first woman, Aeon. It was she who found that the fruits of trees were g

Genus engendered other men, whose names were Light, Fire, and Flame. It was they who discovered fire by rubbing one piece

as to rebuild this sanctuary, it was done with great labour and cost. It filled a space sufficient for 500 houses, and was

cient for 500 houses, and was surrounded by a wall of stone and lime. It had four gates, fronting east, west, north, and s

e admired in her. He took the perfidious course of embellishing them. It was by devoting themselves unreflectingly and unr

occurred to threaten their faith, or to disturb the public religion. It is, however, by taking the word of God for our gu

re built. Idolatry began in Phœnicia and Egypt soon after the deluge. It is in those countries that we must inquire into t

osed places, chapels, and temples, were not erected until long after. It appears that the Egyptians themselves had none be

the time of Moses. This is indicated by his silence concerning them. It is very reasonable to believe that the tabernacle

arose one hundred and twenty feet above the highest of the pyramids. It was built of brick, as Scripture informs us; and

ed it. Among the statues of gold, there was one forty feet in height. It was probably that which Nebuchadnezzar had consec

years. All the kings and people of Asia eagerly enriched this temple. It was burnt by Erostratus. Chapter IV. Temple of

This temple had for its architect, Libon, originally of the country. It was of Doric order, with the exterior surrounded

e arch. They could not be viewed without astonishment and admiration. It would be impossible to describe all the riches an

e was destroyed by an earthquake, it being swallowed up in a crevice. It was replaced by another edifice, whose architects

of Pausanias, and was infinitely superior to those that preceded it. It was constructed under the direction of the Amphic

ions which led to the construction of the temple of Jupiter Olympius. It would seem that that edifice was intended to give

d the most substantial was the Pantheon, vulgarly called the Rotunda. It still exists in its entire state, under the name

ted, as, in the time of Paganism, is was consecrated to all the gods. It is generally supposed to have been built by the d

to the interior of the structure. The form of the Pantheon is round. It would appear that the architect designed to give

shall raise upon four pillars a temple, which may well astonish you.” It was at that time he conceived the plan of the fam

me he conceived the plan of the famous cupola of St. Peter’s at Rome. It is asserted that this extraordinary man — this gr

He therefore drove into these pillars narrow and useless stair cases. It is to this rash attempt that the large chinks whi

large chinks which are now in the great vault, are to be attributed. It has been found necessary to bind them with immens

beyond dispute, the most ancient and extraordinary of all monuments. It existed before the temple of the Egyptian Vulcan.

thers were shaken, and sent forth a sound which lasted for some time. It was on this noise that future events were given o

of Apollo. The priests or prophets were charged with all other cares. It was they who placed the priestess in such a manne

cave, and is immediately carried away with great force and swiftness. It was there that futurity was declared; but not to

ius, says Pausanias, prescribed himself the worship which he desired. It appears, therefore, that Saon was the institutor

In Bœotia, a very small province, they counted at least twenty-five. It is true, that it was covered with woods and mount

s. Her name was Demophile, or Herophile, and sometimes even Amalthæa. It was she who sold the collection of the Sibylline

who sold the collection of the Sibylline verses to Tarquin the elder. It consisted of nine books. Herophile asked for them

n them as had been placed in their predecessors, they never received. It was in order to watch over this second collection

ains to be mentioned a third collection, which contained eight books. It included several of the ancient Jewish prediction

city of Tibur or Tivoli upon the Teveron, honoured her as a divinity. It is generally thought that the Sibyls held a kind

spot on which Jupiter is said, by the poets, to have held his court. It was, accordingly, blessed with certain privileges

he Greeks and Romans, who were imperfectly acquainted with antiquity. It is the Olympiads, how ever, which have spread the

st priest or the chief of the worship which was paid to the god Odin. It is known that several nations gave their pontiffs

ltimately came to signify the supreme god of the Scythians and Celts. It is also known that the heroes of all these nation

to yield to the various proofs which have been adduced in its favour. It is, doubtless, more rational to see in Odin only

he founder of a new worship, previously unknown to the Scandinavians. It is also probable that he, his father, or the auth

to make him pass for a god, was the belief that he excelled in magic. It was believed that he could run over the universe

religion of the Scythians appears to have been simple in early times. It inculcated but few tenets, and was, in all probab

s, in all probability, the only religion of the European aboriginals. It is generally remarked, that, under southerly clim

orship by a mixture of ceremonies, some ridiculous, and others cruel. It becomes proper, therefore, to distinguish two age

d the terrible being, the searcher into hidden things, the immutable. It attributed to this god, omnipotence, omniscience,

people of Northern Europe, and, no doubt, by several Asiatic nations. It still preserved great purity towards the end of t

nd him a certain number of souls; which souls were the right of Odin. It was thought, that he often came into battle to in

re heaven and earth were made, this god was already with the giants. It is likely that the ambitious Odin thus confounded

North, still remain. The fourth day of the week still bears his name. It is called, according to different dialects, Odens

d the principle of all fecundity, and the mother of. all that exists. It was to her that they applied for marriage and hap

g (Friday,) and called by the Latins Dies Veneris (the day of Venus.) It is named Vendredi by the French. The third among

essed a girdle which renewed strength in proportion as one needed it. It was with these dreadful arms that he fought the e

sas. They appear with a helmet and mail, and mounted on swift horses. It is their duty to wait upon heroes. Odin also empl

covered the surface of the world, and its top reached to the heavens. It was supported by three large roots, one of which

or, rather, the ideas which the poets gave of them to the credulous. It was by fictions, sometimes ingenious, that they e

t, we will notice those in the Edda, and in the poem, called Volupsa. It is thought that the latter was composed by Sæmond

aluable is the poem entitled Volupsa, i. e. Oracle of the Prophetess. It contains about four hundred verses, and includes

those vapours, and formed living drops, whence sprang the giant Ymer. It is related that, while he was sleeping, he formed

arose a better race, that was connected with that of the giant Ymer. It was called the family of Bor, from the name of th

with speech, hearing, and sight, to which he added beauty and dress. It is from this man, named Askus, (Ash,) and from th

and, marked out all the events of his life and the limit of his days. It is to that tenet of the Celtic mythology that the

ed towards the north. In it poison will rain through a thousand gaps. It will be composed of the carcasses of serpents. To

thor of that country, was a particular chapel, or sacred woody place. It was there that idols were placed upon an altar, a

the goddess Frigga. Pleasures, fecundity, and victory, were invoked. It was placed in the crescent of the second moon of

ost celebrated, on account of its replies, as well as its sacrifices. It was generally thought, that some diviners had fam

ve them, and which they could consult, under the form of small idols. It was also believed, that others conjured the manes

e the arts and sciences irradiated spread over the rest of the world. It would be difficult, perhaps even impossible, to a

erved any record which might indicate the period of their separation. It is well enough to extend our observations to thos

first peopled, it is probable that Gaul was inhabited before it was. It is natural to suppose that men ventured through t

s and the Gauls, leaves no doubt of their having had a common origin. It appears that the Gallic colony at first settled i

aven, and by their manner of living, which was as austere as retired. It was by the influence of those supreme pontiffs, t

smitted, until the eighth century, poetical traditions by this means. It is not, then, to be wondered at, that the inhabit

transmitted from generation to generation, the poems of their bards. It is to that usage, continued among the remote inha

of redressing grievances, caused the spirit of chivalry to spring up. It produced prodigies of heroism, and great actions

ances of the Round Table, of the St. Greal, of the Amadis, and so on! It is worthy of remark, that it was in Great Britain

romancers, the heroes of the early romances of chivalry, first arose. It may also be observed, that al the historians, aft

. Religious tenets of the primitive inhabitants of Great Britain. It appears evident that the early Britons raised no

appears evident that the early Britons raised no temples to divinity. It is even found in the poesies of Ossian that this

hom they instructed, considered all nature as the temple of divinity. It cannot be doubted that they had ideas of the exis

ough in a higher degree, were conferred the same honours as on earth. It was thought that departed souls commanded the win

inions which rendered their ministry so consolatory and so necessary. It was not thought that death could break the bonds

the souls of departed bards sung for three nights about his phantom. It was generally thought that, as soon as a warrior

n! They were enough to feast and fill up the most poetic imagination. It is to that cause that we must, no doubt, attribut

he smallness of the number of deities which were honoured in England. It appears very evident, that Esus, Dis, Pluto, Samo

ds a human origin, and did not separate them into gods and goddesses. It was the same with the Druids. Both governed the s

Gauls had spaces consecrated to worship and to religious ceremonies. It was there that they buried treasures taken from t

e country of Chartres, whose chief was the sovereign pontiff of Gaul. It was in the forests of that country that the great

they lived, allowed them all the time necessary to inform themselves. It cannot be doubted that the Druids and the Gauls g

e interred without ceremony, without eulogy, without songs of honour. It was thought that when warriors lost their lives,

es; and if one rubbed himself with it, he could obtain all he wished. It had power to conciliate hearts alienated by enmit

t touched, instantly felt peace and gaiety spring up in their breast. It is also necessary to range among the number of th

ay of the moon. This month and the number six were sacred among them. It was always on the sixth of the moon that they mad

have come down to us by tradition, since the Druids never wrote them. It is even probable that they were composed after th

nd in the country of Chartrain until the middle of the fifth century. It appears that their order became extinct, not unti

ristics of the system of ancient mythology with remarkable ability. “ It is asserted that vices, diseases, and evil demons

case, all things must have been, like himself, ineffable and unknown. It is necessary, therefore, that there should be cer

ibuted to Ceres; aether to Pallas; and heaven is common to them all. “ It is likewise necessary to observe, that, according

n taken not to burden the pupils. The book is distinctively a reader. It demands no committing to memory, and there is ver

Far away across the sea from us lies the pleasant land of Greece. It is a beautiful country, full of wooded hills and

he sun never shines, the Greeks thought that there was another world. It , too, had its gods and its spirits. Dreams lived

t, the Greeks seemed to hear the Earth and the Waters laugh with joy. It was a god of the sky who brought the rain in grea

rain in great bags, called clouds, to pour it upon the thirsty Earth. It was these gods, too, who helped men to do whateve

er and happy. The king and father of the gods of the sky was Jupiter. It was he who gave fair weather and foul. It was he

ods of the sky was Jupiter. It was he who gave fair weather and foul. It was he who came in the thundercloud and hurled th

o the birds, and gathering flowers with her friends the water-nymphs. It happened that upon a certain day there was strife

ld make out something like a cloudy sky arched over the whole region. It was the earth, through which they had come; for t

d her. “I hope you will like it here,” said Pluto, as they drove on. “ It is very pleasant, and you shall have all the gold

it. Look!” Proserpina looked, and saw upon the torpid stream a boat. It was laden down with the souls of men. In the ster

d in his hand the great oar with which he was rowing the boat across. It was a sad sight, and Proserpina was relieved when

hey heard a barking that seemed to echo through the whole underworld. It was such a noise that Proserpina thought it must

and fresh air and the blue sky. At last, they reached Pluto’s palace. It was rich beyond anything ever seen on earth. Ther

nwhile, Ceres came back to the valley of Enna with its sunny meadows. It was a lonely place that day when she returned. Th

d in it, could go down when she pleased and look into the underworld. It was a chilly day. There was a rim of ice about th

oddess of truth and wisdom, clear-eyed and quiet and terribly strong. It was to these three that Ceres looked; and as she

was sitting alone in her grief, she heard a sound that startled her. It was a little bird in the tree above her, singing

er lips, and her eyes were as bright and blue as the skies in spring. It was Proserpina, coming to meet her mother. And Ce

A voice in Hades soundeth clear,    The shadows mourn and flit below; It cries — “Thou Lord of Hades, hear,    And let Dem

of the joy of Olympus.” Jupiter thought long, but at last he spoke. “ It is an unwise wish, O Epimetheus! And yet it may b

it!” Pandora was silent, but she could not help thinking, of the box. It was in her mind day and night. “If it does so muc

e lid,” she would think. “What evil can there be in so blessed a box? It has made the whole world happy. It must be good.”

can there be in so blessed a box? It has made the whole world happy. It must be good.” Then she would think that even tho

ack he found her there, kneeling upon the lid of the box and weeping. It was long before she could tell what had happened.

ut the spirits from the box.” “Can nothing be done?” they would ask. “ It would be better not to live, than to live in this

ugh, from within the box came a sound of the sweetest, softest music. It was the spirit that was called Hope. Those who he

upon her; but the nearer he came, the more terrified was poor Daphne. It was as if she were a hunted hare and Apollo the h

s, scared her anew. Suddenly, before her, she saw the glint of water. It was the river Peneüs. “O my father,” she cried, “

guests talked in whispers. Orpheus and Eurydice alone were unchanged. It seemed to them no very great matter whether the t

ly toward the shore and let the grieving musician step into his boat. It nearly sank with the weight of a live person. As

were bathed in tears. All through the underworld the charm was felt. It is said even that the bad spirits in punishment w

her gentle breathing. The joy and delight made him forget all else. “ It is true, after all,” he cried. “They have really

was breaking in long waves at the foot of the promontory of Tænarus. It is said that the sweet and wondrous singer lived

les tried his club. He hit the lion with all his might upon the head. It was a crushing blow, but the lion only paused an

r able to keep silence. “This is no time for merrymaking!” he cried. “ It is Alcestis who is dead.” Thus the whole truth ca

ard with his flaming lamp, and the rosy goddess of dawn had appeared. It was almost time for the sun-chariot to set out. H

In the golden prime of morning,    Strayed the Poet’s winged steed. It was Autumn, and incessant    Piped the quails fro

locked the way. He was a famous robber and bore a great club of iron. It was here that Theseus had his first fight, and it

Theseus go.1 As evening came on, a house appeared in the distance. It was the home of the giant Procrustes, the Stretch

“Speak! Whose is it?” Then Theseus knelt before the king and said: — “ It was my father’s sword, O Ægeus, and I got it by r

battling against foes, or helping to make and carry out better laws. It was not long before the whole land felt the good

g Minos for the death of his son.” “Tell me about it,” said Theseus. “ It is a sad story,” said the old man. “Minos, the ki

ots, “for I will sail in the black ship with the men and the maidens. It may be that with the help of the gods I shall sla

notaur lives in a great and mysterious building called the Labyrinth. It is made up of curving halls and blind ways, of wi

seus and Ariadne went out past the soldiers, who dared not stop them. It was just daybreak as they stood before the door o

again, and to be arriving nowhere. Suddenly he heard a great bellow. It sounded like the voice of a bull, yet it seemed a

unded like the voice of a bull, yet it seemed at the same time human. It was a terrible cry, and Theseus started when he h

ow, turned fiercely and hastened in the direction from which it came. It was not long before a sudden turn brought him in

ds, but he was stronger, and each time tore himself loose in a flash. It tried to bite him with its great teeth and to gor

iful woman in the world. That night the sky was full of a rosy light. It was the radiance of the golden goddess Venus, who

among the children of Priam and cried out: — “Father, it is your son! It is our brother!” Then King Priam was glad, and be

and no host came. At last men shook their heads and smiled and said, “ It was only a rumor, after all. They do not dare.” B

enture outside the gate, for fear of the mighty Achilles and his men. It happened that among the captives the Greeks had t

e tent of Achilles, her son. Never on earth had such armor been seen. It shone like the sun, and the friends of Achilles h

re was a statue of Minerva which was said to have fallen from heaven. It was called the Palladium, and the goddess had pro

u all,” said the deceitful Sinon. “The Greeks have not gone for good. It is true they have gone to Greece, but they will r

n horse is an offering which they made to Minerva before setting out. It was built large and heavy so that you might not b

ple of Minerva. At that, the Trojans were struck with awe, and said, “ It is because Laocoön threw his spear at the wooden

ang before it as it moved, and children scattered flowers in the way. It was thought an honor to touch the long ropes by w

ked the sea. Before long he saw far out on the water a flaming torch. It was the signal. The Grecian fleet was there, comi

ith cheeses. Along the walls were pens full of lambs and young goats. It was plain that a shepherd lived there who was ric

midst of his hideous meal, the hero came near and handed it to him. “ It is good,” said the Cyclops, when he had drunk it.

yphemus tore the whole top from the hill and cast it toward the ship. It passed over the vessel and fell a little in front

Ithaca came in sight and the men could see fires upon the hillsides. It was their home. They sailed slowly, waiting for t

and came to the land of the Læstrygonians, where the sun never sets. It was a beautiful and fertile land, but it brought

d, as a protection, gave him a stalk of the plant the gods call Moly. It has a black root and a white blossom, and is very

ys, Antinoüs, in his wrath, seized a heavy stool and flung it at him. It struck him on the shoulder, but though it would a

s, the gentle minstrel, and Medon, the herald, whom Telemachus loved. It was a long, hard fight. After it was over, Ulysse

her of Theseus, 146. Æt΄na. Volcano at which Ceres lit her torch, 24. It was thought to be the smithy of Vulcan. Agamem΄n

Here Hercules got his club, 85. Mt. I΄da. A mountain near Troy, 212. It was here that Pans, who had been cast forth to di

by Menelaus; home of Helen, 176. Styx. River of the lower world, 20. It flowed seven times round Hades. All spirits must

le, modest, and good natured, and every body loved and commended her. It will hardly be believed that the elder sisters ha

uly is, and then she must loathe and hate him, and be very wretched.” It seems by this that Venus was a malignant spiteful

utiful princess Psyche. She is alone in that bleak and solitary spot. It is the will of Cupid she should be removed to a d

the world, that her husband should absent himself from her every day. It was enough, they said, to make any woman miserabl

ou knowest that I can do nothing in opposition to any sister goddess. It becomes divinities to set before mortals an examp

my daughter-in-law. I cannot make a quarrel with her on your account. It would greatly offend her should I screen from her

es of Venus were just fixed upon her with a most vengeful expression. It seemed to the trembling Psyche as if they aimed a

syche, “seest thou not the celestial, rosy red of my cheeks is faded. It is thou who hast done this, by pretending to riva

s any part of this story true? Mother. Only a very small part of it. It is true people once believed that there were such

s ago, said he found it in an old book; so it must be very old. Ann. It is a very pretty story. Mother. I think so. Many

the box. Proserpine. Ceres delighted in the island of Sicily. It is a beautiful country. Once the people of Sicily

” and placing the pure white lily in the hair of Cytheris, she said, “ It is here like a star in the dark night.” “Leontia,

, —  Mark him as he moves along, Drawn by horses black and strong.” “ It is indeed the gloomy Pluto,” cried Proserpine, an

y ignorant credulous people. Ann. What is a transformation? Mother. It is a change of form or shape, as that of a woman

rpine received her mother tenderly, and consented to return to earth. It happened that as Proserpine was walking in the El

king in the Elysian fields, she had plucked a pomegranate and eat it. It does not appear that Proserpine was honest enough

mon woman, and the peasants of Sicily did not take her for a goddess. It is related that one night she stopped at the door

the prison-house of her sister, and with their help to set her free. It was not difficult to do this. On a certain day, a

er than to kill one another? Mother. The Bible has taught us better. It teaches us, you know, not to kill or injure our f

yage to Athens from Thrace? I do not think it a long voyage. Mother. It is not a long distance, not much more than two hu

nstructed for them, if a poor cottage had not attracted their notice. It was low, and its roof was covered with reeds and

mney, and cutting off a piece, threw it and the coleworts into a pot. It took a good while to boil this bacon and cabbage,

hey prayed that good, and not evil, might follow this strange visit. “ It becomes us to offer a sacrifice to these gods,” s

ain top, nor once look back in your flight till you reach the summit. It is my will to bring destruction upon an impious p

d the mountain top; then they turned and looked down upon the valley. It was covered with water; its inhabitants were drow

lemon soon returned, and addressing himself humbly to Jupiter, said, “ It is our request, since thou permittest us to expre

nn. What do you suppose is the fact contained in this fable? Mother. It might be, that where a, virtuous pair had lived,

the sacrifice. Aglauria, the eldest daughter of Cecrops, was at home. It was a custom in those days for the eldest daughte

d; and she intends, as much as she can, to disturb the amiable Herse. It is my will that those who wish to injure others s

or beginner of their city. Ann. Did he call it Athens? Mother. No. It was called for him, Cecropia; but the name was al

o you understand me? Ann. Very well. What was the caduceus? Mother. It was a wand, or stick, round which serpents were t

which hears his name. Cadmus. The city of Tiresias was Thebes. It was about forty miles from Athens. Thebes was bui

Mother. No; a dragon is a fabulous animal, mentioned only in fables. It is drawn like a great lizard with wings, having a

t makes the story of Cadmus quite plain. I thank you for it. Mother. It requires attention and thought, to understand any

urs, and were beloved by their subjects, to whom they were very kind. It is not easy to make those unhappy who are amiable

were the incantation, or spell. Tisiphone had a mixture of this sort. It was compounded of the froth distilled from the ja

n. I have heard before of uttering a curse. What is a curse? Mother. It is a sort of wicked prayer, a wish that God would

Mother. Ann, perhaps you can tell me the moral of this story? Ann. It is a sad story, and describes vary shocking condu

of discretion, or prudence? Ann. Prudence is like caution somewhat. It is thinking beforehand what is best to be done; t

y probable. Does the history of Agave teach you any thing? Ann. Yes. It shows me that to drink too much wine makes person

which Minerva had given him, as a mirror, and in that he beheld her. It is difficult to imagine why the image of her defo

” and he stood a moment, fearfully conjecturing what the scene meant. It was caused by a prediction which had been made lo

, addressing himself to Perseus; “You have taken another man’s bride. It may be that you do not know the perfidy of her fa

o you call that feeling, the hatred of the bad for the good? Mother. It is called Envy. When we wish to imitate the good,

other. Envy you know, my child, is a bad passion, which persons feel. It cannot be seen, like a woman or child, though you

id glare, or dim, smoky flame of red light, that was an evil portent. It indicated that the married pair would meet with m

uestions more and I will have done. What was Minerva’s Ægis? Mother. It was a shield which no weapon could penetrate. It

rva’s Ægis? Mother. It was a shield which no weapon could penetrate. It means that the truly wise have a defence in their

ociation of ideas. Ann. But how does this relate to Apollo? Mother. It was necessary for me to explain to you folly the

certain games, called the Pythian. Ann. What was a tripod? Mother. It was sometimes a stool with three feet. The Greeks

. I have heard of Shakspeare’s laurels; what does that mean? Mother. It only means Shakspeare’s fame, or reputation. Shak

aurels, we mean his fame, or the admiration of mankind for him. Ann. It is what is called a metaphorical, or figurative w

mages of them. Mother. The art of making these figures is sculpture. It is one of the fine arts. Useful art, is the makin

years ago, it was dug up from among some ruins in Antium, near Rome. It was dreadfully broken, but the fragments were fou

f Argus. “Go,” said the sovereign of the gods; “go and destroy Argus. It is my will that Io should be transported to Egypt

d became queen of Egypt. Phæton. “The world’s vice luminary.” It is related that Io, after she became queen of Egy

ines, and it is indispensable to the enjoyment of art and literature. It assists us to understand many allusions in the Ne

hat they considered duty, and their ground of hope for the hereafter. It has been fully proved that mythology is simply a

d delight. I feel bound to avow the conviction that it has done more. It has removed not a few perplexities, and has solve

has solved not a few difficulties which press hard on many thinkers. It has raised and strengthened my faith in the goodn

jesty of the Christian religion, and for the sanctity of its morals. “ It also enables us to understand the works of variou

h we are likely to be interested has three distinct characters: — “I. It has a physical character. It represents some of t

ted has three distinct characters: — “I. It has a physical character. It represents some of the great powers, or objects o

rising and setting of the sun, the tides of the sea, and so on. “II. It has an ethical character, and represents in its h

1 is physically the sea; morally, the supreme power of passion. “III. It has a personal character, and is realized in the

n side of the earth, and in a contrary direction on the eastern side. It flowed in a steady, equable current, unvexed by s

ties whose usual abode was the earth, the waters, or the under-world. It was also in the great hall of the palace of the O

The abode of Oceanus was a grotto-palace beneath the stream of Ocean. It is not always easy to distinguish the god from th

ngeance), Eris* (Strife), the Hesperides*, and several other deities. It is a principle of all cosmogony that darkness pre

r brow, a gauzy veil flowing behind, and a lighted torch in her hand. It was supposed that magicians and enchanters, parti

o beat drums and cymbals to render the power of magic less effectual. It was said that Selene was enamored of Endymion*, o

mphion, having become king of Thebes, fortified the city with a wall. It is said that when he played on his lyre, the ston

immortality. “The interpretation of this myth is somewhat difficult. It is commonly supposed that they were ancient Pelop

order to calm the storm at the prayer of the terror-stricken mariner. It has been remarked that these Dioscuri flitting ab

lyre, and then, taking advantage of his helpless condition, slew him. It is related that Hera placed his eyes on the tail

ra typified the union of heaven and earth in the fertilizing showers. It was called “the sacred marriage,” and every livin

ined upon her. Gæa presented to Hera a tree laden with golden apples. It was placed under the charge of the Hesperides at

dala” every sixty years. The Tonea was a solemnity observed at Samos. It was usual to carry Hera’s statue to the sea-shore

ful laughter she seated herself in its place and returned to Olympus. It is probable that this story was invented to expla

ble marine monsters, which devoured those whom the floods had spared. It is probable that these sea-monsters are the poeti

rone Zeus, he was deprived of his dominion over the sea for one year. It was during this time that, in conjunction with Ap

officiating priests wore black robes, and were crowned with cypress. It was said that at the close of the Titan war the C

This expiation was called “februatio,” whence the name of the month. It continued from the eighteenth to the end of the m

“The stone of Sisyphus is an emblem of the indestructibility of hope. It symbolizes the sun, which, daily after reaching t

quering fate became amplified by the poets into that described above. It was considered the function of the Mœræ to indica

) which we call the earth’s crust, and which produces all vegetation. It is necessary to keep clearly in view the distinct

oom which falls upon the earth during the cheerless months of winter. It is believed that in later times a still deeper me

ideas of a future life than the popular faith of the Greeks afforded. It was commonly believed that the souls of men after

been sown, as though dead, but afterwards breaks forth into new life. It was only natural to associate with this last conc

in full armor formed an important part in their peculiar ceremonial. It is said that one morning, when Numa* was implorin

eds from her. Thus she appears as goddess of peace as well as of war. It was she who first taught mankind to manage the ho

coins of Attica there was a moon as well as an owl and olive branch. It could scarcely have been from any other cause tha

he central object of this grand array was a ship moved automatically. It bore for a sail the sacred peplos, upon which you

the noblest families had embroidered in gold the triumphs of Athene. It was said that Athene wove her own robe and Hera’s

hief Roman festival in honor of Minerva was the Quinquatrus Majores*. It was held on the 19th of March, and was in later t

d on the 19th of March, and was in later times extended to five days. It was especially observed by all those engaged in i

g the ancients a far higher significance than it does in modern life. It served not only for the preparation of meals, but

the Romans. Her most ancient temple was situated opposite the Forum. It was built in a circle and was of moderate dimensi

anoes were believed to be his workshops and the Cyclopes his workmen. It is said that the first work of Hephæstus was a th

sacred to Aphrodite. The Venus of Milo is now in the Louvre at Paris. It was found in the year 1820, on the Island of Milo

It was found in the year 1820, on the Island of Milo, hence its name. It is noted for the dignified expression of the head

t forms the city (Athens) could supply were furnished him for models. It is to this Thomson alludes in his “Summer.” “So

l Adonis* is of Asiatic origin. The germ may be easily distinguished. It represents the decay of vegetation in autumn, and

nd Poseidon built for Laomedon*, king of Troy, the walls of the city. It was said that when Apollo grasped the chords of h

which was discovered in 1503, near Antium, and is now in the Vatican. It is a standing figure, in marble, more than seven

ich is fastened around the neck and hangs over the extended left arm. It is supposed to represent the god in the moment wh

. There was a magnificent temple erected to this divinity at Ephesus. It was considered one of the seven wonders of the wo

h he stole were the bright clouds driven across the heaven.” Cox . It was in his character of wind-god that Hermes was

Bacchus both by the Greeks and Romans; that is, noisy or riotous god. It was originally a mere surname, and does not occur

In his more extended meaning, he represents the blessings of autumn. It is he that causes the fruits to ripen; he also di

ome beings who might perpetuate in song the mighty deeds of the gods. It was in answer to this prayer that the Muses were

evelop man’s higher nature, and causes the mind to soar heavenwards. “ It is said that during their contest with the Pierid

e was made immortal by Zeus, and installed as cup-bearer to the gods. It was said that Zeus had observed him drawing water

eringly said that she made too much noise with her feet when walking. It is said that, in consequence of his unlovely and

. Pomona*. Pomona* was the goddess of orchards and fruit-trees. It is said that she was wooed in vain by all the rur

rcular form, and stood in front of the statue of the presiding deity. It was customary to engrave upon it the name or dist

o Dionysus, a goat, on account of its being destructive to vineyards. It was regarded as a contempt of the gods for a rich

met at Mecone*, in order to adjust the privileges and duties of men. It was decided that Prometheus, as the advocate of m

those cast by Deucalion became men, and those by Pyrrha became women. It was a hard race and well adapted to labor. The mo

ral of the Centaurs were slain; the others were driven from Thessaly. It is the opinion of Buttmann that the Centaurs and

nclosed both mother and child in a chest, which he cast into the sea. It was cared for by Zeus, who caused it to float to

anquet, requiring all who came to present him with a beautiful horse. It was not in the power of Perseus to furnish the re

he Chimæra, a monster which was at that time devastating the country. It had the head of a lion, the body of a goat, the t

ull. Heracles took it to Mycenæ, where it was set free by Eurystheus. It was eventually killed by Theseus on the plains of

s led him into Lydia and sold him to Omphale*, queen of that country. It is said the queen clad her illustrious slave in f

The story of Heracles is the most complicated of all the Greek myths. It sprung from the old phrases which had spoken of t

y, and the shades of those of the heroes that had died on the voyage. It was decided that Jason, with a few chosen compani

the capital of a kingdom in Asia Minor, situated near the Hellespont. It was founded by Ilus*, a son of Tros, who was a de

aider). He married the nymph Œnone*,14 whom Rhea had taught prophecy. It was about this time that Paris gave his famous de

followed by a quarrel between Ajax and Ulysses respecting his armor. It was finally adjudged to Ulysses. The unfortunate

ad six heads, each of which took a man out of every ship that passed. It was said Charybdis had been an avaricious woman,

, and left him with the treasure King Alcinous had bestowed upon him. It was now twenty years that Odysseus had been away

beggar, and as such he was kindly received by Eumæus*, the swineherd. It chanced that the following morning Telemachus ret

other gods; his emblems were the pig, the ass, and the hippopotamus. It was related that Osiris once went about the earth

of the Manifestations to Light,” often called the “Book of the Dead.” It is a ritual for the use of the soul in its journe

e Aryans. In all respects, except color, they resemble the Europeans. It is probable that they emigrated from Iran* (Persi

incarnations of the god for the accomplishment of a special purpose. It is believed the number of the Avatars will not ex

to have been a mortal sage named Guatama, and also Buddha, the Wise. It is probable he lived about a thousand years befor

re the parents of the human race. Asgard* was the abode of the gods. It could be entered only by crossing the bridge Bifr

could be entered only by crossing the bridge Bifrost* (the rainbow). It contained gold and silver palaces, the dwellings

supposed to have been derived from “De,” God, and “rouyd,” speaking. It would, therefore, seem to signify those who speak

e, ascends the tree, and cuts off the mistletoe with a golden sickle. It is caught in a white mantle, after which they pro

more precious.” Amber was valued for certain mysterious properties. It was manufactured into beads by the Druids, and gi

idism found a temporary refuge in the German forests and in Armorica. It was suppressed in Britain during the reign of Ner

and he then transfixed them with other arrows, which became branches. It was said that he married the muskrat that had bee

n side of the earth, and in a contrary direction on the eastern side. It flowed in a steady, equable current, unvexed by s

ities whose usual abode was the earth, the waters, or the underworld. It was also in the great hall of the palace of the O

are peculiar to Roman mythology. Saturn was an ancient Italian deity. It was attempted to identify him with the Grecian go

neath the chestnut shade.” Macaulay , Prophecy of Capys .” N. B. —  It is to be observed that in proper names the final

beasts of the land. But a nobler animal was wanted, and Man was made. It is not known whether the Creator made him of divi

man. With this gift man was more than a match for all other animals. It enabled him to make weapons wherewith to subdue t

the hand of the man became men, and those by the woman became women. It was a hard race, and well adapted to labor, as we

the Deity.” Apollo and Daphne. Daphne was Apollo’s first love. It was not brought about by accident, but by the mal

ot a foe. Do not fly me as a lamb flies the wolf, or a dove the hawk. It is for love I pursue you. You make me miserable,

wooings thrown away, and, sped by Cupid, gained upon her in the race. It was like a hound pursuing a hare, with open jaws

it before, but the lovers discovered it. What will not love discover! It afforded a passage to the voice; and tender messa

who came first should await the other at the foot of a certain tree. It was a white mulberry tree, and stood near a cool

, at the sudden shock, fainted away. Presently recovering, she said, “ It cannot be true; I will not believe it unless I my

ay her any more attentions Juno consented to restore her to her form. It was curious to see her gradually recover her form

let us learn how a virgin goddess punished an invader of her privacy. It was midday, and the sun stood equally distant fro

d he; “this only request I would fain deny. I beg you to withdraw it. It is not a safe boon, nor one, my Phaëton, suited t

cious — ask it and fear no refusal. This only I pray you not to urge. It is not honor, but destruction you seek. Why do yo

e could, Phœbus at last led the way to where stood the lofty chariot. It was of gold, the gift of Vulcan; the axle was of

n the open air, under the sunlight and moonlight and falling showers. It was where now stands the city of Eleusis, then th

concealed — that is, she is carried off by the god of the underworld. It reappears — that is, Proserpine is restored to he

y through subterranean channels till it again appears on the surface. It was said that the Sicilian fountain Arethusa was

ry ran that a cup thrown into the Alpheus appeared again in Arethusa. It is this fable of the underground course of Alpheu

ue of ivory, so beautiful that no living woman came anywhere near it. It was indeed the perfect semblance of a maiden that

see his statue, and leaning over the couch, gave a kiss to the mouth. It seemed to be warm. He pressed its lips again, he

in and again with a lover’s ardor he touches the object of his hopes. It was indeed alive! The veins when pressed yielded

er of bloody hue like that of the pomegranate. But it is short-lived. It is said the wind blows the blossoms open, and aft

us, and with every returning spring revives the memory of his fate.   It was said that Zephyrus, (the West wind,) who was

the shoal — a Stygian blackness. The vessel shares all these changes. It seems like a wild beast that rushes on the spears

Oh, how I wish, since thou wouldst go, thou hadst taken me with thee! It would have been far better. Then I should have ha

grief forbade more words, and these were broken with tears and sobs. It was now morning. She went to the sea shore, and s

w, now it approaches the shore. Now marks that she recognizes appear. It is her husband! Stretching out her trembling hand

d a staff in her hand. She entered the garden and admired the fruit. “ It does you credit, my dear,” she said, and kissed h

woman, and stood before her in his proper person, as a comely youth. It appeared to her like the sun bursting through a c

in the works of Apuleius, a writer of the second century of our era. It is therefore of much more recent date than most o

f much more recent date than most of the legends of the Age of Fable. It is this that Keats alludes to in his Ode to Psych

ns under the storm-shaken oak. You see yonder a temple on the height. It is sacred to Jupiter. O how many offered prayers

with its numerous branches all covered with living, moving creatures. It seemed to shake its limbs and throw down over the

to take a kiss; he plunged his arms in to embrace the beloved object. It fled at the touch, but returned again after a mom

hin the watery gleam appeared, Bending to look on me. I started back; It started back; but pleased I soon returned, Please

ould leave their groves and fountains to come and gaze upon her work. It was not only beautiful when it was done, but beau

ut one, and she a matron too, failed to learn the lesson of humility. It was Niobe, the queen of Thebes. She had indeed mu

their great descent, nor the power of their kingdom that elated her. It was her children; and truly the happiest of mothe

f mothers would Niobe have been if only she had not claimed to be so. It was on occasion of the annual celebration in hono

is a copy of a celebrated statue in the imperial gallery of Florence. It is the principal figure of a group supposed to ha

r terrified child, is one of the most admired of the ancient statues. It ranks with the Laocoon and the Apollo among the m

ere the sun goes down. Here he would gladly have rested till morning. It was the realm of King Atlas, whose bulk surpassed

a party of his adherents, burst in, demanding the maiden as his own. It was in vain that Cepheus remonstrated, — “You sho

of Thebes was afflicted with a monster which infested the high-road. It was called the Sphinx. It had the body of a lion

ith a monster which infested the high-road. It was called the Sphinx. It had the body of a lion and the upper part of a wo

the Sphinx. It had the body of a lion and the upper part of a woman. It lay crouched on the top of a rock, and arrested a

as a compound of the lion and the goat, and the hind part a dragon’s. It made great havoc in Lycia, so that the king, Ioba

irds it builds its nest, and instead of an egg lays an agate therein. It has long claws and talons of such a size that the

le of containing fifty men, it was considered a gigantic undertaking. It was accomplished, however, and the vessel named A

Phineus, and from him received instruction as to their future course. It seems the entrance of the Euxine Sea was impeded

ed their hero, and Medea, if she dared, would have embraced him, too. It remained to lull to sleep the dragon that guarded

t a substratum of truth exists, though overlaid by a mass of fiction. It probably was the first important maritime expedit

of the occasion to pay a glowing tribute to Athens, his native city. It begins thus: — “O haggard queen! to Athens dost

ved it for years, while Meleager grew to boyhood, youth, and manhood. It chanced, then, that Œneus, as he offered sacrific

rom Atalanta at length for the first time tastes the monster’s blood. It is a slight wound, but Meleager sees and joyfully

urning away her face, she threw the fatal wood upon the burning pile. It gave, or seemed to give, a deadly groan. Meleager

our best! haste, haste! you gain on her! relax not! one more effort!” It was doubtful whether the youth or the maiden hear

of women. They were very warlike and held several flourishing cities. It was their custom to bring up only the female chil

oured by the Minotaur, a monster with a bull’s body and a human head. It was exceedingly strong and fierce, and was kept i

en at the battle of Marathon. Theseus is a semi-historical personage. It is recorded of him that he united the several tri

val differed from the other Grecian games chiefly in two particulars. It was peculiar to the Athenians, and its chief feat

ng those known as the “Elgin marbles.” Olympic and other games. It seems not inappropriate to mention here the other

f the clew of Ariadne was built by Dædalus, a most skilful artificer. It was an edifice with numberless winding passages a

from Naxian groves of Zante’s     Vineyards, sing delirious verses.” It was in vain Pentheus remonstrated, commanded, and

se claim of heavenly parentage and renounce his counterfeit worship.” It was in vain his nearest friends and wisest counse

e, I learned the pilot’s art and how to guide my course by the stars. It happened as I was sailing for Delos we touched at

island is not my home. What have I done that you should treat me so? It is small glory you will gain by cheating a poor b

o Ariadne’s crown, though he has made some mistakes in his mythology. It was at the wedding of Pirithous, and not Theseus,

ich had been their abode and with which they had come into existence. It was therefore an impious act wantonly to destroy

s never slept, nor Nymph Nor Faunus haunted.” Paradise Lost, B. IV. It was a pleasing trait in the old Paganism that it

s. Egeria was one of them, whose fountain and grotto are still shown. It was said that Numa, the second king of Rome, was

thyia, and tried to play the lover’s part, but met with poor success. It was hard for him to breathe gently, and sighing w

t him with my forked tongue. He smiled scornfully at this, and said, ‘ It was the labor of my infancy to conquer snakes.’ S

the river in its windings flowed through part of Dejanira’s kingdom. It was said to take the form of a snake because of i

e of Amalthea is also given by some writers to the mother of Bacchus. It is thus used by Milton, P. L., Book IV.: —      

he ground, and he, his chariot, and his charioteer were swallowed up. It would not be in place here to detail all the acts

cass of a dead animal would be occupied by the bees for that purpose. It was no doubt from some such incident that the sup

mphion, having become king of Thebes, fortified the city with a wall. It is said that when he played on his lyre the stone

palling representation of the Furies is not exaggerated in the story. It is recorded that Æschylus, the tragic poet, havin

rending the hearts of the guilty, and enchaining all their faculties. It rose and swelled, overpowering the sound of the i

are not wanting some modern testimonies to their being still audible. It has been suggested that sounds produced by confin

k by the side of my beloved Acis, and listened to the distant strain. It was full of extravagant praises of my beauty, min

entered into competition with Juno and Venus for the prize of beauty. It happened thus: At the nuptials of Peleus and Thet

aken the story of Protesilaus and Laodamia for the subject of a poem. It seems the oracle had declared that victory should

of the Greeks, and that was a quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon. It is at this point that the great poem of Homer, Th

sted themselves as much in this famous war as the parties themselves. It was well known to them that fate had decreed that

e, to which Hector replied, and hurled his lance at the huge warrior. It was well aimed and struck Ajax, where the belts t

one, one of those that served to prop the ships, hurled it at Hector. It struck him in the neck and stretched him on the p

r, but missed Patroclus, but Patroclus threw his with better success. It pierced Sarpedon’s breast and he fell, and, calli

ld fall into the hands of the enemy, could see no suitable messenger. It was then that he exclaimed in those famous lines

er, all perfectly adapted to his form, and of consummate workmanship. It was all done in one night, and Thetis, receiving

d his spear with all his force against the shield the work of Vulcan. It was formed of five metal plates; two were of bras

but was stopped in the third. Achilles threw his with better success. It pierced through the shield of Æneas, but glanced

select number of the other chiefs were appointed to award the prize. It was awarded to Ulysses, thus placing wisdom befor

g the memory of this event, the Delphinium Ajacis —  Ajax’s Larkspur. It was now discovered that Troy could not be taken b

here was in Troy a celebrated statue of Minerva called the Palladium. It was said to have fallen from heaven, and the beli

hey offer gifts.”18 So saying he threw his lance at the horse’s side. It struck, and a hollow sound reverberated like a gr

tion, and at the banquet given to celebrate his return, murdered him. It was intended by the conspirators to slay his son

The romantic poem of the Odyssey is now to engage our attention. It narrates the wanderings of Ulysses (Odysseus in t

of it lost all thoughts of home and wished to remain in that country. It was by main force that Ulysses dragged these men

ds, caught six of his men, and bore them away, shrieking, to her den. It was the saddest sight Ulysses had yet seen; to be

nture, naked as he was, to discover himself and make his wants known? It certainly was a case worthy of the interposition

oaching which he met a young woman bearing a pitcher forth for water. It was Minerva, who had assumed that form. Ulysses a

me none spoke. At last an aged statesman, addressing the king, said, “ It is not fit that a stranger who asks our hospitali

uld get the better of the suitors and punish them for their outrages. It was arranged that Telemachus should proceed to th

h age, and seeing a stranger enter, raised his head, with ears erect. It was Argus, Ulysses’ own dog, that he had in other

yond the sunset, and the baths Of all the western stars, until I die. It may be that the gulfs will wash us down; It may b

stern stars, until I die. It may be that the gulfs will wash us down; It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles, And see th

loyed in making their encampment Æneas sought the abode of the Sibyl. It was a cave connected with a temple and grove, sac

as of the terrific and preternatural of any on the face of the earth. It is the volcanic region near Vesuvius, where the w

he lake Avernus is supposed to fill the crater of an extinct volcano. It is circular, half a mile wide, and very deep, sur

way and retreated to his retirement. Opening the Gates of Janus. It was the custom of the country, when war was to be

earned to endure the toils of war, and in speed to outstrip the wind. It seemed as if she might run over the standing corn

Such were the formidable allies that ranged themselves against Æneas. It was night and he lay stretched in sleep on the ba

dying remembered sweet Argos.” 29 Æneas now in turn hurled his lance. It pierced the shield of Mezentius, and wounded him

made the circuit, Æneas threw his lance directly at the horse’s head. It pierced his temples and he fell, while a shout fr

d by the murmurs of his followers, he braced himself to the conflict. It could not be doubtful. On the side of Æneas were

Ipse dixit,) was to be held by them as sufficient, without any proof. It was only the advanced pupils, after years of pati

to perform a choral dance round the central fire, “not without song.” It is this doctrine which Shakspere alludes to when

idual animal who was held to be Apis was recognized by certain signs. It was requisite that he should be quite black, have

as represented in statuary with the head veiled, a symbol of mystery. It is this which Tennyson alludes to in Maud, IV. 8:

Apollo at Delphi, a city built on the slopes of Parnassus in Phocis. It had been observed at a very early period that the

responses and the recovery of their health by sleeping in the temple. It has been inferred from the accounts that have com

considered an unfavorable sign, and the contrary when he received it. It has been a question whether oracular responses ou

the theories which have been mentioned are true to a certain extent. It would therefore be more correct to say that the m

considered the highest achievement of this department of Grecian art. It was of colossal dimensions, and was what the anci

The Minerva of the Parthenon. This was also the work of Phidias. It stood in the Parthenon, or temple of Minerva at A

st perfect forms the city could supply were furnished him for models. It is this which Thomson alludes to in his Summer.

Pope’s palace at Rome in which it was placed. The artist is unknown. It is supposed to be a work of Roman art, of about t

sed to be a work of Roman art, of about the first century of our era. It is a standing figure, in marble, more than seven

ich is fastened around the neck and hangs over the extended left arm. It is supposed to represent the god in the moment wh

of the Apollo, the sizes correspond and also the style of execution. It is a work of the highest order, though by no mean

rtain kind which reproduces itself. The Assyrians call it the Phœnix. It does not live on fruit or flowers, but on frankin

the Phœnix, after disappearing for a series of ages, revisited Egypt. It was attended in its flight by a group of various

g on them, and splits the rocks, such power of evil is there in him.” It was formerly believed that if killed by a spear f

to my knowledge.’ So saying he embraced me, and gave me some money.” It seems unreasonable to doubt a story of which Sign

p and remains in a torpid state till the spring again calls it forth. It may therefore sometimes be carried with the fuel

s or castes, with fixed occupations, existed from the earliest times. It is supposed by some to have been founded upon con

ubsequently extended to Corea, Japan, and Java. The Grand Lama. It is a doctrine alike of the Brahminical Hindus and

milarities to consider Lamaism as a sort of degenerated Christianity. It is not improbable that the Lamas derived some of

ions from which we, through our English ancestors, derive our origin. It is that of the northern nations, called Scandinav

mighty ash tree Ygdrasill was supposed to support the whole universe. It sprang from the body of Ymir, and had three immen

to the mountain spirits, who made for them the chain called Gleipnir. It is fashioned of six things, viz., the noise made

this sword, but was less fortunate than Thor and never recovered it. It happened in this way: Frey once mounted Odin’s th

huge giant, who slept and snored in the way that had alarmed them so. It is said that for once Thor was afraid to use his

, and towards noon descried a city standing in the middle of a plain. It was so lofty that they were obliged to bend their

here,” answered Utgard-Loki, “in which we exercise none but children. It consists in merely lifting my cat from the ground

will wail With dry tears Baldur’s bale-fire. Let Hela keep her own.” It was strongly suspected that this hag was no other

be put into a side pocket. Ragnarok, the Twilight of the Gods. It was a firm belief of the northern nations that a

e, ascends the tree, and cuts off the mistletoe with a golden sickle. It is caught in a white mantle, after which they pro

Eisteddfod, or meeting of Welsh Bards, held in London, May 22, 1822. It begins with a description of the ancient meeting,

s the power of the latter advanced that of the Culdees was enfeebled. It was not, however, till the thirteenth centurv tha

nd in various parts, and which seem to have been of Druidical origin. It is in reference to all these remains of ancient r

a pair of scales, in which she weighs the claims of opposing parties. It was a favorite idea of the old poets that these g

Expressions, page 477. 6. See Proverbial Expressions, page 477. 7. It is evidently not our modern hyacinth that is here

. 7. It is evidently not our modern hyacinth that is here described. It is perhaps some species of iris, or perhaps of la

ine which is thought to imitate in its sound the galloping of horses. It may be thus translated —  “Then struck the hoofs

les to have been borne by the priests in their religious processions. It probably represented the chest in which Osiris wa

sting head his curls Ambrosial shook, and the huge mountain reeled.” It may interest our readers to see how this passage

n is one of a series of simple and easy works for the use of schools. It may appear to have less of the character of utili

application to make a book of mythology one of a religious tendency. It is my own view of the subject, and I cannot but b

other patriarchs, and invented new and false gods, whom they adored. It pleased God to select one nation, to whom, in ord

nd goddesses, and sculptors have represented them in admirable forms. It is impossible to understand ancient and modern po

a supernatural being, and therefore, after his death he was deified. It is probable, that Janus regulated the divisions o

her husband. This act of generous devotion has often been commended. It is asserted by the poets that Apollo raised the w

in honour of the god’s achievement. The laurel was sacred to Apollo. It was bestowed upon poets as a reward for their exc

e may be seen in almost every considerable town in the United States. It is commonly called the Apollo of Belvidere. Belvi

f Jupiter and Juno. Vulcan is sometimes called Mulciber, and Lemnius. It is said that Jupiter, taking offence at Vulcan, k

ng-glass; and this, ignorant persons considered stealing from heaven. It was asserted that he formed statues, into whom he

gh a celestial goddess, the mythologists say she was born upon earth. It is disputed whether Juno’s birth-place was the is

——— The Panathenæa was a festival, celebrated in honour of Minerva. It occurred in our month of June. The principal inha

petitions. At this festival a very interesting procession was formed. It was composed of different classes of the citizens

the Parthenon, thirty-nine feet in height, formed of ivory and gold. It was the work of Phidias, produced by the request

the high priest, called the Hierophant, to the mysteries of Eleusis. It was pretended that those \w\\o enjoyed this privi

el beauty, such as none Of us may wisely look upon. Barry Cornwall. It appears, however, that Pluto had nothing frightfu

er among the flowers of Enna, but she only found her daughter’s veil. It is related of Ceres, that in her distress she kin

Ascalaphus, who watched Proserpine when he was not himself observed. It is suitable to wisdom, which discerns where the c

arybdis was supposed to have been a female robber killed by Hercules. It was said that the rock Scylla and the whirlpool C

sented to the goddess, milk, cheese, prepared wine, and millet cakes. It was during this feast they celebrated the foundin

es, groves, fountains, and hills, were provided with these guardians. It was the custom of the Romans to invoke these Geni

sentenced according to their past conduct, either to heaven or hell. It was a superstition of the Greeks that the souls o

us was an immense and gloomy prison, to which the wicked were doomed. It was surrounded by triple walls of solid brass, be

r forgetfulness. To drink of Lethe made one forget all that was past. It was believed by many that the departed were liber

usand times the truth or the falsehood she designed to spread abroad. It was equally her office to delight and to deceive

don. King of Troy, from a sea monster, which would have devoured her. It is related that the Achelous, a river of Epirus,

ted assistance in their weakness, as by the wagoner in Æsop’s fables. It is represented by the historian Xenophon, that wh

is exertions, and indulge himself for a time in repose and amusement. It was said, that Omphale sometimes put on the armou

n the armour of Hercules, and ridiculed him as he sat at her distaff. It has been mentioned that one of the exploits of He

is exceedingly admired by those who understand the Greek literature. It is said that Jason lived a melancholy and unsettl

they were to be eaten up by a frightful monster called the Minotaur. It is a curious fact, that all partially civilized p

d he afterwards induced Minos to give up the exaction of the tribute. It is probable the truth is nothing more, than that

escribe a beautiful and unhappy lady, represent the forsaken Ariadne. It is related that one of the sails of Theseus’ vess

ption was, On this side is Ionia. Ionia was a name of upper Greece. It is to be lamented that a legislator so wise and s

hey were probably roving adventurers, who did as much wrong as right. It is related in their history, that Leucippus, a pr

ed inventor of the wedge, the lever, the axe, and the sails of ships. It is said that Talus, a nephew of Dædalus, discover

from the sea shore. Near to Troy was a range of mountains called Ida. It is said that three several kings of this city gav

dren; the most remarkable of these were Hector, Paris, and Cassandra. It was foretold to Priam, that the last-born of his

ge of ten years. Another story is told concerning the taking of Troy. It is said that it had been decreed by the gods that

captive led.” She fell to the share of Neoptolemus, son of Achilles. It is said that he married her. The infant Astyanax

ded the race of the Dardan kings. So horrible are the details of war. It is hardly probable that this story is exactly tru

et — to employ one’s time worthily — to bear injuries with patience.” It is said that he caused to be engraved in letters

nother temple of the sun at Juggernaut is of surprising magnificence: It is surrounded by a high wall, and has three entra

u temples in an elegant taste? Political State of the Hindus. It is a singular fact, that in Asia, where the Hebre

the lowest indignities, and the meanest services that can be imposed. It is easy to see why the Christian religion, which

ook of prophecy, and consists of between two and three hundred lines. It was supposed to be the prophecy of Vola or Volo,

he creation of its various inhabitants, giants, gods, men and dwarfs. It then proceeds to a description of the employments

ble adventures, and their disputes with Loke, a Scandinavian goddess. It concludes with a representation of the final ruin

Geri and Ferki, the food served up to him at the celestial banquets. It is probable that Odin was some formidable warrior

e Valkyries were maids of the god of war; the goddesses of slaughter. It was their province to select those that were to f

an for a temple. The religion of ancient Egypt is wrapt in obscurity. It bears little relation to genuine history or to po

first used as hieroglyphics, finally came to be objects of adoration. It is universally agreed that the ancient Egyptians

emple, built for that purpose at Alexandria, and called the Serapeum. It is said to have exceeded in magnificence all the

ians, was more rational than that of most other nations of the world. It consisted in the belief of one supreme God, who f

Persian Mythology He was adored as the author and principle of good. It was presumed by the worshippers of Orosmades, tha

sion of the seasons, and the various operations of the natural world. It was believed that the good gods, Orosmades and Mi

ime. The stones of its pavements were wrought to an exquisite polish. It had four gates, fronting east, west, north, and s

are the ministers of religion in all countries and ages of the world. It is the business of Christian ministers, to teach

Etruria was the country of Italy, which was the earliest civilized. It is conjectured that a colony of Phœnicians settle

This celebrated structure was erected by the King Tarquinius Priscus. It occupied four acres of ground, and was approached

Pantheon. The Pantheon is of a later origin than the Capitol. It was built by Marcus Agrippa, son-in-law of August

ll exists as a catholic church, dedicated to St. Mary and All Saints. It is known at Rome as the Rotonda. It was formerly

cated to St. Mary and All Saints. It is known at Rome as the Rotonda. It was formerly entered by an ascent of twelve steps

age 245. The Parthenon is the chief boast of the Greek architecture. It was situated on the Acropolis of Athens; and even

of the Greek sculptors. The Parthenon remained entire for many ages. It is said that Christians have worshipped in it as

injury than it had already experienced from the Venetian artillery.” It is to be regretted that a great portion of these

isposition of the subject, adds to the effect of the representation. “ It is somewhere said of Phidias,13 that as a sculpto

ered, in Bethlehem of Judea, for thus it was written by the prophet . It appears from all antiquity, that though the Hebre

ying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person, see ve to it.” It was customary, during the performance of religiou

Roman writers. Blessing, or benediction, was the reverse of cursing. It was a supplication that God would make those bles

other holy persons were the whole tribe of Levi, called the Levites. It was their business to wait on the priests, and to

led the Lord’s House in Shiloh. The Temple was built by King Solomon. It was a magnificent building in the city of Jerusal

rst temple was destroyed when Jerusalem was taken by the Babylonians. It was rebuilt after the restoration, adorned and be

A cherub was the image of a human face attached to a form with wings. It was an emblematical figure, denoting God’s presen

m with wings. It was an emblematical figure, denoting God’s presence. It is said, that between the cherubs, on the mercy-s

was a vessel of brass, which would contain a large quantity of water. It was designed for the priests to wash their hands

onvocation. The Pentecost was observed fifty days after the passover. It celebrated the beginning of the wheat harvest, an

sound is forc’d, the notes are few! William Blake. Preface. It has long been evident to me that much of our best

easons the study of the Classics is at present considerably impaired. It is, therefore, incumbent upon our universities an

he study of mythology does, in this respect, as much as for the poet. It assists him to thrid the labyrinth of art: not me

he appreciation of concrete artistic productions of both these kinds. It goes without saying that a rational series of som

pupils may turn out parrots, we have too often turned them out loons. It is better that a few of the facts in their heads

we seem to have forgotten that it is also the harvest-time of memory. It is easy for children to remember what they learn,

s only too often of silver, are the myths of certain ancient nations. It is the purpose of this work to relate some of the

struction. Dr. Johnson narrows still further the scope of the fable: “ It seems to be, in its genuine state, a narrative in

s, and replacing it with ivory, is capricious, apparently senseless. “ It is this silly, senseless, and savage element,” as

ects of nature — mountains, the sky, the sun, the sea — is universal. It springs from the fact that savages do not deem th

ts starting-point masculine and feminine names for objects of nature. It does not attempt to show how an object like the o

llegorical Interpretation is akin to the philological in its results. It leads us to explain myths as embodiments in symbo

ashioned as an allegory, in all probability it was preserved as such. It is not, however, likely that allegories of deep s

science of mind — psychology, and the science of man — anthropology. It may be called the Anthropological Method. The the

called the Anthropological Method. The theory is that of “survival.” It is of course probable that occasionally the quest

ere error and folly, but as an interesting product of the human mind. It is sham history, the fictitious narrative of even

xchange only between nations historically acquainted with each other. It will not account for the existence of the same ar

g the modern nationalities of Europe, of Africa, and of India itself. It leaves also unexplained the existence of certain

(§ 7.1) that the historical (Euhemeristic) hypothesis is inadequate. It is, moreover, not likely that many historical inc

perience, and sentiment. This may be called the psychological theory. It was entertained by Grimm, and goes hand in hand w

the greatest work was a dithyramb or choral hymn to the god of wine. It is said that his music and song were of such swee

hey were inscribed: tombstones, spoons, chairs, oars, and so forth.33 It is doubtful whether mythological poems were ever

e, assigned to other writers of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It is probable, too, that in the Mythical Tales, or

theories of the composition of the Nibelungenlied have been advanced. It has been held by some that the German epic is an

used the stanzaic form of the Nibelungenlied, the epic must be his.48 It has also been urged that the poem, having been wr

superstitions borrowed, perhaps, from the aboriginal tribes of India. It contains spells for exorcising demons and placati

age invention. The Mahâbhârata is a storehouse of mythical tradition. It contains several well-rounded epic poems, the mos

nger. The Râmâyana purports to have been written by the poet Vâlmîki. It tells how Sita, the wife of Prince Rama, is carri

cules, an earthly son of Jupiter, whose arrows aided in their defeat. It was from the overthrow of Pallas that Athene (or

n form. Those thrown by Deucalion became men; those by Pyrrha, women. It was a hard race that sprang up, and well adapted

cal, and foreign, divinities that were gradually identified with him. It is, therefore, not wise to assume that the love a

physical forces that have repeated themselves in ever-varying guise. It is important to understand that the more ideal Ol

ld, and made by the god of fire. His special messenger was the eagle. It was, however, only with the passage of generation

Phidias was considered the highest achievement of Grecian sculpture. It was of colossal dimensions, and, like other statu

ng laughter when he turns, Shivering in mist of ocean’s sullen tears. It is the Medicean: well I know The arts her ancient

poets, the former as the type of rudeness, the latter of gentleness. It is and sighing was out of the question. Weary at

to north on the western side, in a contrary direction on the eastern. It flowed in a steady, equable current, unvexed by s

island Atlantis. The blissful region may have been wholly imaginary. It is, however, not impossible that the myth had its

like sleeping flowers; For this, for everything, we are out of tune; It moves us not. — Great God! I’d rather be A Pagan

ivine ancestry. Her father was the river-god Inachus, son of Oceanus. It is said that Juno, one day, perceiving the skies

on, that the heifer’s form concealed some fair nymph of mortal mould. It was Io, whom Jupiter, when he became aware of the

ns under the storm-shaken oak. You see yonder a temple on the height. It is sacred to Jupiter. Often, while the priest mad

ould leave their groves and fountains to come and gaze upon her work. It was not only beautiful when it was done, but beau

en, touching the forehead of Arachne, she made her realize her guilt. It was more than mortal could bear; and forthwith Ar

urge of mortals, from his man-slaying.130 § 69. Mars and Minerva. — It would seem that the insatiate son of Juno should

it, prayed the gods to let her share his fate. Both became serpents. It is said that, mindful of their origin, they neith

d Mount Pelion on top, to scale the skies and dethrone the immortals. It is reported that not Apollo and Diana, but Jupite

us with quoit. [Marble group, Hope Collection. Roscher 16, 17: 2765.] It was said that Zephyrus (the west wind), who was a

e might, Phœbus at last led the way to where stood the lofty chariot. It was of gold, the gift of Vulcan: the axle of gold

ather’s car of fire, Yet was it much so nobly to aspire.” 146 § 76. It was not, however, only by accident, or by the ill

sat and watched the dead leaves fall, Or mused upon a common flower. It seemed the loveliness of things Did teach him all

ood, with such fixed eyes And such slow smile, Alkestis’ silent self! It was the crowning grace of that great heart, To ke

eech, you guess the speech. He could not think he saw his wife again: It was some mocking God that used the bliss, To make

mphs and maidens of mortal mould. § 83. Apollo, Pan, and Midas. 155 — It is said that on a certain occasion Pan had the te

a maiden, and clasp’d a reed: Gods and men, we are all deluded thus! It breaks in our bosom and then we bleed: All wept,

owed its origin to the malice of Cupid, — was specially unfortunate. It appears that Apollo, seeing the boy playing with

t the same time, warned her that her beauty would defeat her purpose. It was the face of this huntress-maiden that Apollo

his entreaties. “Stay,” said he, “daughter of Peneüs; I am not a foe. It is for love I pursue thee. I am no clown, no rude

goddess are exemplified in the myths of Arethusa, Actæon, and Orion. It is only when she is identified with Selene, the p

ocks; — with the spasm All Erymanthus shook. And the black south wind It concealed behind The urns of the silent snow, And

e prowess and manly favor gained for him the rare good-will of Diana. It is related that he loved Merope, the daughter of

o doubted whether she actually occupied these intervals with hunting. It is easy to imagine the satisfaction with which Ve

in the works of Apuleius, a writer of the second century of our era. It is therefore of much more recent date than most o

ondition some would try. Of one such race Hippomenes was to be judge. It was his thought, at first, that these suitors ris

gentle heart was strook: Such power and virtue hath an amorous look. It lies not in our power to love or hate, For will i

e of ivory, so beautiful that no living woman was to compare with it. It was indeed the perfect semblance of a maiden that

two houses there was a crack, caused by some fault in the structure. It afforded a passage to- the voice; and tender mess

isses on the cold lips. “O, Pyramus,” she cried, “what has done this? It is thine own Thisbe that speaks.” At the name of

icate the future only by signs, not by speech or song, as did Apollo. It is said that the god of gain avenged himself, for

. Bacchus dance of Satyrs and Bacchantes. [Vase picture: Inst. Arch.] It was in vain Pentheus remonstrated, commanded, and

he had acquired the pilot’s art of steering his course by the stars. It once happened that he had touched at the island o

hese are not the shores ye promised me; yonder island is not my home. It is small glory ye shall gain by cheating a poor b

ory is ours! ” . So the worship of Bacchus was established in Greece. It was on the island of Naxos that Bacchus afterward

n the open air, under the sunlight and moonlight and falling showers. It was where now stands the city of Eleusis, near th

increased in beauty and speed on the pastures watered by his streams. It is said, indeed, that the first and fleetest of h

that either should conquer. The javelin was destined to a sad office. It appears that Cephalus, when weary of the chase, w

nd the Underworld. § 116. Pan and the Personification of Nature. — It was a pleasing trait in the old paganism that it

s immortalized his sorrow for the decadence of the ancient mythology. It was this poem that provoked the well-known reply

urbstone war, the auction’s hammer, And swift, on Music’s misty ways, It led, from all this strife for millions, To ancien

all! “I know, thou gracious maiden, why it is that thou dost shun me. It is all for the shaggy brow that spans my forehead

om, although the kings were at war, she had fallen violently in love. It seems that Nisus had on his head a purple lock of

s are described the horror and the grace of her features in death: — It lieth, gazing on the midnight sky, Upon the cloud

im his daughter in marriage and made him his successor on the throne. It is said that Bellerophon, by his pride and presum

the country of Argos, and dwelt in a swamp near the well of Amymone. It had nine heads, of which the middle one was immor

tion dominated by warlike women; and in their hands were many cities. It was their custom to bring up only the female chil

one another, and soon there was not one of the dragon’s brood alive. It remained only to lull to sleep the dragon that gu

his friends and his sweetheart accompanying, hastened to the vessel. It is said that, in order to delay the pursuit of he

reserved it, while Meleager grew to boyhood, youth, and man’s estate. It chanced, then, that Œneus, offering sacrifices to

ers and white Reddened and broke all round them where they came.318 It was a slight wound, but Meleager saw and joyfully

alus disposed of Minos by scalding him to death while he was bathing. It is said that Dædalus could not bear the idea of a

the death of his father, left the realm of his reputed sire, Polybus. It happened, however, that Laïus was then driving to

ad repaired, was afflicted with a monster that infested the highroad. It was called the Sphinx. It had the body of a lion,

with a monster that infested the highroad. It was called the Sphinx. It had the body of a lion, and the upper part of a w

the Sphinx. It had the body of a lion, and the upper part of a woman. It lay crouched, on the top of a rock, and arresting

th Cadmus; Polynices had taken it with him on his flight from Thebes. It seems to have been still fraught with the curse o

he ground, and he, his chariot, and his charioteer were swallowed up. It is unnecessary here to detail all the acts of her

ere celebrated, Evadne cast herself on his funeral pile and perished. It seems that early in the contest Eteocles consulte

e to avert her fate, would not survive her, and fell by his own hand. It is only after his son’s death, and as he gazes up

dareus. § 165ª. Peleus 343 was the son of Æacus and grandson of Jove. It was for his father Æacus, king of Phthia in Thess

ros by Ulysses and Diomedes. [Pompeian Wall painting: Roscher 1: 27.] It seems that from early youth Paris had been reared

r world; and when the hero died a second time Laodamia died with him. It is said that the nymphs planted elm trees round h

the cause of the Greeks, — a quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon. It is at this point that the great poem of Homer, th

hemselves as much in this famous siege as did the parties themselves. It was well known in heaven that fate had decreed th

e, to which Hector replied, and hurled his lance at the huge warrior. It was well aimed and struck Ajax where the belts th

one, one of those that served to prop the ships, hurled it at Hector. It struck him near the neck and stretched him on the

s stopped in the third. Achilles threw his spear with better success. It pierced through the shield of Æneas, but glanced

d, stopped his flight and, turning to meet Achilles, threw his spear. It struck the shield of Achilles and bounded back. H

select number of the other chiefs were appointed to award the prize. It was awarded to Ulysses. Wisdom thus was rated abo

first two letters of his name, Ai, the Greek interjection of woe.360 It was now discovered that Troy could not be taken b

here was in Troy a celebrated statue of Minerva called the Palladium. It was said to have fallen from heaven, and the beli

offer gifts.” 363 So saying, he threw his lance at the horse’s side. It struck, and a hollow sound reverberated like a gr

te his return, the conspirators murdered him. Electra and Orestes. — It was the intention of the conspirators to slay his

of it lost all thought of home and wished to remain in that country. It was by main force that Ulysses dragged these men

he signal to unseal their ears, and they relieved him from his bonds. It is said that one of the Sirens, Parthenope, in gr

oaching which he met a young woman bearing a pitcher forth for water. It was Minerva who had assumed that form. Ulysses ac

me none spoke. At last an aged statesman, addressing the king, said, “ It is not fit that a stranger who asks our hospitali

uld get the better of the suitors and punish them for their outrages. It was arranged that Telemachus should proceed to th

h age, and seeing a stranger enter, raised his head, with ears erect. It was Argus, Ulysses’ own dog, that he had in other

tion and resolving to set forth again in quest of new adventures. „ “ It little profits that an idle King, By this still h

yond the sunset, and the baths Of all the western stars, until I die. It may be that the gulfs will wash us down: It may b

stern stars, until I die. It may be that the gulfs will wash us down: It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles, And see th

loyed in making their encampment Æneas sought the abode of the Sibyl. It was a cave connected with a temple and grove, sac

as of the terrific and preternatural of any on the face of the earth. It is the volcanic region near Vesuvius, where the w

The lake Avernus is supposed to fill the crater of an extinct volcano It is circular, half a mile wide, and very deep, sur

e way and retreated to his retirement. The Gates of Janus opened . — It was the custom of the country, when war was to be

earned to endure the toils of war, and in speed to outstrip the wind. It seemed as if she might run over the standing corn

Such were the formidable allies that ranged themselves against Æneas. It was night and he lay stretched in sleep on the ba

ing, remembered sweet Argos.” 387 Æneas now in turn hurled his lance. It pierced the shield of Mezentius, and wounded him

mighty ash tree Yggdrasil was supposed to support the whole universe. It sprang from the body of Ymir, — this earth, — and

to the mountain spirits, who made for them the chain called Gleipnir. It is fashioned of six things: the noise made by the

, and towards noon descried a city standing in the middle of a plain. It was so lofty that they were obliged to bend their

here,” answered Utgard-Loki, “in which we exercise none but children. It consists in merely lifting my cat from the ground

this sword, but was less fortunate than Thor and never recovered it. It happened in this way: Freyr once mounted Odin’s t

put into a side pocket. § 184. Ragnarok, the Twilight of the Gods. — It was a firm belief of the Northern nations that a

e, In remembrance of our glory, mid the gifts the gods shall give!… … It is Brynhild’s deed,” he murmured, “and the woman

igh festival. … With what joy and gladness welcomed were they there! It seemed when came dame Brunhild to Burgundy whiler

kings the foremost in merit and in fame.” So began the altercation. It attained its climax the same day, when each queen

ending; this is the Nibelungen’s Need.”‌ 397 Commentary.398 [ It is hoped that this Commentary may be useful to ge

— during the years of his exile. Of the Divine Comedy, says Lowell, “ It is the real history of a brother man, of a tempte

y thousands of years before Homer, or the Sanskrit Bible (the Vedas). It is not merely the blue sky, nor the sky personifi

was that made by Polyclitus for her temple between Argos and Mycenæ. It was of gold and ivory. (See Paus. 2. 17. 4.) The

re, is not represented by the Romans as possessed of technical skill. It is said that Romulus built him a temple in Rome,

atin fulgere, to flash or lighten, fulgur, a flash of lightning, etc. It is quite natural that, in many legends, fire shou

ith reference to the consultation of the Delphian or Pythian oracle. “ It is open to students to regard the dolphin as only

nd feast of Sparta, corresponding in both features to the Thargelian. It was held in July, in the oppressive days of the d

the dogstar, Sirius. (4) The Carnean of Sparta, celebrated in August. It added to the propitiatory features of the Hyacint

ecame a pest in the eyes of later generations.” Oracle of Delphi. — It had been observed at a very early period that the

considered an unfavorable sign, and the contrary when he received it. It used to be questioned whether oracular responses

e Pope’s palace at Rome in which it is placed. The artist is unknown. It is conceded to be a work of Roman art, of about t

d by a Greek sculptor of the Hellenistic period, probably in bronze). It is a standing figure, in marble, more than seven

ich is fastened around the neck and hangs over the extended left arm. It is restored to represent the god in the moment wh

. But the early myth-makers would hardly have reasoned so abstrusely. It is not at all certain that the name Leto means da

h from ocean,” etc. Also Milton’s Arcades 21. § 46. Interpretative. — It is interesting to note that Homer (Iliad and Odys

with the Syrinx) in the Museum at Naples. See references above. § 48. It was only in rare instances that mortals returned

s of information to those who invented and perpetuated these stories. It should be borne in mind that the traditions conce

e was served by girls who imitated, while dancing, the gait of bears. It is quite possible, therefore, that Artemis inheri

re-head of the ship in which Europa was conveyed to Crete was a bull. It is not improbable that the story indicates a sett

horses with which he scours the strand. Arachne: a princess of Lydia. It is probable that the myth symbolizes the competit

e from Tyre in Phœnicia. The Necklace of Harmonia was a fateful gift. It brought evil to whomsoever it belonged: to all th

aus of Argos, to whom Polynices gave it; and to the sons of Eriphyle. It was finally dedicated to Apollo in Delphi. Harmon

eriod, became mixed up with ancient legal ideas and local traditions. It is almost as necessary for a young god or hero to

of night, or a “black storm-cloud which shuts up the waters” ( Cox). It is not impossible that the Python was the sacred

were inscribed characters like Ai, Ai, the Greek exclamation of woe. It is evidently not our modern hyacinth that is here

in commemoration of the myth, over a large part of the Peloponnesus. It lasted some nine or eleven days, probably in the

t lasted some nine or eleven days, probably in the first half of May. It consisted of chants of lamentation and fasting du

.” The sun is called both Helios Phaëthon and Helios Phœbus in Homer. It was an easy feat of the imagination to make Phaët

cceeds the lightning is, according to Cox, the tears of the Heliades. It is hardly wise to press the analogy so far, unles

f Tantalus and its Connections. — See also § 132 (5) C. Pelops. — It is said that the goddess Demeter in a fit of abse

ion in the text is from a statue in the Imperial Gallery of Florence. It is the principal figure of a group supposed wrong

r terrified child, is one of the most admired of the ancient statues. It ranks with the Laocoön and the Apollo Belvedere a

responses and the recovery of their health by sleeping in the temple. It has been inferred from the accounts that have com

as also was unfortunate enough to underrate Apollo’s musical ability. It seems that the flute, an invention of Minerva’s,

tree (Sci. Relig. 378, 379). Others construe Daphne as the lightning. It is, however, very probable that the Greeks of the

through subterranean channels, till it again appears on the surface. It was said that the Sicilian fountain Arethusa was

ry ran that a cup thrown into the Alpheüs appeared again in Arethusa. It is, possibly, this fable of the underground cours

Acroceraunian Mountains are in Epirus in the northern part of Greece. It is hardly necessary to point out that a river Are

flower of the Greeks was of bloody hue, like that of the pomegranate. It is said the wind blows the blossoms open, and aft

s, and is thus prepared for the enjoyment of true and pure happiness. It is probable that the story allegorizes a philosop

adian Atalanta of the Calydonian Hunt. See § 148 and Table D, § 59 C. It is better to discriminate between them. The genea

er mythology a profound interest, spiritual as well as philosophical. It was the restoration of Man, not of flowers, the v

he mists of morning vanish before the glory of the rising sun ( Cox). It might be more consistent to construe Eurydice as

t there is not wanting modern testimony to their being still audible. It has been suggested that sounds produced by confin

palling representation of the Furies is not exaggerated in the story. It is fabled that Æschylus, the tragic poet, having

cass of a dead animal would be occupied by the bees for that purpose. It was no doubt from some such incident that the sup

flowed between Acarnania and Ætolia, and emptied into the Ionian Sea. It was honored over all Greece. Calydon: a city of Æ

strative. — The name Amalthea is given also to the mother of Bacchus. It is thus used by Milton, P. L. Bk. 4: — “That Nys

ic, their very plausibility should suggest caution in accepting them. It is not safe to construe all the details of a myth

val differed from the other Grecian games chiefly in two particulars. It was peculiar to the Athenians, and its chief feat

r, and Thor. Sydney Dobell’s Balder does not rehearse the Norse myth. It is a poem dealing with the spiritual maladies of

ilis, the leader of the Batavi in the revolt against Rome, 69-70 a.d. It is probable that in Sigurd and Siegfried we have

90. Italy, 268, 339, 343. Ith′aca, 20, 24, 285, 286 et seq., 330-335. It ′ylus; see I′tys. I′tys, 258. Iu′lus, Asca′nius,

degree of importance was attributed to the preservation of this fire? It was considered as being so important, that when i

being buried alive. What was the temple of Vesta supposed to contain? It was said to contain, besides the consecrated fire

brought to Italy. Whence did the Romans derive this worship of Vesta? It is certain that the worship of Vesta, or of fire,

thunder and lightning. What was the worship offered to this Divinity? It was the most solemn of any paid to the heathen De

d difficulties on earth. During his banishment, he invented the harp. It is asserted by the poets, that he raised the wall

that such an action would necessarily transmit his name to posterity. It was this temple which is mentioned in the Acts of

tatue of the goddess into Italy. What is the history of this goddess? It is full of absurdities not worth noticing. In her

Goddess urg’d it on: “Where the broad cincture girt his armour round, It pierc’d the God: his groin receiv’d the wound. Fr

ed as pure and innocent. Chap. XVI. Vulcan. Who was Vulcan? It appears that there were three of the name of Vulc

Cybele. What was the festival of the Bona Dea, or Bountiful Goddess? It was celebrated by the Romans in honour of the ear

sented to the goddess, milk, cheese, prepared wine, and millet cakes! It was during this feast, they celebrated the foundi

rly as formidable as that of Medusa. What was the real origin of Pan? It was extremely ancient. The Egyptians worshiping t

he form of serpents. The forehead was peculiarly consecrated to them. It was the universal custom to invoke these Genii on

Elysian fields; the wicked to the former, the virtuous to the latter. It was almost universally believed, that after remai

The temple of Diana, at Ephesus, a work of astonishing magnificence. It was supported by 127 pillars, each sixty feet hig

magnificence. It was supported by 127 pillars, each sixty feet high. It took 220 years to finish it. It was designedly se

by 127 pillars, each sixty feet high. It took 220 years to finish it. It was designedly set on fire on the day that Alexan

stonish mankind. The largest of them is 143 feet long, and 1000 high. It is constructed of enormous stones, thirty feet th

d 1000 high. It is constructed of enormous stones, thirty feet thick. It is recorded that 360,000 men were employed in bui

ding it, during the space of twenty years. The other two are smaller. It is supposed they were intended as sepulchres for

a most splendid edifice, of which the stones were cemented with gold. It was built with equal skill and magnificence by an

triarch was saved. What are the peculiar characteristics of Buddhism? It gives the name Buddha, or Boodha, significative o

Supreme God, who appears to be the same as the Vishnu of the Hindûs. It asserts that at the solicitation of many of the d

, that of the Scythians, the ancient Persians, Egyptians, and Greeks. It is very fanciful; inculcating the doctrine of a m

logy concerning the primitive element, of which the world was formed? It teaches that water is the primitive element, and

the face of the waters.” What is the Hindû account of the creation? It asserts that this world was all darkness, till th

werful sovereigns previous to their entering upon some hazardous war. It was imagined that whosoever could celebrate this

lar ray. Of these temples, that of Jaggernaut is the most celebrated. It is an immense circular building, from the centre

y communicated to those who were initiated into the sacred mysteries. It is universally agreed, that the ancient Egyptians

emple, built for that purpose at Alexandria, and called the Serapeum. It is said to have exceeded in magnificence, all the

outh of the Nile, was a celebrated temple dedicated to this divinity. It was a magnificent edifice, having porticoes forty

the Laurel, were all regarded as sacred by that superstitious people. It appears, likewise, that, even in certain minerals

in a tower, and the priests, every day, placed cakes in its chamber. It is related that a labourer employed in digging a

ty, in its near approach to true religion, and in its moral tendency. It is represented by some as inculcating “a firm bel

pecies; and a compassionate tenderness even for the brute creation.” It did not consecrate the horrible symbols of destru

Avesta divides the period of the work of creation into six intervals. It asserts that in the sixth of these, man alone was

riman, whence proceeded confusion, and the mixture of evil with good. It was imagined that an incessant struggle is mainta

and injury. The Druids were exempted from taxes and military service. It was esteemed unlawful to commit their religious d

buted infinite power, boundless knowledge, and incorruptible justice. It forbade the representation of this God, under any

ll of the Scandinavian Mythology, and who were its chief inhabitants? It was called Niflheim, and was represented as consi

e Valkyries? The Maids of the God of war; the Goddesses of slaughter. It was their province to select those that were to f

ogy? The most ancient, is the Voluspa; the prophecy of Vala, or Vola, It begins with a description of Chaos; relates the f

e creation of its various inhabitants, giants, gods, men, and dwarfs. It then proceeds to a description of the employments

adventures; their disputes with Loke, and the vengeance that ensued. It concludes with a representation of the final ruin

, in the 13th century, contains the system of Scandinavian mythology. It speaks of the giants, as existing in chaos, befor

ogy. It speaks of the giants, as existing in chaos, before the earth. It describes the palace of Odin, the Valhalla in the

e sculls of their enemies, whom they had killed in their mortal life. It mentions Odin’s steed, as being named Sleipner, h

ed Sleipner, having eight legs, and running with inconceivable speed. It speaks of the embalmed head of Mimer, the prophet

of Mimer, the prophet, which Odin used to carry with him and consult. It gives the names of some of the giants, and ascrib

ts original use, and the period of its erection, are totally unknown. It was built, probably, by some of the earliest desc

earliest descendants of Ishmael, and intended for religious purposes. It was held in great veneration long before the birt

s neither end nor beginning, baffles the most profound human thought. It is impossible to think of a point beyond which th

the first fancies and reflections of the earliest men who ever lived. It is the argument of the philologists that these fa

to have fallen from heaven in answer to the prayer of Numa Pompilius. It was kept with the greatest care, as it was prophe

ansed after three thousand oxen had been kept in it for thirty years. It was cleansed by turning the river Alpheus through

d inventor of letters, and his alphabet consisted of sixteen letters. It was Cadmus who slew the Bœotian dragon, and sowed

g up an armed man. Cadu′ceus [Caduceus]. The rod carried by Mercury. It has two winged serpents entwined round the top en

ed by Mercury. It has two winged serpents entwined round the top end. It was supposed to possess the power of producing sl

a]. A wild illusion, personified in the monster slain by Bellerophon. It had the head and breast of a lion, the body of a

and breast of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a serpent. It used to vomit fire.                  … “ And on

errestrial goddess. Di′do [Dido]. A daughter of Belus, King of Tyre. It was this princess who bought a piece of land in A

the lower half like a goat. E′gis [Egis] was the shield of Minerva. It obtained its name because it was covered with the

g the infernal regions. Erga′tis [Ergatis]. A name given to Minerva. It means the work-woman, and was given to the goddes

s the son of Vulcan. Erin′nys [Erinnys]. A Greek name of the Furies. It means Disturber of the Mind. Erisich′thon [Erisi

ometimes described as white, and at other times as purple and golden. It was given to Phryxus, who carried it to Colchis,

Pasithea. Grad′ivus [Gradivus]. A name given to Mars by the Romans. It meant the warrior who defended the city against a

rain. Hy′dra [Hydra]. A monster serpent, which had a hundred heads. It was slain by Hercules. See Hercules. Hyge′ia [Hy

n.” Shakespeare. Me′ru [Meru]. The abode of the Hindoo god Vishnu. It is at the top of a mountain 8,000 leagues high. T

He did so, and the sands which he stood on were golden forever after. It was this same king who, being appointed to be jud

who dwells in Nastrond. Nifl′heim [Niflheim]. The Scandinavian hell. It was supposed to consist of nine vast regions of i

Calypso, in the Mediterranean Sea, on which Ulysses was shipwrecked. It was so beautiful in sylvan scenery that even Merc

e origin of the statue. Some writers say that it fell from the skies. It was supposed that the preservation of the statue

r the world, and from that moment they have afflicted the human race. It is said that Hope alone remained in the box. Pand

e gods, built by Agrippa at Rome, in the reign of Augustus [b.c. 27]. It was 144 feet in diameter, and 144 feet high; and

is [Paris], the son of Priam, king of Troy, and of his mother Hecuba. It had been predicted that he would be the cause of

Apollo and Bacchus. Any one who slept on this mountain became a poet. It was named after one of the sons of Bacchus. Par′

henon]. The temple of Minerva (or Pallas) on the Acropolis at Athens. It was destroyed by the Persians, and rebuilt by Per

Peleus]. A king of Thessaly, who married Thetis, one of the Nereides. It is said that he was the only mortal who married a

Phleg′ethon [Phlegethon]. A river of fire in the infernal regions. It was the picture of desolation, for nothing could

. Polyx′ena [Polyxena]. Daughter of Hecuba and Priam, king of Troy. It was by her treachery that Achilles was shot in th

], a kind of javelin or staff carried by Dionysus and his attendants. It was usually wreathed with ivy and topped by a pin

in that land above the clouds, it was springtime all the year round. It never rained there and it was never cold; the bir

wonderful air is over me, And the wonderful wind is shaking the tree; It walks on the water, and whirls the mills, And tal

great loss of time; so with his scepter he struck the ground thrice. It opened, and, in an instant, horses, chariot, and

and famine took the place of wealth and plenty throughout the world. It seemed as though the great earth grieved with the

there lived in Greece a very beautiful woman, whose name was Latona. It is a soft, pretty name, and will help us to pictu

stars looked down in pity, as though’ they wished to comfort Latona. It seemed a long time since she had left the land, a

when she looked up, she saw that she had drifted to a little island. It was a pretty place, covered with trees, and along

e, covered with trees, and along the shores grew many bright flowers. It all looked so cheerful that Latona took heart aga

all, by the side of the cave, ran a brook of clear, sparkling water. It danced along over the pebbles, and wound its way

Minerva’s face, she suddenly felt how foolish and wrong she had been. It was too late now for repentance. The goddess seiz

in great delight. “You may try it, if you like,” answered the king. “ It is to bring me the head of Medusa, with its snaky

and a staff, wreathed with serpents, on which he leaned as he spoke. It was no other than the swift-footed god Mercury, b

it to me.” And the third sister said quickly, “No, that is not true. It is my turn.” And the middle one, who had the eye,

py rescue of Andromeda by Perseus, which I promised to tell you next. It all happened after Perseus had slain Medusa, and

ened women cast down their wreaths and went silently from the temple. It happened that Latona had come to the top of the m

oss the plain, and it swept away the motionless figure in its course. It carried the image aloft to the top of the high mo

m those wonderful deeds known as the twelve great labors of Hercules. It would take too long to tell you much about them,

strange creature came up to him and offered to carry Deïanira across. It was, in fact, one of the men horses, or centaurs,

Adelaide Anne Procter . A Lock of Purple Hair, and What Came of It King Minos, filled with angry, bitter feeling

t, and when it was dark, she passed with him out of the palace gates. It was a clear, starry night. A light wind was blowi

tarted back, carefully winding up the thread as Ariadne had directed. It seemed to him that he would never come out of tho

, but it has such a beautiful meaning that we can forgive its length. It means those kind feelings of the heart which lead

ift to show Jason that she had not forgotten her promise to help him. It was a very wonderful piece of wood, as you will a

en Fleece. ——— The Arrow and the Song I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For so swiftly i

t Could not follow it in its flight. I breathed a song into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For who has sigh

d make her his wife and take her back with him to his home in Greece. It may seem strange that Medea was willing to leave

dy vanished, and in its stead had sprung up a lovely, purple blossom. It was almost the color of the blood that had flowed

around the statue of the loveliest young girl that you could imagine. It did not seem like an image; the rosy sunset gave

ived in mountain caves, guarding flocks of sheep and herds of cattle. It was said that when they spoke in angry tones, the

the, and then gazed into the clear, still water to see how he looked. It seemed to him that he looked very well indeed, fo

compound of supernatural wonders and of human thoughts and feelings. It entrances us by its marvels in childhood; and in

nd those of the American people, must be ascribed to the same source. It has been with many an endeavour to trace, in the

aried and shining beauty you so much admire, are the tears of Aurora. It is the breath of Zephyrus which gently agitates t

at the other temples, but widows who were past the time of marriage. It was the employment of the Vestals to take care th

beautiful, I cannot, dare not, will not, think of death!     Priest. It is thy doom! thy living grave is near. Thou hast

and where they contended for the prize of dancing, music and poetry. It is from his encounter with this serpent, that in

nued for some days in the most agonizing situation, and at last died. It was always required that those who consulted this

st Pagan, that first framed A silver idol, and ne’er worshipped thee! It is too late, or thou shouldst have my knee; Too l

esert coast Showing where all her hope was wrecked and lost.” Hood. It was Ariadne who addressed him, daughter of Memnos

d the fair, Lashed his fleet tigers through the buxom air.” Dryden. It was not long before Bacchus formed an attachment

Venus, bowed with agony, By the slain huntsman bends the knee: —      It springs, a child of tears.     “Then hither, mee

t admired of her statues, being the most perfect piece of Praxiteles. It was formed of white marble, and appeared so much

was well established, particularly in Egypt, at Athens, and at Rome. It was customary to burn the whole victim to him and

o fire he flew, And puffing loud, the roaring bellows blew.” Homer. It is stated that Bacchus made him intoxicated after

th a troubled guest,     At times deceived, at times opprest,          It here is tried and purified,     Then hath in heav

tried and purified,     Then hath in heaven its perfect rest:          It soweth here with toil and care,         But the h

ay, Of him the temple’s lord, it shone     More beautiful than day. “ It was a sleeping child, as fair     As the first-bo

ving serpents writhing round it, as well as on her shield and helmet. It was in one of her temples that the following occu

en offered. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1842_img091     “ It lieth, gazing on the midnight sky,     Upon the c

Minerva in the Florence Gallery. “The head is of the highest beauty. It has a close helmet from which the hair, delicatel

id and disinterested pleading against some vast and inevitable wrong. It is the joy and poetry of sorrow making ‌grief bea

, prefer it to what is called pleasure, in which all is not pleasure. It is difficult to think that this head, though of t

nd here is deep and impassioned grief animating a divine countenance. It is indeed divine. The drapery of the statue, the

, He sighed, and felt the urchin’s art, He sighed in agony of heart; ‘ It is not light, I die with pain! Take, take thine a

tening brow, and look that seems to dare A thousand foes to battle. —  It was a beautiful faith that gave these gods A name

that within his glance So fierce, I scarce dare meet it.     Evadne. It is your studious nature, yet methinks To gaze upo

accompanied by the remainder arrived safely at the end of his voyage. It is added, as an instance of the ingratitude of mo

was an additional one in his favour for wishing a soother of his lot. It was in his visit to the island of Sicily, that th

and with fleet fingers make Thy liquid voiced comrade talk with thee; It can talk measured music eloquently. Then bear it

night or day, for those endowed With art and wisdom, who interrogate! It teaches, bubbling in delightful mood All things w

border on the Lycian coast; A river here he viewed so lovely bright, It showed the bottom in a fairer light, Nor kept a s

ved all panics, the cause of which was unknown, were produced by him. It was by the counsel of Pan, that the Gods at the m

a maiden and clasped a reed; Gods and men were all deluded thus,      It breaks in our bosom and then we bleed: All wept,

lips a gilded cordial grew: Unfit for drink, and wondrous to behold, It trickles from his jaws a fluid gold. The rich, po

emselves conspicuous in his orgies, by their riot and lasciviousness. It is said, that a Satyr was brought to Sylla, as th

ds and flowers, the stones which divided their different possessions. It is said that when Tarquin the proud, wished to bu

into a sea deity, by Neptune, who had compassion on her misfortunes. It is supposed by many, that the Isthmian games were

ictory’s brow,     The brave have won the fight, but, fighting, fell; It was thine arm that laid the victor low,     And t

lue; The other rosy as the morn     When throned in ocean’s wave,      It blushes o’er the world: Yet both so passing wonde

voked by the Augurs before proceeding about their sacerdotal offices. It was believed that these spirits quitted, during t

Lares, and presided over houses and the domestic affairs of families. It was at the option of every master of a family to

over sings To his proud fair, best quitted with disdain.” Milton ‌ It was supposed that he always attended at nuptials;

after her death is said to have been married to Achilles in Elysium. It is asserted by some writers, that the murder of t

d performed, placed among the gods, and rewarded with divine honours. It has been asserted that there were many of the sam

himself the son of Jupiter, but he found himself grievously deceived. It occurred to the recollection of Atlas, that an an

by his presence, and the nymphs made his company their chief desire. It was not long before the winged deity pierced him

f Apollo and rival of the celebrated Orpheus in the science of music. It is related of him, that in order to build the wal

rstand the horror, For I grow cold. Phor. The Queen, Jocasta told me It was her son by Laius. Œd. O you gods — break, br

in sorrow!) I might well forget I could not win you as I used to do. It was the first embrace since my descent I ever aim

ewels and arms, one of them disdained the gems, and seized a sword! —  It was Achilles! — who thus betrayed his manly incli

image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1842_img234a But this was not enough. It was necessary to take from the Trojans the talism

o seek the statue of Pallas, in the very city of their intrepid foes. It was necessary likewise that Rhesus, King of Thrac

th Alcinous, who gave him a ship, which carried him safely to Ithaca. It was now the twentieth year of the absence of Ulys

that desperate energy, Which only has to know, and knowing, die — —  It was Leander!” L. E. L. The melancholy tale is

s only different from that used by the ancient inhabitants of Greece. It was composed of seventeen letters, and to these w

ter Cassandra in marriage, naming him as his successor to the throne. It has been asserted by some that he attempted to fl

became so strong, that nothing seemed too much for his vast efforts. It is recorded of him that he carried on his shoulde

y of the beast. The Principal Divinities of Indian Mythology. It is scarcely possible for any religion to possess

eru mountain,         None hath seen its secret fountain;              It had its birth, so sages say,                 Upon

nguished no less for his ‌eloquence than for his kindness and wisdom. It was his doom to meet with a premature death. Awar

ds the altar on which the sacred fire was kept burning night and day. It was surrounded by all sorts of iron and brazen ve

sessed also a Venus, who, with her three sisters, presided over love. It is not unusual to represent her reclining on a co

bject for the cruelties of the temple, and the worship of their gods. It has been suggested, that some navigators of Phœni

nts of Egypt, and on the top of an immense pyramid stands the image. “ It is placed on a throne upheld by an azure globe; a

to appeal even to the colder sensibilities of this more prosaic age. It would be difficult, indeed, to exaggerate the imp

n would ask were fully answered, and no room remained for conjecture. It was not so, however, with the other nations. The

and the overjoyed mother clasped her rescued treasure to her breast. It was not sufficient, however, to have saved young

ntained some good spirit, whose ministrations might prove beneficial. It was well for Pandora that she opened the box a se

d anger, and a prey to all the passions which rule the hearts of men. It was he who presided at the councils held on the t

h, that it was counted one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. It is said, too, that the artist, having completed t

erward their wedding was celebrated with great pomp on Mount Olympus. It was on this solemn occasion that the immortal con

like, and to breathe the intoxicating perfume of the distant flowers. It always seemed to her then as if Nature, so beauti

himself down upon the sward, hoping to woo it to visit him once more. It did not come again that night, however; but the n

ain the goddess strove to catch the concealed meaning of this answer. It was only revealed to her when Anteros, god of pas

he perils her lover was braving for the sake of seeing her once more. It was only when the dawn began to whiten the east t

came as surely as the night, And when the morning woke upon the sea, It saw him not, for back at home was he.” Leigh Hun

ady to sink, he lifted his eyes once more to view the cheering light. It was gone, extinguished by a passing gust of wind.

tumbled locks, and then a pair of beautiful, watchful, anxious eyes. It seemed to him that the nymph was about to emerge

rom indulging his caprice for every pretty face he met along his way. It is thus, therefore, that he yielded to the charms

eld in the open air, on a hill near the newly founded city of Athens. It was then customary for such cases to be tried at

k, the emblem of his power, and the obstacle was immediately removed. It was on one of these occasions that Pluto abducted

nd which foretold that he would perish by the hand of his son-in-law. It was now too late to prevent the marriages, so cal

ips, a gilded cordial grew, Unfit for drink; and, wondrous to behold, It trickles from his jaws a fluid gold.  The rich po

ho took the crown she had so often worn and flung it up into the air. It rose higher and higher, until the gods fixed it i

and one month bore the god’s name, and was considered sacred to him. It was customary for friends and relatives to exchan

inventing the sails which propel the ships so swiftly over the tide. It was he, too, who, according to Homer, bound all h

hem, and finally bore away the prize he had risked so much to obtain. It was on his homeward journey from this expedition

lined and ever-during arms, Sustains the spacious heavens.” Hesiod. It was during the course of one of his mighty labour

                                              ‘“Take This white robe. It is costly. See, my blood Has stained it but a lit

re through every vein. Vainly he tried to tear off the fatal garment. It clung to his limbs, and the poison ate its way in

“Great Alcides, stooping with his toil, Rests on his club.” Pope. It is said that some of the games celebrated at Olym

e set out on his journey, to Iolcus. Jason and the Goddess Juno It was early in the spring, and the young man had no

t she should marry only the suitor who could beat her in a foot-race. It was decreed, moreover, that every unsuccessful su

ould inform him whether this union would be for his happiness or not. It was very fortunate for him that he did so, for th

ll. “‘My favourite ram, how art thou now the last To leave the cave? It hath not been thy wont To let the sheep go first,

“‘Hence with thee! Leave our island instantly, Vilest of living men! It may not be That I receive or aid as he departs On

yond the sunset, and the baths Of all the western stars, until I die. It may be that the gulfs will wash us down! It may b

stern stars, until I die. It may be that the gulfs will wash us down! It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles, And see th

characteristic features, called the Mythological or Mythopœic age.” It was during this period that the main part of the

people said, “Selene loves and watches Endymion,” instead of saying, “ It is getting late”; “Selene embraces Endymion,” ins

the moon is rising “Selene kisses Endymion into sleep,” instead of, “ It is night.” These expressions remained long after

d of his career he again encounters Iole, now the beautiful twilight. It is then that Deianeira (the daylight), jealous of

after having visited the Phæacian land (the land of clouds or mists). It is only after he has slain the suitors of Penelop

y interwoven. One personification of the dawn, however, stands apart. It is Minerva, whose Greek name, Athene, is derived,

root as Maruts, the Indian god, and means the “grinder” or “crusher.” It was first applied “to the storms which throw heav

. Games held in honour of Neptune, at Corinth, every four years, 134 It ′a-ly. Saturn retires to, 12, 22; statues of Juno,